31687m4a Performa Service Manual Jun2000

Performa, Alpha RT, Alpha IQ, Alpha ST, Alpha III
Service Manual
June 2000 31687-4AM
PLACE FOR OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS PLACE FOR INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
TROUBLESHOOTING AND ERROR MESSAGES REPAIR INSTRUCTIONS
SCHEMATICS
SERVICE MANUAL FOR ALPHA IQ/RT/ST/III AND PERFORMA Notes/Cautions/Warnings Update Information Service Manual Contents COPYRIGHT 8 2000 by Instrumentarium Imaging Documentation, trademark and the software are copyrighted with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws the documentation may not be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable form in whole or part, without the prior written permission of Instrumentarium Imaging. The original language of this manual is English. Instrumentarium Imaging reserves the right to revise this publication from time to time and to make changes in the content of it without obligation to notify any person of such revision or changes. Microsoft, MS-DOS and Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States of America and other countries.
MANUFACTURED BY:
Instrumentarium Corporation Imaging Division P.O.Box 20 FIN-04301 Tuusula FINLAND Tel. +358-10-394 6500 Fax. +358-10-394 6501 e-mail: mammo@fi.instrumentarium.com Internet: http://www.instrumentarium.com/imaging
Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III
Service Manual
NOTES/CAUTIONS/WARNINGS NOTE! ONLY ENGINEERS TRAINED BY INSTRUMENTARIUM ARE ALLOWED TO SERVICE THE UNIT. PARTS INSTALLED BY NONTRAINED PERSONNEL CARRY NO WARRANTY! ALWAYS CHECK FOR PROPER SEATING ON ALL THE CONNECTORS LOCATED IN THE AREAS YOU HAVE WORKED. EQUIPMENT DAMAGE CAN RESULT IF POWER IS APPLIED OR EXPOSURES MADE WITH IMPROPERLY SEATED CONNECTORS!
CAUTION!
WARNING! ALWAYS INSTALL THE PROPER FUSES INTO THE UNIT. FAILURE TO DO SO JEOPARDIZES PATIENT, OPERATOR AND EQUIPMENT SAFETY. (SEE TABLE IN REPAIR SECTION)! WARNING! THIS UNIT HAS FLOATING GROUNDS. ALWAYS MAKE ALL SCOPE MEASUREMENTS DIFFERENTIALLY AND ALWAYS BE CAREFUL WHEN SERVICING THE UNIT! CAUTION! WHEN HANDLING CIRCUIT BOARDS, ALWAYS UTILIZE GROUND WRIST STRAPS OR GROUNDING KITS TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO THE "MOS" TYPE CHIPS. ALWAYS KEEP CIRCUIT BOARDS IN A STATIC PROOF BAG. WARNING! ALWAYS DISCONNECT THE UNIT FROM LINE SUPPLY BY REMOVING THE PLUG FROM WALL OUTLET BEFORE OPENING THE COVERS.
WARNING! THE X-RAY TUBE UTILIZES A BERYLLIUM WINDOW. DO NOT PERFORM ANY OPERATIONS ON BERYLLIUM WHICH PRODUCE DUST OR FUMES, SUCH AS GRINDING, GRIT BLASTING OR ACID CLEANING. BERYLLIUM DUST OR FUMES ARE HIGHLY TOXIC AND BREATHING THEM CAN RESULT IN SERIOUS PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH. WARNING! THIS X-RAY UNIT MAY BE DANGEROUS TO PATIENT AND OPERATOR UNLESS SAFE EXPOSURE FACTORS AND INSTRUCTIONS ARE OBSERVED!
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UPDATE INFORMATION From time to time, update sheets will be issued to bring your service manual up-to-date. For ease of updating, the new information will be page for page, or section for section, replaceable. You will also get a new update table so you can check the contents of your manual to verify you have the latest information. You can also check what has been changed from the previous revision. Version: 31687-4AM Manual date: May 2000 Details revisited: 33892 ECS driver board ver. 7.30 ECS Troubleshooting Measurement of the feedback circuitry 31687-4AL January 2000 Section 7 / Schematics Software block diagram 7.30 31687-4AK May 1998 Section 7 / Schematics 32305 AMD board ver. 3.0 32220 Inverter board ver. 1.3 32245 CPU board ver. 1.3 33270 SMD AEC board ver 1.1 33035 C&Z driver board ver 1.4 Software block diagram 7.29
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31687-4AJ
November 1996
Section 7 / Schematics Main wiring diagram Casopto 33280 board OPTIPOINT board
AEC Display OPTIPOINT 33275
SMD AEC board OPTIPOINT 33270 5V Power Supply board (Only ST) 32962 Sensor 32735 31687-4AI 31687-4AH 31687-4AG 31687-4AF 31687-4AE 31687-4AD 31687-4AC 31687-4AB 31687-4AA 31687-4A October 1995 February 1995 December 1994 May - June 1994 December 1993 February 1993 February 1993 March 1992 March 1992 March 1992 Details C&Z Drive Board (33035) SW 7.xx, New service program menu New type generator SW 5.09, INF-mode, Print mode Details Details Section 7 (Bucky control) Section 7 (Pulse, Base, Power boards) New manual board OPTIPOINT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
3 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION .......................................................................... 3-1 3.1 3.2 SOFTWARE BLOCK DIAGRAM ........................................................... 3-1 KEYBOARD FUNCTIONS ...................................................................... 3-1 3.2.1 Main modes (nor-, SER- and Pr -mode)............................................ 3-1 3.2.2 Program (Pr) mode ........................................................................... 3-3 3.2.3 Service program menu...................................................................... 3-4 3.2.3.1 SETUP-mode (SUP and Par programs; see 3.1) .................... 3-7 3.2.3.2 Calibrations (see section 7 software block diagram) .............. 3-8 3.2.3.3 Diagnostics (see 3.1)........................................................... 3-10 3.2.3.4 Integrated Quality Control History...................................... 3-10 3.2.3.5 AEC adjustment parameters................................................ 3-11 3.3 USING THE SERIAL PORT IN FOR COMMUNICATION ............... 3-15 3.3.1 The Cable....................................................................................... 3-15 3.3.2 Communication protocol ................................................................ 3-16 3.3.3 Data formats................................................................................... 3-16 3.4 THEORY OF OPERATIONS................................................................. 3-19 3.4.1 Process controller ........................................................................... 3-19 3.4.1.1 The CPU BOARD .............................................................. 3-19 3.4.2 User interface ................................................................................. 3-21 3.4.2.1 Switch and microswitch reading.......................................... 3-21 3.4.2.2 Collimator lamp operation .................................................. 3-21 3.4.2.3 Cassette sensing CASOPTO BOARD ................................. 3-22 3.4.2.4 Cassette holder sensing CSENSE BOARD ......................... 3-22 3.4.3 X-RAY GENERATION AND CONTROL .................................... 3-23 3.4.3.1 INVERTER BOARD.......................................................... 3-24 3.4.3.2 The high voltage unit .......................................................... 3-27 3.4.3.3 mA generation timing ......................................................... 3-28 3.4.3.4 FILAMENT CONTROL BOARD ...................................... 3-28 3.4.3.5 Anode motor drive AMD BOARD...................................... 3-32 3.4.3.6 Mains transformer............................................................... 3-32 3.4.3.7 Energy storage capacitor..................................................... 3-32 3.4.3.8 Motor phase shift capacitor................................................. 3-32
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3.4.3.9 Tube housing assembly........................................................3-32 3.4.3.10 X-ray tube bias circuit (M101G)........................................3-32 3.4.4 Motor control..................................................................................3-34 3.4.4.1 Motor control - general........................................................3-34 3.4.4.2 C&Z DRIVER BOARD ......................................................3-34 3.4.4.3 Back up release ...................................................................3-36 3.4.4.4 Anode motor .......................................................................3-37 3.4.4.5 Bucky motor .......................................................................3-37 3.4.5 Automatic exposure control (AEC) .................................................3-38 3.4.5.1 AEC - general......................................................................3-38 3.4.5.2 The Detector .......................................................................3-38 3.4.5.3 AEC BOARD......................................................................3-38 3.4.5.4 The CPU .............................................................................3-39 3.5 DESCRIPTION OF CONTROL ELECTRONICS ................................3-40 3.5.1 Mains transformer and SUPPLY board ...........................................3-40 3.5.2 CPU board ......................................................................................3-40 3.5.3 DISPLAY BOARD.........................................................................3-42 3.5.4 C&Z-DRIVER BOARD .................................................................3-42 3.5.5 CD-BOARD ...................................................................................3-43 3.5.6 C-ARM CONTROL BOARD .........................................................3-43 3.5.7 C-ARM DISPLAY BOARD ...........................................................3-44 3.5.8 ECS DRIVER BOARD...................................................................3-44 4 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE........................................................................ 4-1 4.1 X-RAY TUBE PERFORMANCE CHECK.............................................. 4-1 4.1.1 Half-value layer (HVL) measurement .............................................. 4-1 4.1.2 Tube efficiency check on the cassette holder .................................... 4-2 4.1.3 Focal spot measurement procedure .................................................. 4-3 4.1.4 Image quality evaluation procedure.................................................. 4-5 4.1.5 Measurement of the feedback circuitry............................................. 4-7 4.2 AUTOMATIC EXPOSURE CONTROL EVALUATION ...................... 4-8 4.2.1 Quick AEC test................................................................................ 4-8 4.2.3 Object thickness compensation ........................................................ 4-8 4.2.2 kV compensation ............................................................................4-10
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4.3
MECHANICAL CHECKS...................................................................... 4-11 4.3.1 Compression system....................................................................... 4-11 4.3.2 C-arm rotation brake ...................................................................... 4-11 4.3.3 Column and carriage....................................................................... 4-11 4.3.4 Compression force checking........................................................... 4-11 4.3.5 Testing the x-ray field illumination................................................. 4-11
TROUBLESHOOTING & ERROR MESSAGES ............................................... 5-1 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Error message chart................................................................................... 5-1 Useful information to have when calling for assistance............................ 5-2 E.01 Error message explanation................................................................ 5-3 E.02 Error message explanation................................................................ 5-4 5.4.1 Testing of the new Performa, Alpha generator.................................. 5-5 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 5.27 5.28 5.29 5.30 5.31 5.32 5.33 5.34 5.35 5.36 5.37 5.4.2 Testing of the old Alpha generator.................................................... 5-6 E.03 Error message explanation................................................................ 5-7 E.04 Error message explanation................................................................ 5-8 E.05 Error message explanation (software 5.08 and higher).................... 5-9 E.06 ERROR MESSAGE EXPLANATION............................................. 5-9 E.07 ERROR MESSAGE EXPLANATION............................................. 5-9 E.08 ERROR MESSAGE EXPLANATION........................................... 5-10 E.09 Error message explanation (PERFORMA, RT/IQ) ....................... 5-10 E.10 Error message explanation.............................................................. 5-10 E.11 Error message explanation.............................................................. 5-11 E.12 Error message explanation.............................................................. 5-11 E.r1 Error message explanation.............................................................. 5-11 E.r2 ERROR MESSAGE EXPLANATION ........................................... 5-11 E.r3 Error message explanation.............................................................. 5-11 E.r4 Error message explanation.............................................................. 5-12 E.r5 Error message explanation.............................................................. 5-12 S.Lo Error message explanation ............................................................. 5-12 C.Br Error message explanation (Software 7.27 and up)....................... 5-12 C.bu Error message explanation ............................................................. 5-12 C.CA Error message explanation............................................................ 5-13 C.Ch Error message explanation ............................................................ 5-13 C.Cn Error message explanation ............................................................ 5-14 C.Co Error message explanation............................................................. 5-14 C.ES Error message explanation............................................................. 5-14 C.PS Error message explanation............................................................. 5-14 C.dE Error message explanation............................................................. 5-15 O.FL Error message explanation ............................................................ 5-15 R.EL Error message explanation ............................................................ 5-15 R.ES Error message explanation............................................................. 5-16 (U.FL Error message explanation) not used ........................................... 5-16 S.YS (Software 7.27 and up).................................................................... 5-16 t.OF (Software 7.27 and up) .................................................................... 5-16 E.AF (Software 7.27 and up) ................................................................... 5-17 No power indications ............................................................................... 5-17
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5.38 5.39
AEC Inoperative.......................................................................................5-17 Software diagnostic mode ........................................................................5-18 5.39.1 Entering Diagnostic Mode ..............................................................5-18 5.39.2 Error readout...................................................................................5-18 5.39.3 Switch and signal status display ......................................................5-19
5.40 5.41 5.42 6
SUPPLY VOLTAGES..............................................................................5-20 Grid lines...................................................................................................5-21 ECS Trouble shooting ..............................................................................5-22
REPAIR INSTRUCTIONS .................................................................................. 6-1 6.1 6.2 FUSE RATING / LOCATION CHART................................................... 6-1 COLUMN REPAIR................................................................................... 6-2 6.2.1 Tilt down the column ....................................................................... 6-2 6.2.2 Replacing the floor plate .................................................................. 6-2 6.2.3 Replacing the Z-motor ..................................................................... 6-3 6.2.4 Replacing the column cap ................................................................ 6-4 6.2.5 Replacing the mechanical stopper .................................................... 6-6 6.2.6 Replacing the wires.......................................................................... 6-6 6.2.7 Replacing the counterweight ............................................................ 6-7 6.3 POWER UNIT REPAIR........................................................................... 6-8 6.3.1 Removal and assembly of the rear cover .......................................... 6-8 6.3.2 Replacing the POWER / INVERTER board..................................... 6-8 6.3.3 Replacing other parts ....................................................................... 6-8 6.4 CARRIAGE REPAIR ............................................................................... 6-9 6.4.1 Removal and assembly of the side covers......................................... 6-9 6.4.2 Replacing the mains transformers..................................................... 6-9 6.4.3 Replacing the boards on the electronic plate....................................6-11 6.4.4 Replacing the SUPPLY board.........................................................6-11 6.4.5 Replacing the magnetic brake and its assembly ...............................6-12 6.5 6.4.6 Replacing the MGF DISPLAY board..............................................6-15 C-ARM REPAIR......................................................................................6-16 6.5.1 Removal and assembly of the C-arm covers ....................................6-16 6.5.2 Replacing the handgrips..................................................................6-16 6.5.3 Replacing the brake switch..............................................................6-16 6.5.4 Replacing the vertical drive control switch......................................6-16
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6.5.5 Replacing the x-ray tube................................................................. 6-19 6.5.6 Replacing the high voltage unit ...................................................... 6-19 6.5.7 Replacing the AMD board.............................................................. 6-19 6.5.8 Replacing the compression motor................................................... 6-20 6.5.9 Replacing the compression system.................................................. 6-20 6.5.10 Replacing the compression thickness measurement potentiometer .. 6-20 6.5.11 Replacing the compression force measurement system (str. gages) . 6-20 6.5.12 Replacing the C-arm angulation measurement system (trim pot) .... 6-20 6.5.13 Replacing the cassette holder base cover ........................................ 6-23 6.5.14 Replacing the cassette holder base .................................................. 6-23 6.5.15 Replacing the collimator................................................................. 6-25 6.5.16 Replacing the light field bulb.......................................................... 6-25 6.5.17 Replacing the beam filter mechanism ............................................. 6-26 6.5.18 Replacing the compression display board ....................................... 6-26 6.5.19 Replacing the detector display board .............................................. 6-26 6.5.20 ECS repair...................................................................................... 6-27 7 SCHEMATICS...................................................................................................... 7-1
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PERFORMA, ALPHA SERVICE MANUAL CONTENTS

3 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 3.1 3.2 SOFTWARE BLOCK DIAGRAM
PROGRAM VERSION 7.30 - See Section 7.23
KEYBOARD FUNCTIONS
3.2.1 Main modes (nor-, SER- and Pr -mode) Exposure and other functions are possible only in main modes: nor and, SEr mode. When the power is switched on to the device, the program is in nor(=user)-mode, which functions as explained in this manual. In SEr(=service)-mode certain checks like the presence of the cassette holder, cassette, and diaphragm are bypassed so that service personnel can test the device without any delays. In service mode the kV and mAs display shows the AEC integration time in ms. If the AUTOREL button is pressed the timer display shows the exposure time and the kV display shows the kV (Normally timer display shows SEr). NOTE! A cooling time of 5 to 55 sec. between exposure is implemented also in the service mode. This will protect the unit from not being overloaded during testing.
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The main functions achieved from the panel are listed below. The field "display" indicates what is seen in the display. '&' means simultaneous pressing. KEY kV+ kVmAs+ mAsDEN+ DENAUTOREL AUTOEXP DEN-& kVDEN+ & DEN+ & DEN + & FUNCTION Increase kV Decrease kV Increase mAs, not in AEC, go to IQC Decrease mAs, not in AEC, go to IQC Increase exposure time by 10% Decrease exposure time by 10% Set automatic release on/off In SEr-mode display exp.time Switch between AEC-modes manual DISPLAY kV kV mAs mAs DEN DEN AUTOREL led TIMER and AUTO EXP led, leds for a,b,c TIMER 'Ser'
Switch between SEr- and nor-mode Switch from AEC- to nor-mode
Enter pr- from nor - mode TIMER 'Pr' Enter service program menu from SEr- mAs 'Pr' & mode kV '51' Return to service mode from program TIMER 'Ser' menu
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3.2.2 Program (Pr) mode This mode can be entered from nor- and SEr-mode. Usually this is done when the unit is installed to adjust exposure parameters to the conditions at the site. The preset kV can be programmed in semi AEC mode from 23 to 35 kV for bucky and cassette tunnel, and 25-35 for magnification. The film/screen combinations (FI) are: mAs-display FI1 FI2 FI3 FI4 FI5 FI6 film Min - RE Microvision Min - RE AGFA MR3+ Fuji M-1 HI-Mammo M1 Konica AGFA MR Detail cassette/screen Min - R (Kodak/Kodak) Min - R (Dupont/Kodak) Min - R/Medium AGFA MR Detail Fuji MI-MA
In manual mode default kVs can be programmed from 20 to 35 kV. Pressing AUTOREL sends all the data for all exposures after last RESET to serial port (RS-232). The port can be connected to a printer. Pressing AUTOEXP enters the AEC stations, which can be programmed with the key functions as described below. (In software versions 5.06 and below) KEY kV+ kVmAs+ mAsDEN+ DENDEN+ & AUTOREL AUTOEXP FUNCTION Increase preset kV Decrease preset kV Set film/ screen combination/ mAs in manual mode Set film/ screen combination/ mAs in manual mode Increase internal density Decrease internal density Return to main program DEN DEN all mAs DISPLAY kV kV mAs
Send last exposure data through RS READY-led port Change from AEC channel a -> b -> c corresponding led
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3.2.3 Service program menu Service program menu contains special programs for system setups, calibration and diagnostics. The menu can be entered from service mode by pressing Den+ & Den- buttons simultaneously for approximately one second. In the kV display you will see the program number and in the mAs display the program name. You can scroll the available programs with kV+ and kVbuttons. To enter the desired program press the Autoexp button. Return to the menu from the special programs with Autoexp button. To leave the menu and enter the service mode press density+ and densitybuttons simultaneously. To resume the normal operation (nor-mode) press kV-and densitybuttons simultaneously for 3 seconds. List of special programs: Program # 51 52 53 54* 56* 56* 57 58 59 60 61 62 63* 64* 65* Program name Pr SUP Par CAn* Cfo* Cth* Ano CEC Cin FoC bUC Inf iqc AEC tAr Description Density and default value programming Set up parameter programming Performa, Alpha parameter programming C-arm angle display calibration Compression force display calibration Compression thickness display calibration Anode run test Check error counters Check inputs Focus measurement mode Bucky measurement mode Print Performa, Alpha information Integrated Quality Control Parameters AEC Adjustment Parameters AEC Target time Adjustment
* Performa, Alpha RT/IQ only
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Setup parameters: The unit setup parameters can be altered in two programs: In the setup section (program #52 SUP): A L H i F Compression auto-release time Label type Label text i/o device Default filter selection
In the unit parameter section (program #53 Par) S C r b t I d Serial number of the unit Country code Tube Efficiency mo/rh (mR/mAs) Anode braking mode Mode (Performa/III/ST/RT/IQ) Collimator select C-arm Control board select
The calibration programs: The various measurements and displays can be calibrated in calibration programs: #54 #55 #56 #57 C.An C.fo C.th A.no C-arm angulation display calibration Compression force display calibration Compression thickness display calibration Anode rotation program
The diagnostic programs: The following programs are for system diagnostics: #58 #59 #60 #61 #62 CEC Cin FoC bUC Inf Check error counters Check CPU inputs Focus measurement mode Bucky measurement mode System setup print out
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The Integrated Quality Control program (Software version 7.27 and up): #63 iqc Integrated Quality Control Program
The AEC Adjustment and parameters programs (Software version 7.27 and up): #64 AEC #65 tAr AEC parameters AEC Target Time Adjustment Program
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3.2.3.1 SETUP-mode (SUP and Par programs; see 3.1) Factory installation data (can also be set in the field) has 12 alterable items. Items to be set up are:
parameter DENSITYdisplay Par 1 Par 2 Par 3 Par 4 Par 5 S C r b t range default value description
0-9999 9-16 0-25.5 0-1 1-5 10 0 4
Serial number of the unit Country code mR/mAs output @25kV Separate for Mo/Rh Anode brake mode (1=on/0=off) Mode, (1=AlphaIII, 2=Performa/RT/IQ, (Full-Man), 3=Performa/RT/IQ(SemiMan), 4=Performa/RT/IQ(Full-Semi-Man), 5=Performa/RT/IQ(Semi-Full-Man)). Collimator select (1= interlock, 0= noninterlock) 0=C-arm control board (32310), 1=CDboard (32010) Auto release time, (seconds) Label type (0= print off) Label programming mode 60 ascii chars Serial port mode, (0=no I/O device, 1=printer(1200bd),2=PC(9600bd)) Default beam filter programming, (0=Rhodium, 1=Molybden, 2=previously used, 3= "autofilter": use mAs+/- keys to select the compression distance where filter is automatically changed
Par 6 Par 7 SUP 1 SUP 2 SUP 3 SUP 4 SUP 5
I d A L H I F
0-1 0-1 0-25 0-5 0-60/255 0-2 0-3 (Performa/ RT/IQ) 0-1 (ST)
1 0 6 0 32 0 1
NOTE! NOTE!
Reset the CPU after changing the parameters. Items are updated to EEPROM when kV+, kV- or AUTOEXP-button is pressed. Changing the parameters: Enter the special program menu as described previously and select program #52 SUP or #53 Par with kV+ and kV- buttons. Press Autoexp button to enter the desired program.
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KEY kV+ &kVDEN+ mAs+ DENmAsAutoexp
FUNCTION Scrolls the parameters to be set Increase parameter value
DISPLAY AFF. DEN kV& mAs
ONLY IN "h" Next character kV & mAs position Decrease parameter value ONLY IN "h" character position kV& mAs Previous kV & mAs
Switch back to program menu
Press Autoexp to leave the program and return to the special program menu. To store the new values press Density + and Density - simultaneously until service mode is entered. Press kV- and Density- until normal mode is entered. Cut the power from the mains switch for few seconds. 3.2.3.2 Calibrations (see section 7 software block diagram) C-arm angle display calibration The c-arm angle display can be calibrated with special program #54 CAn. Enter the special program menu as described previously and select program #54 CAn with kV+ and kV- buttons. Press Autoexp button to enter this program. The timer display will show CAn and kV and mAs displays will show to 00. Make sure that the c-arm is in 0 degree angle. Press Autorel; the 0 degree angle is now programmed. The control unit shows to 180. Turn the c-arm to 180 degree angle. If you want to use another angle for calibration you can change the display with density +/- buttons. (You can abort the programming and return to the program menu with Autoexp button). Press Autorel. If the calibration was successful the mAs display will show PAS and you are returned to the program menu. If the calibration did not succeed you will be returned to the beginning and "to 00" will displayed again. Compression force display calibration The compression force display can be calibrated with special program #55 Cfo. NOTE! Make sure the C-arm angle display is calibrated before calibrating the compression force display (Pr #54 Can). Also the offset voltage on C-arm control board must be 500mV when there is no stress on compression paddle.
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Enter the special program menu as described previously and select program #55 Cfo with kV+ and kV- buttons. Press Autoexp button to enter this program. The timer display will show Cfo and kV and mAs displays will show to 50. Make a compression of 50 N. Press Autorel; the 50 N level is now programmed. The control unit shows to 200. Make a compression of 200 N. If you have a different level of compression you can change the display with density +/- buttons. (You can abort the programming and return to the program menu with Autoexp button). Press Autorel. If the calibration was successful the mAs display will show PAS and you are returned to the program menu. If the calibration did not succeed you will be returned to the beginning and to 50 will displayed again. Compression thickness display calibration The compression thickness display can be calibrated with special program #56 Cth. Enter the special program menu as described previously and select program #56 Cth with kV+ and kV- buttons. Press Autoexp button to enter this program. The timer display will show Cth and kV and mAs displays will show to 00. Drive the compression paddle completely down against the bucky. Press Autorel; the 0.0 cm level is now programmed. The control unit shows to 60. Place 60 mm acrylic on the bucky and drive the compression paddle down. If you have 50 mm acrylic you can change the display with density +/- buttons. (You can abort the programming and return to the program menu with Autoexp button). Press Autorel. If the calibration was successful the mAs display will show PAS and you are returned to the program menu. If the calibration did not succeed you will be returned to the beginning and to 00 will displayed again. Anode run voltage calibration The anode run voltage can be adjusted with special program #57 Ano. Enter the special program menu as described previously and select program #57 Ano with kV+ and kV- buttons. Press Autoexp button to enter this program.You can now run the anode motor by pressing the exposure button. The Autorel button can be used to set the anode brake on/off.
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3.2.3.3 Diagnostics (see 3.1) The programs #58 -#62 are for system diagnosis. In Pr #58 CEC the following counters can be checked: # exposures, E01, E02, E03, E04, E06, E07,E08, E09, E10, E11, E12, S.Lo, Er1, Er2, Er3, Er4, Er5, EAF, SYS and Err (last error). KEY AUTOEXP kV+/mAs+ FUNCTION Enter or program quit error count DISPLAY AFF.
Scroll counters Reset the displayed counter kV and mAs
In #59 Cin program all the input-ports can be examined in the input-ports check routine and the following internal counters for errors can be examined and RESET in the error- exposure counter routine: KEY AUTOEXP AUTOEXP DEN+ & FUNCTION Enter input-ports check routine Return to program menu Returns to SEr-mode timer shows"SEr DISPLAY AFF. Lo -> Hi = line ok
For information on #60 FoC focus measurement program refer to section 4.1.3 Focal spot measurement procedure. #62 INF program prints all preprogrammed default values and all programmable tables. THIS DOCUMENT SHOULD BE FILED AND USED AS A BASE ADJUSTMENT DOCUMENT. 3.2.3.4 Integrated Quality Control History In the program #63 iqc, 20 latest IQC correction coefficients can be seen. Scroll with kV+ or kV- . The kV display shows the reference number and the mAs display shows the coefficient. IQC-coefficient is calculated from a formula: New IQC-coefficient = Old density/measured optical density) IQC-coefficient * (Wanted optical
Wanted optical density is defined in the program #64 AEC parameter d. In IQC mode the filter change is not allowed. Filter selection is made in the program #52 SUP parameter F (If F=2 then iqc used filter is molybdenum). The allowed change of the coefficient is 40%, except Germany where 25%. If the change is bigger a C.PS error code is seen.
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3.2.3.5 AEC adjustment parameters Functional description of AEC full automatic mode The initial kV is automatically selected based on the compressed breast thickness. In the beginning of the exposure the first estimation of the exposure time at initial kV is made by measuring the radiation coming through the breast. Based on this, the kV is automatically changed up or down, if necessary, to meet the target time. If the kV is changed, a second estimation of the exposure time at this kV is made by measuring the radiation and the kV is automatically changed again, if necessary, to meet the target time. After the exposure the final kV is displayed. The Auto kV performance can be optimized and configured according to the user preferences. The configurable items are the initial kV (initial kV versus breast thickness table), amount of allowable kV change (Max kV change in Pr-mode, enter from normal mode with Den+/Den- 3sec.) and desired exposure time range (target time). In program #64 AEC, parameter I determines the min/max values for target time. The target time is setup in program # 65 tAr by giving two thicknesses and the respective desired exposure times. The target times for other thicknesses are calculated with linear estimation. The system selects the kV so that the desired target time can be reached. The maximum allowable kV-change is more limiting, however, and thus a different exposure time than the target time may result. Thickness compensation adjustment Software versions 7.27 and greater utilize a thickness compensation method which compensates for variations in optical density (O.D) of the film. The rotation point can be programmed. The amount of rotation and compensation curve slopes below and above the rotation point can be programmed separately. Rotation point P Rotation point is the exposure time where the O.D is adjusted correctly. Thickness compensation is achieved by altering the exposure time around this point. Default value is 1.00. Amount of rotation r1 and r2 Parameters r1 and r2 determine the amount of compensation with exposure times shorter or longer than the rotation point respectively. r1 determines the amount of compensation at the point where exposure time is half the rotation point. r2 determines the amount of compensation at exposure time twice the rotation point. The values of r1 and r2 can vary from 0.70 to 1.30. If the parameter is 1.30 it means that exposure times are increased by 30%. If the parameter is 0.80 it means that the exposure times are decreased by 20% etc. Default values are 1.0 for both.
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Compensation curve slope parameters S1 and S2 Parameters S1 and S2 determine the curve slope for exposure times shorter or longer than the rotation point respectively. S1 determines the slope at the point where exposure time is lower than the rotation point. S2 determines the amount of compensation at exposure time higher than the rotation point. Refer to the curves below for effects of the S parameters. The rotation point is 1.0 seconds and the amount of rotation (r1 and r2) is 0.8, 0.9, 1.1 or 1.2 (= 80%, 90%, 110%, 120%). Default values are 200 for both. Compensation curve slope parameters S1 and S2 Parameters S1 and S2 determine the curve slope for exposure times shorter or longer than the rotation point respectively. S1 determines the slope at the point where exposure time is lower than the rotation point. S2 determines the amount of compensation at exposure time higher than the rotation point. Refer to the curves below for effects of the S parameters. The rotation point is 1.0 seconds and the amount of rotation (r1 and r2) is 0.8, 0.9, 1.1 or 1.2 (= 80%, 90%, 110%, 120%). Default values are 200 for both.
1.4 1.3 1.2
1.4
r2 = 1.1
P = 1.0sec
1
1.1
S = 700 S = 600 S = 500 S = 350 S = 200 S = 100 S = 50 S=0
S = 700 S=0
1.3 1.2
r2 = 1.2
P = 1.0sec
1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6
1.1
0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6
r2 = 0.9
S=0 S = 50 S = 100 S = 200 S = 350 S = 500 S = 600 S = 700

