TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 4(27).

2008

THIT K, CH TO THIT B T NG KIM TRA V PHN LOI KCH THC CHI TIT
DESIGNING AND MANUFACTURING A DETAILED SIZE CLASSIFYING AND AUTO-TESTING MACHINE PHM NG PHC
Trng i hc Phm Vn ng

TRN I HIU
Trng Cao ng Cng nghip Hu
TM TT Hin nay, vic nghin cu ch to cc thit b t ng kim tra kch thc chi tit l vic cn mi m trong iu kin nc ta. Bi bo gii thiu kt qu nghin cu thit k ch to thit b t ng kim tra kch thc chi tit hnh tr trn. Thit b c iu khin t ng t vic: cp phi, o v phn loi chi tit theo kch thc. ABSTRACT Nowadays, the research on the manufacture of a detailed- size classifying and autotesting device is new to our countrys conditions. This paper introduces some research results in designing and manufacturing a device which can automatically check the detailed sizes of a plain cylinder. It is automatically controlled in feeding, measuring and classifying details in proportion to sizes.

1. t vn Trong lnh vc c kh, cht lng sn phm lun l yu t hng u cn phi m bo trong qu trnh sn xut. Vic kim tra sn phm hin nay thng thc hin bng tay v quan st bng mt nn nng sut thp, c th thiu chnh xc v cc yu t ch quan. Vic nghin cu ch to cc thit b t ng kim tra v phn loi kch thc chi tit nhm t ng ha khu kim tra l cn thit. 2. Thit k cc b phn ca thit b v iu khin thit b o Thit b c ch to t ng kim tra v phn loi kch thc chi tit hnh tr trn, y l loi sn phm n gin nhng thng gp 2,5 trong ngnh ch to my. Cc chi tit kim tra c ng knh = (19,5 20.5) mm, chiu di L=30mm, nh hnh v 1. Kch thc c kim tra l 20 ng knh ca chi tit 20+0,2. Dung sai cho php =0,2mm. Nh vy theo yu cu v chnh xc kch thc, cc chi tit a vo kim tra s nm trong ba trng hp sau:
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Hnh 1. Chi tit cn kim tra

TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 4(27).2008

1. ng knh D < 20 : ph phm. 2. ng knh 20 D 20,2 : t yu cu. 3. ng knh D > 20,2 : khng t yu cu nhng c th sa li c. Thit b kim tra t ng c nhim v kim tra v phn loi sn phm theo ba trng hp trn. S nguyn l ca m hnh thit b t ng kim tra kch thc v phn loi kch thc chi tit nh hnh v 2.
Mang cha phoi O cha Phe pham O cha Thanh pham

Ca phan loai

Ca phan loai

Mang phan loai

O cha San pham khong at yeu cau

C cau o

C cau a quay

Hnh 2: S nguyn l ca thit b kim tra Chi tit cn o t trong mng cp phi, mng cp phi cung cp chi tit n a quay v a quay c nhim v a chi tit n v tr cn o, cm c cu o hot ng v xc nh kch thc o . Sau khi kim tra ng knh ca chi tit, thit b t ng phn loi kch thc ca chi tit theo 3 nhm: nhm ph phm, thnh phm v nhm c kch thc khng t yu cu. 2.1 Thit k cc b phn C kh Thit b bao gm: Mng cp phi (c cu cp phi), c cu a quay, c cu o, mng phn loi v cha sn phm sau khi phn loi. Da trn hnh dng v kch thc ca chi tit cn o ta chn kt cu cm c cu quay. Cm c cu a quay : gm cc chi tit chnh sau:
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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 4(27).2008

