Khc vi cc my in vn phng (my in laser, my in phun, my in kim...

) phc v cho nhu cu in s lng t hoc va phi nn c chi ph u t thp, nhng gi thnh sn phm in cao; cc my in cng nghip c ch to cho mc ch in s lng ln nn gi thnh sn phm in thp nhng i hi chi ph u t ban u cao. Mt trong nhng cng ngh in cng nghip tin tin l cng ngh in nhit (thermal printing). Hin nay, cng ngh in nhit l cng ngh tt nht trong lnh vc in m vch (barcode) v lnh vc ny i hi hnh nh in ra phi chnh xc, cht lng cao v nt. Cc my in nhit c thit k in ra nhng chi tit c sai s rt nh v nhng vch c rng chnh xc m cc thit b in v c m vch yu cu phi t ti. C ch hot ng

a s my in nhit c thit k nh gn nh cc my in vn phng, mt s my in nhit c kch thc ln chuyn dng cho cc nhu cu in n ln. Nhng my in ny c cc cng giao tip RS-232, parallel, USB ni vi my tnh, ngoi ra mt s my cng c cng Ethernet v thit b wireless kt ni vi mng c dy v khng dy. Mt thnh phn rt quan trng trong my in nhit l u in (printhead). Khi nhn c d liu t bo mch iu khin ca my in truyn n, cc im nh nh xu trn khp b mt ca u in s c t nng (ng vi nhng im nh cn in) hoc ngui (i vi nhng im nh khng cn in) ng vi hnh nh cn in. Qu trnh ny din ra rt nhanh v l l do ti sao cc my in nhit c tc in rt nhanh, sau mc s c lm kh ngay tc khc (i vi my in truyn nhit dng mc - ribbon dng cun). Hin nay c 2 loi u in: u in phn gii 203dpi v 300dpi. Ngoi ra, cc nh sn xut nghin cu v ch to loi u in phn gii 600dpi dng in cc m vch rt nh trong tem (nhn) ca cc thit b cng nghip in t, vi in t.

Phn loi cng ngh in nhit Cng ngh in nhit c th c chia thnh 2 loi: in nhit trc tip (direct thermal printing) v in truyn nhit (thermal transfer printing). Khc vi nhng my in vn phng s dng giy theo dng t v hp mc i theo my, my in nhit s dng giy v mc (ribbon) theo dng cun c tho lp d dng. Cng ngh in nhit trc tip s dng nhit t u in trc tip tc ng ln giy cm nhit (tng t loi giy fax) to ra ni dung cn in, khng s dng ribbon. Cng ngh in truyn nhit s dng nhit t u in lm nng chy ribbon dnh ln vt liu cn in to ra ni dung cn in. Hin nay trn th trng c 3 loi ribbon (mt s hng sn xut cn gi l foil): wax (sp), resin (nha) v wax-resin (tng hp sp-nha). u v khuyt ca tng cng ngh Mi cng ngh in nhit u c u v khuyt im ring. Do chng ta cn bit r s khc bit gia cc cng ngh c th chn la cng ngh in ph hp vi nhu cu ca mnh. Cng ngh in nhit trc tip c u im l khng dng ribbon nn tit kim c chi ph mua ribbon. Tuy nhin cng ngh ny c khuyt im l hnh nh in ra trn loi giy cm nhit d phai theo thi gian. Ngoi ra, nu nhn in bng cng ngh ny tip xc nhiu vi nhit cao, nh sng, mt s cht xc tc th loi giy ny s b en, dn n ch v m vch trn nhn khng c c. Do , cng ngh ny ch c s dng in nhn dng trong vn chuyn hng ha, th khm cha bnh trong cc bnh vin, th khch tham quan, bin lai thu tin v cc loi v... Khuyt im duy nht ca cng ngh in truyn nhit l phi c chi ph cho ribbon. Cng ngh in truyn nhit c ng dng rng ri hn cng ngh in nhit trc tip v ngoi in c trn cc loi giy, n cn c th in trn mt s cht liu vi nh polyester, polypropylen... Khi u in truyn nhit ln ribbon, mc s bm ln cht liu giy hoc vi to nn cc hnh nh cn in. Khi mc bm dnh trn cht liu v tr thnh mt phn ca cht liu. Cng ngh ny cho hnh nh cht lng v lu bn hn so vi cc cng ngh in khc. Cng ngh in truyn nhit c ng dng trong cc lnh vc nh nhn dng sn phm (nhn m vch); qun l ti liu, h s; qun l kho...