2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
r2 = 0.8
S = 700
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
S=0
1.5
Exposure time / sec.
4.5
Figure 3.1
1.4 1.3 1.2
S = 700 S=0
Effect of parameter S2
1.4 S = 700 1.3 1.2 1.1
S=0
r1 = 1.2
r1 = 1.1 P = 1.0sec
1.1 1 0.9
S = 700
1 0.9
P = 1.0sec
0.8 0.7 0.6

S=0
r1 = 0.9
0.8 0.7
S = 700 0.6 0 0.2 S=0
r1 = 0.8
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.4
0.6
0.8
Figure 3.2
Effect of parameter S1
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In programs #64 AEC and #65 tAr the AEC is adjusted. KEY kV+&DEN+ & FUNCTION Scroll parameters To change the value of the parameter
Parameters to be set in program #64 AEC are: parameter

d h I
range
0.1-2.55 0 /23-35 Small focus: 0.30-10.00 Large focus: 0.30-5.00 0.30-2.55 0.30-1.30 0.30-1.30 0-700 0-700
default value
1.3 27 MIN/MAX (SF): 0.50/5.00 MIN/MAX (LF): 0.50/3.50 1.0 1.0 1.0 200 200 around 1 See table 2.5 in installation manual
description
Wanted optical density (iqc) (only in Performa/RT/IQ) IQC-kV programming (only in Performa/RT/IQ) 0=sensitometry based iqc, 23-35=phantom based iqc. Target time MIN/MAX values in full automatic exposure (only in Performa/RT/IQ). NOTE: Separate target times for different Cassette holder/filter combinations. Thickness compensation parameters. Press autorel to scroll P,r1,r2,S1,S2. Rotation point of compensation curve (Exposure time in seconds where wanted optical density was achieved). Compensation factor for exposure times shorter than P. Compensation factor for exposure times longer than P. Compensation parameter for very short exp times (fine tuning). Compensation parameter for very long exp times (fine tuning). Software gain for optical density adjustment. Replaces the hardware gain trimmer. Automatic kV default tables programming (Only in Performa/RT/IQ)
c P r1 r2 S1 S2 g E
0.20-2.00 23-35
Parameters in program #65 tAr to be set are: 1. Target exposure time for 1.5 cm thick breast (factory default = 0.50 sec.). 2. Target exposure time for 9.5 cm thick breast (factory default = 2.40 sec.). The software calculates the other thicknesses from these values.
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To adjust target times: 1. Go into program #65 tAr (press autoexp) You will see in density display 0, in kV display the compressed thickness and in mAs display the target time for the compressed thickness. You can check the target times for different thicknesses now by driving the paddle. Drive the paddle to 1.5 cm. Press Autorel Change the value with Den +/- buttons (Default 0.50 sec.). Press Autorel to accept Drive paddle to 9.5 cm Change the value with Den +/- buttons (Default 2.40 sec.). Press Autorel to accept. You will see PAS or ERR depending on the new values if they were acceptable or not.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
When to adjust target times: AEC adjustment quick fix guide

