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RETRACTORS

(A) Mayo, (B) Cerebellum, (C) Gelpi, (D) Janson Mastoid, (E) Spring Wire, (F) Volkman Rake
Rake-Sharp,
(G) Green Goiter, (H) Army
Army-Navy, (I) Richardson-Eastman,
Eastman, (J) Deaver, (K) Sweetheart

A retractor is a surgical instrument by which a surgeon can either actively separate the edges of a
surgical incision or wound, or can hold back underlying organs and tissues, so that body parts under
the incision may be accessed. Retractors are used for holding the incision open to provide exposure
to thesurgical site. Smaller types held by the fingers or hands retract skin and subcutaneous tissue
in shallow surgical areas. Larger, heavier models retract muscle tissue and organs in deeper surgical
sites. The two are each available in many shapes, sizes, and styles. The general term retractor
usually describes a simple handheld steel tool possessing a curved, hooked, or angled blade fitted
with a comfortable handle, that when in place maintains the desired position of a given region of
tissue. These simple retractors may be handheld, clamped in situ, or suspended at the end of a
robotic arm. The term retractor is also informally used, though, to describe the distinct, handhand-
cranked devices such as rib spreaders (also known wn as distractors) with which surgeons may
forcefully drive tissues apart to obtain the exposure.

Some retractors are held in place by an assistant while the surgeon completes the procedure, while
self-retaining
retaining retractors require no assistant to hold the
them. Self-retaining
retaining retractors are held open
by their own action and may be used in conjunction with the hand held retractors. Examples of
retractors: Richardson- Eastman, Mayo, Jansen Mastoid, Weitlaner, Cerebellum, Gelpi, Volkman
Rake, Green Goiter, Army-Navy,
avy, Deaver. The retractor was invented by Abu al-Qasim,
al an Islamic
physician, over 1000 years ago

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