ch s dng ca my in m vch chuyn nhit trong ngnh cng nghip bao gm: * m vch nhn (cc loi nhn c m vch nh km), hoc nh du nhn hiu qun o (o s mi kch thc vv) * In nhn bng nha cho cc thng cha ha cht (v bn) My in m vch thng c kch thc c nh ca 4 inch, 6 inch hoc 8 inch rng. Mc d mt s nh sn xut lm cho cc kch c khc nhau trong qu kh, nht by gi tiu chun ha trn cc kch c. Cc ng dng chnh cho cc my in l sn xut cc nhn m vch cho sn phm v xc nh vn chuyn. Cc my in m vch s dng mt u in c nh chiu rng nhit, nhn vo mt nhn bng giy hoc nha, trn mt con ln cao su iu khin.Khong cch T u in v dn nhn l rt mng kp nhit chuyn ribbon , m l mt b phim polyester c ph trn mt c nhn vi sp, sp hoc nha nha nguyn cht "mc" . Cc bng c spooled vo cun phim ln n 625 mt (1965 feet) v c thc y thng qua c ch in n ng b vi cc nhn, tc ln n 12 inches / giy (mc d 6 inches / giy l cho hu ht cc ng dng).

Nh cc nhn v ribbon c iu khin bn di u in cng nhau, im nh nh trn b rng ca u in c nung nng v lm ngui lm tan "mc" tt b phim polyester v trn nhn. Qu trnh ny xy ra rt nhanh chng v ti khon cho tc nhanh chng ca my in v l kh ngay lp tc. u in nhit thng c 203 im nh / inch (8 im trn mi mm) hoc 300 dpi (12 im nh / mm). Mc d mt s nh sn xut by gi lm cho 600 dpi sn xut my in m vch rt nh cho cc ngnh cng nghip in t (nhn vo bn trong ngn cha pin ca in thoi di ng ca bn.) Do tc in cao, cc my in nhn m vch cu to rt phc tp, vi b x l mnh m v kh nng b nh ln, cho php h sn xut ra nhng hnh nh nhn hiu c in tc tng t nh c ch in n. t c tc ny, hu nh tt c cc my in nhn m vch nhit s dng ngn ng m t c bit ni b cho php nhn c t ra vo trong b nh ca my in m vch trc khi in n. Mi nh sn xut c ngn ng ring ca h v mt s rt phc tp v kh khn lm vic. V d in m vchtrn nhn, my tnh iu khin s gi mt lot cc m s my in, yu cu mt loi m vch c bit v ch nh kch thc v v tr ca n trn

