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244; Grifths 1953, 145154.
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(aw, awy) (xpS) (. : Blbaum 2006,
8285);
, -, (nsw-bity; cf. Beckerath 1999, 1516; Blbaum 2006,
6263 ) nsw-bity nsw
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, nsw nsww HqA HqAw,
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5
Asheri, Lloyd, Corcella 2007, 314.
6
Obsomer 1989.
7
Sethe 1900, 49; 1904, 4357; Malaise 1966, 244249.
8
. : 1999, 89; 2005, 193195, . 13 ( ).
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1999, 10; 2005, 194.
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10

Garstang 1901, 3233; pl. IVV; Sethe 1928, 8283; . .. :

1980, 3839.
11
2005, 158167.
12
Sethe 1928, 8384; Barta 1974; . .. : Literature 2003, 337338.
13
Janssen 1953 ( ).
14
2005, 171.
15
2005, 173.
6


. 16- III
, : ; ,
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. 610 : Dr-ntt ir gr m-xt pH cchm-ib pw n xrw qnt pw Ad Xst
pw Hm-xt Hm pw mAa rwd Hr tAS.f Dr-ntt cDm nAHc r xr n r in wSb.f dd Hm.f Adt r.f dd.f cA.f
Hm wA.f r Ad). ,
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Hm (cf. Wb. III. 79).
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16

2005, 171172.
Hm pw mAa rwd Hr tAS.f . 1011 (Literature 2003, 338: One who is
driven from his border is a real coward) = . 8 (Janssen 1953, 54: Really
unvirile is he who is debarred from his frontier).
. (Blasius 2003, 331), , , (Hmty, Hm) (Wb. III.
80. 8, 80. 7) (
. 8, , ,
17

). , ,
.

GG(SL) N41 - D52 ( ).
:
[] , (. 15: n km.n mSa Tsw.f m Hmty;
2000, 2731; . .-.

: Grimal 1981, 33, comm. 75 (Hmty, poltroon, plutt qu eunuque

le mot tant une denomination pjorative rapprocher de Hmt (mignon (?)).

(. ..) (. ) (. 157158: ir.k
kA m Hmt): , , ( ,
, ,
: 2000, 2731; 2005, 146), Hmt
, .
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IV. 697. 35: DAt PXr-wr n NhrynA in Hm.f r-HAt mSa.f r iAbty mw pn cmn.n.f ky r-gc wD n
it.f ncw-bity aA-xpr-kA-Ra; . III
-: Urk.II. 1232. 11;
III 4-
: Urk. IV. 1246. 2, 620).
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( 2- ,
.. XVI . ..21)
18

Helck 1975; Meyer 1986, 536; Gundlach 2003, 153, Abb. 1; Redford 2003, 222, n. 8
( ).
19
,
1- III = 1490 . .. (, 2001, 216
217 (. 9), 220, 222223).
20
Helck 1975, 897, Anm. 9; Redford 2003, 107, 155.
21
XVIII ( II ) . .
, I . 1508 1501 . .. 1015
(Beckerath 1997, 121); ,
(1- III = 1479 . ..; .
), 11 .
, , I (14931483 . ..) II (14821480 . ..; Ancient Egyptian Chronology 2006,
8

 . :
(.. . ..),
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; , ,
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xdd m xnty). ,
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XVI . .. , 24). ,
(, ,
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199201, 492),
II ( 10 3 ,
1015- 13-, . : Beckerath 1997, 120121; .
- 9- II 1540-1530-
.., .. : , 2001, 223).
22
Helck 1977; . . , , : Vandersleyen
1998, 1725.
23
. , : Redford 2003, 185194.
.. , .
24
2001, 130131.
9

 II , , , 25:
.
,
, ,
: I,
, ,
,
, ,
(Manetho / Ed.
W.G. Waddell, frg. 42 = Ios. C. Ap. I. 14. 8690).
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I, III , , IV, 26. ,

III 27;
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IV ,
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: , ,
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, XVIII

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25

. .. : Der Manuelian 1987; Spalinger 1982;

, 1991, 1416; 1992.
26
2001, 132135.
27
1935, 258, 267; Redford 1986, 245 (); 1997, 25.
28
1988, 242; . 1999, 157158.
29
2009, 168 ( .. ).
10


;
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;
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, (Herod. II. 103; Iord. Get. 6; . Iust. II. 2.
1) (Diod. I. 55. 4; . II. 43. 46),
,
30.