Problem No contrast large breasts No contrast small breasts with Probable Reason Full AEC kVs with large breasts too high. full AEC kVs with small breasts too high. Full AEC kVs low Start kV too low and/or maximum allowable kV change too small. Poor connection between CPU and AEC boards. Incorrectly adjusted offset voltages EAf error at start up AEC Action Increase the Target time with large breast thickness. (Pr# 65 tAr program) Increase the Target time with small breast thickness. (Pr# 65 tAr program) Decrease the Target time values Change the full AEC kV table (Pr# 64 AEC parameter E) or Increase the kV change value (Pr mode) Check the cabling. Adjust the AEC board offset voltages. Check the AEC board supply voltages. If you are using the 32315 AEC board with software 7.27 or later, you can remove the capacitor C35 (22F) Check the bucky connection (apply compression) Comments Results in lower kV with large breasts Results in lower kV with small breasts. Low kVs yield long mAs
with
mAs too high, long exposure times O.fl errors or "white images" EAf errors
AEC board supply voltages problems or autozeroing circuit does not work at start up.
"white images"
O.fl, U.fl or C.cn error code
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3.3
USING THE SERIAL PORT IN FOR COMMUNICATION
3.3.1 The Cable For the cable, there are two options because there are two ways to connect a serial port of a PC. Some older models of personal computers use a 25-pin D-connector for serial communications while normally 9-pin connector is used. The cable for both options is illustrated below: Alpha/Performa
Alpha/Performa
Choose either the 9-pin or pin 25-pin version. To see that the communication works properly, you might want to add a pair of LED's between GND and both data lines. This can be done with two 1000 ohm resistors connected in series with the LEDs. The direction of leds is not important because both (input and output) channels have voltage levels from -12 to +12 volt.
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3.3.2 Communication protocol The serial connection is an ordinary asynchronous receiver/transmitter. The serial port is initialized in Performa, ALPHA III/ST/RT/IQ as follows: 1200 baud (9600 baud with 5.09 software and if Dataview is connected) 8 data bits no parity (always 0) 1 stop bit The effect of the 'no parity bit' and the stop bit is a total of two stop bits, so receiving end must be configured correspondingly. The data byte looks the following: START 8-BIT DATA 2 STOP
The data can be received with a communications program (for example Procomm) to PC and be printed afterwards on paper. This might be more convenient than a printer with RS 2 because it is not a standard equipment. 3.3.3 Data formats Performa, ALPHA III/ST/RT/IQ can send two different groups of data: 1) Diagnostic information about the system, like serial number, exposure parameters and number of error situations. This information can be sent to serial channel by pressing AEXP in the diA/inf-mode. This is meant to be sent to either PC or printer. An example of this data is displayed on the next page:
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INSTRUMENTARIUM Imaging, MGF 101/110 information, SW v.7.30, 01-Jan-2000 ======================================================================== DEVICE#: 08224 ALPHA MODE: RT(4) COUNTRY CODE: 010 ANODE BRAKING IS OFF CARM BOARD: MCU RADIATION EFFECIENCY 10.2(Mo), 08.1(Rh) mR/mAs at 25 kV AUTOREL TIME(s): 006 SW gain for AEC-board: 1.00 LABEL TYPE: 000 I/O DEVICE: PRINTER LABEL TEXT IS:
IQC multiplier: 1.00 IQC MODE: NO EXPOSURE WANTED DENSITY: 1.30 DEFAULT FILTER: Molybdenium EXPOSURE COUNTER: 0001276 ERROR CNT: E01 E02 E03 E04 E07 E08 E09 E10 00000 00000 00003 00000 00000 00000 00010 00005 E11 E12 SLO ER1 ER2 ER3 ER4 ER5 EAF SYS 00016 00013 00000 00000 00001 00000 00000 00000 00050 00000 PROGRAMMED VALUES: Full BUCKY(Mo) MAGN(Mo) CONTACT(Mo) kV f/s den kV f/s den kV f/s den A= 00004 00001 00007 00004 00001 00007 00000 00004 00007 B= 00004 00001 00007 00004 00001 00007 00004 00001 00007 C= 00004 00001 00007 00004 00001 00007 00004 00001 00007 BUCKY(Rh) MAGN(Rh) CONTACT(Rh) kV f/s den kV f/s den kV f/s den A= 00004 00001 00007 00004 00001 00007 00004 00001 00007 B= 00004 00001 00007 00004 00001 00007 00004 00001 00007 C= 00004 00001 00007 00004 00001 00007 00004 00001 00007 PROGRAMMED VALUES: Semi BUCKY(Mo) MAGN(Mo) CONTACT(Mo) kV f/s den kV f/s den kV f/s den A= 00027 00001 00007 00027 00001 00007 00027 00001 00007 B= 00027 00001 00007 00027 00001 00007 00027 00001 00007 C= 00027 00001 00007 00027 00001 00007 00027 00001 00007 BUCKY(Rh) MAGN(Rh) CONTACT(Rh) kV f/s den kV f/s den kV f/s den A= 00027 00001 00007 00027 00001 00007 00027 00001 00007 B= 00027 00001 00007 00027 00001 00007 00027 00001 00007 C= 00027 00001 00007 00027 00001 00007 00027 00001 00007 PROGRAMMED VALUES: Man BUCKY(Mo) MAGN(Mo) CONTACT(Mo) kV mAs kV mAs kV mAs 00027 00012 00027 00012 00028 00012 BUCKY(Rh) MAGN(Rh) CONTACT(Rh) kV mAs kV mAs kV mAs 00027 00012 00027 00012 00027 00012 PRINTED VALUES OF DENSITY: 0..14 = -7..+7 FULL-AEC TARGET TIME variables + limits: BUCKY: Mo: 0.25 +0.10 0.50 3.50 BUCKY: Rh: 0.25 +0.10 0.50 3.50 MAGN: Mo: 0.25 +0.30 0.50 5.00 MAGN: Rh: 0.25 +0.30 0.50 5.00 CONTACT:Mo: 0.20 +0.20 0.50 3.70 CONTACT:Rh: 0.15 +0.20 0.40 3.50 THICKNESS COMPENSATION variables: BUCKY: Mo: 1.00 1.00 1.00 250 250 BUCKY: Rh: 1.00 1.00 1.00 250 250 MAGN: Mo: 1.00 1.00 1.00 250 250 MAGN: Rh: 1.00 1.00 1.00 250 250 CONTACT:Mo: 1.00 1.00 1.00 250 250 CONTACT:Rh: 1.00 1.00 1.00 250 250 FULL-AEC kV-TABLES: mm: 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 BUCKY: Mo: 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 25 26 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Rh: 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 25 26 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 MAGN: Mo: 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 28 28 28 29 29 30 30 Rh: 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 28 28 28 29 29 30 30 CONTACT: Mo: 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 25 26 26 27 28 Rh: 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 25 26 26 27 28 EPROM CHECKSUM: Calc = 52255 Set = 52255
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2)
After each exposure the exposure data is sent to serial port if the Lparameter (in SETUP) is > 0. If the L-parameter (in SETUP) is 1 the data is printed on one line, for example:
02693,01429,335,027,00234,7,7,1,100,080,150,001,Rh,0 0123, OK ,B,FULL 02693 01429 335 027 00234 7 7 1 100 080 150 001 Rh 00123 OK B FULL Exposure counter integration time exposure time kV true mAs programmed density density film/screen IQC -multiplier compression thickness compression force angle of C-Arm Filter dose error code technique ( M / N ) exposure mode (SEMI / MAN / IQC)
If the L-parameter (in SETUP) is > 1 the printout is: B Rh 0.02s 28kV 002mAs +0 6.5cm 200N 180^/R 0.06mGy ___/___/___ R1 12345 _________________________ HOSPITALxNAMEx CODExxxxxxxxxx RADIOLOGISTxxx DEPARTMENTxxxx
Explanations: B Bucky / Cassette tunnel / Magnification Rh Rhodium / Molybdenum filter +0 Density correction 28kV kV 002mAs mAs 0.02s Exposure time 6.5cm Breast thickness 200N Compression force 180^/R C-arm tilt angle, ^= degrees (), to the /Right or /Left 0.06mGy Average patient dose ___/___/___ Date is handwritten after printing the label R1 Site of the detector (L1, L2, C1, C2, C3, C4, R1, R2) 12345 Exposure counter, up till 99999 _____________________ Patient name is handwritten after printing the label
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If the L-parameter is 2 the consecutive labels are printed 5 rows apart If the L-parameter is 3 the consecutive labels are printed 3 rows apart L=4 and L=5 include exposure information and are used for testing purposes only.
3.4
THEORY OF OPERATIONS
3.4.1 Process controller 3.4.1.1 The CPU BOARD The CPU board is the heart of Performa, ALPHA III/ST/RT/IQ. It controls every function in the unit, except the ROTATIONAL BRAKE. The 8031 microprocessor on the CPU board controls kV GENERATION ,mA GENERATION (via the FILAMENT CONTROL board) and the rest of the functions through latches and buffers directly and uses a keyboard controller (8279) to handle the control panel.. The I/O-control (latches and buffers) controls the vertical drive motor, compression motor, bucky, anode motor, foot switches, microswitch reading, and the AEC. The 8279 reads and decodes the control panel switches, as well as drives the control panel display. Exposure times in both manual and AEC mode are calculated and controlled by software and the microprocessor.
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COMPRESSION
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3.4.2 User interface 3.4.2.1 Switch and microswitch reading The control panel switches on the PERFORMA, ALPHA III/ST/RT/IQ are configured in a row/column matrix (fig. 3.1) that is strobed and read by the CPU board. D15 on the CPU board is an 8279, which is a keyboard controller. It will strobe each column looking for a return on one of the rows, which it will only find when a switch is pressed. For example, if the circled switch is closed, the resulting timing chart will be as given in fig. 3.2.
S0 S1 S2 S7
S0 S1
R0 R1
S2 S3 S4 S5
R2
S6 S7 R0 R1 R2 R3
R7
This will let the CPU know that the switch S2/R0 is pressed. The software defines that the switch is the kV-button and decreases the kVref on the PULSE board. The hand switch (exposure button) signal is fed through the CPU board to the pulse board where it becomes an enable for the exposure circuitry before it is fed back to the CPU board as signal EXP2 on connector X5 pin 9. This allows the operator to stop the exposure in the event of a CPU board malfunction. 3.4.2.2 Collimator lamp operation When the COMPRESSION DOWN switch is activated, in addition to the CPU turning on the compression motor, it also sends a signal called PROJ RELAY, and starts a software timer. The PROJ RELAY signal is fed to the SUPPLY board where it activates relay K1 turning on the collimator lamp. The lamp is shut off when the timer runs out ( about 8 sec.) or the hand switch is pressed and the exposure sequence is started.
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3.4.2.3 Cassette sensing CASOPTO BOARD Cassette sensing is accomplished by using two (one in optipoint) optical sensors (fig. 3.3). Each sensor has two halves, an infrared source and an infrared detector.
Figure 3.3.
Cassette sensing
The cassette bottom forms the reflective surface needed. There is a green LED which comes on to indicate that the cassette is being sensed and the CASNORsignal is sent to the CPU. 3.4.2.4 Cassette holder sensing CSENSE BOARD The cassette holder sensor has four reed relays in it, three of them (CHL,CHR and K4) are used to decode cassette holders for the CPU. The fourth read relay (CHON) ensures the cassette holder is completely attached. The identification is done with magnets attached to the holders. Cas holder Bucky Mag box Stereotact CHL 1 0 1 0 CHR 1 1 0 0 For small cass. holder and small bucky the K4 is also activated
0 = Not activated 1 = Activated CSense Board:
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3.4.3 X-RAY GENERATION AND CONTROL
X-ray generator block diagram The generator of the unit is a modern, constant power, high frequency, feedback-controlled DC x-ray generator consisting of the following parts: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Inverter board Filament Control board High voltage unit Anode motor drive (AMD) board Mains transformer Energy storage capacitor Tube housing
Technical specifications are: Input power: Output power: Output voltage : Output current : Frequency: Line voltage: IRMS(rest): IRMS(exposure): Ipeak:
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3.4.3.1 INVERTER BOARD The INVERTER Board controls the high voltage (kV) generation. The kV level is digitally set by the CPU board. The Inverter Board contains a high voltage and a low voltage section. The high voltage section is isolated from the low voltage section with pulse transformers TF1, TF2 and relays K1,K2. WARNING! Voltages in the high voltage part of the INVERTER Board are deadly. The peak to peak voltage exceeds 700V in normal operation. High voltage section: The high voltage section consists of a MOSFET transistor H-bridge which converts the rectified line voltage (+310 VDC) into high frequency current. This current is taken to the HIGH VOLTAGE UNIT where it is transformed into high voltage. The inductors L1, L2 and capacitor C8 act as parts of resonant circuit which shapes the bridge current. The RMS value of the current is controlled by the H-bridge's operating frequency. The MOSFET driving pulses are generated at the low voltage section of the board and are provided by the pulse transformers TF1 and TF2. TF3 is a current transformer which monitors the bridge current. If the bridge current exceeds the pre-adjusted current limit the control circuit in the low voltage section turns the MOSFETs off. Timing: The line voltage is applied through the connector X1. When an exposure is initiated, relays K1 and K2 provide the rest of the board with line voltage. Relays K1 and K2 are activated with signals RG1 and RG2 respectively. K1 applies voltage to the bridge rectifier D3 through the current limiting resistor R1 which allows controlled charging of the energy storage capacitor (connected to X2). K2 is activated approximately 0.8 seconds later and provides the circuit with full power. Finally, the activation of the EXPENA signal (TP17) enables the H-bridge drive circuitry. Low voltage section: kV control: The high voltage is regulated by adjusting the H-bridge's operating frequency. This is done by comparing the feedback signal (HVFB) from the high voltage unit with the reference from the CPU BOARD and taking the error signal to the frequency modulator circuit (ICA1, ICA4, ICD1, ICD2). The output is taken to ICA5 and ICA6 which drive the pulse transformers TF1 and TF2.
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EXPENA signal: An exposure is initiated by the CPU BOARD by activation of the EXPENA signal. This enables pulse transformer drivers (ICA5, ICA6) and allows the kV reference signal to rise providing "soft start". TUBEFAIL signal: TUBEFAIL signal is activated if the kVFB signal does not reach the kV reference. This typically occurs during a high voltage breakdown. A SHUTDOWN for the kV control is provided. As the high voltage breakdown is characteristic to x-ray tubes, and hence may occur during normal operation, the exposure is continued with a new activation of the EXPENA signal. The CPU Board allows three (3) tube failures per exposure before an error message (E02) is displayed. Test Switch: Test switch S1 allows an exposure sequence to continue regardless of the kVFB signal. In "TEST" position the TUBEFAIL signal is forced down . Note! The Test Switch S1 should always be at "NORMAL" position whenever the high voltage part of the INVERTER BOARD is energized. Failing to do this may damage the INVERTER BOARD, HIGH VOLTAGE UNIT and the X-RAY TUBE. An exposure without X-rays: It is possible to check the operation of kV control circuitry without X-rays. 1. 2. 3 4. 5. 6. Unplug the connector X1 Set the test switch S1 to "TEST" position Unplug the connector X4 on the FILAMENT CONTROL Board Set the test switch on FILAMENT CONTROL Board to "TEST" position Set the jumper X8 ("FBSEL") on the FILAMENT CONTROL Board to position 1-2 (left hand position) Initiate the exposure
The control circuitry is driving the MOSFETS with the minimum frequency (app. 20kHz). Back Up Timer: The Back Up Timer is located on the FILAMENT CONTROL BOARD and it disables both the +34REL voltage and the EXPENA signal providing a SHUTDOWN approximately fifteen (15) seconds after the activation of the EXPENA signal. This is a safety feature only and does not affect normal operation.
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kV reference: The level of the used kV is set by the CPU BOARD with signals DATA0 DATA7. This 8 bit digital word contains the kV reference . The kV reference is converted into an analog signal in D/A converter ICA2 (TP24). The analog kV reference (TP24) and the kV feedback (TP22) signals correspond to actual kV as follows: kV = DVM read-out * 10 kV For example, if the digital multimeter (DVM) read-out is 2.5 V the actual high voltage is 25kV. kV adjustment: The calibration of the kV is done by adjusting the D/A converter's (ICA2) reference voltage with trimmer potentiometer R63. Note! The kV calibration is performed at the factory. The trimmer potentiometer R63 is sealed . Manipulation of the potentiometer can be carried out by authorized personnel only. Improper settings of the potentiometer can damage the INVERTER BOARD, HIGH VOLTAGE UNIT and the X-RAY TUBE External indicators: Connector X6 provides relay contacts for X-ray system status indication. X6 pins 1 and 2 are short circuited when the unit is on. X6 pins 3 and 4 are short circuited when X-rays are being generated. The contacts are rated for 5A, 24VDC /240VAC. Fuses: High Voltage fuse in the INVERTER BOARD (F1) is to protect the board in case of a short circuit. -F1 20 AF /500V High voltage! List of LED indicators LED indicator H1 H2 H3 H4-H5 H6-H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12 Signal +310VDC EXPENA signal Bridge Current Pulse A (MOSFET drive pulses) Pulse B (MOSFET drive pulses) +15V +34V -15V +25V +34VREL
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List of Test Points Test Point TP1 TP2 TP3 TP4 TP5-TP7 TP8-TP10 TP11-TP13 TP14-TP16 TP17 TP18 TP19 TP20 TP21 TP22 TP23 TP24 TP25 TP26 TP27 TP28 TP29 TP30 TP31 TP32 TP33 Schematics, Layouts
Signal +310V GND +310 VDC MOSFET gate MOSFET gate MOSFET gate MOSFET gate EXPENA signal SHUTDOWN signal GND Operating frequency Pulse A kV Feedback Pulse B kV Reference GND +34V +15V GND GND -15V -34V +34VREL +25V
High voltage! High voltage! High voltage! High Voltage! High Voltage! High voltage! High voltage! High Voltage!
Refer to the documents in section 7. 3.4.3.2 The high voltage unit In the secondary of the high voltage transformer, there is a voltage doubler. As one half of the inverter is conducting, secondary current flows through one set of diodes, charging one of the 1.2 nF capacitors in the tank. When the other half is conducting, the current flows through the other set of diodes and charges the other 1.2 nF capacitor. Since the capacitors are connected in series, the voltage across the capacitors is double the voltage of secondary. There is a 450 Mohm resistor connected to the high voltage output forming the upper leg of the voltage division. On the Inverter board is the lower leg over which the control circuit measures the voltage. The modulator compares this voltage to that of a reference and changes the output frequency, if necessary, to maintain the proper kV. The output of the hV-unit is directly connected to the anode of the tube with a high voltage cable. The unit also contains a rubber bottle because of the expansion of oil volume due to rising temperature.
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3.4.3.3 mA generation timing mA generation timing is controlled with four signals: FOCUS, PREHEAT, PREH and EXT. FOCUS is a latch output which changes state depending on whether the mag-box (small focal spot) or either the bucky or cassette tunnel (large focal spot) is attached to the machine. It selects which mA feedback resistor is used on the FILAMENT CONTROL board and which filament is energized. PREHEAT becomes active 55 milliseconds after the hand switch is depressed. It powers relay K2 on the FILAMENT CONTROL board and supplies power to the filament transformer TR1. During the time between PREHEAT and EXT, the pulse width modulator (ICA8) uses filament voltage as its feedback voltage. The feedback voltage is gain is controlled with trimmer potentiometers R28 and R96 to achieve proper tube current rise at the beginning of an exposure. (See PREHEAT ADJUSTMENT in the Adjustments & Alignments Section). When EXT goes active, actual exposure begins. We are now no longer interested in filament voltage; now, we must regulate tube current. To accomplish this, the common of the filaments is connected to ground through one of the feedback resistors (R77 or R78) on the FILAMENT board. This signal called mA FEEDBACK (MAFB) is now fed to the pulse width modulator by the analog switch (ICA10). Its output was switched from filament voltage to MAFB with the signal PREH. The PREH signal is activated approximately 7 ms after the EXT signal. The duty cycle of the pulse width will vary depending on what is required to maintain proper mA. 3.4.3.4 FILAMENT CONTROL BOARD The CPU board begins the mA generation cycle when it sees the EXP2 signal from the FILAMENT CONTROL Board. The EXP2 is activated from the exposure button. The control of the mA and kV are handled through the serial to parallel converter / latch (ICD3). The latch is configured to have four major functions: 1. Control/Timing 2. Serial output back to the CPU board 3. kV reference 4. mA reference kV reference The kV reference is converted into eight (8) parallel DATA bits which contain the kV reference information for the INVERTER BOARD. The kV reference occupies ICD3 pins 23 through 30. mA reference The mA reference is converted into eight (8) parallel DATA bits which contain the mA reference information. The mA reference occupies ICD3 pins 11 through 18.
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mA control: The mA control adjusts the X-ray tube's filament heating level to provide the desired tube current (mA). This is done by regulating the filament voltage with "FLYBACK" type pulse width modulated switch mode power supply (T1, T2, TR1, D6, C12, ICA8). The control circuitry utilizes current mode control which provides better stabilization and protects the semiconductor switches against over current. The operation consists of two consecutive sequences: the preheat sequence and normal mA control sequence. The preheat sequence is used for heating of the filament to the desired level prior to the exposure, in order to achieve optimum mA rise at the start up. During the preheat sequence the control feedback comes from the filament voltage, and during an exposure the mAFB signal is used, providing the actual tube current monitoring. Preheat adjustment: The Preheat adjustment is done separately for large and small focus with trimmer potentiometers R28 and R96 respectively. (See PREHEAT ADJUSTMENT in the Adjustments & Alignments Section) The FOCUS signal selects the corresponding trimmer with relay K3. During the preheat adjustment measure the tube current from TP4. EXT signal: The EXT signal enables the kV generation. FOCUS signal: The FOCUS signal changes the mA feedback circuit according to the selected X-ray tube focal spot size. It also changes the filament that is being powered. When FOCUS signal is high (led H1) a small focus (0.1) is selected. PREH signal: The PREH signal changes the filament control mode from preheat to normal exposure. The jumper X8 is used to disable the PREH signal during testing. PREHREL signal: A preheat sequence is initiated before each exposure (before activation of the EXT signal) with the PREHREL signal. This activates the relay K2, providing +34V input voltage for the filament power supply and the INVERTER BOARD. The PREHREL signal enables the mA control circuit also. mA feedback: Feedback voltage to the filament power supply controller ICA8 is selected with the analog switches ICA10. The source depends on the control signal EXT as follows: STATUS preheat sequence normal exposure stand by EXT (TP8) passive (0V) active (+15V) passive (0V) FEEDBACK SOURCE Filament voltage mA feedback Filament voltage
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Jumper X8: The jumper X8 is used for keeping the filament control in preheat mode during the whole exposure. This is intended for testing purposes only. The jumper should normally short circuit pins 2 and 3 (right hand position) Note: Always remember to leave the jumper in the right hand position after servicing the unit. mACHK signal Comparator ICA6 monitors the mA feedback signal and activates the mAOk signal when mA is present. Buzzer Buzzer (BZ1) is activated with signal RG2. It indicates that X-rays are being generated. (Note: The buzzer is activated during an exposure without X-rays also; see section 3.4.3.1:Timing) C-arm angle measurement The c-arm angle measurement is done with a potentiometer in the c-arm brake assembly. The potentiometer gives a voltage proportional to the angle. This voltage is taken to the 12 bit, serial mode analog to digital converter ICA12. The control signals and data signal comes from the CPU board to connector X12. FB MISS signal The FB MISS signal is activated if the feedback cable is not connected. This is to protect the high voltage transformer in case the feedback connector is accidentally left open. Activation of this signal disables the EXP2 signal to the CPU board. This feature requires that the unit has cabling that short circuits pins 1 and 2 in X4. If the unit does not have that kind of cabling you can use the board if you install a jumper connector X11 that grounds the pin 2. Back Up Timer: The Back Up Timer disables both the K2 and the EXPENA signal for the INVERTER Board providing a SHUTDOWN approximately fifteen (15) seconds after the activation of the EXT signal. This is a safety feature only and does not affect normal operation. Test Switch: The test switch S1 allows an exposure sequence to continue regardless of the mAOK' signal which indicates that tube current is present. X-ray tube bias The filament is biased by having the tube current going trough a bias resistor ( 0, 220 or 300 ohms).The value of the resistor is determined at the factory separately for each tube and should therefore not be changed or modified.
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Supply voltages: The +15 V supply voltage is regulated from the +34 V with switching regulator ICA11, and the -15 V is regulated from the -34V with linear regulator ICA9. Fuses: Fuses F1 and F2 protect the board in case of short circuits - F1 - F2 List of LED indicators LED indicator H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 List of Test Points Test Point TP1 TP2 TP3 TP4 TP5 TP6 TP7 TP8 TP9 TP10 TP11 TP12 TP13 TP14 TP15 Schematics, Layouts Refer to the documents in section 7 6,3 AT (=slow), 6,3 x 32 mm 6,3 AT (=slow), 6,3 x 32 mm
Signal Filament voltage TubeFail signal (E02 error) PrehRel RG1 RG2 EXT +15V +34V -15V Signal Filament Voltage MosFet gate Filament Feedback mA Feedback PrehRel RG1 RG2 EXT signal +34V +15V -15V GND GND -34V mA Reference
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3.4.3.5 Anode motor drive AMD BOARD The unit utilizes a rotating anode tube. The anode plate is accelerated with 230 VAC before the emission of electrons from cathode. During exposure, stator needs a certain running voltage (40-100 VAC), and after exposure the anode plate can be braked. All this is done with the phase control of a triac (V1). The control element is Telefunken TEA1007 (A7). Acceleration is achieved directly with mains voltage. During exposure, the firing angle of the triac is set to a level that corresponds the required RMS voltage. Braking is done by half wave rectified mains voltage. Acceleration and braking times are approx. 1 second. Safety features are also taken into account by monitoring the current of the triac. Should errors be detected, the microprocessor does not allow exposures. The exchange of information between the microprocessor and this board is optoisolated because the anode motor drive board is floating on mains voltage. 3.4.3.6 Mains transformer The power and control side of the unit uses only one 50/60 Hz transformer. It is a two slot 120 VA EI transformer. The first slot contains primary 220 V and secondary 15 V for the protection circuit of the power transistors ( this is done because the protection circuit is floating on mains voltage ), the second slot contains the actual secondary 2 x 24 V for AUX POWER. A grounded static shield is situated between these slots. 3.4.3.7 Energy storage capacitor The energy storage capacitor is used for smoothing the rectified mains voltage fed to the POWER board. It is an aluminum electrolytic capacitor 2200 uF / 400 V with a 4K7 /11W bleeder resistor. 3.4.3.8 Motor phase shift capacitor The motor phase shift capacitor is needed to rotate the anode plate. Its capacitance is 40 uF / 450 V. 3.4.3.9 Tube housing assembly Contains expansion systems and thermal switches and tube insert. 3.4.3.10 X-ray tube bias circuit (M101G)
The filament of the M101G X-ray tube is biased by having the tube current going trough a bias resistor (0, 220 or 300 ohms).The value of the resistor is determined at the factory separately for each tube and should therefore not be changed or modified.
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3.4.4 Motor control 3.4.4.1 Motor control - general As you can see from the block diagram to the left, all interfacing between the microprocessor and the motors is handled by 8255 peripheral controllers (D8 and D16) on the CPU board. The one exception to this is BHOME signal, which goes directly to the 8031. The microprocessor writes to and reads from the 8255 when its chip select (pin 6) is active. Information is transferred back and forth on the data bus. Because of this, the outputs of the 8255 are the effective origin of the signals, and the inputs to it are effectively the final destination of all the signals. 3.4.4.2 C&Z DRIVER BOARD This board controls the compression and vertical drive motors (also called Cand Z movements). It also provides regulated +24V dc-voltage to the bucky. Both C- and Z- motors are +24V dc-motors which are driven with pulse width modulated (PWM) power supplies that can provide variable voltage control thus enabling a rough speed control. Each drive circuit consists of control circuit and two power transistors. The output voltage consists of +34 Volt pulses whose width determines the RMS voltage of the motor. This voltage is proportional to the reference voltage applied to the control circuitry. The operating frequency for both drives is app. 30kHz. Carriage motor (Z-motor) This is also called vertical drive motor. The vertical drive has two speeds. The movement is started with slow speed that allows accurate positioning of the carriage. After app. 2 seconds the faster speed is activated. The CPU controls the vertical movement with two signals: ZDIR signal: This signal sets the status of the relay K3. It determines the polarity of Zmotor voltage that is, the direction of the carriage. ZRUN signal: This signal activates the PWM circuit (ICA5) which applies voltage to the motor. The RC circuit R60 and C21 determine the slow speed time interval. Lower Limit, Upper Limit These signals provide a way to limit the movement. When Lower/Upper Limit signal is low only upwards/downwards direction is enabled. This is for future purposes.
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Compression motor (C-motor) The compression motor has three different speeds: fixed high speed up, trimmer potentiometer controlled high speed down and trimmer potentiometer controlled low speed down. The purpose of these speeds is to provide "soft" compression. This is done by reducing the speed of the compression paddle as soon as the paddle reaches the breast. The control of the compression is done by monitoring the compression motor's current which gives us a rough idea of what the actual torque of the motor is. The current of the motor is measured with resistor R29 and then compared to two predetermined threshold levels. The first threshold level, speed threshold, determines the force that the speed of the compression is reduced. Turn the trimmer potentiometer R43 to set this level. The second threshold level, current limit, determines the final compression force. Turn the trimmer potentiometer R33 to set the compression force. The CPU controls the compression movement with following signals: CDIR signal: This signal sets the status of the relay K1. It determines the polarity of the Cmotor voltage that is, the direction of the compression paddle. CRUN signal: This signal activates the PWM circuit (ICA4) which applies voltage to the motor. The reference voltage is selected from three different speed references with analog switch ICD5. The choice depends on the direction of the compression paddle and the speed threshold level. SPEED signal: (for future purposes) This signal enables the CPU to reduce the compression speed regardless of the speed threshold level. CMAN signal: This signal activates the relay K2 which connects diode D10 across the motor terminals. The purpose of this diode is to prevent the motor from rotating when the breast is under compression. +24Vin Bucky: Linear regulator ICA6 provides regulated +24V dc-voltage to bucky control board.
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Adjustment of the compression speeds: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adjust the high speed compression to app. 2cm /1 seconds. Turn trimmer R43 until only low speed is on. Adjust the low speed compression down to app. 1cm /1 seconds Adjust the trimmer pot R43 so that the paddle switches to low speed when it reaches the breast. Make sure the paddle travels in high speed (free air) at all angles. If not increase the speed threshold level. Adjust the final compression force with trimmer R33. The compression force limit can be adjusted by software setting in service program (version 7.36 and up). In this case compression force with trimmer R33 is adjusted to be 25-27 kg (53-59lbs) and force stop has been set by software. LED H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 Test point TP1 TP2 TP3 TP4 TP5 TP6 TP7 TP8, TP9 TP10, TP11 TP12 TP13 Signal +34Vdc +15Vdc +24Vdc for bucky C-motor voltage Z-motor voltage Upper Limit Lower Limit Signal +34Vdc +15Vdc +24Vdc for bucky low speed reference high speed reference speed reference paddle up vertical drive speed reference C-motor voltage Z-motor voltage GND GND
List of LED:s:
List of testpoints:
Schematics and layouts: Refer to section 7. 3.4.4.3 Back up release The units are equipped with a compression back up feature. If the line voltage suddenly disappears the compression paddle is driven up. This is implemented with a back up transformer in the back of the unit. The back up transformer is energized whenever the unit is connected to the line supply. This back up transformer provides power for the relay K4 on the Filament Control board. When this relay is powered the compression motor is driven normally. When the relay is not activated the motor is driven upwards with the voltage in the capacitors C20 -C31 on the Filament Control board. The status of the relay K4 is indicated with a LED next to the main switch.
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3.4.4.4 Anode motor After the hand switch has been depressed, the microprocessor will signal the 8255 (D8) on the CPU board to output four signals that are ANSTART, ANENA, ANRUN and ANSTOP. ANRUN is the first signal to go active, it is normally high to extend opto coupler life on the ANODE MOTOR DRIVER (AMD). It will go low in preparation for the ANENA signal so there is no arching when K1 relay on the AMD is pulled. After ANENA has enabled the anode motor, ANRUN goes high supplying the motor with 40 V. Seventy milliseconds later ANSTART goes low turning on the opto coupler A4, which pulls pin 6 of the motor controller (A7) high. This turns the triac V1 completely on supplying the rotor with 220 VAC. After nearly 1.5 seconds of boosting, ANSTART goes high again ending the boost phase so the voltage applied to the rotor drops back down to 40 V. After the exposure is finished, ANRUN goes low removing all power from the rotor so there will be no arching when ANSTOP pulls relay K2 to remove the phase shift capacitor and winding from the circuitry for the braking. An anode brake can be selected in the SETUP mode. The braking is done by applying a half wave rectified voltage to the main stator winding. This produces a stationary magnetic field acting on the rotor. The phase shift winding does not get any voltage. After the relay K2 has settled, ANRUN goes high again applying 40V half wave rectified voltage to the stator. To begin braking shortly after that ANSTART goes low applying the full 220 V half wave rectified voltage to the stator. STARTOK and RUNOK are two signals that the CPU monitors on during the boost and run phase respectively. They will go low if the voltage during each phase falls between the window set up by the two comparators for each signal. 3.4.4.5 Bucky motor At the beginning of the exposure, the CPU checks that the grid is in its proper position using the bucky home signal coming from the BUCKY CONTROL board. The proper position is just after the reversal of the grid direction. After this and about 100 milliseconds before the exposure, the bucky on signal (pin 7 of X1) goes high, which pulls the relay K1 and thus connects the bucky motor to the BUCKY CONTROL board. The BUCKY CONTROL board uses a photo interrupter to sense the position of the grid. The input photodiode of this sensor is connected between pins 5 and 6 of X3, and the output photo-transistor is connected across pins 3 and 4 of X3 on the board. During the normal speed, the phototransistor conducts and thus grounds the base of transistor V7 and connects the bucky motor to the adjustable output of A1. Just before the change of the grid direction the phototransistor stops conducting, and the bucky motor is connected to a higher voltage through relay K2 thus making the change of the direction as quick as possible. After the change the speed returns to normal again. After the exposure the grid is driven back to the proper position.
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3.4.5 Automatic exposure control (AEC)
3.4.5.1 AEC - general There AEC consists basically of three parts to the circuit, the DETECTOR, the AEC board and the CPU board. 3.4.5.2 The Detector The detector is a package containing 34 diodes connected in parallel. As X-ray strikes the diodes, they begin to leak current from the cathode to anode. The amount of current each diode leaks is related to the amount of X-ray it receives. Since the diodes are connected in parallel, the total current draw of the detector is the total of all diodes current draw. 3.4.5.3 AEC BOARD There are four basic connections to the AEC board. The main power is connected to X1, unregulated +18VDC supply to X1/1, analog ground to X1/2 and unregulated -18VDC supply to X1/3. The detector connects to X2 (cathode), X3 (detector shield) and X4 (anode). The detector can be measured as a diode. The connector X6 is for static shield. The purpose of the shield is to protect the phototimer board from major electrical interferences and X-rays. The CPU is connected with the phototimer through connectors X1/8 (AUTOEXP, information from the CPU) and X1/7 (AECFRQ information to the CPU). The CPU also provides the +5VDC supply through X1/5 = +5VDC, X1/6 = ground. The signal from the detector is taken to the first amplifier ICA1 which is the preamplifier. Besides amplifying it also does the current to voltage conversion. Trimpot R2 is for adjusting the offset voltage of ICA1. (NOTE: adjusted to 0 - offset in the factory)
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The second amplifier A2 has a smaller gain which is adjustable to take into account differences between detectors, x-ray tubes and film/screen combinations. Trimpot R6 is for adjusting the offset voltage of A2. (NOTE: adjusted to 0 - offset in the factory) The AEC board replaces the phototimer board in the units manufactured since December 1994). In the AEC board the signal from the detector is taken to voltage to frequency converter after amplification. The software for this board is 7.xx or higher (6.35 and 6.55 also). The CPU board needs to be of version 1.2 or higher. 3.4.5.4 The CPU The CPU board looks at the pulses from the AEC board. The frequency of these pulses represents the radiation through the breast. The CPU converts the frequency into a variable called INTEGRATION time. The microprocessor plugs this time into a formula and calculates the exposure time. Integration time has a nonlinear effect on the exposure time, which is important to keep in mind when making adjustments.
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3.5
DESCRIPTION OF CONTROL ELECTRONICS
3.5.1 Mains transformer and SUPPLY board