nhn, cng vi cc d liu c in nh mt m vch. Cc my in sau s s dng cc thut ton c xc nh trc xy dng m vch, gi rt nghim ngt cc ngh quyt cho php u in, to ra cc m vch tt nht c th vo loi hnh c th ca my in. M vch c nhng quy nh rt nghim ngt in chnh xc, m bo d c trong mt lot cc tnh hung. - Nhn Nhn c hai loi chnh: nhit (i khi c gi l trc tip nhit) v chuyn nhit. Mt lot cc vt liu c bit v cc cht kt dnh c sn ph hp vi hu ht cc ng dng. bao gm ng bng nhn bao b giy trng, a nh gi bn, v hin nhin nhn hiu gi mo. - Bng nhit bng nhit c ba loi chnh - sp, sp hoc nha nha nguyn cht v gn nh lun lun mu en (mu sc khc i khi c s dng l mu v mu xanh ). Nhng loi khc nhau c thc hin in ln vt liu nhn hiu khc nhau v c s dng khi cuc sng ca nhn cn c di hay cc nhn nhu cu tn ti mi trng khc nghit. Ribbons Wax c cho in vo nhn giy, ni m i sng ca nhn c th c nm nhng phi c gi kh v khng c mi mn hoc nhng cht ha hc nht nh hoc du, trong s gii th cc hnh nh sp. Ribbons Wax/Resin sn xut ra mt hnh nh tt hn trn giy rt mn hoc nhn giy trng. Nhng hnh nh in c nhiu bn hn so vi sp, nhng c th vn ch ng lin h nh vi nc. Cui cng bng nha nguyn cht c xy dng in ln nhn nha nh polypropylene, polyester v nha vinyl. Cc "mc" c thit k hi ha tan vo, tun th cc b mt nha ca nhn v tr nn rt bn, ty thuc vo cht liu nha v bng lm cho s dng. Hu ht cc nh sn xut my in cung cp s kt hp bng / nhn hiu c bit n lm vic tt vi nhau, trong c bit quan trng nh mt s t hp sn xut khng c hnh nh no c. nhn nha vi bng nha s tn ti bn ngoi nh sng mt tri y , c th ng ngm trong nc v c th khng vi ha cht v du ph thuc vo loi. Thng c s dng trong t v my bay sn xut cc b phn, bt k mc no c lu tr bn ngoi v cn thit cho

vic ghi nhn ha cht nguy him m phi cn nhn dng, v d, sau khi b ngp trong nc bin trong thi gian di. Mu sc my in nhit Cng ngh in nhit c th c s dng to ra hnh nh mu bng cch tun th mt mc da trn sp ln giy. Trong qu trnh in giy v ribbon trong unison bn di cc u in nhit, mc sp da trn t chuyn bng tan chy ln giy. Khi ngui i, sp kt dnh trn bn giy. y l loi my in nhit s dng mt bng iu khin ging nh kch thc ca ribbon cho mi trang c in, bt k ni dung ca trang. My in m vch n sc c mt bng iu khin mu en cho mi trang c in, trong khi my in mu c c ba (CMY) hoc bn (CMYK) bng mu cho mi trang. Khng ging nh my in nhum thng hoa , cc my in m vch khng th thay i du chm cng , c ngha l hnh nh phi c dithered. Mc d c chp nhn v cht lng, cc bn in t my in ny khng th so snh vi hin i, my in phun v mu sc my in laser . Hin nay, loi my in him khi c s dng in n y trang, v hin ang c s dng in nhn cng nghip do waterfastness v tc ca n. Cc my in ny c coi l tin cy cao do s lng nh ca cc b phn chuyn ng. Bn in t my in mu nhit rt nhy cm vi mi mn, nh mc sp c th c co, c xt tt, hoc vy bn. VN HNH

hiu tm quan trng ca hp mc, c l chng ta nn tm hiu s lc cch vn hnh ca mt my in laser. Qui trnh in ca mt my laser bt u t b ngun pht l diode laser. Chm tia laser pht ra c hng xuyn qua mt h thng cc thu knh hi t v gng sau cng p vo mt trng in. Vng trn trng tip nhn tia laser s tr thnh mt nh in. Tia laser s lin tc pht, ri tt khi n qut trn mt trng. Tn s chp tt ny ca tia laser c gi tn l chm trn inch (dots per inch- dpi), cng chnh l