. , III, I , , ,
. ,
,

. I ,

(Urk. IV. 85. 78: in.n[.f] Drw tA Hr nbd.f xnd[.n.f] pHwy.fy m xpS.f nxt);
(tA), , , 30

1999, 17, 2229; 2005, 203, 208214.

11

 (Wb. V. 212. 6 .), , ,

tA, par
excellence, xAcwt31.
,
, I:
,
(. ).
III,
(Urk. IV. 648. 6: SAa-m YrDA nfryt-ir pHw-tA),
, , , , 32.
,
33:
, .. ,
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( , 34), , , .
, , ,
,
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, .

, .. ,
35 ,
;
I . ..36 , 31

2005, 1819; 137 ( .. , , rmT ,

,
, ,
).
32
, (Redford 2003, 1213),

.
33
Gardiner 1932, 19; 1979, 7883, 236241.
34
Helck 1987, 218222; Loprieno 2003, 44.
35
2005, 133 .
36

( 2002, 6680). , ,
; ,
, VIII
VII . .. ,
12

, , ,

(Herod. II. 110), , ,
37.

.., .. 1991: // . 3, 327.

.. 1992: XVIII .
. ... .
.. 2000: jtj mj jgp n mw
// --: . ,
2031.
.. 2005: : . .
.. 1999: // . 4,
436.
.. 2005: :
VIIIVII . .. : , (Pontus
septentrionalis, 3). .
1988: :
. . 2: , . .
.. 2009: (Manetho, ed. W.G. Waddell, frg. 54, Chaeremon,
FGrHist. 618. F. 1) // 20072008: .. . 75- : ( , 45). ., 164180.
.., .. 2001: . : Beckerath J. von. Chronologie der pharaonischen
gypten. Mainz, 1997 // . 2, 216227.
.. 1999: XVXIV . .. () // . 1, 146162.
.. 2001: : // :
. ., 100138.
1979: / . . .. . .
.. 1935: . . 1. ..
.. 2002: 2. .
1980: / .. , .. , .. (.). . 1. .
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Voraussetzungen Verwircklichungen Vermchtnis. Akten der 3. Symposiums zur gyptischen

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14

THE ARROWS OF SESOSTRIS: A TOPOS OF ANCIENT

HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE REALITY OF ANCIENT EGYPT
I. A. Ladynin
The article deals with the famous topos of the classical historiography about the stelae erected
by the legendary Egyptian king-conqueror Sesostris wherever he waged war. The stelae bore an
inscribed account of the war if the people subdued in it had been valiant; female genitalia were
added to the account if the foe had shown cowardice. The earliest and the lengthiest evidence of
the fable is Herodotus narration (II. 102). The prevailing opinion that the prototype for Sesostris
was Senwosret III is undoubtedly true; further reasons to connect Herodotus account with the
background of his reign can be found in his Nubian inscription of the year 16 (the Semna Stela
BM 1157, ll. 912 = the Uronarti Stela Khartoum 3, ll. 610), where any unhelpful general
retreating from Nubian foes is described as Hm (Wb. III. 80. 7; actually, an obscenity written with
the hieroglyphic sign GG(SL) N41 that symbolized exactly female genitalia and is likely to be
translated as effeminate, unvirile; note the root Hm to retreat cf. Wb. III. 79, similar in
phonetics and writing and also present in the same passage of the inscription). There are reasons
to believe that the Nubian inscriptions of Senwosret III praising his military effort were widely
propagated during his reign, which contributed to shaping his image of the great conqueror (not
quite up to reality, as his effort was certainly greater than the extent of his conquests). Eventually,
Late Egyptian historiography contaminated the reminiscences of all the stages of Egyptian
expansion in the 2nd millennium BC within the story of Senwosret III/Sesostris and probably
attached to it the recollections about the stelae erected at the Euphrates frontier by Thutmosis
I and III. Hence the inclusion in Sesostris story of his vast conquests in Asia, as well as of his
advent to Europe (Thrace and Scythia), probably, as it has been suggested by the students of
the topos, under the inuence of the Persian time, in order to position Sesostris as a much more
successful conqueror than the Achaemenids.

15