Omq000001 Gprs Principle Issue2.0

Internal
OMQ000001 GPRS Principle

ISSUE 2.0
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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GPRS principle is the basic part of the whole GPRS system and the succeeding products learning. This slide will help us to understand the GPRS system networking and wireless subsystem etc.
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References
GPRS principle GPRS protocol 31025698 - M900/M1800 PCU Technical Manual
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Upon completion of this course, you will be able to: Know the GPRS system structure Describe the GPRS important interfaces Understand the GPRS channel structures Master the GPRS relevant numbering
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Chapter 1 GPRS System Overview Chapter 2 GPRS Achitecture Chapter 3 GPRS Network Interfaces & Protocols Chapter 4 GPRS Wireless Subsystem Chapter 5 GPRS Location Area
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Circuit Switch (CS)

A
CS CS
B H C
CS
D E
K F
CS CS
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Packet Switch (PS)

PS
PS
1 2
PS
1 3
1 2
C
3
3 2 1
B
PS
PS
2 1 3
1 2 3
PS
PS
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GSM Development Evolution
3G
UMTS
384 Kb/s
2.75 G
ECSD
38.8 Kb/s
EGPRS EDGE
59.2 Kb/s
2.5 G
HSCSD
14.4 Kb/s
GPRS
21.4 Kb/s
CS
2G
GSM
9.6 Kb/s
PS
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What is GPRS and EDGE?

Abbreviation of General Packet Radio Service. GPRS is an end-to-end packet switching technology provided on the basis of GSM technology. It has much interactive services with the existing GSM circuit switching system. GPRS supports wireless access rate of up to 171.2Kbps. EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution)
EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS) EGPRS supports wireless access rate of up to 473.6Kbps. ECSD (Enhanced CSD, Enhanced HSCSD-High Speed Circuit Switched Data)
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GPRS&EDGE Coding Rate

Kbps
60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00

21.4 22.4 17.6 14.8 8.8 11.2
59.2 54.4
GPRS EGPRS
29.6
44.8
20.00
13.4
15.6
10.00 0.00
9.05
CS-1
CS-2
CS-3
CS-4
MCS-1
MCS-2
MCS-3
MCS-4
MCS-5
MCS-6
MCS-7
MCS-8
MCS-9
GMSK
8PSK
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Adjustments to GSM Network
BSS
Pb
CS Core Network
Gs
PCU
Gb
PS Core Network NSS
BSS
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Most Popular GPRS Applications

E-mail Web Browsing Information Services Moving Images Still Images
Stock Market Live News Sport Report Public Information Weather Forecast Service Traffic Information
Remote LAN Access File Transfer Job Despatch

Still Images Moving Bank
Personal Information Service
Email
File Transfer
Web Browsing
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Advantages and Disadvantages of GPRS

Advantages Share resource with GSM High resource utilization Fast transmission rate Always on line Short access time Disadvantages Slower data rates in practice than anticipated in theory Suboptimal modulation technique
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CS & PS Logic Structure

C
GMSC
E D CS A
PSTN
MSC/VLR Gs Gb SGSN Gr HLR AUC GPRS Register
B T S
Abis
TRAU
BSC
PCU
PS
G-Abis
Pb
BSS
Gn Gc GGSN Gi Internet
CN
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Modifications in BSS (GSM Evolves into GPRS)
Upgrade BTS software
Upgrade BSC software
Add new PCU
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Modifications in BSS (GPRS Evolves into EDGE)
E T R
Upgrade BTS software and hardware
Upgrade BSC software
Upgrade PCU software
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Modifications in Core NetworkGSM Evolves into GPRS/EDGE

New GPRS CN equipments
SGSN GGSN CG
Upgraded GPRS CN equipments

HLR MSC/VLR SMS-GMSC/SMS-IWMSC
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GPRS System Structure

MSC/VLR SMS-GMSC SMS-IWMSC HLR EIR
SS7
WAP Gateway BSS MS
Gs
Gd
Gr Gn
Gf
Gc
GGSN
BSC
Firewall
Gb
Gi
Intranet/Internet
RADIUS
Abis BTS PCU

