Poc1on-na-ony

onnvc
20l0
AKKOPL
AH FHTAPL
Vnono-mo1opnnocvoo nocono
VHEBHLE HOCOBHH H MH
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K 787
EEK 85.315.3
KTK 861
A39
AKKOPL AH FHTAPL : cnanonnnv : ynono-mo1opnnocvoo nocono
, coc1. B. HanAonvo. - Poc1on n, : onnvc, 20l0. - ll9 , [l c. - (Vnonwo no-
cons pAs MH).
Knnra nopc1anAso1 coo cnanonnoo n ynonoo nocono no coc1any, c1oo-
nn n camoc1os1oArnomy noc1oonn cxom aaAnnnwx avvopon pAs rn1aw.
E no copoxn1cs 20 1aAn co cxomamn oAoo l000 avvopon vav pAs avvomna-
nnonanns nonn nop rn1ay c ncnoAraonannom acon, 1av n pAs nrw mopna1o-
om nnomom ac n ancamAo.
Hapanno accnn1ano na camw mnovn vyr rn1anc1on, ynamnxcs myaw-
vaArnwx mvoA, ynac1nnvon camopos1oArnwx ov n cc1apnwx ancamAo, xoAa-
mnx acmnn1r cnon ananns o avvopax pAs rn1aw.
Coc1anAonno, oao1va B. HanAonvo, 20l0
OqomAonno, OOO onnvc, 20l0
ISBN 978-5-222-17757-0
VK ?8?
BBK 85.3l5.3
ISBN 978-5-222-17757-0
A39
Coc1ann1oAr
HanAonvo Bonc MnxaAonnn
AKKOPL
H IHTAPL
Cnpooouuuu
O1no1c1nonnw opav1o C. Ocnouoo
Xypoxnnv A. Eopnouoo
Koov1o H. Co+oroouuuo
Komnr1onas noc1va E. Huuuu
Hopnncano n nona1r 29.0?.20l0. oma1 60x84,8.
Bymara oqco1nas. Hona1r oqco1nas. Tnax 2000 cva.
Bavaa N
OOO onnvc
344082, r. Poc1on-na-ony, no. XaA1ynncvn, 80
1. (863) 26l-89-?5
O1nona1ano c ro1onwx pnanoan1nnon n OAO opona 1yponoro Kacnoro
Bnamonn "Hoxoncvn noAnraqnnocvn vomnna1"
l42300, Hoxon Mocvoncvo oAac1n
Ho1noo napanno
Cons Vnonwo nocons pAs MH
CocvannvoAn: E. HanAonuo
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Coopnanno
O1 an1oa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
l. Hn1onaAw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. Avvopw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3. Ooananonno anyvon no yvnonno cnc1omo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l0
4. Toanynns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l0
5. Con1avvopw n nonavvopw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l3
6. Cxomw naoaxonns avvopon rn1aw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l8
?. Cxomw ocnonnwx 1oanynn n maAwx maxonwx con1avvopon (pomnnan1con1-
avvopon) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
8. Cxomw c1anpa1no annAnva1yw ocnonnwx maxonwx, mnnonwx 1oanynn
n pomnnan1con1avvopon, ncnoAnsomwx nnomom oArmoro ac . . . . . . . . 26
9. Oamonno avvopon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3l
l0. Cxomw avvopon, ncnoArayomwx pAs avvomnanomon1a nonn nop rn1ay n
ocnonnom nnpo n oamonnsx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
ll. Cxomw pyrnx avvopon, ncnoArayomwx pAs avvomnanomon1a nonn nop
rn1ay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
l2. Camoc1os1oArnoo noc1oonno cxom avvopon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
l3. Vnponmavvopw n 1oponmavvopw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
l4. Cxomw avvopon na aavw1wx c1ynax, ncnoArayomwx pAs avvomnannonanns
mopna1oom n ancamAsx. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
l5. Cnopnwo 1aAnw avvopon c1anpa1no annAnva1yw, ncnoAnsomwo nno-
mom ac na aavw1wx c1ynax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ll0
l6. 0nramonnam avvopon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ll4
l?. Hoc1oonno aaAnnnwx avvopon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ll6
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4
Ov anvopa
01a vnnra accnn1ana na 1ox rn1anc1on, vo1owo xoAa1 oAoo nopono oanavo-
mn1rcs no 1oArvo co cxomamn avvopon n nx yvnonno-nqonwm ooananonnom, no n