thng s quyt nh phn gii cho trang in ( dpi cng cao, cht lng trang in cng p). Qui trnh in c chia ra lm 6 bc : Lm sch: L cng on lm sch trng in tip nhn nh, do hai li dao, mt co sch cc mc tha cn dnh trn trng, li th hai thu cc mc tha ny vo ngn cha. Khi cc b phn ny b hao mn , h hng do s dng, th trang in bt u pht sinh trc trc : cc sc dc trang in, lem, bng ma, trang in b ht tiu li ti. Tch in: sau khi trng c c lm sch, n s c tch in nhn nh t tia laser. Mt rul tch in s cp (PCR) s t st vo trng, ion-ho khng kh, to iu kin cho ngun in m, mt chiu, tch ln trng. Nu in tch m ny khng ng nht, khng in p, th mc in s b ht n nhng ni khng mong mun, hoc khng n c nhng ni mong mun. Chp: Trong cng on chp, tia laser s lm phng thch in tch m, mt chiu trn trng, to ra mt nh n. Chnh nh n c in p thp ny ( -130V) s to lc ht mc in. Ra nh: nh n ny s c ra thnh mt nh c th nhn thy. Mc in c ht v rul ra nh hoc bng nam chm trong, ( cng ngh ca Canon, HP) hay bng phng tnh in ( cng ngh Lexmark). Chuyn nh ln giy: n y nh trn trng in c chuyn sang trang giy khi n p ln trng. Giy c p mt in tch dng t pha sau lng, s ht mc t trng sang. Nu in tch yu bn in s m nht, ng thi to ra nhiu mc tha. nh hnh: Cn gi l nung chy l giai on lm mc bm cht vnh vin vo giy bng nhit Mt roul nhit to nhit n 180oC lm nung chy cc ht mc n bm cht vo giy. Tm hiu v h mu CMYK

T CMYK (hay i khi l YMCK) l t vit tt trong ting Anh ch m hnh mu loi tr s dng trong in n mu. M hnh mu ny da trn c s trn cc cht mu ca cc mu sau T CMYK (hay i khi l YMCK) l t vit tt trong ting Anh ch m hnh mu loi tr s dng trong in n mu. M hnh mu ny da trn c s trn cc cht mu ca cc mu sau: * C=Cyan trong ting Anh c ngha l mu xanh l * M=Magenta trong ting Anh c ngha l mu hng sm * Y=Yellow trong ting Anh c ngha l mu vng * K=Key (trong ting Anh nn hiu theo ngha l ci g then cht hay ch yu m ch mu en mc d mu ny c tn ting Anh l black do ch B c s dng ch mu xanh lam (blue) trong m hnh mu RGB to cc mu khc.

Hn hp ca cc mu CMY l tng l loi tr (cc mu ny khi in cng mt ch trn nn trng s to ra mu en). Nguyn l lm vic ca CMYK l trn c s hp th nh sng. Mu m ngi ta nhn thy l t phn ca nh sng khng b hp th. Trong CMYK hng sm cng vi vng s cho mu , hng sm cng vi xanh l cho mu xanh lam, xanh l cng vi vng sinh ra mu xanh l cy v t hp ca cc mu xanh l, hng sm v vng to ra mu en.

V mu 'en' sinh ra bi vic trn cc mu gc loi tr l khng thc s ging nh mc en tht s hay mu en ca vt en tuyt i (l vt hp th ton b nh sng), vic in n trn c s bn mu (i khi gi l in cc mu mc d iu ny khng chnh xc) phi s dng mc en b sung thm vo vi cc mu gc loi tr l cc mu vng, hng sm v xanh l.

Vic s dng cng ngh in n bn mu sinh ra kt qu in n cui cng rt cao cp vi tng phn cao hn. Tuy nhin mu ca vt th m ngi ta nhn thy trn mn hnh my tnh thng thng c s sai khc cht t vi mu ca n khi in ra v cc m hnh mu CMYK v RGB (s dng trong mn hnh my tnh) c cc gam mu khc nhau. M hnh mu RGB l m hnh da trn c s pht x nh sng (mu b sung) trong khi m hnh CMYK lm vic theo c ch hp th nh sng (mu loi tr).

Chuyn i

Vic chuyn i d liu mu t nh dng RGB sang nh dng CMYK l cng vic cn thit thit b in n c th to ra bn in c cht lng chp nhn c. C iu ny v vic chuyn i nh vy rt c nhiu kh nng nh mt d liu v mu sc ca mt s im nh no do cc mu ny nm ngoi gii hn gam mu ca CMYK.

