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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
For Joseph Baicker with thanks for all the help with math, even though he wouldnt let me do it the teachers way.
Scholastic Inc. grants teachers permission to photocopy the reproducibles from this book for classroom use. No other part of this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part, or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without permission of the publisher. For information regarding permission, write to Scholastic Teaching Resources, 557 Broadway, New York, NY 10012-3999. Cover and interior design by Maria Lilja Interior illustrations by Jason Robinson Copyright 2004 by Karen Baicker. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-439-53991-9 Printed in the U.S.A.
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Contents
......................4 How to Use This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Tips for Teaching With Origami . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 The Language and Symbols of Origami . . . . . . . . 7 Basic Geometric Shapes Reference Sheet . . . . . . . 8
Introduction
Box It Up! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Math Concepts: multiplication, division, dimension NCTM Standard 3
Noise Popper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Math Concepts: measurement, shape, spatial reasoning, symmetry NCTM Standard 3
Activities
1
Itty-Bitty Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Math Concepts: spatial reasoning, shapes, symmetry, fractions, multiplication, division NCTM Standards 1 and 3
What a Card! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Math Concepts: shapes, patterns, size, symmetry, spatial relations NCTM Standards 2 and 3
10
Jumping Frog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Math Concepts: shape, measurement, distance, height NCTM Standards 3 and 4
Whale of Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Math Concepts: size, symmetry, shapes, patterns, spatial relations NCTM Standards 2 and 3
11
Kitty Cat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Math Concepts: angles, symmetry NCTM Standard 3
Instant Cup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Math Concepts: spatial reasoning, shapes, volume NCTM Standards 3 and 4
12
Floating Boat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Math Concepts: shape, fractions, area NCTM Standards 2 and 3
Playful Pinwheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Math Concepts: spatial relations, pattern, symmetry, motion NCTM Standards 2 and 3
13
Page-Hugger Bookmark . . . . . . . . . . 42
Math Concepts: shape, spatial reasoning, symmetry, congruence NCTM Standards 3
Handy Hat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Math Concepts: spatial reasoning, sequence, symmetry, scale NCTM Standards 2 and 3
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Introduction
Why fold? The learning behind the fun
The first and most obvious benefit of teaching with origami is that its fun and motivating for students. But the opportunities for learning through paper folding go much further. Many mathematical principles unfold and basic measurement and computation skills are reinforced as each model takes shape. The activities in this book are all correlated with NCTM (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics) standards, which are highlighted in each lesson. In addition, origami teaches the value of working precisely and following directions. Students will experience this with immediacy when a figure does not line up properly or does not match the diagram. Also, because math skills are integrated with paper folding, a physical activity, students absorb the learning on a deeper level. Origami helps develop fine motor skills, which in turn enhances other areas of cognitive development. Best of all, origami offers a sense of discovery and possibility. Make a fold, flip it over, open it up and you have created a new shape or structure!
Tactile Learning Suppose you want to see if two shapes are the same size. You can measure the sides to get the information you need about area. But the easiest way to see if two objects are the same size is to place one on top of the other. Thats essentially what you are doing when you fold a piece of paper in half. Spatial Reasoning Origami activities challenge students to look at a diagram and anticipate what it will look like when folded. Often, two diagrams are shown and the reader must imagine the fold that was necessary to take the first image and produce the second. These are complex spatial relations problems but ever so rewarding when the end result is a cat or an airplane! Symmetry Origami patterns often call for symmetrical folds, which create congruent shapes on either side of the fold, and clearly mark the line of symmetry. Fractions Folding a piece of paper is a very concrete way to demonstrate fractions. Fold a piece of paper in half to show halves, and in half again to show quarters. For younger students, you can shade in sections to show parts of a whole. For older students, you can explore fractions. You can even show fraction equivalencies. 1 2 2 1 Is __ of __ the same as __ of __ ? 2 3 3 2 Through paper folding, you can see that it is! Sequence With origami, it is critical to follow directions in a precise sequence. The consequences of skipping a step are immediate and obvious. Geometry Most of the basic principles of geometry point, line, plane, shape can be illustrated through paper folding. One example is Euclids first principle, that there is one straight line that connects any two points. This postulate becomes obvious when you make a fold that
connects two points on the paper. For another example, older students are told that the angles of a triangle add up to 180. Folding a triangle can prove this geometric fact, as you see in the diagrams below. You can also demonstrate the concepts of hypothesis and proof. Predict what will happen, and then fold the paper to test the hypothesis.