nons1r anyvono coc1an, c1oonno n nannAa noc1oonns c1nx cxom. OnAaponmno 1avn-
mn anannsmn ypy1 ymo1r cnoopno ncnoAraona1r avvopw n aaAnnnwx 1onaArnoc1sx
c ocnonnwmn n ncnomora1oArnwmn acamn, n1o ononr naxno pAs rn1anc1a nn avvom-
nannonannn nonn nop rn1ay.
E noconn pao1cs 20 aaAnnnwx 1aAn, copoxamnx ovoAo l000 cxom avvopon,
oAoo noAonnnw na vo1owx ncnoAray1cs pAs na1nn n1m-rn1aw n ov n cc1apnwx
ancamAsx.
H1ow nana1r naynonno c1oonns aaAnnnwx avvopon, nooxopnmo oanavomn1rcs
c nn1onaAamn, oa ananns vo1owx nav1nnocvn nonoamoxno ocnoonno c1oro ma1on-
aAa. Hoc1omy nama vnnra nannnao1cs c aapoAa o nn1onaAax.
B. HanAonvo
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5
1. HnvopnaAm
E myawvo nnvopnaAom naawnao1cs nwco1noo coo1nomonno pnyx c1ynono, 1o oc1r
anyvon, nmomnx onopoAonnoo naananno. Hnxnn anyv nn1onaAa naawnao1cs oro
ocnonannom, noxnn - nopmnnon. Bnyvn, nas1wo nocAopona1oArno, oaay1 moAo-
nuocunn nnvopnaA, a nas1wo opnonomonno - rapmonnuocunn nnvopnaA. Hn1onaAw
xaav1onay1cs pnyms noAnnnnamn:
l. Hnpnnon (nAn voAnnoc1nonno, c1ynonono noAnnnno);
2. Kauocvnom (1onono noAnnnno).
Cvynononax noAnunna yvaawnao1 voAnnoc1no c1ynono, aavAnonnwx n nn1onaAo.
Tav vav n maxonom n mnnonom Aapax no nocomr c1ynono, 1o n ocnonnwx (noc1wx)
nn1onaAon 1oxo nocomr. E 1oonn myawvn nn1onaAw naawna1 cAonamn n ooanana1
nqamn.
Hannmo:
nnma covynpa 1ons vna1a vnnn1a covc1a con1nma ov1ana
Iamonnnocvno nn1onaAw o1 anyva po nnox:
nnma covynpa 1ons vna1a vnnn1a covc1a con1nma ov1ana
Tononax noAnunna nn1onaAon xaav1onayo1cs voAnnoc1nom 1onon moxpy oro
anyvamn n ooananao1cs nanaArnwmn yvnamn cAon: maAas, oArmas, ynoAnnonnas,
ymonrmonnas.
Hannmo:
m. 2 - maAas covynpa;
. 3 - oArmas 1ons;
n. 5 - nnc1as vnnn1a;
yn. 4 - ynoAnnonnas vna1a;
ym. ? - ymonrmonnas con1nma;
n 1. p.
MoAopnnocvno nn1onaAw o1 anyva po nnox:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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6
Ooanauonno Haananno KoAnuocvno
vonon
n. l nnc1as nnma 0
m. 2 maAas covynpa
l
,
2
1.
. 2 oArmas covynpa l 1.
m. 3 maAas 1ons l
l
,
2
1.
. 3 oArmas 1ons 2 1.
n. 4 nnc1as vna1a 2
l
,
2
1.
n. 5 nnc1as vnnn1a 3
l
,
2
1.
m. 6 maAas covc1a 4 1.
. 6 oArmas covc1a 4
l
,
2
1.
m. ? maAas con1nma 5 1.
. ? oArmas con1nma 5
l
,
2
1.
n. 8 nnc1as ov1ana 6 1.
TaAna nnvopnaAon
TaAna l
VnoAnnonnwmn nAn ymonrmonnwmn snAs1cs 1o nn1onaAw, vo1owo copoxa1
oArmoo nAn monrmoo voAnnoc1no 1onon, nom yvaaano n no.uuc 1. Hannmo, ocAn
vna1a copoxn1 2 1ona nmoc1o 2
l
,
2
, 1o c1o ypo1 ymonrmonnas vna1a. HAn, ocAn y
vnnn1w 4 1ona nmoc1o 3
l
,
2
, 1o c1o ynoAnnonnas vnnn1a, n 1. p.
Kav xo onopoAs1r nn1onaAw no vanoc1ny? As c1oro nyxno noc1on1r nn1onaA,
nopcnn1a1r voAnnoc1no copoxamnxcs n nom 1onon n no 1aAno (oo nyxno ana1r na-
nayc1r) onopoAn1r, n1o c1o aa nn1onaA no vanoc1ny.
Hannmo, onopoAn1r nn1onaA n oro vanoc1no moxpy anyvamn po n mn l- ov-
1anw. Mw anaom, n1o c1o nn1onaA 1ons (anyv mn - 1o1n no cno1y o1 anyva po).
Hopcnn1wnaom voAnnoc1no 1onon moxpy anyvamn (po - o - l 1on, o - mn - l 1on, n1o-
ro: 2 1ona). Ho no.uuc 1 onopoAsom, n1o ocAn nn1onaA 1ons copoxn1 2 1ona, 1o
c1o oArmas 1ons: . 3.
1ons
l 1on l 1on
H1oro: 2 1ona
yro nnmo. OnopoAn1r vanoc1no nn1onaAa moxpy anyvamn coAr l- ov-
1anw n o 2- ov1anw. 01o nn1onaA vnnn1a (anyv o - ns1w no cno1y o1 anyva
coAr nnox). Hopcnn1wnaom voAnnoc1no 1onon (coAr - As - l 1on, As - cn - l 1on,
cn - po -
l
,
2
1ona, po - o - l 1on, n1oro: 3
l
,
2
1ona). Ho no.uuc 1 onopoAsom, n1o
c1o nnc1as vnnn1a: n. 5.
vnnn1a
l 1on l 1on
l
,
2
1ona l 1on
H1oro: 3
l
,
2
1ona

