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Introduction
WiFi (IEEE -802.11b) and WiMax (IEEE-802.16e) have captured our attention. As there is no recent developments which transfers data at a faster rate, as video information transfer taking lot of time. This leads to introduction of Gi-Fi technology. It offers some advantages over WiFi, a similar wireless technology. In that it offers faster information rate in Gbps, less power consumption and low cost for short range transmissions. Gi-Fi which is developed on a integrated wireless transceiver chip. In which a small antenna used and both transmitter receiver integrated a on a single chip which is fabricated using the complimentary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. Because of GiFi transfer of large videos ,files will be within seconds.
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2. What is Gi-Fi ?
Gi-Fi or gigabit wireless is the worlds first transceiver integrated on a single chip that operates at 60GHz on the CMOS process. It will allow wireless transfer of audio and video data at up to 5 gigabits per second, ten times the current maximum wireless transfer rate, at one-tenth the cost. NICTA researchers have chosen to develop this technology in the 57-64GHz unlicensed frequency band as the millimeter-wave range of the spectrum makes possible high component on-chip integration as well as allowing for the integration of very small high gain arrays. The available 7GHz of spectrum results in very high data rates, up to 5 gigabits per second to users within an indoor environment, usually within a range of 10 meters. It also satisfies the standards of IEEE 802.15.3C.
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Figure 3.1: IEEE 802.15.3 layers The IEEE 802.15.3C Physical layer is optimized for short ranges, enabling low costs and integration into small consumer devices (eg., flash cards or a pc card). The IEEE 802.15.3C MAC is based on Time division multiplexing scheme. The MAC layer of the Gi-Fi specification includes new features that support advanced usage models, facilitate integration with Wi-Fi networks, reduce power consumption and provide strong security.
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4.1 Beamforming
Use of the 60 GHz band allows extremely fast communication, but also presents the challenge that propagation loss is higher than in the 2.4 GHz &5GHz bands. The Gi-Fi specification addresses this challenge using adaptive beamforming, a technique that enables robust multi-gigabit communications at distances greater than 10 meters. Beamforming employs directional antennas to reduce interference and focus the signal between two devices into a concentrated beam. This allows faster data transmission over longer distances. Support for beamforming is defined within the PHY and MAC layers of the Gi-Fi specification. During the beamforming process, two devices establish communication and then fine-tune their antenna settings to improve the quality of directional communication until there is enough capacity for the desired data transmission. Another key benefit is that if an obstacle blocks the line of sight between two devices - if someone walks between them, for example - the quickly establish a new communications pathway. devices can
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4.2
Network Architecture
The specification defines a new network architecture that enables two
devices to communicate directly with each other, allowing new uses such as rapidly synchronizing two devices and transmitting audio-visual data to a projector or TV.In addition, the specification also supports existing 802.11 network architectures, including the use of a shared access point as in todays Wi-Fi networks.
channels in the 2.4 GHz or 5GHz. This innovation enables seamless fallback to 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz Wi-Fi if 60 GHz Gi-Fi connectivity is not available. Multiband operation provides a greatly improved user experience. Users with multiband devices will be able to continue accessing the network, without interruption, if their device switches from a 60 GHz to a lower-frequency Wi-Fi channel.
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6. Why 60GHz ?
We use millimeter wave antenna which will operate at 60 GHz frequency which is unlined band .Because of this band we are achieving high data rates energy propagation In the 60 GHz band has unique characteristics that make possible many other benefits such as excellent immunity to co-channel interference, high security, and frequency reuse. Point-to-point wireless systems operating at 60 GHz have been used for many years for satellite-to-satellite communications. This is because of high oxygen absorption at 60 GHz (10-15 dB/Km). This absorption attenuates 60 GHz signals over distance, so that signals cannot travel far beyond their intended recipient. For this reason, 60GHz is an excellent choice for covert communications.
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7. Features of Gi-Fi
The Gi-Fi standard has been developed with many objectives. These are summarized below:
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interference.
7.4 Cost-effective
Gi-Fi is based on an open, international standard. Mass adoption of the standard, and the use of low-cost, mass-produced chipsets, will drive costs down dramatically, and the resultant integrated wireless transceiver chip which transfers data at high speed low power at low price $10 only which is very less as compared decreased. to present systems .As go on development the price will be
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Figure 8.1: Gi-Fi access devices This figure shows some of the different types of Gi-Fi access devices. This diagram shows that access devices include network termination units, internal radio modules, network interface cards, printers, PCs, all house hold electronic appliances on communication devices.
9. Applications
There are many usage scenarios that can be addressed by Gi-Fi. The following are some mobility usage applications of Gi-Fi.
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Figure 9.2: Gi-Fi usage in office As it transfers data at high speeds which made work very easy, it also provides high quality of information from internet.
Figure 9.3: transfer of video from laptop to mobile By using present technologies video swapping takes hours of time, whereas by this we can transfer at a speed of Gbps. Data transfer rate is same for transfer of information from a PC to a cell or a cell to a PC. It can enable wireless monitors, the efficient transfer of data from digital camcorders, wireless printing
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Figure 9.4: Inter-vehicle communication The data exchange between vehicles is made possible by ad-hoc networks. These short-distance connections are spontaneously created between the vehicles as the need arises and can organise themselves without the help of any external infrastructure. Other scenarios where such technology might be useful are if a vehicle encounters a critical situation such as congestion, fog, ice or an accident. It can pass the relevant information on to all affected road users in the immediate vicinity of the danger spot. Traffic approaching from further away is given ample warning and can respond to the situation.
In this spontaneous information network, each vehicle can take on the role of a sender, receiver or router, allowing a chain of information to be built up that is capable of covering a substantial distance.
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