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 2
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 2
Fold accurately
Make sure students fold on a smooth, hard, clean surface. Encourage students to make a soft fold and check that the edges line up properly to avoid overlapping. They can also refer to the diagram and make sure that the folded shape looks correct. After they make adjustments, they can make a sharper crease using their fingernails.
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 2
turn over
folded edge
fold
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 2
QUADRILATERALS
A quadrilateral is any figure that has four sides
congruent angles
60 60
congruent figures
Parallelogram a quadrilateral that has two pairs of parallel sides and two pairs of congruent sides
Rectangle a quadrilateral that has four right angles (90). All rectangles are parallelograms
Square a quadrilateral that has four right angles and four congruent sides. All squares are rectangles
TRIANGLES
A triangle is any figure that has three sides
Isosceles triangle a triangle with two congruent sides and two congruent angles
Isosceles right triangle a triangle with two congruent sides and one right angle
Equilateral triangle a triangle with three congruent sides and three congruent angles
CIRCLE
a round shape measuring 360
OVAL
an egg-shape with a smooth continuous edge
PENTAGON
a shape with five sides
HEXAGON
a shape with six sides
OCTAGON
a shape with eight sides
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 1
1 When we start, the corners of this rectangle are perfect square corners. Another word for a square corner is a right angle. Lets look around the room and find some right angles. (Point out the corners of the room, tables, books, and so on.) When we make our fold, weve cut this angle exactly in half. And now we have two isosceles right triangles, which means that the two sides of the triangle that form the right angle are the same length, or congruent. 2 Now we have an extra shape we have to cut (or tear)
away. What shape is this? (rectangle)
Materials Needed
page 10 (steps and pattern), rectangular sheet of paper, page 7 (The Language and Symbols of Origami), page 8 (Basic Geometric Shapes Reference Sheet)
Math Concepts
shapes, patterns, symmetry, spatial relations
NCTM Standards
analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships (Geometry Standard 3.1) use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems (Geometry Standard 3.4)
Math Vocabulary
rectangle square right angle isosceles right triangle triangle congruent
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 1
back and forth, scoring it each time with your finger or fingernail. Then hold the paper down firmly with one hand, and use the other hand to tear the rectangle away. Keep your hands close to the fold for better control.
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 2
What a Card!
Math Wise! Distribute copies of page 12. Use these tips to highlight math concepts and vocabulary for each step. This activity is a simple but important introduction to basic math and origami concepts please dont skip it! You might teach how to make origami cards before a class party or holiday, and tailor the cards accordingly.
1 This fold is called a valley fold. Thats because were making a little valley here. We started with a square, and now we have two rectangles. The middle line is called the line of symmetry. Thats because the line divides the rectangle into two halves that are exactly the same. We also have an inside and an outside now. Look what else has happened. The short side is now the long side. 2 & 3 This fold is sometimes called a book fold. Why do you think it has that name? Lets unfold it for a minute just to see whats happened. Look, we have four equal squares. Lets say the whole card cost $1.00. How much would one of these squares be worth? (25) So thats a hundred cents divided into 4 parts.
Lets fold it back up again, following the same steps. Notice how one side now forms both the inside and the outside of the card? The other side is all folded up inside, you see.
(Let students discuss and then decorate and fill in their cards. Encourage them to use a square sheet of colored paper and follow these directions to make a card of their own.)
Materials Needed
page 12 (steps and pattern), rectangular paper or square paper (optional), crayons or markers
Math Concepts
fractions, spatial relations, size, symmetry
NCTM Standards
understand numbers, ways of representing numbers, relationships among numbers, and number systems (Number and Operations, Standard 1.1) represent and analyze mathematical situations and structures using algebraic symbols (Algebra Standard 2.2) analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships (Geometry Standard 3.1) apply transformations and use symmetry to analyze mathematical situations (Geometry Standard 3.3)
To further explore the line of symmetry, let students paint with watercolors on one half of a piece of paper. Then have them fold the page in half, press it firmly, and open up again. They will have a symmetrical design. Make a chart that shows Folds in one column and Sections in a second column. If you fold a piece of paper once, you have two sections; fill in the first row with 1 (fold) and 2 (sections). Have students fold the paper again (while it is still folded) in the other direction. Then fill in the chart. Repeat again in the opposite direction again. Have students continue to fill in the chart. Have them try to determine a pattern. (The number of sections doubles with each fold.)