SGSN
GPRS Backbone
ATM/DDN/ISDN/Ethernet, etc
Ga
CG
Gi
X.25
Gn
BSS MS
BSC
Gb
SGSN GGSN CN-PS CNDNS BG Other PLMN
Abis BTS PCU
Gp
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GPRS MS
TETerminal Equipment MTMobile Terminal TA Terminal Adapter
Reference Point
Reference Point
Um
Gi
TA
TE MT
GPRS Network1
PDN/Other Network
Gp
GPRSNetwork2
MS
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GPRS MS
Class A The MS is attached to both GPRS and other GSM services and the MS supports simultaneous operation of GPRS and other GSM services. Class B The MS is attached on GPRS network and GSM network simultaneously but not enabling circuit switching and packet switching services at the same time. services are selected automatically. Class C The MS is attached to either GPRS or other GSM services. Alternate use only. services are selected manually or default selected service.
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Functions of PCU (Packet Control Unit)

Provides physical and logical data interface out of the BSS for packet data traffic LLC layer PDU segmentation/reassembly of RLC blocks Packet data transfer scheduling Radio channel management function
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Position of Huawei PCU
CCU
BTS
CCU
BSC
PCU
CCU
SGSN
BSC
BTS
CCU Um Abis Pb Gb
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Functions of SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node)

Packet routing MS Session management Authentication and Ciphering Mobility management Billing information collection
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Functions of GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)

Interface between GPRS backbone and external PDNs. PDP Conversion and context management IP address assignment management Packet routing to/from SGSNs Billing information collection
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Functions of CG (Charging Gateway)

Real-time collection of GPRS bills Temporary storage and buffering of GPRS bills Pre-processing of GPRS bills Sending GPRS bills to the billing center
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Functions of MSC/VLR
When Gs interface is installed, MSC/VLR can support
Establishment and maintenance of the association between SGSN and MSC/VLR. GPRS combined mobility management procedure.
Combined IMSI/GPRS attachment/detachment. Combined location area/routing area updating.
Circuit paging coordination function.
The wireless resource usage can be greatly improved.
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Functions of HLR/AUC
Saving and updating GPRS subscriber subscription data User authentication Providing location/routing information and processing needed in mobility management and routing, for example:
Saving and updating user service SGSN number and address GPRS user location deletion indication Whether MS is reachable.
Subscriber tracing (optional)
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Functions of SMS-GMSC/SMS-IWMSC
The SMS-GMSC and SMS-IWMSC are connected to the SGSN via the Gd interface to enable GPRS MSs to send and receive SMs over GPRS radio channels. After Gd interface is installed, short messages can be sent via GPRS, which reduces the occupation on SDCCH and cuts down the influence on voice services by SMS services. The operator can select to send SMS via MSC or SGSN.
SMS
Gd
MS
SGSN
SMS-IWMSC SMS-GMSC
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Functions of BG (Border Gateway)

BG enables the following protocols necessary for interworking between operators Security protocol: IPSec and firewall are recommended
Routing protocol: BGP is recommended Billing protocol: determined by the operators with negotiation; BG might be needed in collecting billing information
It is normally based on routers It can be combined with GGSN in physical. BG does not exclusively belong to the GPRS network. Gp GSN
PLMN A
R R
R R
BG
BG
PLMN B
GSN
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Functions of DNS (Domain Name System)

The following two types of DNSs may be adopted in the GPRS network: The DNS between the GGSN and external networks The DNS on the GPRS backbone network. Provides two types of functions: a. Resolve the GGSN IP address based on the Access Point Name (APN) in the process of the PDP context activation; b. Resolve original SGSN IP address based on the original routing area No. in the process of the update of inter-SGSN routing area. DNS Server DNS does not exclusively belong to the GPRS network.
SGSN GPRS Backbone SGSN
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Functions of RADIUS Server (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service Server)

It is a protocol used by Remote Access Server's for user Authentication. The RADIUS server stores the authentication and authorization information of subscribers. It also performs subscriber identity authentication in the case of nontransparent access. RADIUS Server does not exclusively belong to the GPRS network.
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Chapter 3 GPRS Network Interfaces & Protocols

3.1 Interface and Protocol Stack 3.2 Um Interface 3.3 G-abis/Pb Interface 3.4 Gb Interface 3.5 Gs Interface
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Network Interface Types