T1 220V T2 24V
220V
24V
240V 24V
240V
18V
260V
260V
15V
Figure 3.5.1 Mains transformer connections The SUPPLY board supplies all the voltages that are not used to produce X-rays. The collimator bulb voltage is on newer models regulated with a triac and why the voltage should be measured with the voltage meter at the AC-range. 3.5.2 CPU board A block diagram of CPU board is in figure 3.7. Intel 80C32 (in version 1.07 and below 80C31) (ICD1) microprocessor running at a clock frequency of 12 MHz is used as the nucleus of the CPU board. Port 0 of the processor is used as a combined data bus and the lower half of the address bus. Port 2 is used as the upper half of the address bus. Circuit ICD27 (74HC373) latches the address code into the address bus when the external memory fetch is used. Circuit ICD21 (74HC245) with programmable Gate Array Logic (GAL) circuit ICD22 (22V10), ICD7 (74HC32) and processor signals PSEN,ALE, WR and RD control the direction of data transmission in the data bus/lower half of the address bus. Because the EA-pin of the processor is tied low, all the instructions are fetched from the external memory. The printed circuit board includes three IC-sockets for program chips. One is for the program memory circuit (ICD16) and the second is for static RAM circuit (ICD14). The third is for a nonvolatile memory EEPROM (ICD15).
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ICD22 (GAL 22V10) is used as an address decoder for data memory and I/O-circuitry (ICD8, ICD12, ICD13, ICD18, ICD19, ICD23, ICD26 and half of the ICD5). The address-map of the system can be presented: 0000 - FFFF program memory (64k) 8000 - 9FFF A000 - CFFF D000 - EFFF F000 - FFFF nonvolatile memory (8k) I/O data memory not used
ICD8 (8279) is a keyboard/display controller which independently takes care of user interface and displays of the unit. CPU has six 8-bit I/O ports. Three of them is configured as inputs and the rest three as outputs The RESET and WATCHDOG circuitry consists of ICA2 (TL7705A).
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3.5.3 DISPLAY BOARD The block diagram of DISPLAY board is presented in figure 3.5.3
KEYBOARD/ DISPLAY CONTROLLER SEGMENT DRIVER DISPLAYS AND LEDS DIGIT SELECT
KEYBOARD
Figure 3.5.3 Block diagram of DISPLAY board The DISPLAY board is located in the control box and is connected by a cable to the controller circuit D15 (8279), which is located in the CPU board. This board includes circuits D1 (ULN2003A), D2 and D3 (74HC138). D1 is a segment driver for the LEDs (light emitting diodes) and the seven segment displays. D2 and D3 are decoders, with which the controller selects the digits. Signals from the keyboard are conducted via this board to an 8279 controller matrix. 3.5.4 C&Z-DRIVER BOARD This board controls the functions of compression (C) motor and vertical movement (Z) motor. C&Z-drive board also supplies the voltage for the bucky.
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3.5.5 CD-BOARD This board is installed in Alpha MT only. The CD-board measures the breast thickness. The signal is sent to the CPU board which controls the display on the CD board. All information is passed through a serial link. On the CD board locates also the electronic for the beam filter selection and the driver circuit for the filter change motor. 3.5.6 C-ARM CONTROL BOARD This board is installed in PERFORMA, ALPHA RT/IQ only. It measures the compression thickness and force and controls the displays on the c-arm. It also controls the motor that drives the beam filter change mechanism. The C-arm Control board is based on Intel 80C32 micro controller. It has a software of its own which is independent from the software on the CPU board. The only requirement is that the software is of version 7.01 or higher. The C-arm Control board communicates with the CPU board with a serial link. An error in this communication is indicated as E.12 error on the control panel. The C-arm Control board is divided into digital part and analog part. The digital part controls the i/o signals and c-arm display board. The analog part measures the compression thickness and force and drives the filter motor. The compression force is measured with strain gages in the compression mechanism. The signal is brought to the amplifier ICA4. The offset voltage of the amplifier must be set to 500mV when there is no strain on the compression paddle. The voltage is measured between testpoints TP5 and TP6. List of LED indicators LED indicator H1 H2 H3 H4 List of testpoints Testpoints TP1 TP2 TP3 TP4 TP5 TP6 signal RXD TXD +5V RST (reset) signal +25V +5V GND Compression thickness measurement Compression force measurement (amplifier offset voltage- set to 500mV) GND
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3.5.7 C-ARM DISPLAY BOARD This board is installed in PERFORMA, ALPHA RT/IQ only. It contains 8 seven segment displays, two LEDs to indicate which beam filter is selected and a filter change switch. The seven segment displays are controlled by ICD4 on C-arm Control board. The LEDs and the switch are handled by regular i/ocontrol on C-arm Control board. 3.5.8 ECS DRIVER BOARD The ECS Driver Board Controls the C-arm movement of the ECS-200 device. It is an electronic circuit board that requires software based control from Performa, Alpha unit. Software version of the unit must be 7.27 or greater. The C-arm movement can be activated in four different ways: 1. 2. 3. Up and down from footpedal in either C-arm or ECS mode. Up and down from either one the two switches located on both sides of the C-arm covers. Automatic return of the C-arm to it's lowest position after an exposure if the autorelease function in the Performa, Alpha control panel has been selected. Return of the C-arm to it's lowest position from the return switch located on both sides of the C-arm covers.
4.
Up, Down and Return switches are also available on the circuit board for service purposes. Motor control The C-arm movement is handled by a pulse width modulated (PWM) DC motor. The speed of the C-arm and ECS are separately adjusted with trimmer potentiometers R37 (C-arm) and R59 (ECS respectively. The PWM control circuit ICA3 (TL494) controls the motor voltage according the reference voltage (TP3). The motor is activated by pulling the *MOTOR ENABLE signal down. The direction of the C-arm is determined by relay K2. The default direction of the C-arm is down. Movement limits The C-arm movement limits are sensed with two photointerrupters on the electronic circuit board (ICD9 and ICD10). When the limit is reached a metal plate enters the photointerrupter slot turning the photointerrupter transistor off.
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Control signals: Up and down The user can move the C-arm up and down with a switch located on the cover or with a footpedal. The *CARM UP signal activates relay K2 and changes the direction of the motor drive. The motor drive is enabled if the C-arm is not in it's upper limit. *CARM DWN signal moves the C-arm down. The motor drive is enabled if the C-arm is not in it's lower limit. Return The user can return the C-arm to it's normal position (down) by pressing the return switch. This activates D-flip flop ICD6 if the relay K2 is not activated (that is if the direction of the C-arm is down). When the lower limit is reached the flip flop is reset and motor drive is disabled. Autorelease The autorelease function returns the C-arm down after an exposure. The information of an exposure is derived from control signals for ANODE MOTOR DRIVE board (connectors X5 and X6). ANENA signal is active during preheat sequence and an exposure. If the compression paddle is driven up after exposure, the C-arm is returned down after the compression paddle has reached it's upper limit. The information of compression paddle movement is derived from compression motor encoder (connector X8). Compression current limit The information of the compression reaching it's current limit is derived from the compression motor voltage (connector X3 pins 10 and 11). When the breast is being compressed (paddle moving) the optocoupler ICD11 A and B are activated. List of test points: TP1 TP2 TP3 TP4 TP5 TP6 TP7 TP8 +34V +15V Motor speed reference Motor voltage Motor voltage GND GND +5V
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List of LED indicators: H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 +34V +15V C-arm movement enabled +5V C-arm shifted (located in the ECS top cover) C-arm shifted (located in the ECS top cover) LOWER LIMIT UPPER LIMIT C-arm direction up Motor enabled
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PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE 4.1 X-RAY TUBE PERFORMANCE CHECK
4.1.1 Half-value layer (HVL) measurement Test equipment required: Radiation meter 0.1 mm Aluminum Plates (Alloy 1100)
Enter the service mode by simultaneously pressing the kV- and densitybuttons and holding them for 3 seconds. Insert the 18 x 24 diaphragm into its mount. Collimate the X-ray beam by a lead plate with a hole placed close the tube and restrict the beam to an area slightly larger than the ionization chamber. Use 25 kV and measure the radiation using 0 - 0.1 - 0.2 - 0.3 - 0.4 mmAl. Plot your data on the chart and connect data points with a line. Take the 0.0 mmAl reading and divide it by two. Find where that reading would intersect your graph and determine the half-value layer from the aluminum axis. Use mAs that gives you about 400 mR with 0 mmAl. 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 NOTE! HVL @ 25 kV MUST be more than .25 mmAl, and should be less than .35 mmAl.
Table 4.1.
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4.1.2 Tube efficiency check on the cassette holder Test equipment required: Radiation meter
Center the radiation meter on the image receptor so that its ion chamber is as close as possible to the chest wall edge of the image receptor. Place a piece of lead under the meter to block back scatter. For small focal spot testing, remove the image receptor. The "MAGN" light in the control panel will lit up, make the exposures in service mode For large focus, insert a cassette holder and make the measurements on the cassette holder top. Enter the service mode by simultaneously pressing the kV- and densitybuttons and holding them for 3 seconds. Make exposures as directed by the table below, comparing your results with the data given on the table 4.2. mR/ mAs kV 25 29 35
SMALL FOCUS DESIRED 3-9 8 - 15 16 - 23 Table 4.2. Tube efficiency ACTUAL CHECK
LARGE FOCUS DESIRED 3-9 7 - 14 10 - 18 ACTUAL CHECK
+ All exposures are 100 mAs without the paddle! + If the output of the tube consistently falls below the desired level, check kV, mA, preheat.
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4.1.3 Focal spot measurement procedure Test equipment required: Star phantom Slit focal Special focal diaphragm
spot
measurement
Measurement of Large Focus Insert a bucky or a cassette holder. Enter service mode by simultaneously pressing kV- and densitybuttons and holding them until the timer display shows "ser". Press density+ and densitybuttons simultaneously until the timer display shows "51 Pr". Press kV+ button until the timer display shows "Foc" which is the focal spot measurement mode. Press autoexp to enter the program. The exposure parameters are automatically adjusted according to the table below. Focus Large focus Insert M101G M107 kV 28 25 mA 50 70 80 10 T.exp. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3
M101, M113, 25 M113SP Small focus M101/M107 and M101G,M113, M113SP 25
The default setting of the Large Focus is 28 kV, 50 mA.Large focus measurement parameters for other inserts can be scrolled by pressing the mAs+ button. Remove the bucky or cassette holder Install the star pattern phantom or slit focal to the special focal spot measurement diaphragm to have the phantom at a correct angle. The diaphragm can be ordered from Instrumentarium Imaging. NOTE: Each tube model has a diaphragm of its own. Place a normal cassette in line with the front edge of the cassette holder support. Put a guide under the tube side of the cassette so that the cassette raises 12 mm (0.5 inc.) from the surface. Make an exposure. Develop the film and fill in the form for large focal spot to calculate the focal spot size. Measure also the magnified diameter of star.
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Measurement of Small Focus Enter the service mode by pressing density+ and density- simultaneously until "ser" is displayed on the timer display. Install a magnification table, 1.6 or 1.8 Go back to the focus measurement mode as described in previously. Remove the magnification table and place the cassette on the cassette holder support as described in previously. Make an exposure Fill out the form for small focal spot to calculate the small focal spot. Bw BL Fw C = = = = = = Blur diameter of width Parallel to anode-cathode axis Blur diameter of length Perpendicular to anode-cathode axis C * BW/(M - 1) , FL = C * BL / (M - 1) .00872 for .5 degree star .017 for 1 degree star .0349 for 2 degree star (measurements of the small focal spot are not possible using 2 degree star) DS = _________________mm M = DS/45= _________________mm Small focal spot Bw = _________________mm Bl = _________________mm Fw = _________________mm Fl = _________________mm
Magnified diameter of star, Optical magnification, Large focal spot Bw = ________________mm Bl = ________________mm Fw = ________________mm Fl = ________________mm
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4.1.4 Image quality evaluation procedure 1. 2. Go to the film processor evaluation procedure described in the Installation Instructions , 2.14.2 Place a loaded cassette into the bucky and select AEC operation using settings (kV) as you would use for an average 4.5 cm compressed breast. Place the RMI 156 phantom on the bucky in the same position as a breast. The nipple indent marker should be positioned away from the chest wall. Use a standard 18 x 24 or 24 x 30 size compression paddle. Set the AEC detector to an inward position under the wax portion of the phantom. Make an exposure and process the exposed film. This image will represent the imaging abilities of your machine using these clinical factors. If the image is over or under exposed, make a AEC adjustment and repeat the exposure. Once an acceptable image has been obtained, have one or more viewers identify and record which objects are seen. Use a magnifying glass to look for the structures as you would on a patients mammogram. Use the phantom scoring procedure on the following pages to score system performance. Make another exposure using magnification table and score that image. Mark both films with the date, kV, mAs and their scores and file them for future reference.
3.
4. 5.
6. 7.
8. 9.
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IMAGE SCORING WITH THE RMI 156 PHANTOM
Figure 4.1. FIBERS Number 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Size 1.56 1.12 .89 .75 .54 .40
RMI 156 phantom SPECS MASSES Points 1 1 6 7 10 Number 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Size 2.0 1.0 .75 .50 .25 Points 1 1 1 7 10
Points 1 1 3 5 9 10
Number 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
Size .54 .40 .32 .24 .16
As a minimum, the system shall image: 1) 2) 3) 4 Fibers - 1, 2, 3, 4 2 Specs - 7, 8, 9 3 Masses - 12, 13, 14
To meet the ACR criteria the minimum acceptable score would the yield a minimum score of 10 for fibers, 8 for specs and 3 for masses. Total score would the be 21. If your mammographic unit is significantly worse, you may wish to check the accuracy of the kVp, the focal spot size, the half value layer, and the image processor, You could also consult a medical physicist or engineer who specializes in diagnostic radiology.
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4.1.5 Measurement of the feedback circuitry CAUTION! The readings from the following resistance measurements depend on the probe polarity.
Figure 4.2
Measurement of the feedback circuitry
Remove the low voltage connector X33 from the HV-unit and measure on the cable connector end the resistance between ground and pin X33/8 (This is the kV-feedback resistance on the INVERTER Board). It should be 20-45 k. (If the power is ON, the value is 45 kohms). If 0 check the cabling between the connector and the FILAMENT CONTROL Board, and the cabling between FILAMENT CONTROL Board and the INVERTER Board. If the reading is app. 20 kO change the probe polarity. Plug in connector X33. CAUTION! X36 is hot with power on. Remove the connector X36 from the tube and measure on the cable connector end the resistance between ground and pin X36/5 (this is the mA feedback resistor on the FILAMENT CONTROL Board). It should be about 115 when small focus on and 30 when large focus on. Plug in connector X36. NOTE! mA feedback will read 30 (large focus) only with power off.
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4.2
AUTOMATIC EXPOSURE CONTROL EVALUATION
4.2.1 Quick AEC test Testing procedure: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Attach the cassette. Position an acrylic plate carefully so that it covers the AEC detector. Select 25 kV and density 0. Make an exposure using the semi-AEC. Develop the film. Measure the film density. If the density is not between 1.3 and 1.5, the reprogramming of AEC is recommended.
Carry out this test once a week. 4.2.3 Object thickness compensation Measure the optical density for 20 and 40 millimeters of acrylic. Use also 60 millimeters if available. Use 25 kV without bucky and 27 kV with bucky and magnification. Measure the optical density for both molybdenum and rhodium filter. Plot the values in the table below. ACR mm 20 40 60 O.D. Bucky) / / / O.D. (Cas tunnel) / / / O.D. (Magn) / / /
1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 mm 20 Table 4.5. 40 Object thickness compensation 60
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If the optical density is higher with 20 mm acrylic than with 40 mm acrylic the thickness compensation has to be adjusted. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. NOTE: Adjust the AEC so that the wanted optical density is reached 40 mm acrylic. Notice the exposure time Go into program mode (Pr) and select -2 Density Adjust the gain on the AEC board so that the same exposure time is reached as in point 1 with 40 mm acrylic. Repeat the test 4.2.3 If compensation not correct select more - Density
In some cases + Density should be used instead of - Density
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4.2.2 kV compensation Measure the optical density for each kV station, using molybdenum and rhodium filter if available Use 40 mm ACR. kV 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 kV 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 O.D. (Bucky) / / / / / / / / / / / / / O.D. (Cas tunnel) / / / / / / / / / / / / / O.D. (Magn) / / / / / / / / / / / / /
Table 4.4.
kV compensation, x = molybdenum filter, o = rhodium filter
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4.3
MECHANICAL CHECKS
4.3.1 Compression system The part of the equipment which undergoes the most use is the compression system, so it needs regular attention and treatment when necessary. Spread some grease (MBDE or other high-quality grease) on the compression driving axle and support joints. If the driving wheels are noisy or the hand wheels difficult to rotate, we strongly recommend that you remove the C-arm and grease the inside of the compression system. Check also the digital compression display according to the test described in the Installation Instruction. 4.3.2 C-arm rotation brake Check that the brake has 110 N (24 lbs.) of holding force, if necessary tighten the four nyloc nuts to increase holding force if necessary. Check that only 20 N (4 lbs.) of force is needed when the brake is disengaged. If required, loosen the four nyloc nuts or remove one disc spring pair. Recheck the 110N (24 lbs.) holding force. 4.3.3 Column and carriage Check all cables, especially the cables coming from the C-arm. Check also the counter weight wire condition. 4.3.4 Compression force checking Place a scale under the paddle and compress it like a breast using hand wheels. The mechanical clutch should stop the compression movement before the pressure reaches 250 N (55 lbs.). If the compression exceeds this, adjust the clutch by removing the back cover of the C-arm and turning the sealed and labeled screw. Do not forget to lock the screw after adjustment. 4.3.5 Testing the x-ray field illumination Select the desired film size, load the film into the cassette and put the cassette and diaphragm in their places. Select the manual mode (25 kV, 20 mAs). Place a piece of white paper (18 x 24 and/or 24 x 30) on the cassette holder so that the light field can be seen clearly. Place for example some coins in the corners of the area illuminated on the cassette holder and make an exposure. Develop the film. The coins on the film should not be more than +- 5 mm out of the exposed field. If they are, adjustment must be performed for the light field.
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TROUBLESHOOTING & ERROR MESSAGES 5.1

E.01 E.02 E.03 E.04 E.05 E.07 E08 E09 E10 E11 E12 E.r1 E.r2 E.r3 E.r4 E.r5 C.br C.bU C.CA C.CH C.Cn C.Co C.dE C.ES C.PS O.FL r.EL r.ES N/A EXP2 N/A N/A BHOME CASNOK/ CASBUC CHON BHOME BLE N/A N/A N/A N/A
Error message chart

Signal line MAOK GENOK STARTOK SERIAL N/A RUNOK Short explanation of the error No tube current or the preheat level far too low. No kV. Anode too hot or the anode motor does not start. Communication error between FILAMENT CONTROL board and CPU board. Exposure counter exceeds the preset limit. Stator voltage too high during exposure. Bad connection in breast thickness measurement potentiometer. Beam filter is not in its position. Compression force display error. C-arm angle display error. Link error between CPU and C-arm Control board. Check sum error in the EPROM. Check sum error in the EEPROM. External RAM error. EPROM error in C-arm display board. RAM error in C-arm display board. Brake released during exposure. Bucky does not find the HOME position. CASOPTO board does not sense the cassette or it wasn't changed after last exposure. CPU does not sense the cassette holder. CPU does not sense the bucky connection. CPU does not sense the diaphragm or wrong size of diaphragm. Exposure time is less than integration time. Exposure button line is activated when unit is turned on. IQC, System control out of range > 40%. Exposure time exceeded 5 seconds. Exposure button released prematurely. Microprocessor reset.
Error code
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U.FL S.Lo S.YS t.oF E.AF N/A LOW

Integration time is less than 20 millisecs. 1 Low line voltage or 2. Fault in the INVERTER board. CPU error. Motor time out error. Communication error CPU - AEC.
Table 5.1.
Error message chart
5.2
Useful information to have when calling for assistance

a) 1. 2. 3. b) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. c) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. General (required information) Serial number of the unit. Name of the operator who experienced the problem. Software revision level. (Shown on mAs-display and C-arm Control board when power is switched on) For phototiming questions (AEC) Film/screen combination used. Temperature of the developer. What is the gross fog, speed index, contrast index of the film developed in the processor? Was any work done on processor just prior to problem? Did problem appear suddenly or gradually? Breast compression, kV selected, type of view, mAs of exposure, detector positioning, filter selected, which imaging mode? Other problems What is the history of the problem? Error codes on the display, error codes in error counter (service program menu/58, cnt/r What have you done to attempt a fix? Is it hard failure or intermittent? If intermittent, how often per day? Did problem appear as a result of some other work performed on the unit? Is any other equipment exhibiting intermittent problems?
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5.3
E.01 Error message explanation

NO TUBE CURRENT The FILAMENT CONTROL board compares the mA-feedback voltage MAFB to a reference value that is about 80% of the actual mA-reference voltage. When the feedback exceeds this reference value it sends a MAOK signal to the CPU board. If the CPU does not get this signal in 0.2 seconds after EXT signal, the processor terminates the exposure and gives error message E.01. This can depend of a problem either in kV- or in mA- circuitry, because if the high voltage (kV) is absent, anode current (mA) can not be produced. . a. b. c. CONNECTORS. Check that all connectors on INVERTER and FILAMENT CONTROL boards are properly installed SUPPLY VOLTAGES. Check that all supply voltages are present (See section 5.28). FILAMENT MOSFETs. Turn the unit off. Connect the common of your DVM to the leg of resistor R38 and plus to the leg of resistor R50. You should read .4 volts using diode range. mA REFERENCE. Turn the unit on and measure the mA reference voltage from test point TP15. At 27kV (large focus) the reference voltage should be appr. 2,78 volts. SOFTSTART. Go to PERFORMA, ALPHA softstart procedure, (2.12 on Installation Instructions Manual).
d.
e.
NOTE:
IF THE PREHEAT CAN NOT BE ADJUSTED AS DESCRIBED IN THE SOFTSTART PROCEDURE, CHANGE THE HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER. OTHER REASONS Very slow tube current rise (easily with small focus) No kV No filament in the X-ray tube Connector to filaments open
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5.4