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?
Hn1onaAw po ov1anw nvAnn1oArno naawna1cs noc1wmn. Eco nn1onaAw, vo1o-
wo mno ov1anw, naawna1cs coc1annwmn. Onn accma1nna1cs vav cymma ov1anw
c vavnm-Ano noc1wm nn1onaAom. Hannmo, nona (ov1ana - covynpa, nAn covynpa
nooa ov1any) ooananao1cs nqo 9, ponma (ov1ana - 1ons) - l0, ynponma (ov1ana -
vna1a) - ll, pyoponma (ov1ana - vnnn1a) - l2, 1oponma (ov1ana - covc1a) - l3 n 1. p.
As narAspnoc1n noc1onm coc1annwo nn1onaAw o1 no1w po nnox.
nona (9) ponma (l0) ynponma (ll)
pyoponma (l2) 1oponma (l3)
E rn1ano nav1nvo na coc1annwx nn1onaAon n ocnonnom ncnoAray1cs nona (9),
ynponma (ll) n 1oponma (l3).
As rn1anc1a ononr naxno naynn1rcs c1on1r aaAnnnwo nn1onaAw o1 Aoro
anyva, 1av vav n yvnonno-nqono cnc1omo ooananonns avvopon nac1o ncnoAray-
o1cs aanncr yvn n cono1annn c nqonwmn ooananonnsmn aaAnnnwx nn1onaAon.
Hannmo, C
?
, D
6
, Em
?-5
, F
?
-5
, Hma]
?-5
, A
-5
, F m
-9
, A
?
-3
, O
?
sus
4
, Cm
?
(add ll, l3) n 1. p.
Kav napo c1on1r nn1onaAw?
As nnmoa noc1onm maAy 1on o1 anyva coAr nono ov1anw nnox. Ton-
o o1 no1w coAr nnox ypo1 no1a cn (1o1rs no1a no cno1y).
Tonor onopoAnm vanoc1no c1oro nn1onaAa, pAs noro nopcnn1aom voAnnoc1no 1onon,
copoxamnxcs n nom (coAr - As - l 1on, As - cn - l 1on, n1oro: 2 1ona).
1ons
l 1on l 1on
H1oro: 2 1ona
Ho maAas 1ons poAxna copoxa1r l
l
,
2
, a no 2 1ona. Bnann1, nam napo cyan1r c1o1
nn1onaA na noAy1on. A 1av vav cpnnra1r ocnonanno nn1onaAa (no1y coAr, o1 vo1o-
o mw oro c1onAn) mw no moxom, 1o nam nooxopnmo nonnan1r no1y cn na noA1ona, 1o
oc1r noc1ann1r noop no anav omoAr. Tonor mw noAynnAn 1oyomw nn1onaA - ma-
Ay 1on (m. 3).
m. 3 l 1on
l
,
2
1ona
H1oro: l
l
,
2
1ona

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8
Emo opnn nnmo. Hoc1onm oArmy 1on o1 anyva mn nono ov1anw nnox.
To1ro c1ynonr o1 no1w mn nnox ypo1 no1a coAr. Tonor onopoAnm vanoc1no
nn1onaAa, pAs noro nooxopnmo nopcnn1a1r voAnnoc1no 1onon, copoxamnxcs n nom
(mn - qa -
l
,
2
1ona, qa - coAr - l 1on, n1oro: l
l
,
2
1ona).
1ons
l
,
2
1ona l 1on
H1oro: l
l
,
2
1ona
Ho nam nooxopnmo noc1on1r oArmy 1on, vo1oas copoxn1 no l
l
,
2
, a 2
1ona. Bnann1, nam napo acmnn1r c1o1 nn1onaA na noA1ona. A 1av vav cpnnra1r ocno-
nanno nn1onaAa (no1y mn, o1 vo1oo mw oro c1onAn) mw no moxom, 1o nam nooxo-
pnmo nonwcn1r no1y coAr na noA1ona, 1o oc1r noc1ann1r noop no anav pnoa. Tonor
mw noAynnAn 1oyomw nn1onaA o1 anyva mn - oArmy 1on (. 3).