SGSN SGSN
IP interface
GPRS backbone network

Gn
GGSN GGSN
Gi
SGSN SGSN
Gc Gb Gr MT Gs Gd
PDP network (IP/X.25)
SS7 interface
TE
Um
BSS
MS
MSC
HLR
SMSGMSC
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Interface in GPRS Network

Interfac e
R Um Gb Gc Gd Gi Gn Gp Gr Gs Gf
Description
The reference point between the Mobile Terminal (MT) (for example, mobile phone) and the Terminal Equipment (TE) (for example, the portable computer). The interface between MS and GPRS network side The interface between the SGSN and BSS. The interface between the GGSN and HLR (optional). The interface between SMS and GMSC The interface between SMS-IWMSC and SGSN The reference point between the GPRS and external packet data The interface between SGSNs and between SGSN and GGSN in the PLMN. The interface between GSNs of different PLMNs. The interface between the SGSN and HLR. The interface between the SGSN and MSC/VLR (optional). The interface between the SGSN and EIR (optional).
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Data Transmission Plane

Application
IP/X.25 SNDCP LLC RLC MAC Physical Layer MS

RLC SNDC P
IP/X.25
IP/X.25
relay
GTP UDP/TCP IP L2
GTP UDP/TCP IP L2 Physical Layer Physical Layer GGSN L2 (MAC)
LLC relay
BSSGP
BSSGP Network Service
MAC
Network Service
Physical Physical Layer Layer
Physical Physical Layer Layer
Um
BSS
Gb
SGSN
Gn
Gi
MAC: Media Access Control RLC: Radio Link Control LLC: Logical Link Control
BSSGP: BSS GPRS Protocol SNDCP: Sub-Network Dependency Convergence Protocol GTP: GPRS Tunneling Protocol
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MS-SGSN Signaling Plane

GMM/SM LLC
rela Relay
GMM/SM LLC RLC MAC GSM RF Um BSS

y
RLC MAC GSM RF MS
BSSGP Network Service L1bis Gb
BSSGP Network Service L1bis SGSN
GMM: GPRS Mobility Management SM: Session Management
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Protocol Layer of Um Interface

SNDCP SMS
GMM (GPRS Mobility Management): operates in the signalling plane of GPRS supports mobility management functionality. SM (Session Management): processes procedure that GPRS MS connects to the external data network. SNDCP (Subnetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol): Multiplexing of several PDPs, compression / decompression and Segmentation of user data. LLC (Logical Link Control ): This layer provides a highly reliable ciphered logical link between an MS and its SGSN. RLC:Segmentation and re-assembly between LLC PDUs and RLC blocks. MAC: defines the procedures that enable multiple mobile stations to share a common transmission medium.
GMM/SM
LLC RLC MAC

Physical Link
RF
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MM State
GMM context is not established; MS is not reachable.
IDLE
Data transmission to and from the mobile subscriber as well as the paging of the subscriber are not possible
STANDBY
GMM context is established; MS can receive paging but cannot implement data transmission.
The location information in the SGSN MM context contains only the GPRS RAI. Pages for data or signalling information transfers may be received. It is also possible to receive pages for the CS services via the SGSN. Data reception and transmission are not possible in this state.
MS can implement data transmission.

READY
The MS performs MM procedures to provide the network with the actual selected cell. SGSN performs the MM on cell level. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 41
MM State Model
GPRS Attach READY timer expiry or Force to STANDBY
MM State Model of MS
IDLE
GPRS Detach
READY
STANDBY
PDU transmission READY timer expiry or Force to STANDBY or Abnormal RLC condition
GPRS Attach
MM State Model of SGSN
IDLE
READY
GPRS Detach or Cancel Location
STANDBY
PDU reception
Implicit Detach or Cancel Location
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Transmission Principle of Data Packet on Um Interface
Network Layer
Subscriber IP packet (NPDU) SNDCP PDU(SN-PDU)
SNDCP Layer
LLC Layer
LLC frame
RLC/MAC Layer
RLC/MAC block
Subscriber data
SNDCP head
LLC head
LLC FCS
RLC/MAC head
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G-abis/Pb Interface
G-abis/Pb interface is not a standard interface
MS BTS MS
Abis
BSC G-abis
PCU Pb
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Protocol Stack of the Gb Interface

