Normal Laboratory Values

Following are 5 tables with reference values (intervals) for blood, urine, CSF, stool, and other fluids (eg, gastric acid). Table 6 lists commonly used panels. (NOTE: The reference values provided in these tables should be used as guidelines only.) Reference values vary

APPENDIX II

based on several factors, including the demographics of the healthy population from which specimens were obtained and the specific methods and/or instruments used to assay these specimens. Laboratories that are accredited by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) are required to establish and/or validate their own reference values at least annually. Thus, any given result should be interpreted based on the reference value of the laboratory in which the test was done; the laboratory typically provides these values with the test result.

Table 1. NORMAL LABORATORY VALUES: BLOOD, PLASMA, AND SERUM

TEST SPECIMEN CONVENTIONAL UNITS SI UNITS

Acetoacetate Acetylcholinesterase (ACE), RBC Acid phosphatase Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Albumin Aldosterone: Standing Supine Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) -Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) Aminotransferase, alanine (ALT) Aminotransferase, aspartate (AST) Ammonia Amylase Antibodies to extractable nuclear antigen (AENA) Anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies Antidiuretic hormone (ADH; arginine vasopressin) Antidouble-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies, IgG Antimitochondrial M2 antibodies

Plasma Blood Serum Plasma Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Plasma Serum Serum Serum Plasma Serum Serum

< 1 mg/dL 26.749.2 U/g Hb 0.55.5 U/L 2535 sec 952 pg/mL 3.55.5 g/dL 720 ng/dL 25 ng/dL 3692 U/L 83199 mg/dL 020 ng/dL 1523 g/L 035 U/L 035 U/L 4080 g/dL 0130 U/L < 20.0 units 5.0 units < 1.7 pg/mL < 25 IU < 0.1 units

< 0.1 mmol/L 00.9 kat/L 211 pmol/L 3555 g/L 194554 pmol/L 55138 pmol/L 0.51.5 kat/L 020 pg/L 1.141.75 mol/L 00.58 pkat/L 00.58 pkat/L 2347 mol/L 02.17 kat/L < 1.57 pmol/L

Table continues on the following page.

Table 1. NORMAL LABORATORY VALUES: BLOOD, PLASMA, AND SERUM (Continued )

TEST SPECIMEN CONVENTIONAL UNITS SI UNITS

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (cANCA) Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) Antismooth muscle antibodies (ASMA) titer Antistreptolysin O titer Antithyroid microsomal antibody titer 1-Antitrypsin (AAT) Apolipoproteins: A-I, females A-I, males B-100, females B-100, males Bicarbonate Bilirubin: Direct Total Blood volume: Plasma, females Plasma, males RBCs, females RBCs, males Brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP) Calcitonin, age 16 yr: Females Males Calcium Cancer antigen (CA): CA 125 CA 15-3 Carbon dioxide (CO2) content Carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2) Carboxyhemoglobin Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) Carotene

Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Blood Blood Blood Blood Plasma

Negative 1.0 units 1:80 < 150 units < 1:100 83199 mg/dL 98210 mg/dL 88180 mg/dL 44148 mg/dL 55151 mg/dL 2328 mEq/L 00.3 mg/dL 0.31.2 mg/dL 2843 mL/kg body wt 2544 mL/kg body wt 2030 mL/kg body wt 2535 mL/kg body wt < 100 pg/mL

15.336.6 mol/L 0.982.1 g/L 0.881.8 g/L 0.441.48 g/L 0.551.51 g/L 2328 mmol/L 05.1 mol/L 5.120.5 mol/L 0.0280.043 L/kg body wt 0.0250.044 L/kg body wt 0.020.03 0.0250.035 L/kg body wt

Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Blood Plasma Serum Serum

< 8 pg/mL < 16 pg/mL 910.5 mg/dL < 35 U/mL < 30 U/mL 2328 mEq/L 3545 mm Hg 0.55% < 2 ng/mL 75300 g/L

2.22.6 mmol/L 2328 mmol/L < 2 g/L 1.45.6 mol/L

Table 1. NORMAL LABORATORY VALUES: BLOOD, PLASMA, AND SERUM (Continued )

TEST SPECIMEN CONVENTIONAL UNITS SI UNITS

CD4:CD8 ratio CD4+ T-cell count CD8+ T-cell count Ceruloplasmin Chloride Cholesterol, desirable level: High-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) Total (TC) Coagulation factors: Factor I Factor II Factor IX Factor V Factor VII Factor VIII Factor X Factor XI Factor XII Complement: C3 C4 Total Copper Cortisol: 1 h after cosyntropin