Math Vocabulary
half quarter fraction line of symmetry
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 2
12
time:_______________________
Make a e n th design o page of this back it and fold r a kwards fo rd! bac le ca reversib
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________
Lesson 3
Whale of Triangles
Math Wise! Distribute copies of pages 14 and 15. Use these
tips to highlight math concepts and vocabulary for each step.
Our Whale Pattern page has some features drawn in. But you may also want to distribute blue or gray paper and have students make their own.
1 What shape are we starting with? (A square. You may wish to point out that the shape is a quadrilaterala shape that has four sides.)
Notice how I turn or rotate the square like a diamond, so the point is at the top. Lets make sure everyones paper is facing the same way. (Encourage the class to look around the room to check for
the correct positioning. Looking from different angles will strengthen their spatial relations skills.) Sometimes in origami we make folds, only
Materials Needed
page 14 (steps), page 15 (pattern) or 6-inch square paper
Math Concepts
shapes, patterns, symmetry, spatial relations
to unfold them again! Whats the point? Well, as youll see, these folds always come in handy later on! Now we have two new shapes. What are they called? (They are triangles; you may wish
to point out that they are isosceles right triangles, each having a right angle and two sides of the same length.) Find the centerline we just folded.
NCTM Standards
analyze change in various contexts (Algebra Standard 2.4) analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships (Geometry Standard 3.1) apply transformations and use symmetry to analyze mathematical situations (Geometry Standard 3.3) use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems (Geometry Standard 3.4)
Thats called the line of symmetry. That means that the line divides two halves that match.
2 This time we dont have to unfold it! But look at what shapes weve made. Thats right, two new triangles.
(You may wish to note that these are scalene triangles, triangles that have no sides that are the same length.)
4 Ah-hah! Were using that line of symmetry again. Now you see why we folded it in the first place! 5 & 6 We just made our last triangle! When we slit the tail, we divided it in two. But it looks like we multiplied it, doesnt it? Thats because we started with two layers. Go ahead and add some details to your whaledont forget to add a blowhole! What shape is that? (a circle)
Beyond the Folds!
Make a whole school of whales and put the school on a bulletin board. Make them form an array, with rows and columns. You can teach basic multiplication from your array. Have students use bigger and smaller squares to see how the whales turn out different sizes, depending on the initial square. Show how you can measure the size by putting the squares, and the whales, on top of each other.
Math Vocabulary
square diamond triangle right left point center line of symmetry quadrilateral isosceles triangle scalene triangle multiply divide
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 3
5 Rotate the shapes so that the long flat line is at the bottom.
6 Fold the left point up along the dotted line to form a tail. Slit the tail along the cut line. Fold the triangles out to form the flukes.
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 3
Whale Pattern
Follow the steps on page 14 to create a whale.
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 4
Instant Cup
Math Wise! Distribute copies of pages 17 and 18. Use these
tips to highlight math concepts and vocabulary for each step.
This cup really works. It can hold liquiduntil the water soaks through! You can adapt this model to make a hanging pocket holder. Start with a bigger sheet of paper. At the last step, dont tuck the final flap in. Keep the back triangle up, punch a hole in it, and hang it up to collect Valentines. You can also punch holes and add straps to make a little carryall.
1 A diamond is just a different way of looking at a square! Lets make two triangles. For each triangle, two sides are the same length, and they have a right angle. That makes them isosceles right triangles. 2 Were making this point (the tip of the angle) meet the dot
(a small circle). This bottom part of our cup is called the base of the triangle. The top point is called the apex.
3 Lets fold this top triangle down and tuck it in. What kind
of triangle is it? (Isosceles right triangle) What makes it so?
