Go to worksheet 2.

Production of hydrogen and oxygen

What you will need: safety glasses and laboratory coat glass trough (a pneumatic trough works well) teaspoon table salt (sodium chloride) 2 aluminium foil electrodes 2 connecting wires with alligator clips 2 test tubes flat wooden strip sticky tape and rubber bands 9 V DC power supply. Pour water into the glass trough, so that it is about three-quarters full. Dissolve 8 teaspoons of table salt in the water. This is done because pure water is not a very good conductor of electricity. Attach a small piece of aluminium to one end of each of the connecting wires. Attach the two test tubes to the flat wooden strip using rubber bands or sticky tape. Fill the test tubes with water. Quickly invert them into the trough, losing as little water as possible. Insert a connecting wire with an aluminium strip into each of the test tubes. Attach the other ends of the wires to the 9 V DC power supply. Turn on the power and observe what happens for about 10 minutes. Turn off the power supply.
Powerpack

REMEMBER 1 The elements found in

nature can be sorted into metals, metalloids and nonmetals. (a) Which of these groups makes up most of the universe? (b) Which group contains the greatest number of elements? (c) Which group contains the smallest number of elements? 2 List the properties of nonmetals. 3 What are metalloids?

THINK 4 Metals often combine with

Test tubes attached to wooden strip

non-metals. For example, sodium and chlorine chemically join to form sodium chloride. What do you think happens to sodiums outer shell electron?

SKILLBUILDER 5 Draw a pie chart to compare

the amounts of the three most abundant elements in the universe.

IMAGINE 6 Imagine that you have just set

Salt solution Aluminium foil electrodes

1. How do the water levels in the two test tubes compare? 2. Since you are breaking up the water molecules (H2O) into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, which test tube do you think contains hydrogen and which contains oxygen? Test your hypothesis about the gases by inverting the tubes and bringing a lighted match near each of the test-tube openings. Oxygen will make the flame burn brightly. Hydrogen gas will cause a popping sound. 3. Was your hypothesis about the gases correct? 4. Write a word equation for the chemical reaction (which is called electrolysis) that you have observed in this investigation.

foot on a new planet that has areas of water on its surface; however, there is very little oxygen in the atmosphere. Design a building that would provide you and future visitors with some extra oxygen for breathing and hydrogen for use as a fuel.

learning

I CAN:
describe the properties of nonmetals and metalloids discuss the differences between metals, non-metals and metalloids list the uses of some nonmetals.

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2. Atomic structure and the periodic table