Blood Blood Blood Serum Serum Plasma Plasma Plasma Plasma Plasma Plasma Plasma Plasma Plasma Plasma Plasma Plasma

14 6401175/L 335875/L 2543 mg/dL 98106 mEq/L 40 mg/dL 130 mg/dL 150199 mg/dL 150300 mg/dL 60150% of normal 60150% of normal 60150% of normal 60150% of normal 60150% of normal 60150% of normal 60150% of normal 60150% of normal 55120 mg/dL 2059 mg/dL 3755 U/mL 70155 g/L > 18 g/dL and usually 8 g/dL above baseline 313 g/dL 820 g/dL < 5 g/dL 0.94.3 ng/mL < 0.5 mg/dL

0.641.18 109/L 0.340.88 109/L 250430 mg/L 98106 mmol/L 1.04 mmol/L 3.36 mmol/L 3.885.15 mmol/L 1.53.5 g/L

Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum

0.551.20 g/L 0.200.59 g/L 3755 kU/L 1124.3 mol/L > 498 nmol/L and usually 221 nmol/L above baseline 83359 nmol/L 251552 nmol/L < 138 nmol/L 2971419 pmol/L < 0.005 g/L

At 5 PM At 8 AM After overnight suppression test C-peptide C-reactive protein (CRP)

Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum

Table continues on the following page.

Table 1. NORMAL LABORATORY VALUES: BLOOD, PLASMA, AND SERUM (Continued )

TEST SPECIMEN CONVENTIONAL UNITS SI UNITS

C-reactive protein, highly sensitive (hsCRP) Creatine kinase (CK) Creatinine D-Dimer Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S): Females Males -aminolevulinic acid (ALA) 11-Deoxycortisol (DOC): After metyrapone Basal D-Xylose level 2 h after ingestion of 25 g of D-xylose Epinephrine, supine Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): Females Males Erythropoietin Estradiol, females: Day 110 of menstrual cycle Day 1120 of menstrual cycle Day 2130 of menstrual cycle Estradiol, males Ferritin -Fetoprotein (AFP) Fibrinogen Folate (folic acid): RBC Serum Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), females: Follicular or luteal phase Midcycle peak Postmenopausal Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), adult males Fructosamine Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)

Serum Serum Serum Plasma

< 1.1 mg/L 30170 U/L 0.71.3 mg/dL 300 ng/mL

< 0.0011 g/L 0.52.83 kat/L 61.9115 mol/L 300 g/L

Plasma Plasma Serum Plasma Plasma Serum Plasma

0.63.3 mg/mL 1.35.5 mg/mL 1523 g/L > 7 g/dL < 5 g/dL > 20 mg/dL < 75 ng/L

1.68.9 mol/L 3.514.9 mol/L 1.141.75 mol/L > 203 nmol/L < 145 nmol/L > 1.3 nmol/L < 410 pmol/L

Blood Blood Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Plasma Blood Serum

020 mm/h 015 mm/h 4.018.5 mIU/mL 1427 1454 1940 1030 pg/mL 15200 ng/mL 020 ng/dL 150350 mg/dL 160855 ng/mL 2.520 ng/mL

020 mm/h 020 mm/h 4.018.5 IU/L 50100 pmol/L 50200 pmol/L 70150 pmol/L 37110 pmol/L 15200 g/L 020 pg/L 1.53.5 g/L 3621937 nmol/L 5.745.3 nmol/L

Serum Serum Serum Serum Plasma Serum

520 mU/mL 3050 mU/mL > 35 mU/mL 515 mU/mL 200285 mol/L 878 U/L

520 U/L 3050 U/L > 35 U/L 515 U/L

Table 1. NORMAL LABORATORY VALUES: BLOOD, PLASMA, AND SERUM (Continued )

TEST SPECIMEN CONVENTIONAL UNITS SI UNITS

Gastrin Globulins: 1-Globulins 2-Globulins -Globulins -Globulins 2-Microglobulin Glucose: 2-h postprandial Fasting Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) -Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) Growth hormone: After oral glucose In response to provocative stimuli Haptoglobin Hematocrit: Females Males Hemoglobin: Females Males Hemoglobin A1c Hemoglobin electrophoresis, adults: Hb A1 Hb A2 Hb C Hb F Hb S Hemoglobin electrophoresis, Hb F in children: Neonate 16 mo > 6 mo Homocysteine: Females Males Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), quantitative

Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Plasma Plasma Blood Serum Plasma Plasma Serum Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood

0180 pg/mL 2.53.5 g/dL 0.20.4 g/dL 0.50.9 g/dL 0.61.1 g/dL 0.71.7 g/dL 0.71.8 g/mL < 140 mg/dL 70105 mg/dL 515 U/g Hb 878 U/L < 2 ng/mL > 7 ng/mL 30200 mg/dL 3647% 4151% 1216 g/dL 1417 g/dL 4.78.5% 9598% 23% 0% 0.82.0% 0%

0180 ng/L 2535 g/L 24 g/L 59 g/L 611 g/L 717 g/L < 7.8 mmol/L 3.95.8 mmol/L 0.320.97 mU/ mol Hb < 2 g/L > 7 g/L 3002000 mg/L 120160 g/L 140170 g/L

5080% 8% 12% Plasma Plasma Serum

0.401.89 mg/L 0.542.16 mg/L < 5 mIU/mL

314 umol/L 416 umol/L

Table continues on the following page.

Table 1. NORMAL LABORATORY VALUES: BLOOD, PLASMA, AND SERUM (Continued )

TEST SPECIMEN CONVENTIONAL UNITS SI UNITS

Immunoglobulins: IgA IgD IgE IgG IgG1 IgG2 IgG3 IgG4 IgM Insulin, fasting International normalized ratio (INR): Therapeutic range (standard intensity therapy) Therapeutic range in patients at higher risk (eg, patients with prosthetic heart valves) Therapeutic range in patients with lupus anticoagulant Iron Iron-binding capacity, total (TIBC) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Lactic acid, venous Lactose tolerance test Lead Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) score

Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Plasma Plasma Plasma Serum Serum Serum Blood Plasma Blood Peripheral blood smear Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Blood

70300 mg/dL < 8 mg/dL 0.010.04 mg/dL 6401430 mg/dL 2801020 mg/dL 60790 mg/dL 14240 mg/dL 11330 mg/dL 20140 mg/dL 1.414 IU/mL 2.03.0 2.53.5 3.03.5 60160 g/dL 250460 g/dL 60160 U/L 616 mg/dL > 15 mg/dL increase in plasma glucose level < 40 g/dL 13130/100/ polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte neutrophils and bands < 95 U/L 30 mg/dL 522 mU/mL 30250 mU/mL > 30 mU/mL 315 mU/mL 1.52.4 mg/dL 0.30.9 ng/mL 2832 pg

0.73.0 g/L < 80 mg/L 0.10.4 mg/L 6.414.3 g/L 2.810.2 g/L 0.67.9 g/L 0.142.4 g/L 0.113.3 g/L 0.21.4 g/L 10104 pmol/L 1129 mol/L 4582 mol/L 11.67 kat/L 0.671.8 mmol/L > 0.83 mmol/L increase in plasma glucose level < 1.9 mol/L

Lipase Lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) Luteinizing hormone (LH), females: Follicular or luteal phase Midcycle peak Postmenopausal Luteinizing hormone, males Magnesium Manganese Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

< 1.58 kat/L < 1.1 mol/L 522 U/L 30250 U/L > 30 U/L 315 U/L 0.620.99 mmol/L 5.516.4 nmol/L

Table 1. NORMAL LABORATORY VALUES: BLOOD, PLASMA, AND SERUM (Continued )

TEST SPECIMEN CONVENTIONAL UNITS SI UNITS

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) Metanephrines, fractionated: Metanephrines, free Normetanephrines, free Methemoglobin Methylmalonic acid (MMA) Myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibodies Myoglobin: Females Males Norepinephrine, supine N-Terminal propeptide of BNP (NT-proBNP) 5'-Nucleotidase (5'NT) Osmolality Osmotic fragility test

Blood Blood Plasma Plasma Blood Serum Serum Serum Serum Plasma Plasma Serum Plasma Blood

3236 g/dL 80100 fL < 0.50 nmol/L < 0.90 nmol/L < 1.0% 150370 nmol/L < 6.0 U/mL 2558 g/L 2872 g/L 50440 pg/mL < 125 pg/mL 411.5 U/L 275295 mOsm/kg H2O Increased fragility if hemolysis occurs in > 0.5% NaCl Decreased fragility if hemolysis is incomplete in 0.3% NaCl 80100 mm Hg 1065 pg/mL < 2.0 pmol/L 2535 sec 7.387.44 3.04.5 mg/dL 150350 103/L 812 days 1.0 g/dL 3.55 mEq/L 1845 mg/dL < 1 ng/mL 330 ng/mL