(two sides the same length, one right angle)
Materials Needed
page 17 (steps), page 18 (pattern) or 6-inch square paper, water (optional)
Math Concepts
spatial reasoning, shapes, volume
NCTM Standards
it wouldnt balance on a table!) analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships (Geometry Standard 3.1) Beyond the Folds! apply transformations and use Ask students if they think that a square double the size of the original square symmetry to analyze mathematical will make a cup that holds double the volume. Then have them conduct an situations (Geometry Standard 3.3) experiment: Make two cups with different-sized paper and test the volume. use visualization, spatial reasoning, Fill the larger cup and then pour it into the smaller cup once. Then dump and geometric modeling to solve that water (or grains of rice) out, and refill from the larger cup. See how many problems (Geometry Standard 3.4) times the smaller cup fills to compare the capacity of the two cups. understand measurable attributes of objects and the units, systems, and Make a large cup out of a big square of newsprint. Turn it upside down and its processes of measurement a hat! Use this activity to discuss the fact that form and function are often a (Measurement Standard 4.1)
Math Vocabulary
quadrilateral trapezoid parallel line of symmetry square isosceles right triangle diagonal
matter of perspectivejust like turning the square into a diamond in the first step. Let students make and decorate their own hats.
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 4
4 Turn over and repeat steps 2 and 3 above tucking in the remaining triangle.
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 4
Cup Pattern
This cup actually holds water. Once you learn this simple model, youll always be able to whip up a cup anytime youre thirsty and youve got paper to fold!
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 5
Playful Pinwheel
Math Wise! Distribute copies of page 20. Use these tips to highlight math concepts and vocabulary for each step. This classic paper-folded pinwheel is fun to create and play with, and it makes a great model for exploring symmetry and patterns.
1 When we cut along these lines from the corner in, what
direction are the lines? (diagonal) The cut lines stop before they reach the center of the square. Describe what would happen if they continued. (They would come together or intersect in
the middle. If they were cut, you would have four equal triangles.)
Materials Needed
page 20 (steps and pattern), square paper (optional), pencils with erasers, scissors, push pins, glue (optional), crayons or markers
Math Concepts
spatial relations, pattern, symmetry, motion
NCTM Standards
understand patterns, relations, and functions (Algebra Standard 2.1) specify locations and describe spatial relationships using coordinate geometry and other representational systems (Geometry Standard 3.2) apply transformations and use symmetry to analyze mathematical situations (Geometry Standard 3.3)
Tip: If students pinwheels do not spin freely, adjust the tension by pulling the thumbtack out slightly. Also adjust the angle of the blades so that they do not hit the pencil.
Math Vocabulary
diagonal intersect isosceles right triangles center
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 5
f agic o The m is the way ls ee eyre pinwh k when th me o so they lo ing. Make ent inn ith differ sp w e more ns and giv desig a whirl! them
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 6
Handy Hat
Math Wise! Distribute copies of pages 22 and 23. Use these
tips to highlight math concepts and vocabulary for each step.
This is the traditional newspaper hat. It may help to do it first on a smaller scale using our reproducible Hat Pattern, and then try it with big sheets of newspaper. There is one additional step when using the newspaper sheets (see Math Wise! step 3).
1 Were starting with a big rectangle. The bigger the rectangle, the bigger the hat well end up with. Open up the page after these two folds, just to take a look at the lines. We have two lines of symmetryone horizontal and one vertical. These lines are perpendicularthey form right angles where they cross. How many rectangles do we have?
(five: the big one plus the four smaller ones inside)
Materials Needed
page 22 (steps), page 23 (pattern) or newspaper sheets
2 What shapes are we folding down? (triangles) Notice that in origami when we make a fold on one side, we often repeat it on the other and we get two halves that are exactly the same. What is the word that means perfect balance or exactly the same on each side? (symmetry) 3 & 4 What is the shape we are folding up? (rectangle)
Note: for a newspaper hat, fold the bottom up twice: Fold once to meet the base of the triangle. Then fold again, as described.
Math Concepts
spatial reasoning, sequence, symmetry, scale
NCTM Standards
analyze change in various contexts (Algebra Standard 2.4) specify locations and describe spatial relationships using coordinate geometry and other representational systems (Geometry Standard 3.2) apply transformations and use symmetry to analyze mathematical situations (Geometry Standard 3.3)
Math Vocabulary
horizontal vertical line of symmetry perpendicular isosceles right triangle right angle rectangle
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 6
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 6
Hat Pattern
This page wont make a hat big enough for you, but you might use it for a doll or an action figure! Make these same folds on a sheet of newspaper and youll be covered!
