Beruflich Dokumente
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Conservation
Subnetting, VLSM,
NAT & RFC1918
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. 3-1
Agenda
172.18.0.1 172.16.0.1
172.18.0.2 172.16.0.2
HDR SADA DATA
10.13.0.0 192.168.1.0
10.13.0.1 172.17.0.1 172.17.0.2 192.168.1.1
8
4
2
1
128
16
64
32
8
4
2
1
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
8
4
2
1
32
16
64
128
64
128
32
16
8
4
2
1
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
8
4
2
1
128
64
32
16
128
64
32
16
Example
Decimal 172 16 122 204
Example 10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100
Binary
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com BSCN v1.0—3-22
IP Address Classes
Class D: Multicast
Class E: Research
Bits: 1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32
0NNNNNNN Host Host Host
Class A:
Range (1-126)
Bits: 1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32
10NNNNNN Network Host Host
Class B:
Range (128-191)
1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32
Bits:
110NNNNN Network Network Host
Class C:
Range (192-223)
1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32
Bits:
1110MMMM Multicast Group Multicast Group Multicast Group
Class D:
Range (224-239)
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com BSCN v1.0—3-24
Host Addresses
172.16.2.1 10.1.1.1
10.6.24.2
E1
172.16.3.10 E0 10.250.8.11
172.16.2.1
172.16.12.12 10.180.30.118
Routing Table
172.16 . 12 . 12 Network Interface
Network Host 172.16.0.0 E0
10.0.0.0 E1
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com BSCN v1.0—3-25
Determining Available Host
Addresses
Network Host
172 16 0 0
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
12
11
10
9
16
15
14
13
N
10101100 00010000 00000000 00000000 1
00000000 00000001 2
00000000 00000011 3
...
...
...
11111111 1111110165534
11111111 1111111065535
11111111 1111111165536
- 2
2N-2 = 216 -2 = 65534 65534
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com BSCN v1.0—3-26
Subnetting‑Why Subnet?
…...
172.16.0.0
Network 172.16.0.0
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com BSCN v1.0—3-28
Addressing with Subnets
172.16.3.0
172.16.4.0
172.16.1.0 172.16.2.0
Network 172.16.0.0
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com BSCN v1.0—3-29
Subnet Addressing
172.16.2.200 172.16.3.5
172.16.3.1
E1
172.16.2.2 E0 172.16.3.100
172.16.2.1
172.16.2.160 172.16.3.150
172.16.2.200 172.16.3.5
172.16.3.1
E1
172.16.2.2 E0 172.16.3.100
172.16.2.1
172.16.2.160 172.16.3.150
IP
Address
172 16 0 0
Network Host
Default
Subnet
Mask
255 255 0 0
11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Also written as “/16” where 16 represents the number of 1s
in the mask.
Network Subnet Host
8-bit
Subnet 255 255 255 0
Mask
Also written as “/24” where 24 represents the number of 1s
in the mask.
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com BSCN v1.0—3-32
Subnet Mask without Subnets
Network Host
Network 172 16 0 0
Number
192
224
240
248
252
255
128
254
Network
Number 172 16 2 0
IP
Address
172 16 0 0
Network Host
Default
Subnet
Mask
255 255 0 0
11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Also written as “/16” where 16 represents the number of 1s
in the mask.
Network Subnet Host
8-bit
Subnet 255 255 255 0
Mask
Also written as “/24” where 24 represents the number of 1s
in the mask.
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com BSCN v1.0—3-40
Subnet Mask without Subnets
Network Host
Network 172 16 0 0
Number
192
224
240
248
252
255
128
254
Network
Number 172 16 2 0
192
224
240
248
252
255
128
192
224
240
248
252
254
255
128
254
Network
Number 172 16 2 128
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 128
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 192
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 = 224
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 = 240
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 = 248
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 = 252
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 = 254
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 255
172 16 2 160
255.255.255.192 Mask
Subnet 4
Broadcast
First
Last
172 16 2 160
Subnet
Broadcast
First
Last
172 16 2 160
Subnet
Broadcast
First
Last 7
172 16 2 160
10000000 Subnet 4
Broadcast
First
Last
172 16 2 160
10000000 Subnet 4
10111111 Broadcast
5
First 6
Last
172 16 2 160
10000000 Subnet 4
10111111 Broadcast
5
10000001 First 6
Last
172 16 2 160
10000000 Subnet 4
10111111 Broadcast
5
10000001 First 6
10111110 Last 7
172 16 2 160
172 16 2 160
http://www.telusplanet.net/public/sparkman/netcalc.htm
http://www.chattanooga.net/techsupport/ipcalc/IPAddress.htm
http://ihide.virtualave.net/subnet/subnet.html
http://www.subnetonline.com/subnet/subnet.html
172.16.26.0/24
A
172.16.27.0/24
Routing table
172.16.25.0/24
172.16.26.0/24
172.16.27.0/24
A B
172.16.27.0/24 Routing Table
Routing Table 172.16.0.0/16
172.16.25.0/24
172.16.26.0/24
172.16.27.0/24
A C B
172.16.7.0/24 A C B 172.16.9.0/24
EIGRP Advertises
EIGRP Advertises
172.16.0.0/16
172.16.0.0/16