320360 g/L 1.43.5 nmol/L 1.64.1 nmol/L 0.32.6 nmol/L 275295 mmol/ kg H2O

Oxygen partial pressure (PO2) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Parathyroid hormonerelated peptide (PTHrP) Partial thromboplastin time, activated (aPTT) pH Phosphorus, inorganic Platelet count Platelet life span, using chromium-51 (51Cr) Porphyrins Potassium Prealbumin (transthyretin) Progesterone: Follicular phase Luteal phase

Blood Serum Plasma Plasma Blood Serum Blood Plasma Serum Serum Serum Serum

1065 ng/L 0.971.45 mmol/L 150350 109/L 3.55 mmol/L < 0.03 nmol/L 0.10.95 nmol/L

Table 1. NORMAL LABORATORY VALUES: BLOOD, PLASMA, AND SERUM (Continued )

TEST SPECIMEN CONVENTIONAL UNITS SI UNITS

Prolactin: Females Males Prostate-specific antigen, total (PSA-T) Prostate-specific antigen, ratio of free to total (PSA-F:PSA-T) Protein C activity Protein C resistance, activated ratio (APC-R) Protein S activity Protein, total Prothrombin time (PT) Pyruvate

Serum Serum Serum Serum Plasma Plasma Plasma Serum Plasma Blood Blood Blood

< 20 g/L < 15 g/L 04 ng/mL > 0.25 67131% 2.22.6 82144% 67.8 g/dL 1113 sec 0.080.16 mmol/L 4.25.9 106 cells/L T1/2 = 28 days 2.924 ng/mL/h 0.6 (or lower)4.3 ng/mL/h 0.51.5% 2390 103/L < 40 U/mL 136145 mEq/L 2075 ng/dL 3001200 ng/dL 18.524 sec 530% of administered dose at 24 h 0.55.0 IU/mL 0.92.4 ng/dL 411 g/dL 512 g/dL 212360 mg/dL 2050% < 250 mg/dL

< 870 pmol/L < 652 pmol/L 6078 g/L 4.25.9 1012 cells/L

RBC count

RBC survival rate, using 51Cr Renin activity, plasma (PRA), upright, in males and females 1839 yr: Sodium-depleted Sodium-repleted Reticulocyte count: Percentage Absolute Rheumatoid factor (RF) Sodium Testosterone, adults: Females Males Thrombin time Thyroid iodine-123 (123I) uptake Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Thyroxine (T4): Free Free index Total Transferrin Transferrin saturation Triglycerides (desirable level)

Plasma Plasma

Blood Blood Serum Serum Serum Serum Plasma Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum

2390 109/L < 40 kU/L 136145 mmol/L 0.72.6 nmol/L 1042 nmol/L 0.55.0 mIU/L 1231 pmol/L 64155 nmol/L 2.13.6 g/L < 2.82 mmol/L

Table continues on the following page.

Table 1. NORMAL LABORATORY VALUES: BLOOD, PLASMA, AND SERUM (Continued )

TEST SPECIMEN CONVENTIONAL UNITS SI UNITS

Triiodothyronine (T3): Uptake Total Troponin I Troponin T Urea nitrogen (BUN) Uric acid Vitamin B12 Vitamin C (ascorbic acid): Leukocyte Total Vitamin D: 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol WBC count (see pp. 948 and 952) Zinc
kat = microkatal; pkat = picokatal.

Serum Serum Plasma Serum Serum Serum Serum Blood Blood Serum Serum Blood Serum

2535% 70195 ng/dL < 0.1 ng/mL 0.03 ng/mL 820 mg/dL 2.58 mg/dL 200800 pg/mL < 20 mg/dL 0.41.5 mg/dL 2565 pg/mL 1580 ng/mL 3.910.7 103 cells/L 66110 g/dL

1.13.0 nmol/L < 0.1 g/L 0.03 g/L 2.97.1 mmol/L 0.150.47 mmol/L 148590 pmol/L < 1136 mol/L 2385 mol/L 65169 pmol/L 37200 nmol/L 3.910.7 109 cells/L 10.116.8 mol/L

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