Chapter 1.1 Review of Laplace Transform and Complex Number

CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 1

REVIEW of LAPLACE
REVIEW of LAPLACE
TRANSFORM and
TRANSFORM and
COMPLEX NUMBER
COMPLEX NUMBER
KJM 497 : SYSTEM DYNAMICS
System Dynamics KJM
497
Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal

AIMS OF THIS CHAPTER
To understand the complex numbers,

complex variables and complex functions.
To understand the basic Laplace

Transform & Inverse Laplace Transform
Method
System Dynamics KJM
497

BIOGRAPHY 8.1 Pierre Simon,

Marquis de Laplace (1749
-1827)
Pierre Simon de Laplace was born

in Beaumont-en-Auge, France.
At age 20, having finished his

studies, Laplace went to Paris and
became the protg of d'Alembert,
a renowned mathematician and
physicist.
Laplace held a variety of positions,

ranging from teacher to artillery
inspector to favored collaborator
of Napolon Bonaparte (who
briefly made him Minister of the
Interior).
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LAPLACE TRANSFORM

In practice, complex number are written

as
iy x z +
z
iy x z
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497
COMPLEX NUMBER
is the complex conjugate, where
z is called complex number where x and y is the

real and imaginary part

Complex plane is shown below (source Erwin

Kreyszig)
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COMPLEX NUMBER

How to get the magnitude of z ?

2 2
y x z +
,
_

x
y
1
tan
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COMPLEX NUMBER
How to get the angle of z?

Besides the xy coordinates, the polar coordinates r,

also can be employed:
cos z x
sin z y
Hence, takes the so-called polar form:
iy x z +
) sin (cos i r z +
i
re z
Or

sin cos * i e
i
+
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COMPLEX NUMBER

Complex Algebra:
Equality of complex numbers
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
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COMPLEX NUMBER

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COMPLEX FUNCTIONS
j s +
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
n
m
p s p s p s
z s z s z s K
s F
+ + +
+ + +
......
......
) (
2 1
2 1
j F F s F
y x
+ ) (
Complex Variable
Complex Function
In General:

Source: Erwin Kreyszig
System Dynamics KJM
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LAPLACE TRANSFORM

System Dynamics KJM
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LAPLACE TRANSFORM

In summary, the operation in Laplace

Transform can be interpreted pictorially as
below:
Time
Domain
f(t)
Complex
frequency
domain
F(s)
Laplace transformation
Inverse Laplace Transformation
System Dynamics KJM
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LAPLACE TRANSFORM

Basically, we can use formula or

table of properties of Laplace
Transform to solve any differential
equation
Look at your text book, page 18-20

System Dynamics KJM
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LAPLACE TRANSFORM

General formula:
System Dynamics KJM
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LAPLACE TRANSFORM

System Dynamics KJM
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LAPLACE TRANSFORM

System Dynamics KJM
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LAPLACE TRANSFORM

Table of Laplace Transforms :
System Dynamics KJM
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LAPLACE TRANSFORM

System Dynamics KJM
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LAPLACE TRANSFORM

System Dynamics KJM
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LAPLACE TRANSFORM

System Dynamics KJM
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LAPLACE TRANSFORM

System Dynamics KJM
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LAPLACE TRANSFORM

System Dynamics KJM
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LAPLACE TRANSFORM

Partial Fraction Partial Fraction
Method: Method:
1. Distinct real poles
2. Repeated (multiple) real
poles
3. Complex conjugate poles
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INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORM

1. Distinct Real Poles: 1. Distinct Real Poles:
4 3 ) 4 ( ) 3 (
1
) (
+
+
+
+ + +
+
s
b
s
a
s s
s
s F
System Dynamics KJM
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[ ]
hence
s F s b
s
3 ) ( ) 4 (
4
+

[ ] 2
4
1
) ( ) 3 (
3
3

,
_
+
+
+

s
s
s
s
s F s a
t t
e e t f
4 3
3 2 ) (

+
LT Inverse
s s
s F
+
+
+
4
3
3
2
) (
'
+
+
'
'
+
+
'

4
1
3
3
1
2
4
3
3
2
) (
1 1 1 1
s
L
s
L
s
L
s
L t f

2. Repeated (multiple) Real 2. Repeated (multiple) Real
Poles Poles
( )
4 1
1
) 4 ( ) 1 (
3 2
) (
2 2
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
s
c
s
b
s
a
s s
s
s F
System Dynamics KJM
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{ }
9
5
4
3 2
) ( ) 1 (
)! 1 2 (
1
1 1
2
,
_
+
+
1
]
1
s s
s
s
ds
d
s F s
ds
d
b
{ }
{ }
9
5
1
3 2
) ( ) 4 (
4
2
4

,
_
+
+
+

s
s
s
s
s F s c
{ }
3
1
4
3 2
) ( ) 1 (
)! 2 2 (
1
1
1
2
,
_
+
+
+

s
s
s
s
s F s a

Cont.
( ) 4
1
9
5
1
1
9
5
1
1
3
1
) 4 ( ) 1 (
3 2
) (
2 2
+
,
_
,
_
+
+
,
_
+ +
+
s s
s
s s
s
s F
hence
System Dynamics KJM
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t t t
e e te t f
4
9
5
9
5
3
1
) (

+
( )

)
'
,
_
'
,
_
,
_
,
_

4
1
9
5
1
1
9
5
1
1
3
1
) (
1 1
2
1
s
L
s
L
s
L t f
LT Inverse

3. Complex Conjugate 3. Complex Conjugate
Poles Poles
( ) ) 1 ( 1 ) 1 )( 1 (
1
) (
j s
b
j s
a
j s j s
s
s G
+
+
+ +
+ + +
System Dynamics KJM

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{ } j
j
j
s G j s a
j s

,
_
+
+ +

2
1
2
2
) ( ) 1 (
1
{ } j
j
j
s G j s b
j s
+
,
_
+
+
+
2
1
2
2
) ( ) 1 (
1

Cont.
( ) ( ) t j t j
e j e j t g
LT Inverse
+
,
_
+ +
,
_
1 1
2
1
2
1
) (
System Dynamics KJM
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jt t jt t
e e j e e j t g

,
_
+ +
,
_

2
1
2
1
) (
( ) ( )
'
,
_
+ +
,
_

t j t j t j t j e t g
t
sin cos
2
1
sin cos
2
1
) (
( ) t t e t g
t
sin 2 cos ) (

System Dynamics KJM
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CONCLUSION

System Dynamics KJM
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FEEDBACK QUESTION
1. Complex Number:
j z 4 2
1
+
j z 4
2

2
1
z
z
Determine:
a
.
2. Laplace Transform:
( ) kx x c x m t f + +

Chapter 1.1 Review of Laplace Transform and Complex Number

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Chapter 1.1 Review of Laplace Transform and Complex Number

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CHAPTER 1

To understand the complex numbers,

To understand the basic Laplace

BIOGRAPHY 8.1 Pierre Simon,

Pierre Simon de Laplace was born

At age 20, having finished his

Laplace held a variety of positions,

In practice, complex number are written

is the complex conjugate, where

z is called complex number where x and y is the

Complex plane is shown below (source Erwin

How to get the magnitude of z ?

How to get the angle of z?

Besides the xy coordinates, the polar coordinates r,

Equality of complex numbers

In summary, the operation in Laplace

Basically, we can use formula or

Look at your text book, page 18-20

System Dynamics KJM

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