Chuyn i t RGB sang CMYK

chuyn i t RGB sang CMYK, cc gi tr trung gian CMY c s dng. Cc gi tr nh lng ca mu c biu din nh l vect, vi mi thnh phn mu nm trong on t 0 (khng c mu) ti 100 (bo ha mu) vi cc gi tr l s nguyn khng m trong h CMYK - do h ny c th coi v thc cht l bo ha ca mu tnh theo thang phn trm, v t 0 n 255 i vi h CMY v RGB:

tCMYK = {C, M, Y, K} l bn phn t CMYK trong on \left[0,100\right]4, tCMY = {C', M', Y'} l ba phn t CMY trong on \left[0,255\right]3, tRGB = {R, G, B} l ba phn t RGB trong on \left[0,255\right]3.

Chuyn RGB thnh CMYK

Chuyn i RGB thnh CMY, sau chuyn CMY thnh CMYK: Chuyn: tRGB = {R,G,B} chuyn i thnh CMY: tCMY = {C',M',Y'} = {(255 R), (255 G), (255 B)} Vic chn la h s K l vn tng i phc tp, n hon ton ph thuc vo quyt nh ca nh sn xut ra thit b in n. Cc gi tr ca K b cc nh sn xut gi kn nh l mt b quyt cng ngh. Trong a s trng hp, h s K s cho l bng 0 khi bo ha ca mu en thp hn t 50% n 75% do ngi ta cho rng di mc hp l (hon ton ch quan) th khng cn phi in bng mc en. V l thuyt ngi ta tm chp nhn K = min {C'/2,55, M'/2,55, Y'/2,55}. (0 <= K <=100) v sau chuyn thnh CMYK: Nu K = 100 th C = 0, M = 0, Y = 0 (ton b l mu en). Nu 100 > K > 0 th: C = (C'/2.55 - K) * 100 /(100 - K), M = (M'/2.55 - K) * 100 /(100 - K), Y = (Y'/2.55 - K) *100 /(100 - K) v K = K trong cc gi tr C, M, Y, K c lm trn n phn nguyn.

y l t l ca bn loi mc mu cn phi in trn cng mt v tr to ra mu cn thit.

Sa mu

Vic sa mu l cn thit v cc d liu v mu c th chuyn ti thit b in n trong cc nh dng khc nhau nh RGB hay CMYK. V cc thit b in n in t hin nay l thit b h tr CMYK, nn mi d liu mu sc chuyn ti thit b in phi c chuyn i sang nh dng CMYK chng c th s dng c bi cc thit b in n a ra bn in chp nhn c. V d phn ln cc ng dng thng mi ni chung c nh dng mu theo h RGB, nhng cc ng dng ha nh CorelDraw, Adobe PhotoShop, Adobe Illustrator v.v ni chung nh dng mu sc theo cc gi tr CMYK, tuy c h tr ch mu RGB. V th cc ch sa cha mu khc nhau c th c s dng ph thuc vo ngun d liu cng nh cht lng bn in d kin.

C mt s thit lp sa mu, to ra mt s mm do trong vic chn la dng sa cha mu c s dng in mt s d liu no . C th l: t ng, chi, tt, CMYK, hin th, en trng v phc tho 2 mu.

My tnh iu khin nh th no? My tnh iu khin thit b khc thng qua cng giao tip nh: Com, LPT, USB, PCI...Cc cng ny iu c trn hu ht tt c cc thit b. Cng RS232 l g? Cng ny c trn my tnh i c vi tn gi l COM. Cc my i mi thng khng c

