PATHOPHYSIOLOGY RISK FACTORS COPD,HF,DM Immunosuppressed pts Cigarette smoking Alcoholism Advanced age Prolonged immobility General anaesthesia

aesthesia NPO Respy therapy with improperly cleaned instts

impaired lung defenses such as coughing and mucociliary activity pooling of lung secretions bacterial invasion to LRT overwhelms the host defenses inflammatory response occur in the alveoli secretions & mucosal edema exudate formation bronchial occlusion impaired diffusion of O2 and CO2 WBC and neutrophils migrate into the alveoli alveolar occlusion underventilated lung areas PNEMONIA Predominant s/sx headache fever myalgia After few days of exacerbation s/sx of lung consolidation non-productive to productive cough(purulent/blood-tinged) hypotension marked tachypnea & tachycardia SOB & orthopnea,use of accessory muscles central cyanosis