EARTH MAT DESIGN CALCULATION FOR 33 KV S/STN for M/s Sukhbir Agro Energy Ltd, Shahjahanpur, U.P.

1. The Average Soil Resistivity measured as : 2. Design Calculation are based on IEEE80-2000. 3. Maximum Symmetrical Fault current :

86.31 Ohm mtr. 31.5 kA

4. Duration of Fault : For Earth Mat Design for HV S/Stn. Is to be considered as 1 Sec. For the purpose of determining the Safe Step & Mesh Potential a duration of .5 Sec is considered. 5. Maximum GRID Current DF = 1.05 (Decrement factor for entire duration) SF = 0.8 split factor Ig = 31.5 KA (Single Line to Ground Fault) IG = Df x Sf X Ig = 31.5 x 1.05 x 0.8 = 26.46 KA.

6. Calculations of Conductors Size of Sub-Soil Ground Area : A = IG 1 (TC x 10-4) Logn (KO+Tm) (TCxRxPR) (KO+Ta) 1 (3.28 x 10-4) Logn (605+1500) (3x0.0016x15.9) (605+40)

= 26.46 x

= 370.35 sq.mm Recommended Size of GI Flat = 400 Sq.mm Dia = 0.02257 mt Dy = Dx = Nx = Ny = = 50 x 8 mm2

Spacing between // Conductors on shorter side Spacing between // Conductors on Longest side

= 1 mt. = 1 mt.

No. of sub-soil ground conductors on shorter side = 12 No. of sub-soil ground conductors on longest side = 33

N = 33*12 = 19.89

Control Room: Nx = 6+1= 7 Ny = 6+1= 7 N= (Nx x Ny )= (7 x 7) = 7 Area of Switchyard (31.8 x 10.4) Area fo Control Room (6 x 6 ) Total Area : : : 330.72 sq. Mtr. 36 sq. Mtr. 366.72 sq. Mtr.

Avg. Spacing = 1 mt Dep. Of Burial = 0.6 mt Equivalent Dia of Strip = d2/A = 400mm2 = 0.02257 mt Dia = 0.02257 mt 7. Calculation for Resistance of Earth Mesh

Rmesh =

}]

= 86.31 ( 1___+ 1_____ ( 1 + 1 ) 1045.3 20x366.72 1+0.6 20/ 366.72 = 1.974 Hence, the resistance is more than 1 , The DESIGN IS NOT SAFE. More earth rods to be provided to bring down resistance to less than 1 ohm.

Resistance of Grounding Rod R = [ logn (8L/d)-1] 2L 86.31 [ logn (8x 3/0.040)-1] 2 x 3 24.724 d= 0.04 mtr

8. Actual Mesh Potential E mesh actual =( Pa x Ig x Km x Ki) Lt Km = 1(logn (D) + (D+2h) - h) + Ki/kh logn ( 8 2 (16hd 8Dd 4d) (2n-1) )

Km1 = 1(logn (D) + (D+2h) - h) 2 (16hd 8Dd 4d) Client = 1 (logn [ (1) + (1+2x0.6) 2 (16x0.6x0.02257) 8x1x0.02257 -

D= 1 mtr, N= 19.89

0.6 ) 4x0.02257)

1__ logn (8/ (2x19.89 1) 1.264 = 0.168

Ki = .656+.172*19.89= 4.07

E mesh actual =( Pa x Ig x Km x Ki) Lt = 86.31 x 26.46 x .168 x 4.07 1045.3 = 1493.42 Volts 9. Emesh Tolerable = 165+ 0.25 x 3000 0.707 10. Actual Touch Potential = = = 1294 Volts

(Ig x km x k2 x P)/ L 86.31 x 26.46 x .168 x 4.07 1045.3 = 1493.42 Volts

E Touch tolerable = (1000 + 1.5Cs x 3000) x 0.157/ts = (1000 + 1.5 x 0.873 x 3000) x 0.116/ 0.707 = 808.63 V Cs= 1-0.106 [ 1-(136.7/3000)/2x0.6+0.106] = 0.873
E touch Actual = 1493.42 V, Hence design is safe.

11. Es =

Attainable Step Voltage (Actual Step Potential) Ks x Ki x P x I Lt 1 (1 + 1 + 1 ( 1- 0.5) n-2 ( 2h D+h D

Ks =

Ks =

1 3.142

(1 + ( 2x.6

1 2+.6

+ 1 ( 1- 0.5) 19.89-2 2

Ks Ki

= .3183(.833+.384+.9999) = .7056 = 4.07

Actual STEP Potential (Estep) = 86.31X26452X0.7056X4.07 1045.3 = 6272.3 Volts

Tolerable E step = (1000 + 6Cs x 3000) x 0.116/ts Cs= 1-0.106 [ 1-(136.7/3000)/2x0.6+0.106] = 0.873 E touch tol. = (1000 + 6(0.873) x 3000) x 0.116/0.707) = 2742.32 V
Since the Actual Step Potential is not less than tolerable Step Potential, hence design is not safe.