hoc ch c 1 cng ny thi. My i c thng t 1 n 4 cng. Chun RS-232 (RS = Recommended Standard) khi mi ch l chun khng chnh thc c nhiu cng ty my tnh v thit b o lng chp nhn. Sau y, Hip hi Cc nh cng nghip in t (EIA: The Electronic Industries Association) xy dng thnh mt tiu chun chnh thc vo nm 1962. ng tic l tiu chun ny ch cho php s dng ng truyn ngn vi tc bit thp, th d nh tc bit l 19600 bps (bits per second) v khong cch cc i l 20 mt. Cc tiu chun truyn thng ni tip ra i sau nh RS-422, RS-449 v RS-485 cho php truyn trn ng cp rt di vi tc bit cao. Chng hn RS-422 cho php truyn vi tc ln n 10 Mbps v khong cch hn 1000 mt, ng thi c th s dng cp xon 2 si, cp ng trc v cp quang. C hai phin bn RS-232 c lu hnh trong thi gian tng i di l RS-232B v RS232C. Cho n nay, RS-232B l phin bn c, nay t c s dng. Cn RS-232 C hin vn cn tn ti v thng c gi ngn gn l chun RS-232 (nhng y khng phi l phin bn ban u nm 1962). mt s nc Ty u, ngi ta cn gi chun ghp ni RS-232 l chun V24. EIA cng b tiu chun RS-232C vi n lc nhm to ra kh nng ghp ni cc thit b do nhiu nh sn xut lm ra m khng i hi c mt tiu chun c bit cho tng trng hp. Ngy nay, hu ht cc my tnh u c trang b mt hay vi cng ni tip RS-232, c th l lai 9 chn hoc 25 chn ty i my v ty mainboard h tr. Vic thit k giao tip vi cng RS-232 cng tng i d dng, c bit khi chn ch hot ng l khng ng b v dc truyn d liu thp. Cc mch in tch hp c b pht v b nhn RS-232 c cc nh sn xut khc nhau thit k v ch to rt thnh cng, v d nh Motorola, National Semiconductor Cc chip b pht RS-232 tip nhn mc in p TTL li vo v bin i chng thnh cc mc dnh ring cho RS-232 truyn. Cc chip b nhn th lm vic ngc li: tip nhn tn hiu li vo theo chun RS-232 v bin i sang cc mc TTL tng ng. Cc b phn ny u nm trn bn mch chnh hoc trn mt card vo / ra. Tiu chun RS-232 u tin ngay t khi ra I mang v li thi ca cc chun TTL.

L do l chun RS-232 vn s dng cc mc in p tng thch TTL m t cc mc logic 0 v 1, ging nh trng hp cng my in (cng song song). Ngoi mc in p, tiu chun cng c nh cc gi tr tr khng ti c u vo bus ca b nhn v cc tr khng ra ca b pht. Cc mc in p ca hai tiu chun RS-232 ci tin l RS-232B v RS-232C c m t trong bng sau: Chun Mc logic 0 Mc logic 1 RS-232B +5V ~ +25V -25V ~ -5V RS-232C +3V ~ +12V -12V ~ -3V Ngoi c trng v mc in p ng truyn, chun RS-232C cn c cc c trng khc nh sau: - Tr khng ti v pha b nhn ca mch phi nm trong khong t 3000 ohm n 7000 okm. - Tc truyn / nhn d liu cc i l 100 kbps. - Cc li vo ca b nhn phi c in dung nh hn 2500 pF. - di ca cp ni gia my tnh v thit b ghp ni qua cng ni tip khng th vt qu 15 m nu khng s dng modem. - Cc gi tr tc Baud chun l: 50, 75, 110, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 28800, 38400, 56000, 115200 Tng quan cng USB USB (Universal Serial Bus) l mt chun kt ni tun t trong my tnh. USB s dng kt ni cc thit b ngoi vi vi my tnh, chng thng c thit k di dng cc u cm cho cc thit b tun theo chun cm-l-chy (plug-and-play) m vi tnh nng gn nng (hot swapping) thit b (cm v ngt cc thit b khng cn phi khi ng li h thng). S 4 ng trong USB mt dy dn kt ni USB; trong : 1, 4 l ng ngun 5Vdc; 2, 3 l ng tn hiu; Chun A cm vo my tnh, chun B cm vo thit b ngoi vi