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 7
Box It Up!
Math Wise! Distribute copies of pages 25 and 26. Use these
tips to highlight math concepts and vocabulary for each step.
This is one of the simplest and most traditional origami box designs. With this box, the top and bottom are the same, so fitting them together may be a tight squeezeunless the lid is made with a slightly larger rectangle. This activity works best with sturdy paper, so photocopy the pattern onto card stock if possible. Using the cover of a magazine also works well!
1 Lets see if I can express this fold with an equation. When 1 I fold it, its 1 2 = __. Now when I unfold it, I can say 1 x 2 = 2. 2 2 This fold is sometimes called a cabinet fold. Can you see why? How would you express one of the cabinet doors as 1 a fraction? ( __ ) 4 3 Now how many sections do we have? (8) So what is the 1 fraction that represents each rectangle? ( __ ) We started out 8 with four sections for the cabinet. What equation could we use to show what we now have? (4 x 2 = 8, or 4 + 4 = 8) Isnt that strange? When we fold it, we seem to be dividing it! But then when we open it, weve actually multiplied! 4 We dont need to open it up this time! But if we did, how
many sections do you think we would find? (16) You can take a peek and refold it to check your answer!
Materials Needed
page 25 (steps), page 26 (pattern) or 6-inch square of sturdy paper Note: For paper thats just the right weight and gives the box a glossy, colorful finish, use a magazine cover.
Math Concepts
multiplication, division, dimension
5 When we fold our triangles, they dont quite reach the middle. You know what that tells me? These little sections are not squares! If they were, the triangles would line up with the crease, because all of the sides would be the same length. 6 See how we have two trapezoids now! Trapezoids have one set of parallel lines. But watch when we open it! These other sides will become parallel. 7 & 8 Voila! See how something that is two-dimensional, or flat, becomes three-dimensional! Thats why we had to make all those creases. They formed the sides here, which give it the height, or third dimension.
Beyond the Folds!
Challenge students to figure out how to make the top slightly larger than the bottom. They can start with a slightly larger rectangle. But they can also cheat on the folding with the cabinet folds. They can make the edges not quite meet the center crease. They can imagine a closet door that cant quite close! Ask them to think about why this will yield a larger box. Ask students to explore different ways to make the box stronger. Then have them list what properties add strength. Possible solutions include: using heavier paper, making smaller boxes, using double layers, inserting cardboard on the inside.
NCTM Standards
analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships (Geometry Standard 3.1) specify locations and describe spatial relationships using coordinate geometry and other representational systems (Geometry Standard 3.2) use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems (Geometry Standard 3.4)
Math Vocabulary
height volume trapezoid parallel
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 7
Fold each side in half, folding in the long edges to the center fold. Crease sharply. Unfold.
4 Fold in the short edges to meet the center fold. Crease very sharply. This time, do not unfold.
5 Fold up the bottom right corner up along the fold line so that the corner meets the dot. Note that the top edge does not quite reach the center fold. Crease firmly. Repeat this step with the other three corners.
6 Fold back the edges, away from the center, to cover the top part of the triangles. Crease these bands sharply.
8 Help shape the corners of the box by creasing the corners and bottom edges. Flex the sides inward.
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 7
Box Pattern
Make two of these so your box will have a lid or attach a strip of paper to make a basket with a handle. Use it for paper clips, pennies, rubber bands, your favorite collector cards, hair clips, or any other favorite item!
Crea design o te a n th which w e back, on the in ill show sid folded b e of your ox this side . Color as w if you w ell, ish.
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 8
Noise Popper
Math Wise! Distribute copies of pages 28 and 29. Use these
tips to highlight math concepts and vocabulary for each step.
We know paper can fold, fly, spin and twirl. Add noise-making to the list of papers possibilities with this snappy popper.
Materials Needed
page 28 (steps), page 29 (pattern) or 1 8 __ by 11-inch rectangle (loose-leaf 2 notebook paper works best), crayons or markers Note: The pattern on page 29 must be enlarged at least 125% to pop well.