NO KV On units with INVERTER and FILAMENT CONTROL Boards, the E.02 error indicates that there is no kV present. This can happen if either the INVERTER board or the HIGH VOLTAGE UNIT is faulty. The problem can also be that the FILAMENT CONROL board does not provide necessary control signals for the Inverter board. a. b. CONNECTORS. Check that all connectors on INVERTER and FILAMENT CONTROL boards are properly installed MOSFETs. DISCONNECT ALL CONNECTORS FROM INVERTER BOARD 1. Connect the common of your DVM to test point TP3 and plus to test point TP1. You should read .4 volts in diode range. 2. Connect the common of your DVM to test point TP4 and plus to test point TP1. You should read .4 volts in diode range. 3. Connect the common of your DVM to test point TP2 and plus to test point TP3. You should read .4 volts in diode range. 4. Connect the common of your DVM to test point TP2 and plus to test point TP4. You should read .4 volts in diode range. FUSE. Measure that the fuse has not been blown SUPPLY VOLTAGES. Turn the unit on. Check that all supply voltages are present (See section 5.28). MOSFET DRIVER. Go to service mode. Make an exposure without X-rays. (See section 3.4.3.8; remember jumper X8 on FILAMENT CONTROL Board) Make sure that the LEDs H4, H5, H6, H7, H11 and H12 are lit during the exposure. kV REFERENCE. Turn the unit on and measure the kV reference voltage from test point TP24. At 27kV the reference voltage should be app. 2,7 volts.
c. d. e.
f.
NOTE!
IF THE INVERTER BOARD APPEARS TO WORK CORRECTLY CHANGE THE HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER. OTHER REASONS - Inverter board - HV-unit IF HV-UNIT CHANGED: - Check kV - Check Preheat - Check AEC
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5.4.1 Testing of the new Alpha generator (new generator consisting of the inverter and filament board) Follow the testing procedure if the Inverter Board seems to be working well, the system gives E02 error messages and it is not clear if there is a problem with the HV-unit, the HV-cable or with the X-ray tube 1) 2) Open connector X4 on Filament Board. This disconnect the filaments from their power supply On Filament Board move jumper X8 between pins 1 & 2. The jumper is normally between 2 & 3. This forces the filament supply always to take it's feedback from the filament voltage even during an exposure. Normally during an exposure the feedback is taken from the tube current. On Filament Board move Switch S1 to "TEST" position. This disables the CPU from getting the error message (E01) because of the missing tube current. Disconnect HV-cable from the HV- unit and start taking exposures with 20kV and gradually increase the kV setting. If you can take exposures up to 35kV, the HV-transformer is good Connect the HV-cable into the transformer and disconnect it from the tube. WITH A PLASTIC ROPE OR EQUIVALENT PULL THE LOOSE END OF THE HV-CABLE AWAY FROM THE PERFORMA, ALPHA. THIS IS TO MINIMIZE THE POSSIBILITY OF ARCING TO THE CHASSIS. Start making exposures with 20kV and increase the setting gradually. BE EXTREMELY CAREFUL!!! 9) If you can make exposures up till 35kV without E02-errors, the HVtransformer and the HV-cable are good and the reason for the error message can be in the x-ray tube.
3)
4) 5) 6) 7)
8) CAUTION!
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5.4.2 Testing of the old Alpha generator (old generator consisting of the Pulse Board, Base Drive and Power Board) Follow the testing procedure if the Power Board seems to be working well, the system gives E02 error messages and it is not clear if there is a problem with the HV-unit, the HV-cable or with the X-ray tube. 1) 2) Disconnect filaments by opening connector X2 on Base Drive. This disconnects the filaments from their power supply Remove ic-chip A7 (opto) on Pulse Board and put a short between pins 4 and 5.
This disables the CPU from getting the error message (E01) because of the missing tube current. 3) 4) 5) 6) Disconnect HV-cable from the HV- unit and start making exposures with 20kV and increase the setting gradually. If you can make exposures up till 35kV without E02-errors, the HVtransformer is good. Connect the HV-cable into the transformer and disconnect it from the tube. WITH A PLASTIC ROPE OR EQUIVALENT PULL THE LOOSE END OF THE HV-CABLE AWAY FROM THE ALPHA. THIS IS TO MINIMIZE THE POSSIBILITY OF ARCING TO THE CHASSIS. Start making exposures with 20kV and increase the setting gradually. BE EXTREMELY CAREFUL!!! 8) If you can make exposures up till 35kV without E02-errors, the HVtransformer and the HV-cable are good and the reason for the error message can be in the x-ray tube.
7) CAUTION!
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5.5

X-RAY TUBE IS HOT The condition of the AMD board during pre-heat is controlled by the CPU through the STARTOK signal. A disturbance generates E03. a. CONNECTORS. Check that all connectors coming to the AMD board are properly and right way installed. Check also that connector X36 on the X-ray tube is properly installed. THERMAL SWITCH Disconnect X36, measure between pins 1 and 3, and 2 and 3 on the tube side, if the circuit is open, the thermal switch is open. Measure the resistance between pins 1 and 2. The resistance should be about 66 ohms If the circuit is open and the resistance is right, wait about 45 minutes and check if the thermal switch is closed. If the resistance shows OL (over load) , the coils of the anode motor are broken, change the tube. LINE VOLTAGE. Check that the AMD board does get 220VAC between TP1 and TP2. If not check cabling and connections on X9. Measure the running voltage with a TRMS meter, between X4 pin 2 and X5 pin 2. . It should be about 30VAC. If not, adjust with trimmer R100. OTHER PROBLEM. Change the AMD board
b.
c.
d. HINT!
When the user gets the E03, leave the unit ON because the fan cools the tube. If measured with a nonTRMS meter, reading is about 20 - 30 VAC.
NOTE!
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5.6

Problem in serial communications between CPU and FILAMENT BOARD. The CPU board sends serial data to the serial-to-parallel latch (D3) located on the PULSE board (or FILAMENT CONTROL board). The CPU receives the same signal back from pin 2 of D3 (buffered and isolated through A9 and A5).If the received signal is different from the transmitted signal an E04 error message is indicated. a. CPU - FILAMENT CONTROL BOARD CABLE Check that the cable between FILAMENT CONTROL and CPU board is properly installed (connector X5 on CPU board, connector X1 on filament control). FUSES F1 - F4. Check that the fuses on the FILAMENT BOARD (F1-F4 BASE DRIVE Board) are not blown. FILAMENT BOARD (BASE DRIVE) VOLTAGE. Using the negative side of capacitors. C11 - C14 as ground, measure the voltage across C11 - C14 (+32VDC - +37VDC), from the case of TO3-regulator A3 (+20VDC), from fuse F3 (-15VDC) and from fuse F4 (+15VDC). If one of the voltages are missing or out of range, change the FILAMENT BOARD (BASE DRIVE) board. D1, D2 or A4 BROKEN. If spare circuits available, change circuits, if not, change the PULSE board. the
b. c.
d. e.
8031 PROCESSOR BROKEN. If spare circuits available change the microprocessor 8031, if not, change the CPU board.
E.04 with software 6.01 and higher (units with INVERTER and FILAMENT CONTROL boards). f. SUPPLY VOLTAGES. Turn the unit on. Check that all supply voltages are present on FILAMENT CONTROL Board. (See section 5.28).
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5.7
E.05 Error message explanation (software 5.08 and higher)

Error E05 indicates that the preset exposure counter limit has been exceeded. The unit does not allow further exposures until the limit has been adjusted. USAGE Entering in the limit setting: Press Den- and mAs- all the time and switch the power on. When display starts blinking, keep pressing Denand mAs- and reset the program by pressing AutoExp. Changing the limit: Press Den- or Den+, 0 means no limit (OFF), other values indicate amount of the accepted exposures. Altogether there are 50-50 000 possible limit variations. Exiting the limit setting: Press kV-.
5.8
E.06 ERROR MESSAGE EXPLANATION

Error E06 is caused if there is a communication problem between the Alpha ID (Dataview) PC-controller and the Performa, Alpha RT/IQ. The Alpha ID (Dataview) sends a check request to the Performa, Alpha unit, 12 seconds after the last communication. If Dataview does not get any respond a E06 error code is displayed. a. b. c. d. e. Check the cable connection between the Performa, Alpha unit and the Alpha ID (Dataview). Check that the Performa, Alpha RT/IQ program is correctly selected in the setup mode. (If Dataview, "i" is always 0 or 1. With Alpha ID i =2.). Check that Performa, Alpha unit is turned on. Check that the Alpha ID (Dataview) is turned on. Check Alpha ID (Dataview) setup (see Alpha ID (Dataview) Operation Instructions).
ATTENTION! With Alpha ID2: a) using Delta 16, i=3 b) without Delta 16, i=1
5.9
E.07 ERROR MESSAGE EXPLANATION

Problem flagged by signal RUNOK generated by the ANODE MOTOR DRIVER. Run voltage is too high. a. RUN VOLTAGE. Measure the run voltage, it should be around 30 V. Go to Anode Run Voltage Procedure in the Alignment & Adjustment section.
If nothing else works, change the AMD board and/or CPU. Check cabling.
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5.10 E.08 ERROR MESSAGE EXPLANATION

The digital compression thickness display does get an analog voltage information from the slide potentiometer located on the C-arm frame. On the Performa, Alpha RT/IQ the kV is set automatically based on the compression thickness. If the analog voltage is missing, the Auto-kV would not work properly. When the compression is driven to the lowest position the voltage output is not 0V.If a connection problem occurs, the voltage drops to 0V and a E08 error message will be activated. Exposures are inhibited during the error message. a. Check the slide potentiometer connection and clean the potentiometer surface.
5.11 E.09 Error message explanation (PERFORMA, RT/IQ)

PERFORMA, RT/IQ ERROR WITH FILTER The beam filter position is controlled by two microswitches. If the filter is not in position a E09 error message will be activated. a. Check the beam filter mechanism, microswitches, C-arm control board and motor.
5.12 E.10 Error message explanation

Error in the compression force measurement. The micro controller on the C-arm Control board gets incorrect readings from the analog to digital converter. a. b. c. Check that the offset voltage of the ICA4 amplifier is 500mV when there is no strain on the compression paddle. (Measure between TP5 and TP6). Check the cabling. Check that the C-arm angle measurement is correctly calibrated. The carm angle value is used for compensation in the force measurement routine.
E.10 occurs also if the compression paddle is driven past the upper microswitch against the mechanical limit. d. Drive paddle totally up.
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Error in the c-arm angle measurement The CPU board gets incorrect readings from the analog to digital converter on the Filament Control board. a. b. c. d. Check the cabling Check the potentiometer reading with an ohm meter. Check the FILAMENT BOARD Check measurement potentiometer (max. position 5 kohms, 2.5 kohms when 0 degrees.

Error in the serial link between CPU board and C-arm Control board The communication between CPU board and C-arm Control board is not working. a. Check the cabling b. Check the supply voltages on both boards. c. Change C-arm control board and /or CPU
5.15 E.r1 Error message explanation

Error in the EPROM checksum (Program chip). a. b. Check the seating of the chip Change the EPROM or the whole CPU board.
After changing software: Pr-mode - scroll through (Press Autoexp) - come out.
5.16 E.r2 ERROR MESSAGE EXPLANATION

Error in the EEPROM. a. Change the EEPROM or the whole CPU board. After changing software: Pr-mode - scroll through(Press Autoexp) come out - calibrate the displays.

Error in the external RAM. a. Change the RAM or the whole CPU board. After changing software: Pr-mode - scroll through(Press Autoexp) come out.
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Error in the C-arm Control board EPROM (Software chip). a. Change the EPROM or the whole C-arm Control board.

Error in the C-arm Control board EEPROM a. Change the EEPROM or the whole C-arm Control board.
5.20 S.Lo Error message explanation

POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE TOO LOW The FILAMENT CONTROL board monitors the line voltage by comparing the unregulated, rectified 24VAC voltage to a fixed voltage on the FILAMENT CONTROL board. If the rectified 24VAC (+34V) voltage falls below app. 20V during the preheat sequence the LOW signal is activated telling the CPU to inhibit the exposure a. b. c. d. Check the line voltage Check the +34V voltage on FILAMENT CONTROL board Check the mains transformers Check mains voltage during exposure (it should not go under 190VAC). If mains voltage is too low, use a step up transformer.
5.21 C.Br Error message explanation (Software 7.27 and up)

a. b. Check that the patient has not pressed the brake button during exposure. Check the brake circuit
5.22 C.bu Error message explanation

Bucky home signal not sensed after exposure. Bhome activated for over 500ms. (the turn around takes too long,/ Bhome is continuously activated). What is most likely happening: After an exposure => The grid will be positioned so that the movement is stopped immediately after the turn around = when leaving biome. If that does not happen (the D connector is not properly seated?) => C.bu a. b. CONNECTOR X4. Check that the bucky control cable connector X4 on the CPU is properly installed. BUCKY CONTROL BOARD. Remove the carbon cover of the bucky. Check that all signals are received from X4 on the CPU board to the BUCKY CONTROL board.
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c. d.
VISUAL INSPECTION. Check visually that the grid can move freely. FAULTY CPU BOARD. Change the CPU board.
5.23 C.CA Error message explanation

Cassette sensing board does not sense the cassette a. a. Adjust opto gain from trimmer R11 on Cas-opto board (Optipoint). CASSETTE CHANGE. Make sure that the customer does not use an other cassette to push out the loaded cassette from the cassette holder. The CAS-OPTO board does not interpret this as a cassette change. CASNOR SIGNAL. Check the CASNOR signal receives to the CPU board on X2 pin 19. If signal is received, change D27, D8 and D15 if spare circuit available, else change the whole CPU board. If signal is not received change the CAS-OPTO board. .
b.
5.24 C.Ch Error message explanation

Cassette holder is not being sensed a. b. CASSETTE HOLDER. Cassette holder is not properly installed. CODE MAGNETS. Check that the code magnets located under the cassette holder are present
Seen from the bottom of the cassette holder, with the breast side against chest. small /large NORM. CASS. TUNNEL X X X X/O X = magnet BUCKY O X X X/O O = empty MAGNIFICATION O X O O STEREOTACTIC O X O O c. C-SENSE BOARD
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5.25 C.Cn Error message explanation

Bucky connection is not sensed. Bhome is not activated at all. (5sec time limit) a. b. c. BUCKY CONNECTION. Check that the bucky is properly attached. Control also that the connector pins on the bucky are not bent. BUCKY SIGNALS. Perform test as described in 3.4.4.5. GRID IS STUCK.
5.26 C.Co Error message explanation

Diaphragm is not sensed. a. b. MICROSWITCH. Check that the microswitch is properly aligned CABLING. Measure on the CPU board that pins 8 and 9 on X2 are shorted when the diaphragm microswitch is closed. If yes, change D16 and D21 on the CPU board if spare circuits available, else change the whole CPU board. If pins 8 and 9 are not shorted, change the microswitch COLLIMATOR INTERLOCK. Wrong film size vs. diaphragm.
c.
5.27 C.ES Error message explanation

If the exposure button is damaged and short circuited a C-ES error message and a beep is activated. Exposures are inhibited until the error has been corrected. a. Check the exposure button line (see dia mode)
5.28 C.PS Error message explanation

If the correction rate in the IQC system control mode is more than +/-40% (+/20% in Germany) compared to the exposure time calibrated during the installation, a C.PS error message will be activated. NOTE! Exposures are not inhibited. a. Film processor has drifted too much. Call for film processor service.
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5.29 C.dE Error message explanation

(With the old software the microprocessor has calculated that exposure time would be less than integration time.) New software: Too much radiation to detector. a. b. c. TOO HIGH kV in Semi-AEC. Decrease the kV with 1 - 2kV. AEC DETECTOR. If a patient with small breasts, check detector has been in the position nearest the chest wall that the
AMPLIFIER GAIN. Check that he gain adjustment on the AMPLIFIER board is not set too high.
5.30 O.FL Error message explanation

Problem: The time interval between the signal AUTEXP from the CPU board to the PHOTOTIMER board and CNTRDY from the AMPLIFIER board back to the CPU board is too long causing exposure times that would exceed the maximum
a. b. c.
TOO LOW kV. Increase the kV with 1 - 2kV. AMPLIFIER GAIN. The gain adjustment on the PHOTOTIMER / AEC board is set too low WITH SOFTWARE 7.27 AND UP. Change the full AEC kV table (Pr#62 AEC parameter E) or increase the kV max. change value (Pr mode) CHECK THE BUCKY CONNECTION (apply some compression on the bucky)
d.
- Exposure monitoring: O.FL and kV display flashing
5.31 R.EL Error message explanation

The hand switch was released prior to the end of an exposure. a. b. HAND SWITCH. Check the connections in the hand switch CABLING. Check the exposure cable.
With software 6.xx a broken AEC board may give R.EL.
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5.32 R.ES Error message explanation

Indicates a reset of the microprocessor on the CPU board. Normally activated when the machine is turned on or the reset button on CPU board is pressed. Otherwise it indicates a disruption of the voltage applied to the CPU board. a. DISTURBANCE. Control that no spike, generated as a result of an E02 error, or some static electricity caused the R.ES code.
OTHER REASONS - CPU supply voltage - Missing HV-grease - Bad grounding - Bad HV-unit - Bad 5V cabling from CPU
5.33 (U.FL Error message explanation) not used

With software up to 6.xx (integration time based AEC): Integration time is less than 20 milliseconds. Exposures resulting from such short integration time are too dark. a. CHECK THE BUCKY CONNECTION (apply some compression on the bucky)
With software 7.xx and up: Phototimer frequency out of range. - Check AEC system - Check diaphragm - Check detector
5.34 S.YS (Software 7.27 and up)

Cpu error. a. b. c. d. Check CPU supply voltage Check cabling Change the RAM circuit on CPU Change the CPU
5.35 t.OF (Software 7.27 and up)

Motor timeout error. Motor runs too long (Vertical movement, filter motor, compression motor, ECS motor) a. b. Check motor cabling Check stop limit microswitches (filter, compression, ECS)
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5.36 E.AF (Software 7.27 and up)

Poor connection between CPU and AEC boards. Incorrectly adjusted AEC offset voltages. Autozeroing circuit does not work at start up. a. b. c. Check the cabling. Adjust the AEC board offset voltages. If you are using the 32315 AEC board with software 7.27 or later, you can remove the capacitor C35 (22uF) on the 32315 AEC board.
5.37 No power indications

a. b. c. Check the mains switch. Check that the power cable and the display cable are connected. Check the circuit breaker (proper main fuses 15 A slow) in the rear bottom.
Open the side covers and check that three LED:s (H1-H3) on the SUPPLY board are lit. If they are not, check fuses on the SUPPLY board, supply cables, and power supply connections. Measure that proper secondary voltages are available at supply transformers T1 and T2. If LEDs on the SUPPLY board are still not lit replace the SUPPLY board.
5.38 AEC Inoperative

Check cabling to the PHOTOTIMER / AEC board, supply voltages 12V, +5V on the PHOTOTIMER / AEC , and continuity of AUTOEXP and CNTRDY signals. Measure the AUTOEXP signal with an oscilloscope. The CPU should set the signal up 30ms after the radiation rise. If the amplifier does not receive the signal, check the CPU board. Measure the CNTRDY / AECFRQ signal coming from the amplifier. Make sure you have no absorption in the radiation field. If you have a PHOTOTIMER board the signal should go down for 150s. If the signal does not go down, change the amplifier and the detector. If you have an AEC board the AECFRQ signal should contain high frequency. To check whether the CPU sees this frequency press autorel button in service mode. If the numbers displayed in the kV and mAs window show 00 then there is something wrong with the cabling or AEC board. - Check grounding. - Check Cassettes/films/screens - Check detector positioning - Check HV-grease - Check spot diaphragm
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5.39 Software diagnostic mode

The software includes a diagnostic mode which presently has two parts. The first is a software counter which records the number of error messages seen and also the number of exposures. The second gives a readout of switch and signal status. 5.39.1 Entering Diagnostic Mode 1. 2. 3. Turn the unit on Enter "service" (SER) mode by simultaneously pressing the kV- and densitybuttons. Enter the service mode special program menu by simultaneously pressing density+ and densitybuttons until the "Pr 51" mode is displayed on the timer display. Press kV+ until "58 CeC" is displayed. Press Autoexp to enter the program. To return to the menu press "autoexp" again.
5.39.2 Error readout By pressing the "kV+" button the occurrence of the different error messages can be controlled. The "kV" & "mAs" displays are read together to give the total error occurrence. For example: kV display = 00
mAs display = 010 error code xx occurred 10 times
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5.39.3 Switch and signal status display Select special program "59 Cin" and enter it by pressing "autoexp". This program is the switch and signal status display. The timer display indicates which device and port on the CPU board is reading the switch. The kV display indicates the bit connected to and the mAs display tells the state. A change from LO to HI indicates that the line activated when pressing a press button is ok. The normal function of the press button is inhibited in this mode. SWITCH kVkV+ mAsmAs+ densitydensity+ AUTO REL AUTO EXP Handswitch Comp up Comp down Z up Z down COLL micro CHL micro CHR micro CHON micro COMP micro CASNOR CASBUC INTERFACE DEVICE dS2 dS2 dS2 dS2 dS2 dS2 dS3 CP1 P2A P2A P2A P2A P2b P2b P2b P2b P2A P1C CP1 Table 5.2. IC/PIN on CPU CARD D29/13 D15/38 D29/13 D15/39 + b0 (R0) + b1 (R1) BIT NORMAL STATUS LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW
D29/13 + D15/1 b2 (R2) D29/13 + D15/2 b3 (R3) D29/13 + D15/5 b4 (R4) D29/13 + D15/6 b5 (R5) D29/13 + D15/7 b6 (R6) D1/2 D16/37 D16/38 D16/3 D16/4 D16/25 D16/24 D16/24 D16/22 D16/2 D8/12 D1/1 Switch status display chart b1 b7 b6 b1 b0 b7 b5 b6 b4 b2 b5 b0
EXIT FROM THIS MODE
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5.40 SUPPLY VOLTAGES

SUPPLY BOARD a) TP7 to TP1 b) TP7 to TP2 c) TP7 to TP3 d) TP7 to TP4 e) TP7 to TP5 f) TP7 to TP6 CPU BOARD h) across C36 C&Z BOARD i) TP1 to TP j) TP3 to TP4 k) TP8 to TP6 l) TP8 to TP7 brake lamp Vin CPU +AEC in -AEC in Vin CPU Comp up/dn Vert up/dn Vin bucky Vin CPU 26 Vdc 33 Vdc 11.5 Vdc**(R8 set to 160 lx in USA) 23 Vdc 20 Vdc -20.5 Vdc 5.1 Vdc 22 Vdc 25 Vdc 24 Vdc 5.1 Vdc 10 Vdc 5 Vdc
PULSE BOARD m) Anode V3 tp R25 (D/A) n) V3 t0 A16 - 18 pin 16 BASE DRIVE BOARD o) See soft start procedure FILAMENT CONTROL BOARD p) TP12 to TP9 q) TP12 to TP10 +Vcc r) TP12 to TP11 -Vcc INVERTER BOARD s) TP29 to TP27 t) TP29 to TP30
35.0 Vdc +15 Vdc -15 Vdc
+Vcc -Vcc
+15 Vdc -15 Vdc
C-ARM CONTROL BOARD u) TP2 to TP3 +Vcc
+5 Vdc
** = in Performa, Alpha RT/IQ units in USA voltage is about 9 Vdc.
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5.41 Grid lines