Khi mt my tnh c cp ngun, n truy vn tt c thit b c kt ni vo ng truyn v gn mi thit b mt a ch. Quy trnh ny c gi l lit k nhng thit b c lit k khi kt ni vo ng truyn. My tnh cng tm ra t mi thit b cch truyn d liu no m n cn hot ng: Ngt - Mt thit b nh chut hoc bn phm, gi mt lng nh d liu, s chn ch ngt. Hng lot - Mt thit b nh mt chic my in, nhn d liu trong mt gi ln, s dng ch truyn hng lot. Mt khi d liu c gi n my in (mt khi 64 byte) v c kim tra chc chn n chnh xc. ng thi - Mt thit b truyn d liu theo chui (ly v d nh loa) s dng ch ng thi. Nhng dng d liu gia thit b v my trong thi gian thc, v khng c s sa li y. My tnh c th gi lnh hay truy vn tham s vi iu khin nhng gi tin. Khi nhng thit b c lit k, my tnh s gi s kim tra i vi tng bng thng m tt c nhng thit b ng thi v ngt yu cu. Chng c th tiu hao ti 90 phn trm ca 480 Mbps bng thng cho php. Sau khi 90 phn trm c s dng, my tnh s t chi mi truy cp ca nhng thit b ng thi v ngt khc. iu khin gi tin v gi tin cho truyn ti hng lot s dng mi bng thng cn li (t nht 10 phn trm). USB chia bng thng cho php thnh nhng khung, v my tnh iu khin nhng khung . Khung cha 1.500 byte, v mt khung mi bt u mi mili giy. Thng qua mt khung, nhng thit b ng thi v ngt ly c mt v tr do chng c m bo bng thng m chng cn. Truyn ti hng lot v iu khin truyn ti s dng phn cn li.

Nhng c trng ca USB USB c nhng c trng sau y: M rng ti 127 thit b c th kt ni cng vo mt my tnh trn mt cng USB duy nht (bao gm cc hub USB) Nhng si cp USB ring l c th di ti 5 mt; vi nhng hub, c th ko di ti 30 mt (6 si cp ni tip nhau thng qua cc hub) tnh t u cm trn my tnh. Vi USB 2.0 (tc cao), ng truyn t tc ti a n 480 Mbps. Cp USB gm hai si ngun (+5V v dy chung GND) cng mt cp gm hai si dy xon mang d liu. Trn si ngun, my tnh c th cp ngun ln ti 500mA in p 5V mt chiu (DC). Nhng thit b tiu th cng sut thp (v d: chut, bn phm, loa my tnh cng sut thp...) c cung cp in nng cho hot ng trc tip t cc cng USB m khng cn c s cung cp ngun ring (thm tr cc thit b gii tr s nh SmartPhone, PocketPC ngy nay s dng cc cng USB xc pin). Vi cc thit b cn s dng ngun cng sut ln (nh my in, my qut...) khng s dng ngun in t ng truyn USB nh ngun chnh ca chng, lc ny ng truyn ngun ch c tc dng nh mt s so snh mc in th ca tn hiu. Hub c th c ngun cp in ring cp in thm cho cc thit b s dng giao tip USB cm vo n bi mi cng USB ch cung cp mt cng sut nht nh. Nhng thit b USB c c tnh cm nng, iu ny c ngha cc thit b c th c kt ni (cm vo) hoc ngt kt ni (rt ra) trong mi thi im m ngi s dng cn m khng cn phi khi ng li h thng.

Nhiu thit b USB c th c chuyn v trng thi tm ngng hot ng khi my tnh chuyn sang ch tit kim in. Cng PCI Thut ng Fieldbus bao hm nhiu giao thc mng cng nghip khc nhau. Hai giao thc ph bin nht l DeviceNet v Profibus. Cc giao thc Fieldbus chnh c pht trin bi cc nh sn xut PLC nh Siemens, Allen-Bradley...; tuy vy, khng c chun Fieldbus no thc s thng tr. Cc mng Fieldbus c hiu nng khc nhau, tc d liu ni chung t 500 Kbps ti 12 Mbps. Mt PLC thng ng vai tr thit b ch (master) ca Fieldbus, giao tip vi cc thit b t (follower) phn tn nh cc vo/ra hay h iu khin chuyn ng cng nghip. Mt iu khin chuyn ng in hnh gi vai tr mt thit b t c lp hoc ni bus trong mng Fieldbus.

