Fixed Wing Performance

1.
0.2
1.2
0.15
Drag Coefficient ~ (CD)
Lift Coefficient (CL)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.05
-0.2
-5
5
10
Angle of Attack ~ deg
15
20
0
-0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Lift Coefficient ~ (CL)
1.2
1.4
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
Basic drag polar
Basic drag polar

0.1
0.09
0.08
0.01 increase in lift-independent drag
0.07
10% increase in efficiency
Drag Coefficient (CD)
0.1
0.09
0.01 increase in lift-independent drag
0.08
0.07
10% increase in efficiency or aspect ratio
or aspect ratio
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Lift Coefficient Squared (CL^2)
0.8
0.9
0.11
0.024
0.1
0.022
Lift-Independent Drag Coefficient (CDo)
0.09
0.08
0.07
M < 0.8
0.06
0.05
M = 0.95
M = 0.925
M = 0.9
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.018
0.016
0.014
0.012
0.02
0.01
0.1
0.01
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Mach Number (M)
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Mach Number (M)
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.45
0.8
Maximum Lift Coefficient (CLmax)
Lift-Dependent Drag Factor (K)
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.05
0
0.2
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Mach Number (M)
0.7
0.8
0.9
5500
5000
4500
4000
Total Drag
Drag ~ N
3500
3000
Parasite or Lift-Independent Drag
2500
2000
1500
Induced or Lift-Dependent Drag

1000
500
80
100
0.2
120
140
160
Equivalent Airspeed (Ve) ~ KEAS
180
200
1.2
14
Lift to Drag Ratio (CL/CD)
12
10
0
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.016
0.8
0.012
Lift-Dependent Drag Factor (K)
Lift-Independent Drag Coefficient (Cdo)
0.014
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.002
0
0
0.5
1.5
Mach Number (M)
2.5
0.5
1.5
Mach Number (M)
2.5
0.5
1.5
Mach Number (M)
2.5
12
10
8
0.6
Max L/D Ratio
Max Lift Coefficient (CLmax)
0.8
0.4
0.2
2
0
0
0.5
1.5
Mach Number (M)
2.5
350000
Lift = 173845 N
S = 49.2 m^2
300000
Drag (D) ~ N
250000
30 , 000 ft
200000
150000
Sea Level
100000
50000
0
0
0.5
1.5
Mach Number (M)
2.5
220000
200000
Lift = 173845 N
S = 49.2 m^2
180000
160000
Drag (D) ~ N
140000
120000
Sea Level - Compressible
100000
Sea Level - Parabolic
80000
60000
30 , 000 ft - Compressible
40000
20000
30 , 000 ft - Parabolic
0
0
0.5
1.5
Mach Number (M)
2.5
80000
Alt = 30 , 000 ft
70000
Lift = 173845 N
S = 49.2 m^2
60000
Drag (D) ~ N
50000
40000
Compressible
Induced
30000
Incompressible
20000
10000
Compressible
Lift-independent
Incompressible
0
0
0.5
1.5
Mach Number (M)
2.5
250
695381
Lines of constant W/d
S = 49.2 m^2
521535
Drag (D) ~ kN
200
150
100
347690
50
173845
0
0
0.5
1.5
Mach Number (M)
2.5
Propeller Efficiency
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
True Airspeed (Vt) ~ KTAS
160
180
200
600
Power Available
500
Power (Pr) ~ kW
400
Power Reqd
300
K1 Vt^3
200
100
K2 / Vt
0
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
40000
35000
Referred Fuel Flow (w / ) ~ lb/hr
Lines of Constant W/d

30000
25000
200k
20000
160k
15000
120k
10000
80k
5000
40k
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Mach Number (M)
0.6
0.7
0.8
5
80
Specific Range (SR) ~ nmi/litre
Brake Power Required For Level Flight (BP) ~ kW
100
60
40
20
1
Vbe
Vbe
Vbr
Vbr
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
20
40
60
80
100
120
50
0.04
0.035
40
0.03
Specific Range (SR) ~ nmi/lb
Referred Fuel Flow (wf/....) ~ 1000 lb/hr
45
35
30
25
20
15
0.025
0.02
0.015
0.01
10
0.005
5
Mbe
Mbe
Mbr
Mbr
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Mach Number (M)
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.6
Mach Number (M)
0.8
25
20
Fuel Flow (lb/hr) ~ w_f
Headwind = 25 kt
Nil wind
15
Tailwind = 25 kt
10
Vbr in wind
0
-40
-20
20
40
60
80
100
2200
32.0k lbf
2000
Lines of constant W/d
25.6k lbf
1600
1400
19.9k lbf
1200
1000
12.8k lbf
800
600
Line of max RF
6.4k lbf
400
200
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Mach Number (M)
0.25
0.3
1900
1800
Maximum Range Factor (RF_max) ~ nmi
Referred Fuel Flow ~ lb/hr
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Referred Weight (W/d) ~ lbf
30000
35000
2400
200
2200
180
2000
Power Available (Prop)
160
Thrust Available (Turbojet)
Power (Pr) ~ kW
Thrust (T) ~ N
140
1800
Thrust Available for Climb
1600
1400
Power Available for Climb