- a quay: c ng knh = 250 mm, ng knh l lp vi trc quay = 10 mm, chiu dy a B = 15 mm v trn a x 3 rnh rng 21 mm cch u nhau l 1200. a quay c chc nng dn chi tit n v tr o v mng phn loi. - a c nh c = 250 mm, chiu dy a B = 8 mm, trn a x mt rnh c b rng 21mm. a c nh lm mt chun cho phng php o mt tip im - Hp gim tc bnh vt trc vt c t s truyn i = 1 : 46, ng c in mt chiu gn trn hp gim tc c in p s dng U = 6 (V) - Ngoi ra, tip tc gim tc a quay theo ng yu cu ta dng cp bnh rng n khp ngoi c t s truyn i = 2 : 3 C cu o : Trong thc t, nu tnh v kinh t cc c cu o c gi thnh tng i cao, kt cu kh phc tp v c nhiu tnh nng trong k thut. Vic kt ni cc c cu o c gi thnh cao v s dng khng ht tnh nng k thut ca n s lm thit b o ca chng ta lng ph v kinh t v k thut. thun li cho vic la chn, ch to thit b o ng vi yu cu l phn loi kch thc chi tit thnh ba nhm sn phm: ph phm, thnh phm v sn phm khng t yu cu ta dng ng h so. ng h so c gi thnh thp, c s dng rng ri trong ngnh c kh chnh xc nn thch hp cho hc sinh v sinh vin ng dng. ng h o chuyn v c h s khuych i k = 100. C ngha mt n v o thc t sau khi dng ng h o chuyn v th gi tr sau khi khuch i tng ln Hnh 3 ng h o chi tit 100 ln so vi thc t. Da vo c tnh c gn cm bin quang ca ng h o chuyn v mi vch ca ng h tng ng vi lng dch chuyn l 0,01 mm nn ta t hai cm bin quang ti hai v tr ng vi dung sai l = 0,2 mm. Nh vy, cm bin th nht t ti v tr 0 th cm bin th 2 t ti v tr vch th 20 nh hnh 3. Nh vy, hai cm bin quang chia mt ng h so thnh ba khong ng vi yu cu phn loi kch thc chi tit thnh ba loi sn phm c kch khc nhau. g t c cu o ln thit b v xc nh kch thc ca chi tit thnh ba loi sn phm c kch thc khc nhau ta ly cc chi tit mu t ng gi tr kch thc ti hai gii hn m cm bin quang ly tn hiu a v b iu khin pht lnh iu khin c cu chp hnh. Sau khi t ng gi tr kch thc ta c nguyn l hot ng ca c cu o nh sau: Nguyn l hot ng: T mng cp phi chi tit c a quay a n c cu
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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 4(27).2008

o xc nh kch thc, khi chi tit n c cu o m kim ca ng h so khng dch chuyn hoc kim ng h so c dch chuyn nhng khng vt qua c cm bin quang th nht, th c cu o s nhn tn hiu a v b vi x l xc nh kch thc l ph phm, trong trng Hnh 4. Kt cu v kch thc mng cp phi hp nu kim ng h so vt qua cm bin th nht nhng khng vt qua cm bin th hai th kch thc c xc nh l thnh phm, cn nu kim ng h so vt qua c cm bin th nht v c cm bin th hai th tn hiu ly t hai cm bin quang a n b vi x l xc nh kch thc khng t yu cu nhng c th sa li c. Mng cp phi : Dng c cu cp phi kiu cha, kt cu v kch thc mng cp phi nh hnh 4. Mi ln ch c php cp c mt phi nht nh. Mng phn loi phi : Da vo trng lng v kch thc bn thn ca chi tit cn phn loi, mng phn loi c thit k vi hnh dng v kch thc nh hnh 5. Nguyn l hot ng nh sau: Trn mng c 3 ng dn hng c ngn cch bi 2 ca phn loi, ca phn loi hot ng nh s tc ng ca cun ht ( nam chm in). Sau khi c cu o xc nh c kch thc chi tit c cu a quay a chi tit n mng phn loi, Nu chi tit c kch thc ng hai cun ht (nam chm in) s khng hot ng, nh vo trng lng bn thn chi tit ri t do v ln xung cha phi theo ng dn Hnh 5. Hnh dng v kch thc mng phn hng nh sn. Nu trong trng hp loi kch thc chi tit khng t yu cu th mt trong hai cun ht (nam chm in) s hot ng ng m cc ca phn loi v dn hng phi ln xung cha phi theo ng dn hng nh sn. 2.2 Thit k mun iu khin t ng Cc c im v yu cu iu khin: Thit b t ng kim tra v phn loi kch thc sn phm hot ng da trn cc nguyn tc sau :Sn phm t mng cp phi c cp vo a quay nh c cu cp phi iu khin bng cun ht (nam chm in), phi i qua cm bin quang nhn c
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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 4(27).2008