Kin trc PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect - Kt ni cc thnh phn ngoi vi) hin ti l chun cng nghip cho cc my tnh PC. y l cng ngh mi nht trong mt lot cc kin trc bus cho tc cao v thng lng ln. PCI c thit k cho php ti ni cc khi d liu ln ca cc ng dng i hi bng thng cao hin nay nh cc thit b video v m thanh. PCI vt hn hn cc kin trc bus nh ISA, EISA, VESA do n lm cc thit b ngoi vi gn vi CPU hn, loi b thi gian tr x l. PCI l mt giao din song song, phin bn ph bin nht ngy nay c 32 ng d liu c kh nng t tc 133 triu byte/s (13 MBps). Hu ht cc chipset PCI mi nht c ti 64 ng d liu v cho tc 266 MBps. PCI-X, th h mi ca PCI, cn c tc ln ti 1 GBps. Gii php iu khin PCI a ra di dng mt card bus cm vo khe m rng ca PC. Do tc truyn d liu ca PCI cao gp 20 ln so vi Ethernet v Fieldbus, nn c cm tng nh PCI hin nhin l la chn tt nht cho h iu khin. Thc s c cn phi nhanh n th? Ti sao? Tc , d rt quan trng, nhng ch l mt trong nhiu tiu ch phi cn nhc khi quyt nh cu trc iu khin cho hp l. Cc kha cnh quan trng khc l tnh mm do, khng gian chim ch, tnh tng thch vi PLC, cc vn v lp

t, bo tr v tui th. Sau y, chng ta cng so snh Ethernet, Fieldbus v PCI di nhng gc ny. PCI chc chn ginh thng li v mt tc truyn d liu, nhng iu quan trng li l pht huy tc nh th no. Hu nh mt ng dng iu khin chuyn ng khng th dng ht bng thng ca bus PCI. Thng th my tnh dng bus PCI chung cho nhiu thit b khc nh card Ethernet, card m thanh, hoc video. Thc t, mt trong nhng l do chnh dn ti vc nng cp PC t 32 bit ln 64 bit l lm vic c vi Fast Ethernet. Thm ch nu chim c ton b bng thng PCI th cc b iu khin chuyn ng da trn PC cng khng nhanh gi v nhn cc khi d liu ln vi tc PCI cho php. Ni cch khc, ch kh y khng phi l giao thc truyn d liu m chnh l thit b gi v nhn d liu. Mt vn khc lin quan ti tc l liu cc ng dng iu khin chuyn ng c cn bng thng bus PCI ? Nu nhn vo loi thng tin mt iu khin chuyn ng gi v nhn (th d v tr, vn tc, gia tc hay thng bo li) th khi lng d liu thc s truyn i mi chu k kh nh, ch c 512 byte. Vi mt iu khin chuyn ng Ethernet, s 512 byte ny ch chim 4% ton b bng thng 10 Mbps. Cc ng dng iu khin chuyn ng ngy nay c thc hin bng nhiu loi iu khin: c lp, ni bus, hoc ni mng, ty loi ng dng. Nhng c iu khng may l gii php PCI ch h tr mt loi, l: ni bus. Trong cc ng dng m iu khin chuyn ng phi thc hin cc chc nng c lp ca mt PC hay trong cc tnh hung m khng c iu khin PC trn my, th gii php da trn PC l bt kh thi. Trong khi , cc iu khin Ethernet v Fieldbus li c th hot ng c lp.

Khi ni mng, gii php PCI khng th cho php truy cp t xa. Vic trin khai mt lnh

chuyn ng trn mng nh my i hi phi c mt iu khin v mt card mng, do hu ht mng nh my u l Ethernet.

My o mu Bao b

Cn chnh my: ti menu chnh, bm xung Calibration, nhn Enter. h my xung im trng tham chiu ( nh sx my o c km theo my) ch my hin ln completed . nhn exit quay v menu chnh. o mu : chn chc nng Color, tin hnh o cc mu th. kt qu cho c l L,a,b t ta c th xc nh trong mu va o c cc thnh phn no. Nngoi ra my cn cho php chng ta so snh sai lch gia 2 mu ( vd: mu mnh pha vi bi mu) nh chc nng o Match ( hay cn gi l o Delta Eab, gip canh chinh pha mu nhanh hn

Cm bin m !
Giao tip serial, n c 2 th tr v nhit 12 bt hoc 14 bt v m 8 bt hoc 12 bt ! Cc thng s c y trong data sheet