Urinary System

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 Filters and removes

liquid waste Maintains balance within the internal environment of body Parts include:
2 KIDNEYS

2 URETERS
BLADDER URETHRA

Kidneys
2 bean shaped organs

Near the middle of the

back, just below the rib cage Each kidney is found in mass of fatty tissue (adipose capsule)

Kidneys
Adjust the amount of salts, water, and other

materials excreted in the urine according to the bodys needs. Monitor and maintain the bodys acid-base and water balances. Remove waste products from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons.

Nephrons
The functional units

of the kidneys Over 1 million per kidney Contains glomerulus

Cluster of capillaries

that filter waste

Renal Tubule
Functions as a filtering

funnel

Ureters
Tubes that connect the kidneys to the

bladder. 2 muscular tubes 8-10 inches long Muscles in the ureter walls tighten and relax to force urine down and away from the kidneys Urine is passed from the ureters to the bladder about every 15 seconds

Bladder
Hollow muscular organ that acts as a reservoir for urine Located in pelvic cavity Held in place by ligaments Urge to void occurs when bladder contains 1 cup FUNCTIONS: Receives urine from Sphincter muscles close ureters tightly around the urethra Stores urine until until bladder is ready to be eliminated from body emptied

Urethra
Tube that leads from the

bladder to the outside of the body.

Different in male/females
Females shorter
Opens in front of vagina or

passes through the penis Male: carries both urine from urinary system and semen from the reproductive system

Urine
Liquid waste
95% water 1 - 2 quarts produced

daily Consists of water and body wastes that contain nitrogen

excess urination Key Terms Oliguria: below normal urination Anuria: absence of urination Hematuria: blood in urine Nocturia: urination at night Dysuria: painful urination Retention: inability to empty bladder Incontinence: involuntary urination

Polyuria:

 Inflammation of the bladder More common in females due to shortness of urethra

Symptoms: Burning during urination Increased frequency of urination Fever Blood in urine Treatment: Antibiotics and increased fluid intake

Urethritis
Inflammation of the urethra
Caused by bacteria, viruses or chemicals

Symptoms:
Burning during urination Increased frequency of urination Fever Blood in urine

Treatment:

antibiotics and increased fluid intake

Nephritis
Inflammation of the nephrons.

Symptoms: Fever Tissue Swelling Changes in Urine Production

Kidney Stones
Form when salts in the urine crystallize into a solid stone,

usually containing calcium. Small stones can pass through the urinary system naturally. Symptoms:

-Pain in the belly area or side of the back

-Pain in groin area -Abnormal Urine Color -Blood in the urine

-Chills -Fever -Nausea -Vomiting

Treatments: For larger stones: a procedure with high-intensity sound waves are used to break stones apart so they can pass through the urethra.

Uremia
Toxic condition where urinary waste is in bloodstream Decrease in blood filtration by kidneys. Can cause tissue damage.
Symptoms: -Loss of Consciousness -Confusion - Low Urine Production -Dry Mouth -Fatigue -Weakness -Pale Skin -Rapid Heart Rate -Edema -Excessive Thirst Treatment: restrictive diet, dialysis, transplant

Kidney Failure
Kidneys stop functioning Acute
Caused by injury, poisoning, dehydration Prompt treatment leads to good prognosis

Chronic
Progressive loss of kidney function caused by

glomerulonephritis, hypertension, toxins and endocrine disease. Waste accumulates and affects body systems

Treatment for Kidney Failure

Hemodialysis A technique in which an artificial kidney machine removes waste products from the blood. Peritoneal Dialysis Uses the peritoneum, a thin membrane that surrounds the digestive organs, to filter the blood. A catheter is inserted into the abdominal cavity to remove toxins. Kidney Transplant Involves the replacement of a nonfunctional kidney with a healthy kidney from a donor.