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Types of propellant
Hydrocarbon (Propane, Butane, Isobutane) Chlorofluorocarbon (EPA Banned ) (Trichloromonofluromethane,Dichlorodifluromethane) Compressed gases: (Nitrogen, Nitrous oxide,Carbondioxide)
Types of containers
They must be stand at pressure as high as 140 to 180 psig(pounds per sq. inch gauge) at 1300 F 1)Tinplated containers Available in sheets 3 piece body Coating is done after fabrication 2) Aluminum containers Seamless Great resistance to corrosion Incompatible with pure water and ethanol
4) Glass containers
15-30ml Volume Available without plastic coating Good corrosion resistance Freedom for design of containers Not recommended for suspension
The product, usually in the form of a liquid, is added. This contains active ingredients, except propellant.
The propellant is injected under pressure, through the valve. The propellant may be in the form of a liquified gas, or a compressed gas.
Foam Actuator
Metered aerosol
Special actuator
Product concentrate
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Active ingredient Solvent Antioxidant Surfactant (Isopropyl myristate) Sweetener (Aspartame) Flavors (Strawberry )
Aerosol solution
Preferred dosage form Two phase system Generally single propellant is used Lowering of vapor pressure produced by ethyl alcohol, propylene glycol, glycerine and acetone Amount of propellant 5% - 95%
Aerosol suspension
To avoid co-solvency Dispersion of active ingredient Used for oral administration Surfactant is used ?
Adjustment of density
Use of dispersing agent
Aerosol Emulsion
Component
1. 2. 3. 4. Active ingredient Aqueous and nonaqueous vehicle Surfactant Propellant
Approx 7-10% Propellant Stable foam Quick breaking foam Emulsion are available in foam forms, Edible foams, Cough remedies , Antacids, vitamins
Drug deposition
System affected by- Particle size, Aerosols velocity, Hygroscopicity Device characteristic Breathing pattern Morphology of upper and lower airways
Intranasal application
Steroids, insulin, peptide and proteins are administered
The FDA has cleared the NasalNeb for the delivery of aerosol to the upper airway! And, in an unprecedented move, Healthline Medical has incorporated its integrated filter, thereby protecting both caregiver and the environment!
Less bioavailability
Quick effect of drug
Airway obstruction
Antispasmodic
Corticosteroids
Antidiabetic
Manufacturing of aerosols
Pressure filling apparatus Cold filling apparatus Compressed gas filling apparatus
valve
Unsuitable for hydrocarbon aerosol
Evaluation of aerosols
1. Flammability and combustibility
Flash point (-25F,Tag open cup Apparatus) Flame extension (Flame) Vapor pressure Density (Hydrometer or Pycnometer) Moisture content (Karl Fischer & GC ) Identification of propellant (GC&IR) Concentrate propellant ratio
2.Physicochemical characteristic
Evaluation of Aerosols
3. Performance
Aerosols valve discharge (gm/sec)
Recent advances
Metered dose inhalers Sublingual aerosols Anti diabetic aerosols (Insulin liposome for controlled drug delivery system) Pressurized metered dose inhalers Administration of proteins and peptides