The grid in the bucky is stuck, too slow or connector are bad. a. Check cassette holder recognition - magnets under the bucky - Check reed relays on Csense board b. Check grid speed - Speed should be about 1.2-1.4 sec for slow movement time - Adjustment from the Bucky Control board using the Pr #61 bUC - Check the speed when c-arm tilted 0, -90 and +90 degrees c. Supply voltages to the bucky - Check that the pins in connectors are not bent d. Grid alignment and movement - is the grid stuck (motor and gearbox maybe broken). - sides of the grid may not touch the sides of the frames. - The grid has to be close to the carbon fiber in the front but may not touch. - is the grid properly attached to the blocks holding it. - when the breast is compressed, does the carbon fiber top bend and touch the mechanism. e. Grid movement detection - is the opto isolator recognizing the movement.
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5.42 ECS Trouble shooting

Problem The ECS does not move. Items to check The autoreturn function does not work. The signal from the switches reaches the X3 on ECS board The motor is connected to the X6 on the ECS board The optocouplers for movement limits are ok (see leds H7 and H8) The motor works (use external voltage supply) The autoexp led on Performa, Alpha control panel is lit The connectors X2, X3, X4 and X5 are properly connected The ECS does not stop when the compression reaches the current limit. The return function does not work. The ECS moves too slow. The signals from the switches do not reach connector X3 on ECS board Adjust the speed reference from trimmer pot R37 or R59 (down / up) The ECS moves too fast. Adjust the speed reference from trimmer pot R37 or R59 (down / up) C-arm brake does not work. Check the microswitch on the side of the ECS mechanism Check the photointerrupters and the metal plate sliding to the photointerrupter slot ECS does not move from ECS pedal. Check pulses from compression motor encoder The connector X3 is not properly connected
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REPAIR INSTRUCTIONS 6.1 FUSE RATING / LOCATION CHART

RATING PURPOSE Fuse to the 220 line Fuses to the 220 line 24 VAC prior to the regulation, for AMD, C, Z and the break F2 F3 FILAMENT BOARD: F1 F2 F3* F4* INVERTER BOARD: F1 F2* F3* ANODE MOTOR DRIVER: F1 Table 6.1. 10 ASB/ 250 V 220 VAC to rotor 5 ASB/ 32 V 500 mAF/32V (PULSE board*) 6 A T/ 32 V 6 A T/32 V 1 ASB/32 V 1 ASB/32V (POWER board*) 20AF/500V (16AFF/500V*) 16 AFF/ 500 V 1 ASB/ 32 V Dcinput to INVERTER board DC-input to POWER board DC-input to POWER board 15 VAC to protection circuit 24 VAC to regulators 24 VAC to regulators -15 VDC to PULSE board +15 VDC to PULSE board 18 VAC prior to regulation for the CPU and lamp 15 VAC prior to regulation for the AMPLIFIER board
LOCATION
EXTERNAL: AUTOMATIC 15 A/ 250 V FUSE OR F1, F2 15 ASB/ 250 V SUPPLY BOARD: F1 4 ASB/ 32 V
Fuse rating & location table (* Old type generator)
Fuse rating should always be higher than the voltage in the circuit to be protected. WARNING! Always install the proper fuse into the unit. Failure to do so jeopardizes the safety of the patient, operator and system.
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6.2
NOTE! NOTE!
COLUMN REPAIR
The counterweight is heavy. Be careful when handling it. Remember to insert the counterweight assembly pin in the column before starting the repair.
6.2.1 Tilt down the column Remove the power supply plug. Remove the C-arm. Remove the two bolts on both sides of the floor plate (A). Open the two wall bolts and take slowly down the column. If the unit is installed on a freestanding base plate, remove the sidepieces by opening the screws inside. Do not let the column fall free on the floor. Put some soft material below the column to avoid damage. 6.2.2 Replacing the floor plate When the column is lying on the floor, remove the two bolts (B) from the floor plate on both sides of the column.
220
400
Figure 6.1
Floor plate
Figure 6.1b Performa floor plate
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6.2.3 Replacing the Z-motor Insert the counter weight pin and drive the carriage up until the counterweight rests against the pin. Lift up the carriage (this requires two persons while otherwise the c-arm may turn and the carriage fall down causing damage to the unit) and put two boards (25 x 100 x 1400 mm for the short column, 25 x 100 x 1620 for the long column) under the carriage sides. Secure the boards straps. Loosen the four lower bolts, and lift of the column cap. NOTE! If no boards available, take down the column as described in 6.2.1
CAUTION! Be careful not to drop any parts into the column. Remove the two screws on top of the column. Lift up the cap and remove it from the top of the column. Be careful not to scratch the column. Unplug the connector. Loosen the two lock screws (C) in the pulley. Unscrew and remove the motor assembly bolt (A) of the pulley. Remove the two screws (B) which attach the motor plate to the cap, see figure 6.2. Replace the Z-motor. To achieve correct shaft alignment the motor assembly bolt (A) must be tightened (max. 15Nm) holder screws. Check the alignment by running the motor with slack wires before installing the cap assembly.
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6.2.4 Replacing the column cap Remove the cap of the column as described in 6.2.3. Remove motor as described in 6.2.3. Remove the cable coming through the top of the cap. Replace the old cap. Place the wires first on the new pulley, and fit the pulley to the new column cap. Push the motor assembly axle (D) in place against the motor axle, and tighten the screws so that they go into the holes of the motor assembly axle (D). Fasten the motor plate to the cap with screws (B), see figure 6.2. Screw the motor assembly bolt (A) in place by using torque, max 15 Nm (133 in lbs.). Check the assembly of the wires and the column cap and lift the column so that the counterweight pulls the wires, and position the column cap in its place. Fasten the four bolts, and connect the motor plug.
Figure 6.2
Column cap
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Figure 6.2b
New version of Column cap
In the new version of column cap the tightening torque of nut 5477 is 4Nm at the factory. The washers 3587 are spring washers and they are installed so that last four washers are turned around in pairs of two facing each other (pattern would be >><><>) making a spring package.
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6.2.5 Replacing the mechanical stopper Tilt down the column as described in 6.2.1 and remove the top cover. Remove the screws of the limiter, located in the back of the column, and remove the limiter. Tighten the new limiter screws, and replace the column cap. 6.2.6 Replacing the wires Take down the column as described in 6.2.1 and remove the column cap. Be careful not to scratch the column. Release the wires by moving the carriage upwards. Unplug the connector. Remove the mechanical stopper as described in 6.2.5. Pull out the counterweight of the column and detach the wires. Loosen the two lock screws (C) in the pulley. Unscrew and remove the motor assembly bolt (A). Remove the two screws (B) which attach the motor plate to the cap and remove the motor, see figure 6.2. Remove the motor assembly axle (D). NOTE! The motor assembly axle (D) moves through the motor end only.
NOTE!
When replacing the wires, pay attention to the order of the wires in the fastening plate. Pull the carriage out of the column to facilitate changing the wires and checking the assembly. Remove back cover of the carriage. Remove Inverter board. Remove the assembly plate of the power unit. Open the nut that fastens the wire fastening plate and replace the wires. Place fastening plate, assembly plate of the power unit, Inverter board and assemble the column cap as described in 6.2.4.Push the carriage and counterweight back, and screw the mechanical stopper and the column cap back in place.
Figure 6.2c
Sliding unit of the carriage
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6.2.7 Replacing the counterweight Tilt down the column as described in 6.2.1 and remove the column cap and the limiter. Pull the counterweight out of the column so that you can release the wires. After changing the counterweight check the assembly again, carefully to avoid damages.
Figure 6.3.
Counterweight
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6.3
POWER UNIT REPAIR
6.3.1 Removal and assembly of the rear cover Unplug the mains cord. To remove the rear cover, unscrew the four screws on it, two at the top and two at the bottom. 6.3.2 Replacing the POWER / INVERTER board Unplug the mains cord. Remove the rear cover and disconnect all cables from the power/ inverter board. Remove the plastic nuts from the corners of the power board, and replace the board. Go to chapter 5, ALIGNMENT & ADJUSTMENT and check the kV, mA, preheat, and protection circuit. 6.3.3 Replacing other parts The capacitor is installed with a plastic holder. Open the plastic nut and replace the capacitor. Beware of electrical shocks.
Figure 6.4.
Inverter board
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6.4
CARRIAGE REPAIR
6.4.1 Removal and assembly of the side covers Loosen the screw holding the side cover and take the cover out. When reassembling, first put the upper side of the cover on its holders. 6.4.2 Replacing the mains transformers Remove the power supply plug. Remove the side covers. Remove all cables connected to the transformer, and open the four screws at the bottom of the transformer base. After replacing the transformer, check the cables carefully.
Figure 6.5.
Carriage
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Figure 6.5b. Performa carriage
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6.4.3 Replacing the boards on the electronic plate Open the screws holding the corners of the electronic plate. Pull out the whole electronic plate to the left side. Remove the cables and nuts in the corners of the board, which you intend to replace. Check the cables and assembly carefully. If you replace the PULSE board go to ALIGNMENT & ADJUSTMENT section and check kV, mAs, and preheat. If you replace the C&Z drive check compression force. If you replace the CPU board, EE-prom or the software go to Setup chapter on 2.13 in the Installation Instructions manual. 6.4.4 Replacing the SUPPLY board Remove all cables and screws holding the board and replace it. Check the cables and assembly carefully. After changing, go to ALIGNMENT & ADJUSTMENT section and check light intensity.
Figure 6.6.
Electronic plate
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6.4.5 Replacing the magnetic brake and its assembly Remove the side covers and pull out the electronic plate with the cables. Disconnect all cable connectors and pull loose connectors through the center axis on the C-arm. Remove the four nuts behind the brake, and remove the other parts in the following order: - locking plate with the counter plate for magnetic brake. - the disc springs - the magnetic brake connected to the assembly plate. See figures 6.7a, b and c. Unscrew the friction plate and replace it with a new one. Replace the other parts: magnetic brake, 4x7 pairs of disc springs, locking plate, and finally the locking nuts. Tighten the four nuts so that the locking plate is completely shut. Then unscrew them half a turn. The brake is adjusted using a 20 VDC power supply connected to the brake. The adjustment is performed either by tightening or loosening the holding nuts. The brake should be adjusted in such a way that the holding force measured from the cassette holder should be less than 20 N (4 lbs.) with the brake off and greater than 110 N (24 lbs.) with the brake on. C-arm Brake adjustment Check that the brake has 110N (27lbs) of holding force measured at the cassette holder. If not, open the side covers of the carriage and tighten the nyloc nuts (3). If the brake does not release properly, open the nuts (1), and adjust the space (4) with the screws (2). The space should be about 0.1 - 0.4 mm.
Figure 6.7a
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Figure 6.7b
Figure 6.7c
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Figure 6.7d
Performa
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6.4.6 Replacing the MGF DISPLAY board Open the four screws at the bottom of the display box and remove the rear cover of the box. Open the holder screws, remove the cables and replace the board.
Figure 6.8.
Display board
Figure 6.8b
Performa display board
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6.5
C-ARM REPAIR
6.5.1 Removal and assembly of the C-arm covers Remove the four screws on top of the top cover. Lift up the cover and remove it. Remove the two screws near the collimator opening to remove the lower cover. Turn the C-arm in a lateral position to remove the back cover of the C-arm. Disconnect the cables for pcb boards and 6.5.2 Replacing the handgrips Remove the C-arm and the back cover. Disconnect the handgrip buttons and unscrew the handgrips. Attach new handgrips and connect the buttons. Replace the C-arm and the covers and check the assembly. 6.5.3 Replacing the brake switch Unscrew the switch, disconnect the wires, and replace the switch. 6.5.4 Replacing the vertical drive control switch The switches are located in the lower cover of the C-arm. Therefore to remove them, remove first the upper cover and then the lower cover and push the switch out. Install a new one and test the movement direction.
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Figure 6.9.
C-arm
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Figure 6.9.
Performa C-arm
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6.5.5 Replacing the x-ray tube Remove the C-arm covers and diaphragm, and disconnect the plugs of the tube and unscrew the four bolts below the tube(1/4 x 20 UNC). The bolts inside the collimator require a long hexagonal wrench. Go to ALIGNMENT & ADJUSTMENT section and check kV, mAs and preheat. 6.5.6 Replacing the high voltage unit Disconnect the ground wires and the plugs of the high voltage unit, and loosen the four screws, two on each side of the unit. After replacing it, check the assembly and the ground cables carefully. Go to ALIGNMENT & ADJUSTMENT section and check kV, mAs and preheat. 6.5.7 Replacing the AMD board Unplug the mains cord. Remove the upper cover of the C-arm and disconnect all cables leading to the anode motor drive board. Replace the board, reconnect all cables, and check the assembly. Go to ALIGNMENT & ADJUSTMENT section and check the run voltage NOTE! ALIGNMENT & ADJUSTMENT section is in the Installation Instructions manual.
Figure 6.10. Anode motor drive board
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6.5.8 Replacing the compression motor Remove the upper cover of the C-arm and unscrew the motor. Replace it and connect the motor plug. Go to ALIGNMENT & ADJUSTMENT section and check the compression force and adjust if needed. 6.5.9 Replacing the compression system Remove the C-arm and the back cover. Unscrew the four bolts holding the compression unit and remove it. Before assembling and tightening the bolts of the new unit, be sure that the beveled gears are perfectly placed, and also that the trapezoidal shaft has no slack. Go to ALIGNMENT & ADJUSTMENT section (in Installation Manual) and check the compression force and adjust if needed. On PERFORMA, RT/IQ make sure that the cable for the strain gages is properly placed and does not enter the compression mechanism. 6.5.10 Replacing the compression thickness measurement potentiometer Remove the c-arm. Remove the high voltage transformer. Remove the four screws on the potentiometer (two up and two down). Change the potentiometer. Check also the potentiometer glide located on the compression system mechanical clutch bracket. 6.5.11 Replacing the compression force measurement system (strain gages) Remove the C-arm and the back cover. Unscrew two bolts in the gear box and two bolts in the bearing block holding the compression unit and remove it. In the gear box detach the clutch and the cogwheel and release the shaft. Replace the part with strain gages and attach the shaft again. In the gearbox attach the cogwheel and the clutch. Install the compression mechanism in to the C-arm with the four bolts. Tighten the two bolts in the gearbox. Tighten the two bolts in the bearing block with your hand only and remove vertical slack from the shaft by pushing the bearing block towards the gearbox. Then tighten the two bolts in the bearing block. Install the C-arm. Go to the ALIGNMENT & ADJUSTMENT section (in Installation Manual) and check the compression force and adjust if needed. Make sure that the cable for the strain gages is properly placed and does not enter the compression mechanism. Calibrate the system with Pr 55 Cfo program in the service mode program menu. 6.5.12 Replacing the C-arm angulation measurement system (trim pot) Unscrew the two screws holding the trim pot and change the trimmer. Make sure with an ohm meter that the trimmer is exactly in the center position when the c-arm angle is zero. Turn the c-arm carefully and check that the trimmer pot does not reach it's end before the c-arm hits the mechanical stops. Calibrate the angle measurement with Pr 54 Can program in the service mode program menu.
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Figure 6.11. Old Compression system

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Figure 6.11b. New Compression system
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6.5.13 Replacing the cassette holder base cover Remove the cassette holder or Bucky device and open the screws of the cover. Disconnect the plugs from the cover, and replace the cover, the detector, or the CAS-OPTO board in the cover. 6.5.14 Replacing the cassette holder base Remove the base cover and take the cables out of the base. Unscrew the two attachment bolts and replace the base.
Figure 6.12
Cassette holder base
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Figure 6.12b Cassette holder base with Optipoint (Vectre in USA)
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6.5.15 Replacing the collimator Remove the upper, lower cover of the C-arm and the collimator plate. Disconnect the lamp cable. Unscrew the four collimator bolts on both sides and replace the collimator. To remove the lamp base, disconnect the cable, open the lock screw and unscrew the base. Go to the ALIGNMENT & ADJUSTMENT section and adjust the x-ray field and light field after replacement. 6.5.16 Replacing the light field bulb Turn the unit off and leave it for a while to allow the bulb to cool. Remove the collimator plate and the old bulb by pulling out. When fitting the new one, avoid touching the bulb with your fingers. Go to the ALIGNMENT & ADJUSTMENT section and check the light field alignment.
Figure 6.13
Replacing the collimator
Figure 6.14
Collimator
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6.5.17 Replacing the beam filter mechanism Remove the upper and lower cover from the c-arm. Remove the X-ray tube. The beam filter on Alpha III is attached directly on the lead frame. When replacing the filter change the whole lead frame. On PERFORMA, RT/IQ both Molybdenum and Rhodium filter are molded in the plastic filter frame. When replacing the filter change the whole plastic frame. 6.5.18 Replacing the compression display board Remove the upper and lower cover from the c-arm. The compression display board is located on the lower cover. Remove the attachment screws and replace the board. 6.5.19 Replacing the detector display board Remove the bottom plate of the detector display housing. Remove connector X1 from the detector display board and open the screw attaching the board to the housing. Open the white plastic on the cassette holder base. Remove the cable connectors from the two microswitches on both sides of the AEC detector. Replace the detector display board.
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6.5.20 ECS repair
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SCHEMATICS
7.1 Main wiring diagram ......................................................................... 31812-1JH 7.2 Supply board .................................................................. 32030-3SE, 32030-3KD 7.3 CPU board ..................................................................... 32245-3KC, 32245-3SE 7.4a C & Z Driver board (soft comp.) ................................. 33035-3KD, 33035-3SE 7.5a Display board ....................................................................................91420-3B4 7.5b Display board ....................................................................................91419-4C8 7.6a Cas-opto board OPTIPOINT .........................................33280-3S, 33280-3KA 7.6b Cas-opto board .................................................................................92983-4C1 7.6c Cas-opto board ..................................................................................92984-4B2 7.7a Bucky control board .........................................................................92670-4C7 7.7b Bucky control board .........................................................................92744-3B8 7.8 Anode Motor Driver board ...........................................32305-3SC, 32305-4KD 7.9 High voltage unit .................................................................................32370-4SB 7.10a Cassette holder sense .................................................................... 31438-4KA 7.10b Cassette holder sense ..................................................................... 31439-4SA 7.11 Compression Display board ........................................ 32010-3SA, 32010-4KB 7.12a AEC Display board OPTIPOINT .................................. 33275-4S, 33275-4K 7.12b Detector Display board ................................................... 32005-4S, 32005-4K 7.13 Inverter board .............................................................. 32220-3SE, 32220-3KD 7.14 Filament Control board ............................................... 32225-3SD, 32225-3KB 7.15 C-arm Control board ...................................................32310-3SC, 32310-3KA 7.16 C-arm Display board ........................................................ 32335-3S, 32335-4K 7.17a SMD AEC board OPTIPOINT ................................. 33270-3SA, 33270-3KB 7.17b AEC board ...................................................................... 32315-3S, 32315-4K 7.17c Phototimer board ............................................................ 32345-3S, 32345-4K 7.18 5 V Power Supply board OPTIPOINT (Only ST) ........... 32962-4S, 32962-4K 7.19 Sensor board OPTIPOINT ............................................... 32735-4S, 32735-3K
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7.20 ECS Driver Board ........................................................ 32720-3SD, 32720-3KA 7.21 Wiring diagram ECS 200.................................................................. 32862-2JB 7.22 Detector Optipoint ..............................................................................33285-3K 7.23 Software Block Diagram .................................................................... 33892-2L
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June 2000
Instrumentarium Imaging offices outside of Finland:
Instrumentarium Imaging P.O.Box 20, FIN-04301 Tuusula, Finland Tel. + 358 10 394 6500 Fax + 358 10 394 6501 info@fi.instrumentarium.com www.instrumentarium.com/imaging Instrumentarium Imaging, Inc 300 West Edgerton Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53207, USA Tel. +1 800 558 6120 Fax +1 414 481 8665 info@usa.instrumentarium.com usa.instrumentarium.com Instrumentarium Imaging France 4, Avenue des Roses, 94386 Bonneuil Sur Marne Cedex, France Tel. +33 1 43 39 51 51 Fax +33 1 43 39 75 75 instrumentarium.imaging@wanadoo.fr Instrumentarium Imaging Italia srl 20041 Agrate Brianza (MI) Centro Direzionale Colleoni, Viale Colleoni, 11, Interno 3, Italia Tel. +39 039 689 0408 Fax +39 039 609 1299 instrumentarium@it.instrumentarium.com www.instrumentarium.it Instrumentarium Imaging Dental GmbH P.O.Box 2044, 77680 KEHL AM RHEIN, Germany Tel. +49 7851 932 90 Fax +49 7851 932 930 pginstrum@aol.com ZIEHM GmbH Isarstrasse 40, D-90451 Nuremberg, Germany Tel. +49 911 642 070 Fax +49 911 642 0739 info@ziehm-eu.com www.ziehm-eu.com ZIEHM International Medical Systems 4181 Latham Street Riverside, CA 92501, (USA) Tel. + 1 909 781 6660 Fax +1 909 781 6457 imsca@aol.com. www.ziehm.com
2 GND BRAKE SWITCH
4
MERKKI
5
MUUT.NO MUUTOS
7
PIIRT. TARK.
8
HYV.
BRAKE SWITCH
MICRO SWITCH
MICRO SWITCH
E GND AMD GND C&Z GND extra D PROJ LAMP1 PROJ LAMP2
31812 31281
VAIHDETTU R14 100K->121K LISATTY LIITIN X4 GND CPU Vin CPU
GND BRAKE
BRAKE
Vin AMD
Vin C&Z
9.9.99 JaT 25.4.96 LTu + AMPLIFIER 3
13.6.96 HK GND AMPLIFIER 2
14.6.96 JJS
GND
PROJ RELAY 12
2k7 R20
TP2
TP5
TP9
1N4148
B TP8 R25 10k R24 BYV27 V10
R22 10k R16 R21 BT 139
100nF V11 1 2 10k R26
TP7
TP6
10k
C10
- AMPLIFIER 1
X4
X2
X3 14
15
11
10
13
B 10k R27
100k
TP1
CNY17 IV
ICD1
1N4148
R15
V7 BDX33A R11 10k
V12
TP4
10k
100k
10k 10k R25 R7 C3

+
5 C11 100nF C12 100nF
V9
39 V
ICA1
V8 100nF C6
13
4700
F 10k 10k R6 C5
+
6 7
Range Rmin SStart Cvco SGen -Vcc
Csync
Vsync
R10 TDA1185A 10k R4 C1

+
1N4004
14
VCC
2k2/5W
R5 C4
+
NC
R17
1k21
FB
11
V5
C2
+
470
470
9 10
12
NC 3 NC 5 8
C9
+
4700 4k32 R2 1N4004 V6
F H2 4k75 R3 H3 D
2200 5K62 R1
F H1
R14 121k R13 10k
1 F R18 100k R19 10k C8

