PERIODONTAL DIAGNOSIS: DEFINED AS IDENTIFYING DISEASE FROM AN EVALUATION OF HISTORY, SIGNS & SYMPTOMS, LABORATORY TESTS &PROCEDURES.

WASTING DISEASE OF THE TEETH:WASTING IS DEFINED AS AS ANY GRADUAL LOSS OF TOOTH SUBSTANCE CAHARACTERIZED BY THE FORMATION OF SMOOTH, POLISHED SURFACES, WITHOUT OF REGARD TO THE POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF THIS LOSS. EROSION: ALSO CALLED CORROSION, EROSION IS A SHARPLY DEFINED, WEDGE SHAPED DEPRESSION IN THE CERVICAL AREA OF THE FACIAL TOOTH SURFACE.THE LONG AXIS OF THE ERODED AREA IS PERPENDICULAR TO THE VERTICAL AXIS OF THE TOOTH. ATTRITION : IS DEFINED AS OCCLUSAL WEAR RESULTING FROM FUNCTIONAL CONTACTS WITH OPPOSING TEETH.SUCH PHYSICAL WEAR PATTERNS MAY OCCUR ON INCISAL, OCCLUSAL, & APPROXIMAL TOOTH SURFACES. ABRASION : REFERS TO THE LOSS OF TOOTH SUBSTANCE INDUCED BY THE MECHANICAL WEAR OTHER THAN THAT OF MASTICATION.IT RESULTS IN SAUCER-SHAPED OR WEDGE SHAPED INDENTATIONS WITH A SMOOTH, SHINY SURFACES. ABFRACTION : RESULTS FROM OCCLUSAL LOADING SURFACES CAUSING TOOTH FLEXURE & MECHANICAL MICROFRACTURES & TOOTH SUBSTANCE LOSS IN THE CERVICAL AREA. BIOLOGIC DEPTH (HISTOLOGIC DEPTH) : IT IS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE GINGIVAL MARGIN & THE BASE OF THE POCKET. CLINICAL/PROBING DEPTH : IS THE DISTANCE TO WHICH AN AD HOC INSTRUMENT (PROBE)PENETRATES INTO THE POCKET. INTERDENTAL CRATERS: ARE SEEN AS IRREGULAR AREAS OF REDUCED RADIOOPACITY ON THE ALVEOLAR BONE CRESTS.CRATERS ARE NOT SHARPLY DEMARCATED FROM THE REST OF THE BONE, TH WHICH THEY BLEND GRADUALLY. RISK: IT IS THE PROBABILITY THAT AN INDIVIDUAL WILL DEVELOP A SPECIFIC DISEASE IN A GIVEN PERIOD WHICH MAY VARY FROM ONE INDIVIDUAL TO ANOTHER. RISK ASSESMENT: INVOLVES IDENTIFYING ELEMENTS THAT EITHER MAY PREDISPOSE A PATIENT TO DEVELOPING PERIODONTAL DISEASE OR MAY INFLUENCE PROGRESSION OF DISEASE THAT ALREADY EXISTS. TANGIBLE BENEFITS: ARE THOSETREATMENT OUTCOMES THAT REFLECTS HOW A PATIENT FEELS , FUNCTIONS, OR SURVIVES.

