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Culture is an aggregate of the learned beliefs, attitudes, values, norms and c u s t o m s o f s ociety or group of people, shared by them and

transmitted from generation to generation within that society

Stages of the Family Life Cycle (FLC)


Young and single Engaged couples DINKS (Double Income No Kids) SINKS (Single Income No Kids) Married with children: Babies, Toddlers, Elementary School Age (5-7), Tweens (8-12), Teens (13-17), Older Single parents Empty nester

Sociologists call any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior a reference group. Reference groups are used in order to evaluate and determine the nature of a given individual or other group's characteristics and sociological attributes.
Subculture is defined as being a distinct cultural group that exists as an indefinite segment within a larger more complex society.

Information Search: Seeking Value The information search stage clarifies the options open to the consumer and may involve Scanning ones memory to recall previous experiences with products or Internal brands. search Often sufficient for frequently purchased products.

When past experience or knowledge is insufficient The risk of making a wrong purchase decision is high The cost of gathering information is low.

External search

The primary sources of external information are: 1. Personal sources, such as friends and family. 2. Public sources, including various product-rating organizations such as Consumer Reports. 3. Marketer-dominated sources, such as advertising, company websites, and salespeople

C. Alternative Evaluation: Assessing Value The information search clarifies the problem for the consumer by (1) Suggesting criteria to use for the purchase. (2) Yielding brand names that might meet the criteria. (3) Developing consumer value perception.

A consumer's evaluative criteria represent both

the objective attributes of a brand (such as locate speed on a portable CD player) the subjective factors (such as prestige). These criteria establish a consumer's evoked set o the group of brands that a consumer would consider acceptable from among all the brands in the product class of which he or she is aware

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