sn phm t trn mng cp phi, chi tit tip tc c a n v tr o. Sau khi o cc cm bin pht tn hiu iu khin ng m cc ca ca mng phn loi thng qua cc cun ht nam chm in v a sn phm n cha phi ng yu cu. Ta c s khi iu khin cc tn hiu in vo, ra ca thit b o v phn loi kch thc sn phm nh hnh 6. S thut ton: Chng trnh iu khin thit b t ng kim tra kch thc chi tit c vit sau :

Cm bin nhn bit sn phm

Cm bin gii hn di

Cm bin gii hn trn

KHI IU KHIN

TN HIU VO MCH IU KHIN TN HIU RA

C CU

CP PHI

C CU ng c PHN LOI in 1 chiu Hnh 6. S khi iu khin

bng ngn ng Assembly trn c s s thut ton

Hnh 7 S thut ton

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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 4(27).2008

L1: tng ng vi cm bin quang th nht trn ng h so L2: tng ng vi cm bin quang th hai trn ng h so R1= 0 Ca phn loi th nht ng, R1=1 ca phn loi th nht m R2= 0 Ca phn loi th hai ng, R2= 0 ca phn loi th hai m 3. Kt qu v tho lun Thit b t ng kim tra v phn loi kch thc chi tit hnh tr trn sau khi thit k v ch to, t c cc yu cu sau: - Thit b c kh nng t ng kim tra v phn loi kch thc chi tit thnh ba nhm sn phm nh ra. - Kt ni cc mun c kh: cp phi, kim tra, phn loi v mun iu khin. Chng trnh iu khin thit b vit bng ngn ng Assembly. Tuy nhin thit b cn hn ch l cha th kt ni gia thit b o v my vi tnh qun l s liu o mt cch c th hn v iu khin thit b o bng my tnh. 4. KT LUN Vic thit k ch to thnh cng m hnh thit b t ng kim tra v phn loi kch thc chi tit hnh tr trn gp phn to ra nhng m hnh hc tp v nghin cu cho cc hc sinh ti cc trng dy ngh cng nh cc sinh vin theo hc ti cc trng i hc k thut. c bit m hnh thit b c th dng lm m hnh hc tp cho hc sinh, sinh vin cc ngnh nh: C kh, in t, in, Tin hc; hay ni cch khc m hnh thit k l mt dng sn phm ca ngnh c in t. TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Trn Vn ch, Trn Xun Vit, Nguyn Trng Doanh, Lu Vn Nhang (2001), T ng ho qu trnh sn xut, Nxb Khoa hc v k thut [2] L Hoi Quc, Chung Tn Lm (2003), PLC trong iu khin cc qu trnh cng nghip - B iu khin kh lp trnh PLC, Nxb i Hc Quc Gia Thnh Ph H Ch Minh [3] Nguyn Hng Thi, Phn t t ng trong H thng in, Nxb Khoa hc k thut [4] Nguyn Tin Th, Nguyn Th Xun By, Nguyn Th Cm T, K thut o lng v kim tra trong ch to c kh, Nxb Khoa hc v k thut [5] Trn Don Tin (1999), T ng iu khin cc qu trnh cng ngh, Nxb Gio dc.

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