1 Notice that were placing our paper horizontally. The longest side is going across. When people name the measurements for something they usually give the width first. A page of copy paper held this way (show vertically) 1 is considered 8 __ by 11 inches. Turn it this way, and wed 2 1 say 11 by 8 __ inches. But its the same piece of paper! 2 2 The shape we end up with here looks a bit like a football. The shape of a football is made to spiral through the air. But this shape will be used to make sound. 3 When we fold the shape in half, we have a shape with four sides againa quadrilateral. But theres something special about this quadrilateral: two of its sides are parallel, equal distance apart at all pointslike train tracks. Which two sides are parallel? (The top and bottom. If students are ready for
another term, you may want to point out that a quadrilateral with two parallel sides is called a trapezoid.)
Math Concepts
measurement, shape, spatial reasoning, symmetry
NCTM Standards
apply transformations and use symmetry to analyze mathematical situations (Geometry Standard 3.3) use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems (Geometry Standard 3.4)
Vocabulary
horizontal parallel quadrilateral right angle
5 & 6 Lets take a look at it carefully before we use our noise popper. How do you think well make the noise? What kind of sound will be created? (Students may speculate that the triangular flap will pop out and make a popping or snapping sound. Show them how to hold the popper straight down and snap with a flick of their wrists.)
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 8
4 Fold the top left corner over to meet the top right corner.
5 Fold the front flap down, so that the top edge lines up with the left edge. Turn over and repeat.
6 To snap the popper, pinch flaps together firmly at the point, keeping your fingers toward the bottom so they do not block the action of the inner folds. Snap your wrist forward and the inner flap will pop out, making a snapping noise. If it doesnt come out, loosen it a few times and try again.
pinch here
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 8
Enlarge th pattern to is or larger to 125% popper wit create a ha sound. Or great sheet of lo use a ose-leaf paper.
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 9
Itty-Bitty Book
Math Wise! Distribute copies of pages 31 and 32. Use these
tips to highlight math concepts and vocabulary for each step.
This is an elegant way to make an eight-page book out of a single sheet of paper and one snip! The secret, of course, is in the folds. There are dozens of cross-curricular uses for this projectjournals, poetry books, invitations, autobiographies, and more.
1 Were going to make some folds and one snip, and turn this piece of paper into a book. How many pages do you think we can make? 2 How would we show one of these sections as a fraction?
1 ( __ ) Now suppose we cut this section out. What fraction 4 3 would be left? ( __ ) 4
Materials Needed
page 31 (steps), page 32 (pattern) or rectangular sheet of paper, scissors, crayons or markers
Math Concepts
spatial reasoning, shapes, symmetry, fractions, multiplication, division
4 How many sections are there now? (8) So each section is 1 one eighth ( __ ) of the whole page. 8
We made our slit on an outer edge. But look nowits on the inside. And its twice as long! How did that happen? (The cut
was on a fold. When we unfolded, that fold became the middle. The slit went through two layers. Thats why its double length.)
NCTM Standards
understand numbers, ways of representing numbers, relationships among numbers, and number systems (Number and Operations Standard 1.1) understand meanings of operations and how they relate to one another (Number and Operations Standard 1.2) analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships (Geometry Standard 3.1) specify locations and describe spatial relationships using coordinate geometry and other representational systems (Geometry Standard 3.2)
&
Math Vocabulary
rectangle line of symmetry eighths fractions quarters right angle
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 9
4 Cut in from the left side to the center, following the cut line. Make sure to stop at the middle crease. Open the whole sheet.
5 Fold in half top to bottom, so that the two long edges meet.
6 Push the two outer edges in, so that the slit opens and the inner pages are formed. Crease the edges of all pages to make the book.
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 9
Book Pattern
How can you turn one page into an eight-page book with one little snip? Try this brilliant paper-folding project. Use it to make a mini-journal, or a long card for your best friend.
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 10
Jumping Frog
Math Wise! Distribute copies of pages 34 and 35. Use these
tips to highlight math concepts and vocabulary for each step.
This is a popular origami model that jumps! Introduce or reinforce measurement skills such as distance and height by holding an origami frog-jumping contest. You can measure distance, height, and accuracy.