+
R12 10k C7
+
V2
1N4004
1N4004
V3
V1
10 F
100 E
0.5AT
F3
V4
4AT
F1
5AT
F2
X1
X1
X1
X1
X1
X2
24 VAC
18 VAC
15 VAC
GND
PIIRT. TARK. HYV.
23.09.92 JJS 27.05.93 MTL 27.05.93 TI
LAITE LIITTYY
YLEISTOLERANSSI
MGF - 101/110
SUHDE
X1
6 SFS 4011
: MGF 32030-3SE
imaging
1 2 3 4 5
INSTRUMENTARIUM
NIMI
SUPPLY CARD
V 2.1 6 7
NO
ICD8 *KBDCS *WR *RD RST 3MHZ A0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ICD10 1 19 +5V 2 4 6 8 11 13 15 17 74HC244 2 4 6 8 74HCT244 3 2 1 ICD11 16 0 4 DMUX 1 2 2 1 3 & 4 5 6 7 74HCT138 2 WDRFS 5 6 9 12 15 16 19 8 N/C PROJRELO *ANENAO ANRUNO *ANSTARTO *ANSTOPO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 7 N/C N/C 18 16 14 12 N/C R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 22 11 10 9 3 21 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 8 7 6 5 2 1 39 38 CS/ WR/ 4 IRQ RD/ IRQ RST SHIFT 36 N/C CLK CNTL/STB 37 1 A0 BD 23 19 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 8279-5 B3 B2 B1 B0 A3 A2 A1 A0 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 2 4 6 8 11 13 15 17 74HCT244 RD6 RD5 RD4 RD3 RD2 RD1 RD0 N/C 7 RN21 5 3 1 4X10k 1 RN22 3 5 7 4X10k 7 RN25 8 5 6 3 4 1 2 4X10k 1 RN26 2 3 4 N/C 5 6 N/C N/C 7 8 N/C 4X1k 2 4 6 8 N/C 8 6 4 2 B3 B2 B1 B0 A3 A2 A1 A0 1 RN27 3 5 7
C111
+5V ICA1 X9 2 Vin CPU N/C N/C N/C 7 8 9 16 15 14

13 12
ICD9 EN1 EN2 18 16 14 12 9 7 5 3 B3 B2 B1 B0 A3 A2 A1 A0
2 4 6 8
ABB
L4962 2 1 3 6 N/C N/C N/C
L1 150uH
4X470R 1 RN28 2 3 5 7 4X470R 4 6 8
+5V GND B3 B2 B1 B0 A3 A2 A1 A0
1 23 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
X1
RN6 9X10k
C110
100n
6
100n 100n 5 6 C112
X5
ICD2 EXPO 4 74HC14 ICD2 2 74HC14 E ICD2 11 74HC14 1

3
RN2 4X10k RN2 4X10k
+5V N/C N/C
SERI RN3 9X10k

1
10
EXP SERIAL LATCH ENA CLOCK DATA EXP1 GND EXP1 C119 475R 100n
4 11 12 9 5 3 2 1 14 13
X5
MPTE-5 C39
R13
475R
5 4
11
10
+
470u C37
BYV27-100
RB
D2
H1
4k32
C36
4k75
R11
2u2
R9
R8
C34
2N2
15k
EN1 EN2
X9
GND ICD28 +5V +5V *PPI1AIN 1 19 2 4 6 8 11 13 15 17 74HC244 X8 ICD29 *PPI1BIN 1 19 2 4 6 8 11 13 15 17 74HC244 EN1 EN2 18 16 14 12 9 7 5 3 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 EN1 EN2 18 16 14 12 9 7 5 3 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
RD6 RD5 RD4 RD3 RD2 RD1 RD0
18 N/C 16 R6 14 R5 12 R4 9 R3 7 R2 5 R1 3 R0
33n C25
330p
C20
SL3 SL2 SL1 SL0
35 34 33 32 ICD6 1 EN A
R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0
*PPI1BIN *PPI1BOUT 21 X1 20 19 18 17 X1 16 15
22u
D3
1000u
C46
MPTE-36
C26
100n
D1
ICD5 19 EN 9 7 5 17 74HC244 1 RN20 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4X470 RN17 9X10k
EXP1 EXP1 GND
R34 22 25 26 1 5 23 24 7 2 8 9 11 15
9 10
X1
X4
LATCH EN CLOCKO DATAO AECFRQI
11 13 15 3
C114
100n
AECFRQ
C70 +
22U
(10u)
+5V
+5V (4u7)
C69
1N5818 D9
R16
100n
4k75
+5V "RESET" S1 3 1 4 2
(4u7)
C66 22U
1N4148
7 2 3
P6KE15 P6KE15
C52
2U2
100n
MAX232 (SP/AD232) R15 1K5
C55
15
D11
TL7705
+
D4
ICA2 8 6 S RI RO 5 C2 Vr 1
*RST RST H2
TXD RXD N/C
14 13 7 8
R35 100R
TXD1 RXD1 GND
1 2 3
ICD12 *RST *PPI1AOUT D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 11 3 4 7 8 13 14 17 18 R C1 1D
WDRFS ICA4
C4
ZDIRO ZRUNO CRUNO CDIRO CMANO NOCON0 NOCON1 NOCON2
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
N/C
100n
(10u)
C116
+ 22U
1 3 4 5 11 12 10 9
2 6
1N5818
C51
ICD37
16 D8
C65 + 22U
WDRFS PROJRELO AUTEXPO BUCKYONO *ANENAO ANRUNO *ANSTARTO *ANSTOPO RS232 PORT1
SL3 SL2 SL1 SL0 S2 S3
13 X1 12 11 10 14 24
1 C115 100n
CEND
10 9
ICD4 CASBUCO 8 74HC14 ICD4 BHOMEO 6 74HC14 5

7
RN2 4X10k RN2 4X10k
IB
6 4 5
N/C N/C N/C N/C
18 X4 19 20 21 ZCOM 22 6 CASBUC 12 BHOMEO 10
R17
1K5
7 RN23 5 3 1 4X470
20 X3 8 6 4 2 1 RN24 3 5 7 4X470 2 4 6 8 PROJREL *ANENA ANRUN *ANSTART *ANSTOP BUCKYON AUTEXP 7 X2 25 24 23 X2 22 27 26
D10
N/C
+5V
1uF
221k
74HC273 ICD13 *RST *PPI1BOUT D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 11 3 4 7 8 13 14 17 18 R C1 1D 2 5 6 9 12 15 16 19 ZDIRO ZRUNO CRUNO CDIRO CMANO NOCON0 NOCON1 NOCON2
R4
BUCKYONO AUTEXPO
ULN2003
X10
V5 1N4148 1N4148 V6
+5V ICD14 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 25 24 21 23 2 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 CS1 CS2 WE OE D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 6264 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 14 AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7 2864A 28 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 25 24 21 23 2
+5V
+5V 1 RN18 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 RN19 3 5 7 4X470 ICD17 1 19 *PPI1C 2 4 6 8 11 13 15 17 2 4 6 8 10 12 74HC14 ICD2 8 74HC14 ICD2 6 74HC14 ICD20 1 3 5 9 11 13 D 9 C 5 2 4 6 8 4X470 ZDIR ZRUN CRUN CDIR CMAN CSPEED D16EXP1 D16RSENA 5 X3 6 7 8 9 14 13 15
X2
+5V GND C80

100n
R5 2K
C53 470n
3 4
WDRFS 14 N/C 1 12Mhz 7 Z1 8 12MHz
ICD1 40 12MHz RST 19 9 31 X1 R EA X2 PSEN ALE 18 29 30 N/C *PSEN ALE ICD27 ALE AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7 1 11 EN C1 2 5 6 9 12 15 16 19 10 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 20
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 25 24 21 23 2 26 27
A15 1 20 *PSEN 22
ICD16 28 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 CS WR D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 27512 14 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7
ICD15 28 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 CS1 CS2 WE OE D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 14 AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7
GND 2 X2 30 9 15 17 33 3 4 RN4
1 3 2 4
C81
100n
CCOM
1 X3 3 2 4 16 18
RN17 RN12 9X10k 9X10k
74HC273 ICD18 EN1 EN2 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 18 16 14 12 9 7 5 3 74HC244
3 4
X4
4X10k
1 4
RN11
2 3
*RAMCS 20 26 *WR 27 *RD 22
*ROMCS 20 26 *WR 27 *RD 22
CASNOR 19 X2 CHSMALL 18 LOW MA GENOK

4 2 3
RN5
1 3 5 2 4 6 8
4X10k
7 X5 10 8 10 X3
N/C
C82 100n C83 100n C84 100n C85 100n C86 100n C87 100n C88 100n C89 100n
N/C R33 10k

1
CASBUCO EXPO BHOMEO LATCH EN CLOCKO DATAO SERI IRQ RXD TXD N/C N/C N/C AECFRQI *WR *RD
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
80C32
20
ALE *PSEN *WR *RD A15 A14 A13 A12 A1 A0 N/C N/C
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 22V10
100n
2 74HC14 ICD24 2 4 6 8 10 12 74HC14 ICD4 12 74HC14 ICD4 10 74HC14
4X10k
100n C91
100n C92
100n C93
100n C94
100n C95
100n C96
100n C97
RN14
P1 P0 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 P3 P2 0 RXD 0 1 TXD 1 2 INT0 2 3 INT1 3 4 T0 4 5 T1 5 6 WR 6 7 RD 7
39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15
3 1D 4 7 8 13 14 17 18 74HC373
4X10k
LIMN R30 10k
ICD19 EN1 EN2 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 18 2 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 ICD23 EN1 EN2 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 18 16 14 12 9 7 5 3 74HC244 ICD5 EN D7 D6 D5 D4 18 16 14 12 74HC244 ICD26 *RST 1 *PPI2CL 11 R C1 1D 2 5 6 9 12 15 16 19 A 1 *PPI2CH 8 1 19 *PPI2B 2 4 6 8 11 13 15 17 18 16 14 12 9 7 5 3 74HC244 1 19 *PPI2A 2 4 6 8 11 13 15 17
CBUS DBUS ABUS

ICD22 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 *RAMCS *ROMCS *KBDCS *PPI1A *PPI1B *PPI1C *PPI2A *PPI2B *PPI2C *IO *IO *RD 19 1 ICD21 G3 3EN1[BA] 3EN2[AB] 1
2 4 6 8 10 12 74HC14 ICD4 4 74HC14 ICD4 A B
1 3 5 9 11 13
RN7
1 3 5 7 2 4 6 8
RN6 9X10k CUP CDOWN 17 X3 19 12 11 17 X4 16 25 26
4X10k
RN8
1 3 5 2 4 6 8
BON CEND ZUP ZDOWN

7 5 3 1 3 4 5 6
4X10k
C90
AD0 *WR *PPI2C 4 5 1 2 ICD7 1 A 3 *PPI2CL AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
9X10k RN17
1 B
*RD
74HCT32 ICD7 B 1 6 74HCT32 ICD7 1 74HCT32 ICD7 1
*PPI2CH
1 3 5 9 11 13 F 13
100n C100 100n C101 100n C102 100n C103 100n C104 100n C105
RN10
1 3 5 7 2 4 6 8
4X10k RN4
5 7 100n C99 6 8
RN11
5 8 6 7
BLE CHR CHL CHON *RUNOK *STARTOK
8 X2 14 16 32 21 20 13 X4 14
PDBUS
C 8 *PPI1AOUT
74HC245
4X10k
5 6 7 4 3 2 A
*WR *PPI1A
9 10
100n
D 11 *PPI1AIN
E 11
C98
4X10k
1
RN17 9X10k RN12 9X10k
R32 10k
*RD +5V *PPI1B
12 13
74HCT32 ICD6 B 19 EN 9 7 5 3 74HCT244 10 74HC14 ICD3 13

100N C117 100N C118
ICD3 74HC14 2 4 6 8 ICD3 4 74HC14
D 9 ICD3 6 B 3 2 74HC14 74HC14 ICD3 A 1

C106 100n C107 C108 100n C109 10N 2N2
RN13
1 2 4 6 8
C 5
3 5 7
100N C60
100N C15
100N C17
100N C18
100N C19
100N C30
100N C31
100N C32
100N C33
100N C35
100N C40
100N C41
100N C42
100N
4X10k
ICD3 +5V 11
E N/C
F 12
N/C
ICD25 CTRDIV16 1 9 10 7 2 3 4 5 6 5CT=0 M1 M2 3CT=15 G3 G4 C5/2,3,4+ 1,5D [1] [2] [4] [8] 74HC163
C43
100N C44
100N C45
100N C48
100N C47
100N C49
100N C59
100N C58
100N C57
100N C56
100N C50
100N C61
74HC14 ICD2 F
100N
15 N/C
13 74HC14
12
N/C 12MHz
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
3 4 7 8 13 14 17 18
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ICA3
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
1 RN29 3 5 7 4X470
2 4 6 8
RN15
*WR *RD
11 13 15 17
*PPI1BOUT *PPI1BIN N/C N/C
C22
4X10k
7 5 3 1
FILTER1 ANG LN FILTER2 CD DATA IN N/C N/C N/C N/C
5 X2 6 10 11 12 13 28 29
ARELOFF ARELON *ANG CS ANG CLK CD LATCH ENABLE CD CLOCK CD CS (ADC) CD DATA OUT
37 X2 38 39 40 36 35 34 31
14 13 12 11
N/C 3MHZ N/C N/C

MERKKI MUUT.NO MUUTOS
74HC273
ULN2803A
PIIRT. PIIRT. TARK. HYV. TARK. HYV.
7.12.1993 SK TI JJS
LAITE
MGF 101/110
YLEISTOLERANSSI
SFS 4011
SUHDE
D E C
31529 31732 31272
C109 = 2.2n. R27 , R28 = 4x470R. eps-200 SIGNAL NAMES ADDED
9.9.97 HK 1.12.98 NJ 18.4.96JJS
9.9.97LTu
9.9.97JJS
LIITTYY NIMI
: MGF 32245-3SE
8.5.96HK
8.5.96JJS
imaging
INSTRUMENTARIUM
CPU BOARD
V 1.4
NO
TP1
TP2
TP3
4x10K
1 RN1
3 RN1
4x10K
2 +15V +34V D4 1N4004 9K09 ICA6 3 H2 GREEN "+15V" 1 LM317T R16 121R R9 3K9 2 "+24V" R6 ICA1 L4962 7 IN OUT 8 9 16 15 SOFT FRQ OSC GND COM FB 14 4 5 12 13 11 10 L1 2 1 3 6 N/C N/C N/C 150uH 1 RN2 4x10K
X3
Vin C&Z
+34V N/C N/C N/C H1 GREEN "+34V"
+24 Vin BUCKY H3 GREEN
X6
2 +15V
X6
P6KE47
1000u
220n
10K
P6KE18
220n
C7
C8
R1
D1
470u
C1
C2
D3
15K
BYV27
4K75
2K21
D2
R5
100n
R4
C11
+34V R24 56R2 BYV27 D5 P6KE18 221R
R2
4K75
2u2
2n2
4K32
C3
C4
R3
2K2
R8
330p
C9
TP12 33n C5 C6
R7
+15V 100u 12 13 CXX 100n ICA2 14 LM324 R17 20K R18 C10 1M 100n
X3
X2
10
+34V
13 12
ICD4 & 4011 11 TP6 +15V
ICD5 6 11 10 9 13 14 15 12 1 5 2 4
D11
4x10K
R14
1 RN3
10K
R27
TLP521-4 R47 100K
ULN2804 +15V +15V 6
TP4
TP5
10K CBA X 0 0 0 FIXED 0 0 1 FIXED 0 1 0 LOW 0 1 1 HIGH 1 0 0 LOW 1 0 1 LOW 1 1 0 LOW 1 1 1 LOW P6KE18 4K75 100n C14 R21 D9
R15
4x10K
5 RN1
7 RN1
4x10K
R13
10K
+15V C20 X2 6 SPEED 5 6 TLP521-4 R49 10K ICD6 12 ICD1 "0" HIGH SPD "1" LOW SPD 11 13 40106 12 3 40106
10K
FIXED SPEED 8
R85 +15V 3K65 R34 2 3K32 1 X5 X5
ICD2 4 LOW SPEED R11 R12 L 50K H 50K HIGH SPEED 5 TP13 +15V 40106 +15V 2K21 R84 ICD2 6
R38 20K
+
ICD2 +15V X2 4 CRUN 3 4 TLP521-4 ICD6 14 13 1 40106 2
D10 R37 C19 10K 1u 7 3 1N4004 RN3 6
TP8
4K75
"0" UP "1" DOWN
15
18
G2R-2
ICD3
R28
TP9
R46 200K
4x10K
RN3 8
5 R44 10K LOW SPEED LM324 9 10 R43 50K R41 68K1
3 7
K1 5 G2R-2
4x10K
K2
D8
BY229
X2
CDIR
16
RED
ICD6
1N4004
K1
H4
+15V
16 7 8 VDD VE VS Inh A B C MUX X0 X1 X2 X3 X X4 X5 X6 X7 4051B
2 V11 V1+ 15 V216 V2+ 3 FB 14 VREF 13 OC 4 DTC GND TL494 7
8 C1 C2 11 9 E1 E2 10
150R/5W
BUS36 56R2 R25
RT CT ICA4
6 5
C13
C12
R22
10n
3K32
1n
D7
BY229
BD140
T2
D6
R23
R26
12 VCC
T1
R48
10K
H8
CMOT 1
X1
ICA2 7 LM324
5 6
100n
C18
X7 X7
6 5 +15V
10 9
ICD7
7 8
1K8 R77
16K2 THRESHOLD
500R
FORCE
R42
R40
10K
1K
LM393 8 1 ICA3 R35 150K 4
R31 2 3 10K
R30 10K
4 8
K1 6 G2R-2 CMOT 2 X1
TLP521-4
X2 X2
1 5
+5V CLIM
10 9
ICD6
7 8
R51 1K8
TLP521-4 R50 2K2
+34V
1N4004
+15V X2 3 CMAN 1 2 TLP521-4 ICD7 16 ICD3 15 1 R52 2 2 ULN2804 17 D12
2 1
K2
+15V
G2R-2 R79 10K R65
D20 C24 10u 1N4004

+
+15V X2 8 ZRUN 3 4 TLP521-4 ICD7 14
100K
+15V
+15V ICD1 3 40106 4
+15V
TP7
100K +15V 681R R66 51K1 R69
13 1 R53 4 10K
1 40106
ICD1
14
D13 1N4004 R60 121K
R59 100K 1K ICD2 9 40106

+
+34V R73
ICD3 8 4 ULN2804 15
R61 47K5
BYV27
10
+15V X7 8 N/C
4 7
1 R54 2
56R2
C26
10K
1n
R82 ICD1 5 40106 R80 1N4004 2 1 G2R-2 +15V K3 D14 1K R81 200K C36 1N4004 D21 6 +34V 4K75
5 475K 3K32 3K32 470n C35 R78 R67 R68
X2
ZDIR
C 5 6
ICD7
12 11
9 E1 E2 10 CT GND TL494 7 ICA5 R72 10K P6KE18 8K25
C33
R62
4x10K
R74
D19
BUS36
3 7 4
K3 5 6 G2R-2
5 RN2
BY229
4x10K
121K
C34
10n
FB RT
3 RN2 4
3 6
V2V2+
C1 C2
C21
R64
C22
8 11
1M
P6KE18
150R/5W
BD140
T4
D17
221R
X7
N/C
3 2
4 +
LM324 ICA2 1 11
4x10K
RN3
R63
R36 20K
2 1 15 16
1n
R75
12 14 VCC VREF OC V1DTC V1+
13 4 D15 R70
56R2 T3
0.5R/5W
30R1
R32
C17
C16
4u7
100n
R29
C15
TP10
10n
+15V
R33
X2
N/C
"0" LOW SPEED "1" HIGH SPEED
8 ICA2 R45
7 TP11
ZMOT 1 ZMOT 2
X4 X4
C23
D16
R71
C25
10n
40106
+
X7
+15V
R58 2K2 GREEN H6
ULN2804 10
ULN2804
ULN2804
R76
16
4K75
13
12
14
13
1u
X7
ICD3
ICD2
ICD3
ICD3
BY229
D18
TLP521-4
RED
"0" UP "1" DOWN
H5
+15V ICD2
14
ICD3 N/C 7 ULN2804 ICD3 12 N/C
R55
10K
X7
R19 10K +15V
ICD1 9 40106 8
1 2
ICD4 & 4011
14
+15V R83 4k75 9 8 ICD4 & 4011 10 F ABC 010 011 100 101 110 111 Z-MOTOR ON OFF OFF ON ON ON N/C 8
+15V
11 40106
10 N/C
100n C28
100n C29
100n C30
100n C31
100n C32
100n
C27
7 RN2
4x10K
LOWER LIMIT
R57 2K2 GREEN H7
5 6
ICA3 7 LM393
N/C
N/C
8 ULN2804
11
N/C
N/C 4 N/C 8
K2 6 N/C
N/C
PIIRT.
R56
10K
X7
R20 10K
ICD1 11 40106 10
5 6
ICD4 & 4011 4

MERKKI MUUT.NO MUUTOS PIIRT. TARK. HYV.
06.04.95 LTU 02.06.95 HK 02.06.95 JJS
LAITE
YLEISTOLERANSSI
TARK. HYV.
MGF 101 / 110

SUHDE NO
SFS 4011
D C E
31332 31149 31686
Kompression puristusvoima muutettu Uusi ohjauslogiikka kompressiolle Kompression puristusv.muut. R85 = 3K32
16.8.96 AM 17.10.95RN 13.8.98 NJ
27.8.97HK 26.1.96HK
27.8.98JJ 26.1.96JJ
LIITTYY
UPPER LIMIT
imaging
INSTRUMENTARIUM
NIMI
C&Z DRIVER BOARD V 1.5
MG 33035-3SE
92744-8.sch-1 - Thu Jun 15 09:11:20 2000
+24V
+5V
+24V
X1
1 NC NC NC
IC1 L4962 7 IN OUT 8 9 16 15 SOFT FRQ OSC GND COM FB 14 4 5 12 13 11 10
L1 2 1 3 6 NC NC NC 150 H +5V
C10 100n
100n
100n
100u
C5
BYV27
15K
R2
2n2 R1
4K32
2u2 C3
C2
GND
X1
C4
33n
4k75
R3
100u
V1
100n
C1
C12
C7
C8
+5V CPUVCC X2 8
+5V
+5V 4 6 8 2 2 8 6 4
1 X4 2 OPTIO
3 5 7 1 RN8
1 7 5 3 RN9
330R
1k
1 20
'
40
IC8
MCT2E
IC7 1 2 40106 39 DATA
CD_DATA_OUT
X2
6 IC3 MCT2E
'
38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 4 RN2 2 2 RN1 4 6 8 330R 6 RN3 8 8 RN4 6 4 2 330R 10 10k 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 RN5 10k 8 7 6 5 4 3 9 10 RN6 10 10k 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 RN11 7 5 3 1 330R 1 3 5 7 330R 3 1
IC7 3 4 40106 22 STROBE
10 X4 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 OPTIO 4 5 10 9 8 7 2 3 H1 1 6
CD_LATCH_ENABLE
X2
3 IC6
UCN5818 MCT2E
'
IC7 5 6 40106 21 CLK
8 RN2 6 5 7 330R
7 5
CD_CLOCK
X2
4 IC5 +5V
'
IC7 13 40106 12 19 BLANKING 9 10 3 4 5 6 7 8
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
4 RN3 2 330R
3 1
9 10 5 4 3 2 8 7
H2 1 6
10k 10u
C9
R9
+24V +5V MCT2E

'
+24V
+24V
+24V
+24V 1N4004 1N4004 1N4004 8 3 6 IC2 14 11 1N4004 1N4004 1N4004 1N4004 1N4004 V6 V7 V8 V9
IC7 11 10 40106 H3 3 4 5 6 7 8 10k RN7 7 2 1 9 10 15
16
47R/5W R11
6 5 4 3
X1 X1 X1 X1
CD_CS(ADC)
X2
5 IC4 +5V +5V V11
330R R6 +5V 330R R7 10k RN7 10k 1 2 3 4 IC11