l
,
2
1ona l
l
,
2
1ona
H1oro: 2 1ona
. 3
Tonor, vorpa nw oanavomnAncr c aaAnnnwmn nn1onaAamn, moxno nooxopn1r v
aapoAy o c1oonnn avvopon. Hn c1om ocoonno nac1o nam nonapos1cs 1avno nn1o-
naAw, vav maAas n oArmas 1onn.

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9
2. Auuopm
CAono auuop (o1 n1aArsncvoro occorJo nAn qanyacvoro occorJ - corAacno) ooa-
nanao1 conmoc1noo anynanno nocvoArvnx (no monoo 1ox) anyvon, aanwx no nwco1o,
naanann n nanAovaomwx, vav nannAo, opnonomonno. Hamo ncoro nc1ona1cs av-
vopw voponoro cvpoonnx, 1o oc1r oaaonannwo na anyvon 1avnx naanann, vo1owo
acnoAoxonw no 1onsm nAn mory1 w1r acnoAoxonw no 1onsm n oayAr1a1o ov-
1annoro noomomonns anyvon, nannmo:
Bnyvn avvopa acnoAoxonw no no 1onsm, no n o-
ayAr1a1o ov1annoro noomomonns nx moxno acnoAoxn1r
no 1onsm.
PacnoAoxonno avvopon 1oonoro c1oonns no 1onsm naawnao1cs cxa1wm ac-
noAoxonnom avvopa. Avvopw 1oonoro c1oonns poAs1cs na 1oanynns, con1avvo-
pw, nonavvopw, ynponmavvopw n 1oponmavvopw. Bannmom c1n avvopw na
no1nom c1ano pAs nnmoa c nnxno no1o po.
As paArnomoro naynonns avvopon nooxopnmo naynn1r nannAa ooananonns
anyvon myawvaArnoro anyvospa no yvnonno cnc1omo.
Bnyvn avvopa acnoAoxonw no 1onsm.
Vnponmavvop. Avvop na moc1n anyvon. Hn1onaA moxpy
vannmn anyvamn ynponma (ll).
Honavvop. Avvop na ns1n anyvon. Hn1onaA moxpy va-
nnmn anyvamn nona (9).
Con1avvop. Avvop na no1wox anyvon. Hn1onaA moxpy
vannmn anyvamn con1nma (?).
Toponmavvop. Avvop na comn anyvon. Hn1onaA mox-
py vannmn anyvamn 1oponma (l3).
Toanynno. Avvop na 1ox anyvon. Hn1onaA moxpy va-
nnmn anyvamn vnnn1a (5).

11

13
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l20
3auAmuonno
E c1o vnnro nw noAynnAn nco camwo nooxopnmwo cnoponns o avvopax, ncnoAr-
ayomwx vav pAs avvomnannonanns nonn nop rn1ay c ncnoAraonannom ocnonnwx n
ncnomora1oArnwx acon, 1av n avvopax, ncnoAnsomwx nnomom ac na aavw1wx
c1ynax mopna1oom n nnc1ymon1aArnwx ancamAsx oa ncnoAraonanns acon.
Tonor n vanoc1no nav1nvyma no ocnoonn n o1ao1vo noAynonnwx anann nw
moxo1o ncnoAraona1r cAopymno nanncannwo mno ynono-mo1opnnocvno nocons,
napannwo n Poc1ono-na-ony (nap. onnvc):
- ynmno xn1w yccvoro ova n cc1apw nop rn1ay (nwn. l-5);
- Pyccvn ov. KoAAovns xn1on nop rn1ay (nwn. l-4);
- Pyccvn ov. l00 cynoxn1on nop rn1ay;
- nmwo omancw nop rn1ay (nwn. l-2);
- Pyccvno naopnwo nocnn nop rn1ay (nwn. l-2);
- HonyAsnwo pnoonwo nocnn nop rn1ay (nwn. l-2);
- HonyAsnwo nocnn na vnnoqnArmon nop rn1ay n p.
Eoamoxno ncnoAraonanno n pyro myawvaArno An1oa1yw no avvomnannona-
nn na rn1ao.
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