PROGNOSIS: IS A PREDELICTION OF THE PROBABLE COURSE , DURATION &OUTCOME OF A PARTICULAR DISEASE BASED ON A GENERAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE DISEASE & THE PRESENCE OF RISK FACTORS FOR THE DISEASE.IT IS ESTABLISHED AFTER THE DIAGNOSIS IS MADE & BEFORE THE TREATMENT PLAN IS ESTABLISHED. TREATMENT PLAN: IS THE BLUE PRINT OF THE MANAGEMENT OF OF A CASE & ESTABLISHMENT OF PERIODONTAL HEALTH. REGENERATION: IS NATURAL RENEWAL OF A STRUCTURE, PRODUCED BY GROWTH &DIFFERENTIATION OF NEW CELLS & INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCESTO FORM NEW TISSUES OR PARTS. REPAIR: RESTORES THE CONTINUITY OF THE DISEASED MARGINAL GINGIVA & REESTABLISHES A NORMAL GINGIVA SULCUS AT THE SAME LEVEL ON THE ROOTS AS THE BASE OF THE PREEXISTING PERIODONTAL POCKET. REATTACHMENT: REFERS TO REPAIR IN AREAS OF ROOT NOT PREVIOUSLY EXPOSED TO POCKET, SUCH AS AFTER SURGICAL DETACHMENT OF THE TISSUES OR FOLLOWING TRAUMATICTEARS IN THE CEMENTUM , TOOTH FRACTURES, OR THE TREATMENT OF PERIAPICAL LESIONS. PERIODONTAL RECONSTRUCTION: IS THE TERM USED TO REFER TL THE PROCESS OF REGENERATION OF CELLS & FIBRES & REMODELLING OF THE LOST PERIODONTAL STRUCTURES THAT RESULT IN 1)GAIN OF ATTACHMENT LEVEL. 2)FORMATION OF NEW PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT FIBRES 3)A LEVEL OF ALVEOLAR BONE SIGNIFICANTLY CORONAL TO THAT PRESENT BEFORE TREATMENT. PTYALISM: EXCESSIVE SECRETION OF SALIVA USUALLY BEGIN AT 2-3WKS OF GESTATION & MAY ABATE AT END OF FIRST TRIMESTER. STAGE I HYPERTENSION: DEFINED BY SYSTOLIC PRESSURE OF 140 TO 159MM OF HG OR DIASTOLIC PRESSURE OF 90 TO 99 MM OF HG. STAGE II HYPERTENSION: DEFINED BY A SYSTOLIC PRESSURE GREATER THAN 160MM OF HG OR DIASTOLIC PRESSURE GREATER THAN 100MM OF HG. ANGINA PECTORIS: OCCURS WHEN MYOCARDIAL OXYGEN DEMAND EXCEEDS SUPPLY, RESULTING IN TEMPORARY MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE: IS A CONDITION IN WHICH THE PUMP FUNCTION OF HEART IS UNABLE TO SUPPLY SUFFICIENT AMOUNT S OF OXYGENATED BLOOD TO MEET THE BODYS NEEDS. INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS: IS A DISEASE IN WHICH MICROORGANISMS COLONIZE THE DAMAGDE ENDOCARDIUM OR HEART VALVES. CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS: PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN OLDER INDIVIDUALS IS USUALLY REFFERED.

AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS: CAUSES RAPID DESTRUCTION OF THE PERIODONTAL ATTACHMENT APPARATUS & THE SUPPORTING ALVEOLAR BONE. ACUTE NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE GINGIVITIS: RESULTS FROM AN IMPAIRED HOST RESPONSE TO A POTENTIALLY PATHOGENIC MICROFLORA. ACUTE HERPETIC GINGIVOSTOMATITIS: PRIMARY INFECTIONS WITH HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS IN THE ORAL CAVITY RESULTS IN A CONDITION KNOWN AS ACUTE HERPETIC GINGIVOSTOMATITIS, WHICH IS AN ORAL INFECTION OFTEN , ACCOMPANIED BY SYSTEMIC SIGNS &SYMPTOMS. PERIODONTAL ABSCESS: ITS AN INFECTION LOCATED CONTIGUOUS TO THE PERIODONTAL POCKET & MAY RESULT IN DETRUCTION OF PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT & ALVEOLAR BONE. GINGIVAL ABSCESS: ITS A LOCALIZED ACUTE INFLAMMATORY LESION THAT MAY ARISE FROM AN VARIETY OF SOURCES INCLUDING MICROBIAL PLAQUE INFECTION, TR AUMA, & FOREIGN BODY IMPAVTION. PERICORONAL ABSCESS: IT RESULTS FROM INFLAMMATION OF SOFT TISSUE OPERCULUM WHICH COVERS A PARTIALLY ERUPTED TOOTH. DISCLOSING AGENTS: THESE ARE SOLUTIONS OR VAPOURS CAPABLE OF STAINING BACTERIAL DEPOSITS ON THE SURFACE OF TEETH, TONGUE AND GINGIVA. PERIODONTAL PROBES: THESE ARE USED MEASURE THE DEPTH OF POCKETS AND TO DETERMINE THEIR CONFIGURATION. EXPLORERS: THESE ARE USED TO LOCATE SUBGINGIVAL DEPOSITS AND CARIOUS AREAS & TO CHECK THE ROOT SURFACES AFTER ROOT PLANING. CURRETES: ITS THE INSTRUMENT OF CHOICE FOR REMOVING DEEP SUBGINGIVAL CALCULUS,ROOT PLANING ALTERDED CEMENTUM & REMOVING THE SOFT TISSUE LINING OF PERIODONTAL POCKET. ADAPTATION: IT REFERS TO THE MANNER IN WHICH THE WORKING END OF PERIODONTAL INSTRUMENT IS PLACED AGAINST THE SURFACE OF TOOTH. ANGULATION:REFERS TO THE ANGLE BETWEEN FACE OF BLADED INSTRUMENT & TOOTH SURFACE,ALSO CALLED TOOTH-BLADED RELATIONSHIP. LATERAL PRESSURE: REFERS TO THE PRESSURE CREATED WHEN FORCES APPLIED AGAINST THE SURFACE OF TOOTH WITH THE CUTTING EDGE OF THE BLADED INSTRUMENT. SCALING: ITS A PROCESS BY WHICH PLAQUE & CALCULUS ARE REMOVED FROM THE SUPRAGINGIVAL & SUBGINGIVAL TOOTH SURFACES. ROOT PLANING: PROCESS BY WHICH RESIDUAL EMBEDDED CALCULUS &PORTIONS OF CEMENTUM ARE REMOVED FROM THE ROOTS TO PRODUCE A SMOOTH ,CLEAN HARD SURFACE.