VCC REF+ IN CL DOUT REF*CS GND
H4
VCCOUT AIN GNDOUT
X3 X3
2 V10 1
1N4148
100n
C11
8 7 6 5
RN7
X3
1N4148
+5V
L293B
V5
V4
V3
5 12 13
TLC549 +5V
1k5
R10
MCT2E
220R R8
CD_DATA_IN CPUGND
X2 X2
2 7 IC12
+5V 1 2 4 5 8 40106 9 10 12 100n C6
IC10
14 VCC
3 6 8 11
4k75
R4
'
100k R5
IC7 9
13 GND 7
74HC126
S1
V2
PIIRT. MERKKI MUUT.NO MUUTOS PIIRT. TARK. HYV. TARK.
15.1.93 OPO
LAITE
ALPHA RT
YLEISTOLERANSSI
SFS 4011
SUHDE NO
LIITTYY HYV.
30600
PUSKUROIDAAN AD-MUUNTIMEN SARJALIIKENNE
16.5.92 TI
imaging
INSTRUMENTARIUM
NIMI
COMPRESSION DISPLAY
32010A3S.DWG
MG 32010-3S
X3
+15V 2 RN7 1 +15V
TP17
X3 11 TYPE X3 18 TYPE
40106 TUBEFAIL R36 6K81 CURRENT LIMIT
R35 47k5 LM339 +15V +15V 14 ICA4 9 8 R39 1k R40 6k81 R41 33p 750R
R33
*EXPENA
13
12
10k
ICD1
11 40106
10
R32 3K32
4X10k
ICD1
H2
2 RN1 1
9X10k
"EXP"
+15V
R37 475R TL074 1 ICA3 R38 BYV27 BYV27 +25V R53 R73 R61 +25V 2 3 39R2 D13
RN7 1
1R
R42
TP18
R104
39R2
NORMAL 9X10k 1 3 4 6 R45 1k TEST S1 2 5 8 11 9 10 ICD2 S C1 1D R 4013
+15V 14 Q
C9
TF3 3
SEC 4
332K
R43
BYV27
D15
R44
C10
10n
10k
D17 SD101A R47
12 7 ICD3 2 8 1 4023 & 9 7 14
4X10k
LM339
+15V
BRIDGE CURRENT D18 1N4005 R48 10k 4K75 R49 500p C12 "OP FRQ" TP20 TP19 R46 500R
TYPE
+15V
SD101A
D19
+15V C11 4 ICA3 7 TL074 +15V 22n
100k
X3 TYPE
15 16
HFB
R50 10k SD101A C13 43k2 D20 10n R86
5 6
11
4 RN1 3
T13
1
C54
10n
1 R51 2
RN1 6
TP21 4X10k
4X10k
10k
kV-FEEDBACK
5 6 ICA1 7 LM324 R55 TP22
"PULSE A" +25V D21
+25V
1k82
R87
C14
LM336-5.0 D22 3 2
SHUTDOWN
5 40106
500R R57 10k C16 10n D23 1N4148 R66 200k 220p C18 C20 100n R71 1M 13 12 ICA1 14 LM324 R75 68K1 4 5 ICA4 2 LM339 R79 1M +15V TP25 +15V +15V ICD1 4 40106 +15V 7 100p C19 14 3 D24
3k65 10k R63
3 5 4
&
4023
10k 4K75 R58
2 5
ENABLE PULSE
4 1k1 R60 RED
1
+
9X10k
1 RN3
6 RN7 1
kV-ADJUSTMENT
9X10k R68 9k09
1k
C17 47p +15V R69
5k11 1N4148 R67 12k1 ICD2 6 3 5 4 2 40106 S C1 1D R Q 1 2 R72 1 D25 10k "PULSE B" TP23 +25V ICD3 13 12 11 ICA6 2 5 4K75 R77 1 Vs 4 R80 1k1
R65 H4 RED +25V 2k H5 "PULSE A"
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
X3 12 TYPE X3 13 8 7
CHIPSEL
1 RN4 A 4X10k
ICD1 2 9 40106 12 13 8 ICA2 /CS OUT2 /WR VDD
ICD1 1
TYPE X3 6 5 4 3 2 1 DATA2 DATA3 DATA4 DATA5 DATA6 DATA7
4X10k 6 RN5 5 4 3 2 1 4X10k 6 RN6 5 4 3 2 1 4X10k
TYPE X3
11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
GND VREF
3 15
220n
C23
GND 3 SG3635
C22
RFB OUT1
16 1
R81 H6 2k H7 "PULSE B" RED
TYPE
AD7524 6k81 6k81 R82 D26 1N4148 C24 R84 100n 5k62 f MIN D27 1N4148 R85 C25 f MAX 100n 1k R83 1 1 0 0
SG3635 TRUTH TABLE PULSE ENABLE 1 0 1 0 OUTPUT TRI STATE HIGH LOW HIGH
X3 TYPE
20 19
RG2 RG1
1N4004 D1
+34V
1N4004 D2
X1
JH2 X1
11
1 K1 JH2 K2 JH1 R1 36MB100 F1 R110 100R/25W C1 100n D3 TP5 TP36 "310V" 3 H1 P6KE18 2 SE1 K1 JH2 D4
1
JH1
K1
K2
TP2
LINE VOLTAGE
20AF
T1 TP6
1
TP11 T2 TP39
1
T7 TP12
1
R4 47R R5 47R R6 47R R7
R18 47R R19
T8 TP13
1
X1
TP7
1
T3 6n8 R16 1M C4 SE2
P6KE18
6n8 R30
47R R21 1K R22 R23 1K 1K TP4 TF3 1 T10 PRIM 2 C8

1
P6KE18
1K R8
1K R9
1K
TF1
P6KE18
N/C N/C
TF2
X1
D5
D9
1M
D8
C6
47R R20
T9
22
X4
L1
2
X1
2 5
HP1 HP1
1 2
681K
C2
C3
100n
47
R2
TP37 TP38 R10 47R R11 R3 200k P6KE18 47R R12 47R 5
TP8
1
T4 TP9
1
TP40 T5 T6 6n8 R17 1M C5 TP35 R24 47R R25 P6KE18 D10 47R R26 47R 5
TP14 T11 TP15 T12 TP16 6n8 R31 1M C7

1 1 1
X2
SE1 X2 2
D6
TP10
1
SE2
TF1
P6KE18
P6KE18
R13
1K R14
R15
R27
1K R28
R29
1K
1K
1K
X2
D11
D7
1K
TP1
TP34
TF2
CAPACITOR
4 3
TP3 L2
2 1
HPI HPI
5 6
CONNECTORS:
X1: LINE VOLTAGE X2: BULK CAPACITOR X3: FILAMENT CONTROL BOARD (control signals) X4: HIGH VOLTAGE UNIT X5: FILAMENT CONTROL BOARD (supply voltages) X6: WARNING LIGHT INTERFACE
RN5 8 4X10k
+15V RN6 8 1 RN7
+15V 4 2 3 LM324 1 11 ICA1 13 12
+15V
+15V 3 ICA4 1 LM339

MERKKI MUUT.NO MUUTOS PIIRT. TARK. HYV. PIIRT. TARK. HYV.
9X10k
4X10k
TL074 14 ICA3
5 7 8 9 10
9 10
TL074 8 ICA3
7 6 12
05.04.94 JJS 19.05.94 HK 19.05.94 JJS
LAITE
ALPHA III/ST/RT
YLEISTOLERANSSI
C D E
31413 31636 31735
LISATTY D38 Muutetu R55 =3k65 ja R63 = 10k. R1 and R110 = 100R.
23.1.97 AM 23.3.98 NJ 30.11.98NJ
31.1.97 HK 20.4.98 AM
31.1.97JJS 20.4.98 HK
LIITTYY
SUHDE NO
imaging
INSTRUMENTARIUM
NIMI
INVERTER BOARD
32220D1S.DWG (kV CONTROL)
PAGE 1(2) V 1.5
MG 32220-3SE
100k X4 X4 X4 SFS 4011
R78
10 9
ICA1 8 LM324
4013
R76 10k
&
4023
10
kVref
10k
ENABLE PULSE
2 RED
22
TP24
9X10k
1N4148 R74
TF2
PRIM
100k
CLK DATA0 DATA1
C21
10k
[1V ~ 10kV]
kVfb
3 RN7 1
3 RN4 4 5 6 7 8
2 14
kV-REFERENCE
100k R70
22
+15V
R64
R105
100k
C15
+15V
GND 3 SG3635
22
R54
1N4148 R56
TF1
PRIM
100k
ICD1
ICD3
10k
-15V
-15V
2 R52 1
IRF642
ICA5
1 Vs
D16
X3
9 10 14 17
8 RN1 7
10 11
13
"SHUTDOWN"
BYV27
ICA4 13
H3
1W
D14
+34V
TP26 1 RN2 2 3 RN2 4 B 4X10k H
TP27
+15V
X5
1 +34V GREEN
A 4X10k N/C N/C N/C H9
ICA7 L4962 7 IN OUT 8 9 16 15 SOFT FRQ OSC GND COM FB 14 4 5 12 13 11 10
L3 2 1 3 6 N/C N/C N/C 150
C26 /50V
P6KE47
"+34V" D28
BYV27
6K81
R89
R90
15K
4K75
R91
P6KE18
1000
D30
C27
470
D29
R92
4K32
2n2 R93
C28
2u2 C29
33n C31
X5 TYPE
2 6 R94 H10 1k
F/50V
C32
470
R95 3k32 LM337 2 1 3 ICA8 D31 D 8 RN2 7 1N4004 R96
10
C33
D34
90R9
P6KE18
330p
C30
TP28
TP29
3k32
GREEN
H8 R88 9k1
X5
-34V -34V
CONTACTS FOR WARNING LIGHTS

-15V
RG2 VB24 D36 K4 VB24 TP30 5 RN2 C 4X10k 6 1N4004
X6
4X10k
X-RAYS!
3 X6 X6
TP31
+34V VB24
K4
1N4004
1N4004 D38
VB24 D35 K3
X-RAY UNIT ON
TP32 1 RN8 X5 3 +34VREL A 4X10k N/C N/C N/C 2
TP33 3 RN8 4 B 4X10k H R97 18k
+25V
K3
1 ICA9 L4962 2 1 3 6 N/C N/C N/C L4 150
X6
H12
7 IN OUT 8 9 16 15 SOFT FRQ OSC GND COM FB 14 4 5 12 13 11 10
H11 RED
+
"+34VREL" C34 P6KE47 D37 BYV27
RED
6K81
R98
R99
15K
D33
R100
4K75
P6KE27 R101
D32
470
2n2 R102
4K32
C35
10u C36
33n C38
X5
4X10k D
8 RN8 7
4X10k C
6 RN8 5
-15V
+15V
+15V
+15V
+15V
+15V
+15V
+15V
100n
100n C41
100n C42
100n C43
100n C44
100n C45
100n C46
100n
C39
C40
330p
C37
6k8
PIIRT. MERKKI MUUT.NO MUUTOS PIIRT. TARK. HYV. TARK. HYV.
05.04.94 JJS 19.05.94 HK 19.05.94 JJS
LAITE
ALPHA III/ST/RT
YLEISTOLERANSSI
SFS 4011
SUHDE NO
C D E
31413 31636 31735
LISATTY D38 Sivu 1 muuttunut. Sivu 1 muuttunut.
23.1.97 AM 23.3.98 NJ 30.11.98NJ
31.1.97 HK 20.4.98 AM
31.1.97JJS 20.4.98 HK
LIITTYY
imaging
INSTRUMENTARIUM
NIMI
INVERTER BOARD
32220D2S.DWG (kV CONTROL)
PAGE 2(2) V1.5
MG 32220-3SE
TP1
+5V 1N4148 +5V 10k D1 *RHOD *MOLY +5V H1 +5V H2 ADCL ADCOUT0 *ADSEL 8 7 6 5 ICA1
VCC REF+ CL IN DOUT REF*CS GND
TP4
UPPER RIGHT 1 +25V
TP2
+5V 10k VCCOUT 3 10k R1 AIN 2 GND 1 X3 X3 X3
+5V 1 2 3 4
R24
R25
10k
X1
+25V N/C N/C N/C
475R
R2
ICA2 L4962 7 IN OUT 8 9 16 15 SOFT FRQ OSC GND COM FB 14 4 5 12 13 11 10
L1 2 1 3 6 N/C N/C N/C 150uH
R26
X3
EN1 EN2 18 16 14 12 9 7 5 3 74HCT244 1 RN1 3 5 7 4X330R *ADSEL ADCL ADCOUT0 ADCOUT1 2 4 6 8 +5V
TLC549
MPTE-36
MPTE-5 C3
BYV27-100
H3 "+5V"
4K32
2 2 C7
2n2 R4
4K75
15K
R5
D5
*LED0 *LED1 RXD TXD *ADCS ADCLK
R27
330p
TP3
C10
100n
ADDATA0 ADDATA1 GND
ADCL ADCOUT1 *ADSEL
8 7 6 5
ICA3
VCC REF+ CL IN DOUT REF*CS GND
10k
2 4 6 8 11 13 15 17
100n
1 19
1N4148
ICD1
D2
C1
+5V +5V TP5 R11 51k1 R12 51k1 7 1 8 3 6 2 ICA4 LT1077 4 R7 1k50 R9 1k50 1M5 C54 33p C53 R13 33p R10 1M5 5 6 7 8 9 N/C 10 X4 X4 X4 20k R3 4 X4 1 2 3 X4 TYPE X4
100n
470 C4
D3
C2
D4
470
22 C5
C6
R6
+5V 1 2 3 4
R8 10k
33n
C8
TP6
X1
GND
C9
X4
TLC549
+5V ICD2 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 CS WR 28 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 *RAMCS *WR *RD D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 27C512 14 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7 6264 +5V 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 25 24 21 23 2 20 26 27 22 ICD3 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 CS1 CS2 WE OE
+5V 28 A0 A1 A2 DISPMODE *DISPWR 5 6 10 9 8 ICD4 DA0 DA1 DA2
+5V 19 12 11 13 14 7 AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD7 SEG A SEG B SEG C SEG D SEG E SEG F SEG G D.P DIGIT1 DIGIT2 DIGIT3 DIGIT4 DIGIT5 DIGIT6 DIGIT7 DIGIT8 *RHOD *MOLY CODEB MODE +25V ICD7 1N4004 1N4004 1N4004 1N4004 D10 D11 D12 *RST *LAT00 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 18 2 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 11 3 4 7 8 13 14 17 18 R C1 1D 2 5 6 9 12 15 16 19 +5V 16 VSS FILMOT1 FILMOT2 FILMOTENA (XMOTENA) (XMOT2) (XMOT1) 7 2 1 9 10 15 INP2 INPUT1 CE1 CE2 INPUT3 INPUT4 +25V 8 ICA6 VS 3 OUT1 OUT2 OUT4 OUT3 6 14 11 1N4004 1N4004 1N4004 1N4004 D9 +25V +25V +25V
TYPE X4
+5V XTAL1 8 12MHz 7 +5V +5V 14
N/C
12MHz
C11 100n "RESET" S1 3 1 4 2 7 2 3 ICA5 8 6 S RI RO 5 C2 Vr 1 4 100n C12 R16 +5V 4K75 +5V +5V *RST RST 1N4148 H4 ICD5 12MHz RST 19 9 31 X1 R EA 40 X2 PSEN ALE 18 29 30 N/C *PSEN ALE ICD6 ALE AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7 1 11 3 4 7 8 13 14 17 18 EN C1 1D 2 5 6 9 12 15 16 19 10 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 20
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 *PSEN
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 25 24 21 23 2 26 27 1 20 22
ID0 ID1 ID2 ID3 MODE ID7 WRITE SEG A SEG B SEG C SEG D SEG E SEG F SEG G D.P DIGIT 1 DIGIT 2 DIGIT 3 DIGIT 4 DIGIT 5 DIGIT 6 DIGIT 7 DIGIT 8
+5V
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 N/C N/C N/C 24 25 26
X5 TYPE X5
16 17 20 18 21 22 23 15 4 25 3 1 26 2 27 24
X5
TYPE X5
TL7705
D6
D7 1N4148 C15 47n 1M5 R19 1N4148 D8
C14 470n
WDFRS
R_ENA R_DATAIN R_DATAOUT R_R/W *ADCS ADCLK ADDATA0 ADDATA1 RXD TXD R_CLK WDFRS *LED0 *LED1 *WR *RD
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
P1 P0 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 P3 P2 0 RXD 0 1 TXD 1 2 INT0 2 3 INT1 3 4 T0 4 5 T1 5 6 WR 6 7 RD 7 80C32 20
39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 14
AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7
R17
R18
1K5
2 2
1K5
C13
TYPE X5 TYPE X5 TYPE X5
ICM7218D
28
74ACT373
C-BUS AD-BUS A-BUS

+5V ICD8 *IO *RD 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 16V8-15 *RAMCS *IO *DISPWR *LAT00 *LAT01 *BUF00 *BUF01 R_BDATAOUT 19 1 G3 3EN1[BA] 3EN2[AB] 1 20
TYPE 47R/5W R20 5 4 3 X1 X1 X1 6 X1
ICD9 ALE *PSEN *WR *RD R_DATAOUT A15 A14 A13 A1 A0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11
X1
+5V
AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
74HCT273
L293B
D13 D14 D15 4 5 12 13 D16
X2
VCC1 2 8 6 4 1K5 4X330R 2 8 6 4 1 7 5 3 RN7
1 7 5 3 RN6
R21
4X1K
ICD10 *RST *LAT01 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 11 3 4 7 8 13 14 17 18 R C1 1D 2 5 6 9 12 15 16 19 (xout7) (xout6) (xout5) (xout4) (xout3) (xout2) (xout1) (xout0) 1 RN8 3 5 7 4X330R 2 4 6 8 1 RN9 3 5 7 4X330R 2 4 6 8 (xout7) (xout6) (xout5) (xout4) (xout3) (xout2) (xout1) (xout0) +5V 1 2 3 4 9X10K +5V 1 X7 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 TYPE X6 20 X6 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
MCT2E
N/C
74ACT245 X2 4 CD_CLK ICA7 MCT2E N/C CODEB ' 19 ICD11 EN 9 7 5 3 74HCT244 DISPMODE N/C N/C N/C
X2
CD_ENA ICA8 MCT2E ' N/C 1 RN10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4X10K N/C ICA10 MCT2E R22 330R 1 ICD11 EN 18 16 14 12 74HCT244 R_CLK R_ENA R_DATAIN R_R/W
MODE
11 13 15 17
74HCT273
X2
CD_DATAIN ICA9 MCT2E N/C
2 4 6 8
X6
+5V
+5V 1 C17 100n C18 100n C19 100n C20 100n 1 19 2 4 6 8 11 13 15 17 74HCT244 C24 100n C25 100n C26 100n C27 100n *BUF00 *BUF00 (xin6) (xin5) (xin4) (xin3) (xin2) (xin1) (xin0) RN11
X2
CD_R/W
TYPE 100n C16 ICD12 EN1 EN2 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 18 16 14 12 9 7 5 3
R_BDATAOUT +5V ICD13 1 3 4 5 11 12 10 9 C1+ C1C2+ C2T1I R1O T2I R2O 16 VCC V+ VT1O R1I T2O R2I 15
X2 X2
2 CD_DATAOUT 7 GND1 ICA11
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
N/C
C21 X2 1 N/C 100n TXD RXD
C22 100n
2 6
C23 100n
1N5818 D18
1N5818
1 RN12 3 5 7 4X10K
2 4 6 8 1 RN13 3 5 7 4X10K 2 4 6 8
N/C
14 13 7 8
R23 100R
(xin6) (xin5) (xin4) (xin3) (xin2) (xin1) (xin0)
D17
X7
tXD rXD GND P6KE15 D19
1 2 3
MAX232
X8 TYPE X8 TYPE X8 TYPE X8 TYPE
+5V 1
N/C 4
P6KE15
C28
100n C29
100n C30
100n C31
100n
EN1 EN2 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 18 16 14 12 9 7 5 3 74HCT244
1 19 2 4 6 8 11 13 15 17
*BUF01 *BUF01 (xin14) (xin13) (xin12) (xin11) (xin10) (xin9) (xin8) (xin7)
RN14
ICD14 D20
9X10K
FILTBUT
23
X5 TYPE X6
X5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
N/C
+5V
1 RN15 3 5 7 4X10K
2 4 6 8 1 RN16 3 5 7 4X10K 2 4 6 8
PROJBUT (xin13) (xin12) (xin11) OPDGS OPD2 OPD1 OPD4
12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5
C32
100n C33
100n C34
100n C35
100n C36
100n C37
100n C38
100n C39
100n C40
X6
+5V C41 100n C42 100n C43 100n C44 100n
100n
C45
100n C46
100n C47
100n C48
100n C49
100n C50
100n C51
100n C52
100n
- An asterisk (*) before a signal name means an active low signal.

PIIRT. MERKKI MUUT.NO MUUTOS PIIRT. TARK. HYV. TARK. LIITTYY HYV.
02.02.94 HSY/JJS
LAITE
MGF MT / RT
YLEISTOLERANSSI
SFS 4011
SUHDE
C B
30841 31954 31135 Changed R7, R9 Optipoint datalines added 17.01.00 NJ 18.04.96 JJS
: MG 32310-3SC
imaging
INSTRUMENTARIUM
NIMI
C_ARM CONTROL BOARD V 2.1
NO
-1 - Tue May 05 13:43:07 1998

31687m4a Performa Service Manual Jun2000

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Performa, Alpha RT, Alpha IQ, Alpha ST, Alpha III

June 2000 31687-4AM

TROUBLESHOOTING AND ERROR MESSAGES REPAIR INSTRUCTIONS

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

AEC Display OPTIPOINT 33275

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

5.40 5.41 5.42 6

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

PERFORMA, ALPHA SERVICE MANUAL CONTENTS

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Switch between SEr- and nor-mode Switch from AEC- to nor-mode

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

* Performa, Alpha RT/IQ only

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

0-9999 9-16 0-25.5 0-1 1-5 10 0 4

Par 6 Par 7 SUP 1 SUP 2 SUP 3 SUP 4 SUP 5

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

KEY kV+ &kVDEN+ mAs+ DENmAsAutoexp

FUNCTION Scrolls the parameters to be set Increase parameter value

DISPLAY AFF. DEN kV& mAs

Switch back to program menu

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Scroll counters Reset the displayed counter kV and mAs

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

S = 700 S = 600 S = 500 S = 350 S = 200 S = 100 S = 50 S=0

0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6

S=0 S = 50 S = 100 S = 200 S = 350 S = 500 S = 600 S = 700

Exposure time / sec.

Exposure time / sec.

0.8 0.7 0.6

Exposure time / sec.

Exposure time / sec.

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Parameters to be set in program #64 AEC are: parameter

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

When to adjust target times: AEC adjustment quick fix guide

O.fl, U.fl or C.cn error code

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

USING THE SERIAL PORT IN FOR COMMUNICATION

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

0 = Not activated 1 = Activated CSense Board:

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

3.4.3 X-RAY GENERATION AND CONTROL

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III

Performa, Alpha IQ, RT, ST, III