Materials Needed
page 34 (steps), page 35 (pattern) or a 6-inch square of paper, crayons or markers
Math Concepts
shape, measurement, distance, height
NCTM Standards
analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships (Geometry Standard 3.1) specify locations and describe spatial relationships using coordinate geometry and other representational systems (Geometry Standard 3.2) understand measurable attributes of objects and the units, systems, and processes of measurement (Measurement Standard 4.1) apply appropriate techniques, tools, and formulas to determine measurements (Measurement Standard 4.2)
6 This looks a little like a house now. What is this five-sided shape called? (a pentagon) When we fold these sides in, the shape looks more like a rocket. 7 & 8 First we make a valley fold and then a mountain fold.
What letter are we making along the side edge? (Z) Lets make a big Z on the board. Can you see why this shape is springy? How will this Z-shape design help the frogs to hop?
Math Vocabulary
rectangle intersection pentagon triangle perpendicular lines right angle
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 10
4 As you fold the top part down again, collapse the side triangles inward. Use your fingers to poke the triangles in as you fold. The top becomes a triangle. Crease the sides of the triangle well.
5 Take the bottom two points of the triangle and fold them up to create the front legs.
6 Fold the side edges in toward the center. Use the fold lines as a guide.
7 Fold in half, top to bottom. Do not crease this fold sharply; simply bend it.
8 Flip over. Fold the top layer in half, bottom to top, away from the legs and head. Again, do not crease sharply.
8 Your frog is ready to hop! Push down on the spot on the frogs back and release to make him go.
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 10
Frog Pattern
Hop to it with this little jumping frog. Hold a frog-jumping contest with your own frogs or challenge a friend to a hop-a-thon.
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 11
Kitty Cat
Math Wise! Distribute copies of pages 37 and 38. Use these
tips to highlight math concepts and vocabulary for each step.
Make these cat faces with black paper and use them as Halloween decorations.
1 Make a valley fold to create two layers of congruent or equal-sized triangles. What special type of triangle is this?
(isosceles right triangle)
Materials Needed
page 37 (steps), page 38 (pattern) or a 6-inch square of paper, crayons or markers
Math Concepts
angles, symmetry
2 Before we make this fold, lets find the midpoint, or middle, of the base of the triangle. How can we do that? (fold it in half) Lets not crease it firmly here; just make enough of a fold to mark the midpoint. Now when we fold these corners up, notice that we are making three congruent or equal angles at the base. 3 Now that weve folded the top down, we can see where
the ears will be, cant we? What shape are the ears? (triangles) This kind of triangle has no congruent or equal sides or angles. Its called a scalene triangle.
NCTM Standards
analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships (Geometry Standard 3.1) use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems (Geometry Standard 3.4)
4 & 5 If we cover up the ears, what shape does the face become? (a hexagon)
Math Vocabulary
congruent isosceles right triangle midpoint base angle scalene triangle hexagon
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 11
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 11
Cat Pattern
Make a bunch of black cats to hang up on Halloween. Or make one big cat with a large square and a litter of kittens with smaller squares.
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 12
Floating Boat
Math Wise! Distribute copies of pages 40 and 41. Use these
tips to highlight math concepts and vocabulary for each step.
This simple boat will actually float in water. Use a coin to help balance if the boat is too tippy.
1 Lets make a book fold. What two shapes do we have now? (rectangles)
1 2 How much of the page do we have with this strip here? ( __ ) 4
Materials Needed
page 40 (steps), page 41 (pattern) or 6-inch square, crayons or markers, basin of water (optional)
Math Concepts
shapes, fractions, area
5 When we make this fold, all of the back side of the paper
disappears. Its all tucked inside here.
NCTM Standards
understand patterns, relations, and functions (Algebra Standard 2.1) analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships (Geometry Standard 3.1) apply transformations and use symmetry to analyze mathematical situations (Geometry Standard 3.3)
6 How do you think this shape helps keep the water out?
Many boats have this shape, like a canoe. How does this shape help it float through the water? (The pointed ends help the
boat glide through the water smoothly. A flat front would slow down the speed and make the boat hard to control.)
Math Vocabulary
rectangle triangle hexagon area
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 12
Fold the top corners down to the center line and crease. Fold the bottom corners up to the center line and crease. Make sure to fold all the layers.
Separate the top edges to open the boat. Press down along the bottom and pull out the sides to create a flat bottom.