120
100
80
1200
60
1000
Thrust Required For Level Flight

(Level Flight Drag)
Power Required For Level Flight
40
(Level Flight Drag Power)
800
20
40
60
80
100
120
True airspeed (Vt) ~ KTAS
140
160
180
40
60
80
100
120
True airspeed (Vt) ~ KTAS
140
160
180
11
Maximum Normal Load Factor (n_z_max) ~ g
10
K increasing
9
8
K decreasing
7
Structural Limit
6
5
4
3
Aerodynamic Limit
2
1
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
50
450
45
400
40
Maximum Turn Rate (w_max) ~ deg/sec
Minimum Turn Radius (r_min) ~ m
500
350
Altitude
300
15k ft
Aerodynamic Limits
250
Structural Limits
10k ft
5k ft
200
SSL
150
100
50
Altitude
35
30
25
Structural Limits
SSL
5k ft
10k ft
15k ft
20
15
Aerodynamic Limits
10
5
0
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
7
Instantaneous Structural Limit
Maximum Normal Load Factor (n_z_max)
Instantaneous Aerodynamic Limit
Sustained Limit - SSL

Sustained Limit - 5k ft
0
60
80
100
120
140
Equivalent Airpseed (Ve) ~ KEAS
160
180
400
Minimum Turn Radius (r_min) ~ m
350
5k ft
300
250
Instantaneous Aerodynamic Limits
200
SSL
150
Sustained Power Limits
100
50
0
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
35
Maximum Turn Rate (w_max) ~ deg/sec
30
Instantaneous Aerodynamic Limits
Sustained Power Limits
25
SSL
20
5k ft
15
10
0
80
100
120
140
6
60
4
SSL
3
25k ft
160
180
4
SSL
3
15k ft
25k ft
15k ft
0
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
80
80
Freestream C_d_i = 0.0643
70
70
60
60
50
50
Height AGL ~ ft
Height AGL ~ ft
Freestream C_L = 1.099
40
30
40
30
20
20
10
10
0
1.09
1.1
1.11
1.12
1.13
Lift Coefficient (C_L)
1.14
1.15
1.16
0
0.058
0.059
0.06
0.061
0.062
0.063
Induced Drag Coefficient (C_d_i)
0.064
0.065
80
Engine Output = 150 kW
Turbojet , 70 kN SSL Static Thrust
Fixed Pitch Propeller , 1.8m dia
75
Net Thrust (F_n) ~ kN
Propeller Thrust (T) ~ kN
70
65
60
1
55
50
0
20
40
60
80
100
True Airspeed (V_t) ~ KTAS
120
140
160
50
100
150
200

Fixed Wing Performance

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Verfügbare Formate

Fixed Wing Performance

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Copyright:

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1.

Lift Coefficient (CL)

Basic drag polar

0.01 increase in lift-independent drag

10% increase in efficiency

Drag Coefficient (CD)

Drag Coefficient (CD)

0.01 increase in lift-independent drag

10% increase in efficiency or aspect ratio

Drag Coefficient (CD)

Lift-Dependent Drag Factor (K)

Induced or Lift-Dependent Drag

Lift to Drag Ratio (CL/CD)

Lift-Dependent Drag Factor (K)

Lift-Independent Drag Coefficient (Cdo)

Max L/D Ratio

Max Lift Coefficient (CLmax)

Sea Level - Compressible

Sea Level - Parabolic

Referred Fuel Flow (w / ) ~ lb/hr

Lines of Constant W/d

Brake Power Required For Level Flight (BP) ~ kW

Referred Fuel Flow (wf/....) ~ 1000 lb/hr

Fuel Flow (lb/hr) ~ w_f

Referred Fuel Flow ~ lb/hr

Power Available (Prop)

Thrust Available (Turbojet)

Power Available for Climb

Thrust Required For Level Flight

Power Required For Level Flight

(Level Flight Drag Power)

Maximum Normal Load Factor (n_z_max) ~ g

Maximum Turn Rate (w_max) ~ deg/sec

Minimum Turn Radius (r_min) ~ m

Maximum Normal Load Factor (n_z_max)

Instantaneous Aerodynamic Limit

Sustained Limit - SSL

Minimum Turn Radius (r_min) ~ m

Instantaneous Aerodynamic Limits

Maximum Turn Rate (w_max) ~ deg/sec

Instantaneous Aerodynamic Limits

Sustained Power Limits

Maximum Normal Load Factor (n_z_max)

Freestream C_L = 1.099

Fixed Pitch Propeller , 1.8m dia

Net Thrust (F_n) ~ kN

Propeller Thrust (T) ~ kN

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