GMM/SM LLC
rela Relay
RLC MAC
BSSGP Network Service L1bis Gb
BSSGP Network Service L1bis SGSN
GSM RF BSS
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NS Layer Definition
The Network Service performs the transport of NS SDUs(Service Data Unit ) between the SGSN and BSS. The Network Service entity is composed of the Sub-Network Service and the Network Service Control.
NSVCNSVCI
FR PVCDLCI
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NS Layer Functions
Sub-Network Service Functions The Sub-Network Service functions of the Network Service shall provide access to the intermediate network (or to the peer entity in case of direct point-to-point configuration) and shall provide NS-VCs between NS peer entities. Frame Relay shall be the network used on the Gb interface. The Sub-Network Service entity is the Frame Relay entity. Network Service Control Functions NS SDU transmission Load sharing NS-VC management DTE
BSS
Gb
FR Network
Gb
DTE
SGSN
DTE
Gb
DCE
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NS Layer Parameters
BC
Bearer Channel: consist of one group of time slots in one E1
DLCI
Data Link Connection Identifier: the identifier of PVC having end-to-end significance across the Gb interface
NSVC, NSVCI
The NS-VCs are end-to-end virtual connections between the BSS and SGSN.
NSE, NSEI
NS entity, NSE is responsible for management of all of NS-VC, e.g. NSVC block /unblock /reset
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NS Layer Structure
E1 link TS0~TS31
BC1(TS1~TS3)
SGSN BSS
NSVCI=20 DLCI=16 TS1 TS2 TS3 NSVCI=20 DLCI=16
NSVCI=10 DLCI=259
TS1 TS2 TS3
NSVCI=10 DLCI=259
NSVC collection NSEI=1

E1 link TS0~TS31 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
NSVC collection NSEI=1

BC2(TS1~TS3)
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NS Layer Load-sharing
Two users in the same cell
SGSN
cell
BVC1 BVC2
BSS
BSSGP Layer
BVC1 ms#2 BVC2 ms#1 NSE3 NSE2
NSE3 NSE2
NSE1
NS Layer
NSE1
NSVC channel=20
DLCI=16
NSVC channel=10 DLCI=259
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Functions of BSSGP
The primary function of BSSGP is to provide the radio-related, QoS, and routing information that is required to transmit user data between a BSS and an SGSN. A secondary function is to enable the SGSN and BSS to operate node management control functions. BSSGP Virtual Connections (BVCs) provide communication paths between BSSGP entities. Each BVC is used in the transport of BSSGP PDUs between the following entities: peer point-to-point (PTP) functional entities : PTP user data transmission. A cell is identified by a BVCI. peer point-to-multipoint(PTM) functional entities: PTM user data transmission. There is one or more PTM functional entities per BSS. peer signalling functional entities : Signaling transmission. Each NSE corresponds a SIG BVC. There is one or more NSEs per BSS.
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Realization of BSSGP Layer

PTP BVC
cell1
BVC 11
BVC1 1 BVC1 2 BVC1 3 BVC1 4
BVC1 2
cell2
13 BVC 14 BVC
BVC1 5
cell3
BSC
SIG BVC
Gb
SGSN
cell4
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The Difference btw. PTP BVC and SIG BVC

PTP BVC SIG BVC
Cell1
Cell2
Cell1
Cell2
NSE NSVC1
NSE
Signaling User data
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SGSN - MSC/VLR Signaling Plane
BSSAP+
MSC/VLR
TRAU
BSSAP+ SCCP MTP3 MTP2 L1 Gs
SCCP
Gs
BSC
PCU
SGSN
MTP3 MTP2 L1
SGSN
Gs interface is the optional interface.
MSC/VLR
It adopts BSSAP+ protocol to enable combined mobility management and paging functions so as to improve the effective usage of wireless resources.
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Cooperation between GMM and MM

Objectives
To improve the effective usage of wireless resources To reduce the network signaling traffic
Pre-condition
SGSN and MSC/VLR support Gs interface
Functions
Combined IMSI/GPRS attachment and Combined IMSI/GPRS detachment Combined routing area/location area updating (including periodical) Paging Co-ordination
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Network Operation Mode (Paging Co-ordination)

