ABRUPTIO PLACENTA

Abruptio placenta is premature separation of the normally implanted placenta. Is common in multigravidas. May be classified according to the degree of placental separation & its severity

ETIOLOGY/CAUSES: Advanced Maternal Age Short Umbilical Cord Vasoconstriction from Cigarette Sudden Release Of Amniotic Fluid High Parity Direct Trauma

RISK FACTORS: Uterine anomalies Multiparity Preeclampsia 0r hypertension Previous placental abruption Trauma to the abdomen Abnormalities in the uterus Short umbilical cord

PATHOPHISIOLOGY: - Primary Cause is unknown - Blood vessels at the placental bed rupture spontaneously due to lack of resiliency or to abdominal changes in uterine.

- An enlarge uterus, which cant contract sufficiently to seal off the torn vessels, & the hypertension complicate the situation

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS: Abdominal pain Back pain Frequent uterine contractions Uterine contractions with no relaxation in between Heavy Vaginal Bleeding.

TYPES OF PLACENTAL SEPARATION

MILD SEPARATION -Mild separation begins with small areas of separation & internal bleeding between placenta & uterine wall.

MODERATE SEPARATION - Moderate separation develop abruptly or progress from mild to extensive separation with external hemorrhage

SEVERE SEPARATION -With severe separation, external hemorrhage occurs, along with shock and possible fetal cardiac distress.