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RISK ASSESSMENT:
What are the five categories of health and safety? Or Defined the terms hazard?
Hazard
Something with the potential to cause harm. For example a lorry moving around a site road is a hazard because it might run over a worker. Hazard can be classified as: 1. Physical things which cause harm because of their physical characteristics e.g. electricity, work at height, radiation, vibration, noise, heat, trip hazards. 2. Chemical things which can cause harm because of their chemical characteristics e.g lead, mercury, sulphuric acid, cement dust etc. 3. Biological living micro organism that cause disease and ill health e.g. hepatitis B virus, Legionella bacteria. 4. Ergonomic stress and strain put on the body through posture and movement e.g. frequent repetitive handling of small boxes. 5. Psychological things that have the potential to cause injury to the mind rather than the body e.g. exposure to highly traumatic event.
Risk
The likelihood that hazards will cause harm in combination with the severity of Injury, damage or loss that might occur for example an electrical flex trailing across a busy corridor in a hospital creates a risk. For example an electrical flex trailing across a busy corridor in a hospital creates a risk. The degree of risk can be described as high or medium depending on how likely person might trip over that trailing flex and how badly they might be injured.
Explain the aims and objectives of risk assessment? Or Identified the aim of risk assessment?
Objectives of Risk Assessment:
The aim of risk assessment is to ensure that hazards are eliminated of risk is minimized by the correct application of relevant standards.
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ELEMENT 5
Page 2 of 6 3. Near miss 4. Dangerous occurrence 5. Ill health incident. As per bird triangles these are the numbers: For every 1 serious injury there are 10 minor injuries and 30 damage only and 600 incidents
Identify hazards by means of workplace inspection, analysis of tasks, legislation, manufacturers info and incident date? Or What techniques are used for identifying hazards? Hazards identification method Hazards can be identified using various methods such as:
1. Workplace inspection 4 Manufacturers information 2. Task analysis 5. Incident rate. 3. legislation
Workplace inspection
A formal inspection can help to find out hazards that are present at site.
Task analysis:
This method help to identifying hazards before work start. There is useful acronym for tasks analysis: 1. Select the task 2. Records the steps or stages of the task 3. Evaluate the risks associated with each step. 4. Develop the safe working method 5. Implement the safe working method 5. Monitor to ensure it is effective.
Legislation:
Knowledge of the legal standards that apply to a particular workplace is an important.
Manufacturer information:
When new substance is purchased it comes with labels and MSDS that clearly identify hazards.
Incident Data:
Internal accident and near miss data can be useful in identifying hazards
Hazards may generate risk to safety and risk to health. Safety Hazards: Safety hazards can be categorized according to the type of accident that is foreseen:
1. 4 7 10. Slips, trips and falls 2. Falls from height Collision with objects 5. Crush between objects Contact with machinery 8. Electricity Contact with Chemicals 11. Fire and explosion 3. Falling objects 6. Manual handling 9. Transport 12. Violence
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ELEMENT 5
Page 3 of 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Physical things which cause harm because of their physical characteristics e.g. electricity, work at height, radiation, vibration, noise, heat, trip hazards. Chemical things which can cause harm because of their chemical characteristics e.g lead, mercury, sulphuric acid, cement dust etc. Biological living micro organism that cause disease and ill health e.g. hepatitis B virus, legionella bacteria. Ergonomic stress and strain put on the body through posture and movement e.g. frequent repetitive handling of small boxes. Psychological things that have the potential to cause injury to the mind rather than the body e.g. exposure to highly traumatic event.
State the five steps involved in risk assessment? Or Explained the five steps or approach to risk assessment?
Principles and practice of risk assessment:
There are five steps to risk assessment: 1. Identify the hazards 2. Identify the people who might be harmed and how. 3. Evaluate the risk and decide on precautions. 4. Records the significant findings and implement them 5. Review and update as necessary
Identifying Hazards:
Hazards are the things with the potential to cause harm. It is important to identify both safety and health hazards. The hazards identification might be done by task analysis, manufacturers information of inspection of workplace.
1. Employees
Discussed the principle of rating risk using a simple scoring system for likelihood and severity? Evaluating the Risk and Deciding on Precautions:
Risk can be scored or rated using a simple formula Risk = Likelihood X Severity Semi quantitative risk rating system Likelihood Severity 1 = extremely unlikely 1 = very minor injury 2 = unlikely 2 = first aid injury 3 = possible 3 = lost time injury 4 = likely 4 = hospital treatment 5 = very probable 5 = disabling injury
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ELEMENT 5
Page 4 of 6 3. Prioritization 4. Timescale
1. Clarity of thinking:
People are more carefully think about likelihood and severity of injury. It is giving accurate result.
2. Consistency of approach:
Different people can use this system and will get similar result.
3. Prioritization:
It is possible to easily separate out the various risks presented by several hazards and rank them in order
4. Timescale:
It is even possible to allocate particular timescales to the risk rating that are calculated using this type of system.
Residual risk:
If the residual risk is low then it might be considered
Acceptable Risk:
The existing control are adequate nothing more need be done.
Tolerable:
Tolerable implies that it is not acceptable but can be tolerated for a short time while interim control are put into place.
Unacceptable:
Implies that the risk level is too high for work to be allowed
State the principles which underlie the order of the general control hierarchy?
General Control Hierarchy:
If the risk is unacceptable then controls must be introduced to either eliminate hazards or create safe place or a safe person. Any residual risk must be acceptable
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ELEMENT 5
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Use of standards:
Legal standards can often be used to indicate what level of risk is acceptable. If there are clear legal standards about the control that should be applied to particular hazard in a workplace then the use of scoring system and risk prioritization and timescales will become unneeded.
What particular staff groups require special consideration during risk assessment?
Special cases and vulnerable workers:
Sometimes it is necessary to focus risk assessment on a vulnerable person or group of workers such as young persons, expectant women and nursing mothers, disabled workers and lone workers.
Young person:
A young person is defined by law under 18 year age. There are several reason why a young person might be vulnerable to risk in workplace o Lack of experience o Physical and mental immaturity o Poor perception of risk
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ELEMENT 5
Page 6 of 6 o Heavily influenced by peer group pressure o Eager to show a willingness to work. It may necessary to; Prohibit a young person form carryout certain high risk activities Restrict their work patterns and hours Train and supervise them
Disabled workers:
During the risk assessment process it may be necessary to: Identify certain health and fitness criteria for some jobs then screen staff against these criteria Identify workers with known disabilities and consider what the implications of their particular type and level of disability
Lone workers:
People who work entirely on their own for periods of time like service engineers who spends four hours alone in a plant room servicing machinery is a lone worker.
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