Thermometers are devices that are used to define and measure temperatures.

All thermometers are based on the principle that some physical property of a system changes as the systems temperature changes.

Some physical properties that change with temperature are;

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The volume of a liquid. The length of a solid. The pressure of a gas at constant volume. The volume of a gas at constant Pressure. The electric resistance of a conductor. The color of an object.

For a given substance and a given temperature range, a temperature scale can be established on the basis of any one of these physical properties.

Celsius temperature scale TC

This scale is defined on the basis of two points; 1The ice point i.e. 0 0C 2The steam point i.e. 100 0C

Fahrenheit scale This scale sets the temperature of the ice point at 32F and the temperature of the steam point at 212F

The relationship between the Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature scales is TF = 9/5TC + 32F

Kelvin scale TK
1/273.16 of the difference between absolute zero and the temperature of the triple point of water T K= TC + 273.16

It is one dimensional expansion. The coefficient of linear expansion is given by = L/ Li T

It is three dimensional expansion. The coefficient of volume expansion is given by

= V / Vi T

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Calculate the change in entropy of 3.00kg of water at 1000C when it is converted into steam at1000C?(Specific latent heat vaporization of water = 2.26 x 106 JKg-1 at 1000C) Calculate the change in entropy of 5.00 kg of water from OOC to 1000C(Specific heat capacity in the range 00C to 1000C is 4.2 x 103 JKg-10C-1)