Paging co-ordination means that the network sends paging messages for circuitswitched services on the same channel as used for packet-switched services, i.e., on the GPRS paging channel or on the GPRS traffic channel, and the MS needs only to monitor that channel.
Mode Circuit Paging Channel
Packet Paging Channel Network Operation Mode I CCCH Paging Channel Packet Data Channel Network Operation Mode II Network Operation Mode III CCCH Paging Channel CCCH Paging Channel CCCH Paging Channel CCCH Paging Channel Packet Paging Channel CCCH Paging Channel
GPRS Paging Channel

Packet Paging Channel CCCH Paging Channel Not Applicable
Paging co-ordination
Yes (Gs interface is present, all MSCoriginated paging of GPRS-attached MSs shall go via the SGSN) No (Gs interface is not present, all MSCoriginated paging of GPRS-attached MSs shall go via the A interface)
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Chapter 4 GPRS Wireless Subsystem

4.1 Packet Channels 4.2 Medium Access Modes 4.3 MS Multi-TS Ability 4.4 Power Control 4.5 Network Control Modes
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Physical Channel
The same as in GSM The same frequency The modulation mode The same TDMA frame definition The same burst pulse definition The differences between GPRS and GSM The Multi-frame structure The channel coding
IP/X25 SNDCP LLC RLC MAC Physical Layer MS RLC MAC Relay
BSSGP
Application
Frame relay
Physical Physical Layer Layer BSS
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Packet Logic Channels

Packet Logic Channel
Packet service channel Packet control channel
PBCCH
PCCCH
PDCCH
BCCH
PDTCH/U PDTCH/D PPCH PRACH PAGCH PACCH PTCCH/U PTCCH/D
TCH
PNCH
PCH, RACH, AGCH,NCH
SACCH
The specific type of PDCH (except PRACH) is determined by RLC/MAC head and RLC/MAC control message type.
Channel Abbreviation
Packet Data Traffic CHannel Uplink - PDTCH/U Packet Data Traffic CHannel Downlink - PDTCH/D Packet Broadcast Control CHannel - PBCCH Packet Common Control CHannel - PCCCH Packet Dedicated Control Channel - PDCCH Packet Paging CHannel - PPCH Packet Random Access CHannel - PRACH Packet Access Grant CHannel - PAGCH Packet Notification CHannel - PNCH Packet Associated Control CHannel - PACCH Packet Timing advance Control CHannel Uplink - PTCCH/U Packet Timing advance Control CHannel Downlink - PTCCH/D
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PDTCH (Packet Data Traffic CHannel)

All packet data traffic channels are unidirectional.
Uplink (PDTCH/U) for a mobile originated packet transfer. PDTCH/U Downlink (PDTCH/D) for a mobile terminated packet transfer. PDTCH/D Packet service channel
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PBCCH (Packet Broadcast Control CHannel)

The PBCCH broadcasts parameters used by the MS to access the network for packet transmission operation. The PBCCH also carries the information transmitted via the BCCH to allow circuit switching operation. The MS in GPRS attached mode monitors the PBCCH only, if PBCCH is available, otherwise, the BCCH shall be used to broadcast information for packet operation. The existence of the PBCCH in the cell is indicated on the BCCH via SI13.
Packet control channel
PBCCH
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PCCCH (Packet Common Control CHannel)

PPCH
Downlink only, used to page MS. PCCCH
PRACH
Uplink only, used to request allocation of one or several PDTCH/Us or PDTCH/Ds.
PAGCH
Downlink only, used to allocate one or several PDTCHs.
PPCH
PRACH
PAGCH
PNCH
PNCH
Downlink only, used to notify MS of PTM-M call.
If no PCCCH is allocated, the information for packet switching operation is transmitted on the CCCH. If a PCCCH is allocated, it may transmit information for circuit switching operation.
PDCCH (Packet Dedicated Control Channels)

PACCH
Bi-directional, used to transmit the packet signaling in data transmission.
PDCCH
PTCCH/U
Used to transmit random access bursts to allow estimation of the timing advance for one MS in packet transfer mode.
PACCH
PTCCH/U
PTCCH/D
PTCCH/D
Used to transmit timing advance updates for several MS. One PTCCH/D is paired with several PTCCH/U's.
Combinations of Packet Logic Channel