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS: ITS A GENERAL TERM FOR A CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE THET PROVIDES A CLINICAL THERAPEUTIC BENEFIT,THIS TERM DOESNT SPECIFY IN WHAT WAY THE AGENT ATTAIN A CLINICAL BENEFIT. OCCLUSAL ADJUSMENT: ALSO CALLED AS OCCLUSAL EQUILIBRIATION OR CORONAL PLASTY,ITS THE SELECTIVE RESHAPING OF OCCLUSAL SURFACES WITH THE GOAL OF ESTABLISHING STABLE NONTRAUNATIC OCCLUSION. GINGIVAL CURRETAGE: CONSISTS OF REMOVAL OF INFLAMMED SOFT TISSUES LATERAL TO POCKET WALL. GINGIVECTOMY: MEANS EXCISION OF GINGIVA,BY REMOVING POCKET WALL. GINGIVOPLASTY: ITS THE RESHAPING OF GINGIVA TO CREATE PHYSIOLOGIC GIBGIVAL CONTOURS WITH THE SOUL PURPOSE OF RECOUNTOURING THE GINGIVA IN THE ABSENCE OF POCLETS. PERIODONTAL FLAP : ITS A SECTION OF GINGIVA & OR MUCOSA SURGICALLY SEPARATED FROM THE UNDERLYING TISSUES,TO PROVIDE VISIBILITY OF AN ACCESS TO THE BONE & ROOT SURFACES. OSSEOUS SURGERY : DEFINED AS THE PROCEDURE BY WHICH CHANGES IN THE ALVEOLAR BONE CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED TO RID IT OFF DEFORMITIES INDUCED BY PERIODONTA; DISEASE PROCESS OR OTHER RELATED FACTORS SUCH AS EXOSTOSES &TOOTH SUPRAERUPTION. OSTEOPLASTY: IT REFERS TO RESHAPING THE BONE WITH OUT REMOVING TOOTH SUPPORTING BONE. OSTECTOMY: INCLUDES THE REMOVAL OF TOOTH SUPPORTING BONE. FURCATION: IT IS AN AREA OF COMPLEX ANATOMIC MORPHOLOGY THAT MAY BE DFFICULT OR IMPOSSIBLE TO DEBRIDE BY ROUTINE PERIODONTAL INSTRUMENT. HEMI-SECTION: IT IS SPLITTING OF TWO ROOTED TOOTH INTO TWO SEPARATE PORTIONS,THIS PROCESS HAVE BEEN CALLED BICUSPIDIZATION OR SEPARATION,BECAUSE CHANGES THE MOLAR INTO TWO SEPARATE ROOTS. PERIODONTAL PLATIC SURGERY: IS DEFINED AS THE SURGICAL PROCEDURES PERFORMED TO CORRECT OR ELIMINATE ANATOMIC DEVELOPMENTAL OR TRAUMATIC DEFORMITIES OF GINGIVA OR ALVEOLAR MUCOSA. FRENECTOMY: ITS A COMPLETE REMOVAL OF FRENUM INCLUDING ITS ATTACHMENT TO UNDERLYING BONE & MAY BE REQUIRED IN THE CORRECTION OF AN ABNORMAL DIASTEMA BETWEEN MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISORS. FRENOTOMY: IT IS THE INCISION OF FRENUM. MICROSURGERY: IT IS DEFINED AS A REFINEMENT IN SURGICAL TECHNIQUE BY WHICH VISUAL ACUITY IS INCREASED USING A MICROSCOPE WITH MAGNIFICATIONS EXCEEDING 10X.