12.

E-STEP at Fencing E Step actual = (Pa x Ig x Ks x Ki) Lt Ks = 0.7056 Ki = 4.07 = 0.7056 x 4.07 x 86.31 x 26.452 1045.3

= 6222.58 Volts

Estep Fencing Tolerable

= 165 + Pa/ts = 165+86.31/.707 = 355.459 volts

Since E-Step fencing Actual is more than E-Step fencing tolerable, then fencing shall be earthed separately with 4 Nos. Earth Rods at each corner of fencing.

13.

Sustained Earth Fault current Ip= (9+.0135XCsXPs)Lt/Km x Ki x P =(9+.0135X.873x3000x1045.3 )/(0.168*4.07*86.31) = 785.65 Amp

The Relay clearing ground fault shall be set to a minimum Pick up current below the sustained earth fault current.

14.

Equipment Earthing Each equipment will be provided double earth with 50 x 8mm GI Strip. This will be connected to Main Earth Mat. 200 mt Extra M.S. Flat 50 x 8 mm to be added for risers. Length of conductor 20% margin for corrosion :
31.8 x 12 + 10.4 x 33 Control Room : Total Area Length of Rods Total Length : : = 724.8 x 1.2 mtr = 869.76 sq. mtr = (42 + 42) x 1.2 = 100.8 sq. mtr = 970.56 sq. mtr 25 x 3 = 75 970.5 + 75

15.

= 1045.3 mtr

16.

Grid Potential Rise (GPR) 26.452 x 1.974 = 52.216 kV

GPR is more than 5 KV & hence the design is not safe. Hence more earth rods will be provided to bring down GPR less than 5 kV.

Annexure-A
INPUT PARAMETERS

1. Symmetrical fault current

= 31500Amp = 31.5 KA

2. Fault current diversion factor = 0.8 3. Duration of fault current for Short current rating = 3 Sec 4. Duration of shock current for determining allowable body current = 0.5sec 5. Surface gravel layer resistivity = 3000 m 6. Soil resistivity = 86.31 m 7. Surface layer thickness = 100mm 8. Depth of Burial of earth material = 0.6 mtrs 9. Max length in X direction = 31.8 mts 10. Max length in Y direction = 10.4 mts 11. No. of long conductors = 12 nos 12. No. of short conductors = 33 nos 13. Equivalent Dia of conductors = 0.02257 14. X Section of earth mat = 50 x 8 mm 15. Dia of 3 mtr. Long ground rods 16. Average Spacing = 1 mt. = 40 mm

17. Area of S/W Yard (31.8 * 10.4) + 36 = 366.72 sq.mtr. 18. Total length of strip = 1045.3 mts 19. Resistance of grounding rod = 25.739 20. Resistance of grid = 1.974

AMPACITY CALCULATIONS

1. Type of conductors = Mild Steel 2. Ref Temp for material constants = 20C 3. Thermal coefficient of resistivity r = 0.0016/C 4. Fusing temp of conductor = 1510C

5. Ambient Temp = 40C 6. Resistivity of conductor at Ref temp = 15.9 u m 7. Thermal capacity / Unit volume Tcap = 3.283 J/Cm3 C

8. Ko = 605 9. Time duration for sizing of Earth Mat conductor = 3sec 10. Current sizing of Earth Mat Conductor = 26, 452 Amp. 11. Fault Level 12. Soil Resistivity 13. GPR 14. Resistance of grid 15. Av. Spacing = 31.5 kA = 86.31 m = 52.216 kV = 1.974 = 1mtr. = 6 Nos.

16. Extra Rods for Earthing of Fencing 3mtr x 40mm 17. Total Rods 18. Size of Main Electrodes 19. Emesh (Actual) 20. (Tolerable) = 1493.42 V = 1294 V = 6272.3 V = 2742.32 V (Actual) (Tolerable) = 6222.58 V = 3554.59 V = 785.65 Amp.

= 25 + 6 = 31 Nos. = 3 mtr. X 40 mm dia

21. Estep (Actual) 22. (Tolerable)

23. Estep at Fencing 24.

25. Sustained Earth Fault Current 26. Fault Level = 31,500 A

27. Duration of shock for determining allowable body current = 0.5 sec 28. Max. Grid current = 26.452 kA