Mode 1: PBCCH+PCCCH+PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH Mode 2: PCCCH+PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH
Mode 3: PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH
With the increase of traffic, the packet public channel should be configured in the cell. Channel combination mode 1 and mode 2 should be adopted.
Mode 4: PBCCH+PCCCH
(PCCCH=PPCH+PRACH+PAGCH+PNCH
In case of small GPRS traffic, GPRS and circuit services share the same BCCH and CCCH in the cell. In this case, only combination mode 3 is needed in the cell.
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Packet Wireless Channel Configurations

Reason of adopting static PDCH
To enable that GPRS MS is constantly online in the cell. To ensure certain QoS of GPRS services.
Reason of adopting dynamic PDCH

GPRS and GSM share wireless resources. Wireless resources should be adopted in priority; on the other hand, QoS of voice services should be ensured. In a cell, the percentage of packet switching services and the percentage of circuit switching services are constantly changing. Dynamic PDCH is not visible for voice services.
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Packet Wireless Channel Configurations

General principles
The cell should be configured with static PDCH to enable MS to be normally attached on GPRS network as well as certain QoS of GPRS services. Dynamic PDCH should be configured according to the GPRS traffic forecast, which should be adjusted as TCH or PDCH usable in the operation process according to the cell traffic status. Circuit switching services can seize the channel used by GPRS services.
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Mapping of Packet Logic Channel

A radio block is a 4-normal-burst sequence that carries a RLC/MAC PDU (Protocol Data Unit).
25
51
B0
B1
B2 T B3
B4
456 bits
B5 I B6
B7
B8 T B9
B10 B11 I
01234567
012 34 567 01234 567 1 TDMA frame
01234 567
I = Idle frame T = Frame used for PTCCH B0 ~ B11 = Radio blocks
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Mapping of Packet Logic Channel

0 50
BCCH 0
F S B B B B C C C C F S C C C C C C C C F S C C CC C C C C F S C C C C C C C C F S C C C C C C C C
1
12 25 51
PDCH
2 B0 3
B1
B2 T B3
B4
B5 I B6
25
B7
B8 T B9
B10 B11 I
TCH
4T 5 6 7
T T T T T T T T T T TSTT T T T T T T T T T T I
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Transmission Principle of Data Packet on Um Interface

Subscriber IP packet
SNDCP PDU
LLC PDU
RLC/MAC block
N B N B N B N B
Physical layer
B0 B1 B2 T B3 B4 B5 I B6 B7 B8 T B9 B10 B11 I
Subscriber data SNDCP head LLC head
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LLC FCS
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RLC/MAC head
Allocation of Wireless Packet Resources

TS 0 B0 B1 B2
B3 B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
TS 1
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
TS 2
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
MS1
MS2
MS3
Wireless resource allocation and wireless transmission adopt the wireless block (BLOCK) as the basic unit. Each PDCH can be used by several MSs; each MS can use multiple PDCHs at the same time. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 75
Basic Conceptions about Radio Block

USF(Uplink State Flag) is sent in all downlink RLC/MAC blocks and indicates the owner or use of the next uplink Radio block on the same timeslot. The USF field is three bits in length
T =3 SF
F=4 US F=4 US F=4 US
DL
F=1 US
F=2 US
F=2 US
F=3 US
F=3 US
F=3 US
F=1 US
F=1 US
F=1 US
B0
9 0 B B1 11 IB
8 TB
B7
UL
5 I B B6
B4
B 3T
B1
I B0
USF=1
MS1
USF=2
MS2
USF=3
MS3
USF=4
MS4
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Basic Conceptions about Radio Block

TBF (Temporary Block Flow) A Temporary Block Flow (TBF) is a physical connection used by the two RR entitiesthe RR entity of the MS and that of the BSS to support the unidirectional transfer of LLC PDUs on packet data physical channels. A TBF is temporary and is maintained only for the duration of the data transfer. TFI (Temporary Flow Identity) Each TBF is assigned a Temporary Flow Identity (TFI) by the network. The TFI field is five bits in length.
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Medium Access Modes

