What is a Tandem isolator? It is a isolator where the three pole phases are aligned digonally ie.

all the pole phases are connected one behind another so that the jumpering can be done on the bus bar.

It is a double break isolator which isolates both sides and used in all stations

There is difference between the protection ct and metering CT in operating conditions *The CT using for protection will have to carry the fault currents which are 10 times the normal full load current thats why it is designed at much bellow the saturation point (knee)inorder to aviod saturation. *The CT used for metering will have to carry only full load current thats why it is designed near to knee point. as per accuracy concern the metering Ct should be more accurate under normal operating condition.....i.e under normal operating condition the pretection CT accuracy not imp.......... Two major differences: 1. Accuracy class: Metering needs high accuracy at load current while Protection need not have that high accuracy. 2. Safety Factor: It determines the multiplicity of load current at which the CT saturates. Metering ct should have lesser value so that it saturates before the meters can get damaged due to some abnormality. Protection should have

high value since its main purpose desires the ct to withstand high fault currents to be sensed back to the relays. There is another special class ct that combines the features of both the above used for differential protection. Metering CT : It will function up to full load current only then it will be saturated. It will not follow the CTR Above the full load curent. Take the example of a train, if boggies are connected to engine it will follow the speed of engine but if coupling is broken boggies will not follow the engine. Protection CT : These CTs have to protect against fault hence these CTs are not supposed to saturate during fault current and they should transform secondary current exectly replica of fault current. For example class 5P20 means 5 = % error, P = protection class, 20 means = 20 times of rated current means when 20 times of rated current is flowing through CT the error in sec. current may be +/- 5%. Never connect metering CT for protection purpose as it will saturate during fault and will not provide any protection at all.
how to decide the ratings of the busbar in electrification.give me the proper thumb rule or procedure Answer busbar I = 1.4xtransformer kva # 1 this is apparent power.

busbar I = 1.74xtransformer kva this is for load in kw.

actual this is on low votage i.e., 415v 3phase only. p=1.732xvxI from this we can obtain for different votages and power ratings. v may be 11kv,415,220v etc