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 12
Boat Pattern
This simple boat actually floats. Try blowing it across a small tub of water with a straw. Have a boat race with a larger and smaller boat to see which moves faster.
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 13
Page-Hugger Bookmark
Math Wise! Distribute copies of pages 43 and 44. Use these
tips to highlight math concepts and vocabulary for each step.
Materials Needed
page 43 (steps), page 44 (pattern) or 6-inch square, crayons or markers, scissors, card stock, index cards, or heavy paper, glue
1 As you might know, the diamond is not really a shape. Its just a square that weve rotated so that we see it differently. These two lines that weve folded are perpendicular to each other. See how the corners where they intersect, or cross, are perfect square corners?
3 2 What fraction of the corners have we folded? ( __ ) 4
Math Concepts
shape, spatial reasoning, symmetry, congruence
3 Before we make our fold, lets look at this shape here. How many sides does it have? (5) What do we call a shape with five sides? (a pentagon) 4 How many sides does our shape have now? (4) Were taking this big triangle and bisecting it, or cutting it in half, to form two equal, or congruent triangles. Actually, its three congruent triangles, with this other flap here! 5 & 6 Weve formed a pocket here that can fit on the
corner of our page. Theres another pocket in our bookmark too. Can you find it? Could we use this pocket as a bookmark as well? (no) Why not? (because its not shaped like a corner, or right angle)
NCTM Standards
analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships (Geometry Standard 3.1) use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems (Geometry Standard 3.4)
Math Vocabulary
diamond square triangle perpendicular pentagon line of symmetry congruent
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 13
Fold up the bottom left corner to meet the top point. Crease well.
Tuck the right hand point inside the pocket formed by the left-hand triangle.
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 13
Bookmark Pattern
Keep this bookmark buddy handy and youll never lose your place.
b t __ __ is gs __ __ Th n __ lo __ __ be __ __ __ __ __ __ __
k oo o
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 14
There are hundreds of ways to make paper airplanes. This model has good gliding action. Use the airplane pattern on page 47, or 1 any 8 __ by 11-inch sheet of 2 copy paper!
1 If we take a plain piece of paper and try to throw it, it doesnt travel very far! But if we crumple it up, look! We can throw it much better. Why do different forms of the same page fly better than others? (The crumpled-up ball has a smaller
surface areamost of it is tucked into the center of the ball. Less of the paper hits the air, so it doesnt slow down the way the open sheet does.) When
Materials Needed
page 46 (steps), page 47 (pattern) 1 or 8__ x 11-inch rectangle, paper clip 2
we fold an airplane, we want to make a design that has not much surface area and little wind resistance.
Math Concepts
symmetry, balance, spatial reasoning
NCTM Standards
apply transformations and use symmetry to analyze mathematical situations (Geometry Standard 3.3) understand measurable attributes of objects and the units, systems, and processes of measurement (Measurement Standard 4.1) apply appropriate techniques, tools, and formulas to determine measurements (Measurement Standard 4.2)
3 Were folding these angles in half, or bisecting them. 4 In this model you might notice that whatever we do on one side, we do on the other. Thats because planes depend on symmetry for smooth flying. What would happen if the two sides were different? (It would fly crooked.) 5 & 6 What happens to the plane when we fold the nose
back? (The nose gets heavier.)
Math Vocabulary
half center weight corner bisect angle surface area
7 & 8 What does the paper clip do to the nose of the plane? (It adds more weight and keeps the sides together tightly, so theres
less surface area and wind resistance.)
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 14
4 Fold down the tip of the planes nose toward the middle, along the fold line.
6 Fold down the top layer of the rear wing, along the short fold line. Turn over and repeat on other side.
7 Fold down the wings to the base, starting from the nose. Use the long fold line as a guide. Repeat on the other side.
8 Spread the wings. Add a paper clip to the nose for balance and weight.
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Lesson 14
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources
intersection the point where two lines cross isosceles triangle a triangle with two congruent sides and two congruent angles line of symmetry a line that divides two alike halves midpoint a point that lies halfway along a line octagon a shape with eight sides oval an egg-shaped figure with a smooth, continuous edge
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Origami Math: Grades 2-3 Karen Baicker, Scholastic Teaching Resources