Uplink resource allocation mode Dynamic allocation (supported by all MSs and all networks)
The mobile station detecting an assigned USF value for each assigned PDCH and block or group of four blocks that it is allowed to transmit on that PDCH.
Fixed allocation (supported by all MSs and all networks) Fixed bit mapping is adopted to determine the allocated blocks in the allocation period without an assigned USF. Extended dynamic allocation (optional for the network)
The mobile station detecting an assigned USF value for any assigned PDCH allowing the mobile station to transmit on that PDCH and all higher numbered assigned PDCHs in the same block or group of four blocks.
Downlink resource allocation mode Dynamic allocation and fixed allocation.
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MS Multi-TS Ability
Concept of MS multi-TS ability
Types Type 1: Non-simultaneous TRX Type 2: Simultaneous TRX the multi-TS ability level is 1-29; the bigger the level, the stronger the multi-TS ability. 1~12 (Type 1),up to 4 timeslots in any direction 13~18 (Type 2),ranges between 3~8 timeslots 19~29 (Type 1)
BSS allocates resources according to the MS multi-TS ability, requested QoS and current resource configuration.
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Power Control
Power control can improve the spectrum usage and system capacity as well as reduce MS power consumption. As there is no continuous bi-directional connection in the packet data transmission process, GPRS power control is very complicated. Uplink power control includes open-loop and close-loop power control. About downlink power control, there is no specific definition in protocol. It lies on the BTS and its algorithm needs information about downlink, so downlink power control needs MS sends channel quality reports to BTS.
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Network Control Modes

During the network controlled cell re-selection, the network may request measurement reports from the MS and control its cell re-selection. Hence, three types of mode are defined as follows:
NC0: Normal MS controls NC1: MS control with measurement reports NC2: Network control
The network subsystem must support NC0 and should gradually support NC1 and NC2.
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Network Control Modes

MS NC0 MS NC1
The MS shall send measurement reports to the network
The MS shall perform autonomous cell re-selection
The MS shall perform autonomous cell re-selection
NC2 MR
The MS shall not
MS
Cell re-selection command
BTS
perform autonomous cell re-selection
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Relationship among Location Areas

SGSN1 SGSN2 BSC1 BSC3
BSC2 CELL CELL CELL CELL CELL CELL CELL RA2 CELL RA1 LA1 LA2 CELL RA3
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LAI (Location Area Identification)

MCCMobile Country Code, it consists of 3 digits. For example: The MCC of China is "460" MNCMobile Network Code, it consists of 2 digits. For example: The MNC of China Mobile is "00" LACLocation Area Code, it is a two bytes hex code. The value 0000 and FFFF is invalid For example: 460008C90
MCC
MNC Location Area Identification
LAC
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RAI
Routing area is the sub-set of the location area. In special cases, the two areas are equal The division of the routing area is related with traffic distribution and SGSN processing ability
MCC
MNC
LAC
RAC
Location Area Identification Routing Area Identification
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CGI
CI (Cell Identity): This code uses two bytes hex code to identify the radio cells within a LAI. RAC is only unique when presented together with LAI. CI is only unique when presented together with LAI or RAI. CGI = MCC+MNC+LAC+{RAC}+CI
MCC
MNC
LAC
RAC
CI
Location Area Identification Routing Area Identification CGI
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Relationship among Location Areas

LAI MCC+ MNC+ LAC
LAI
RAI MCC+ MNC+ LAC+RAC

RAI
CGI /CellID MCC+ MNC+ LAC+{RAC}+CI
CGI
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Summary
GPRS System Overview GPRS Achitecture GPRS Network Interfaces & Protocols GPRS Wireless Subsystem GPRS Location Area
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Thank You
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OMQ000001 GPRS Principle

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Circuit Switch (CS)

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Packet Switch (PS)

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GSM Development Evolution

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What is GPRS and EDGE?

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GPRS&EDGE Coding Rate

60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00

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Adjustments to GSM Network

PS Core Network NSS

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Most Popular GPRS Applications

Remote LAN Access File Transfer Job Despatch

Personal Information Service

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Advantages and Disadvantages of GPRS

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CS & PS Logic Structure

MSC/VLR Gs Gb SGSN Gr HLR AUC GPRS Register

Modifications in BSS (GSM Evolves into GPRS)

Upgrade BTS software

Upgrade BSC software

Add new PCU

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Modifications in BSS (GPRS Evolves into EDGE)

Upgrade BTS software and hardware

Upgrade BSC software

Upgrade PCU software

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Modifications in Core NetworkGSM Evolves into GPRS/EDGE

Upgraded GPRS CN equipments

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GPRS System Structure

Abis BTS PCU

SGSN GGSN CN-PS CNDNS BG Other PLMN