PROPOSAL OF THE PATTERN RECOGNITION PRINCIPLE TO COGNITIVE SCIENCE PHYLOSOPHY OF MIND

Gilberto de Paiva
QUESTION:

gilbertodpaiva@gmail.com

IS THERE A SET OF SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS, MECHANISMS, OR FUNCTIONS THAT CAN BE A PRINCIPLE SET TO EXPLAIN THE OVERALL COGNITIVE PHENOMENA or MIND ?

ACTUAL STANDARD ANSWER: GENERIC: THE CONEXIONIST NEURAL MOLDEL AND THE COMPUTATIONAL THEORY OF MIND PROPOSED ANSWER:

SPECIFIC: THE MECHANISM OF

PATTERN RECOGNITION (PR)

A SET OF WELL FOUNDED COGNITIVE FORMALISM

PR IS AN UNDERSTIMATED CONCEPT IN THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF COGNITIVE SCIENCE IT IS OFTEN CITED IN COGNITIVE SCIENCE LITERATURE BUT IT IS RARELY TAKEN AS A KEY THEORERICAL PRINCIPLE

SCOPE
CAN EXPLAIN ALL RECOGNITION COGNITIVE PROCESSING PATTERN PROCESSING IMAGE, SOUND, TOUCH, CHEMICAL, LEARNING FEELINGS, EMOTIONS,
CONCEPTS, THINKING, IDEAS, INTENTIONS, WILL, , CONSCIOUSNESS Biological /Artificial Neural System

MECHANISMS:

Artificial Intelligence Computer Science Programing Physical Dynamics Interactions

PR OF SET OF PROPERTIES

PROPOSE A FORMAL PHYSICAL DEFINITION OF PR INTRODUCE PR UNIVERSAL COGNITIVE FEATURES PROPOSE WELL STRUCTURED PR COGNITIVE DEFINITIONS PROPOSE PR OBJECTIVE DEFINITIONS OF HIGHER ORDER COGNITIVE CONDEPTS LIKE CONSCIOUSNESS

PR SOLUTION TO COGNITIVE SCIENCE OBJECTIVELY DEFINE AND DESCRIBE (EXPLAINING) ANY COGNITIVE PHENOMENA AND ITS CORRESPONDENT MECHANISM

PATTERN RECOGNITION IS A NECESSARY PRINCIPLE!

(ENVIROMENT SENSORIAL INTERACTION)

IS PATTERN RECOGNITION ALSO A SUFICIENT PRINCIPLE?

PROPOSED ANSWER: YES, IT HAS ALL ATRIBUTES TO MODEL ANY COGNITIVE FUNCTION
PR IS A WELL DEFINED FORMALISM (MATH, AND PROPOSED HERE IN PHYSICS) PR IS EQUIVALENT WITH PROCESSING AND LEARNING PR IS BIOLOGICALLY (NEURAL) IMPLEMENTED PR ALLOWS OBJECTIVE (UNDERSTANDABLE AND UNAMBIGUOUS) MODELLING TO COGNITIVE SCIENCE

COGNITIVE SCIENCE CONCEPT OF PR

FOR SHORT WE CAN CALL THE SCIENTIFIC AREA Physics NEUROBIOLOGY Cognitive MATH, COMPUTATION Science AI, Neural Networks, etc PSYCHOLOGY PHYLOSOPHY

SET OF PHYSICAL QUANTITIES = PROPERTIES

PATTERN RECOGNITION DEFINITION
EVENT OF IDENTIFICATION OF A PATTERN BY A PATTERN RECOGNITION MECHANISM ACTIVATION OF NEURAL CELLS OR SYNAPSES FUNCTIONAL OR COMPUTATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PROPERTIES EXHIBITION OF BEHAVIORAL PROPERTIES RECOGNITION OF CONCEPTS PROPERTIES

PATTERN DEFINITION
SET OF IDENTIFIABLE PROPERTIES OF A PHYSICAL SYSTEM SET OF PROPERTIES AS ACTIVABLE NEURAL CELLS OR SYNAPSES A SET COMPUTABLE PROPERTIES

BEHAVIORAL PROPERTIES CONCEPTS PROPERTIES DEFINITIONS

Table 1 Definitions of Pattern and Pattern Recognition concepts. Figure 1 Patterns and Pattern Recognition Mechanisms
Synapse: Sound Light , Neuron: inactive active

Patterns:

Geometric

Movement, Force, Temperature, Energy, etc

{ }
123456 6 2 1 78 3 74 2041 332409 Neural (biological or artificial) Neural Activity
Neurons and Synapses exhibits patterns and also are the mechanism that performs pattern recognition activity

1 1 0 10 1 010001 1 0 1 11 0 0 1 1 0 01

Physical Meters, Detectors, Machines, Pattern , Chemical and Biological Recognition Mechanisms Mechanisms: (Biological and Psychological
systems are physical systems)

Math - Computing Functional Association

Mathematical Functions Computational Functions Algorithms

UNIVERSAL COGNITIVE SCIENCE PR SCOPE

PATTERN PROCESSING:
THE CONTINUOUS OR DISCRETE SEQUENTIAL PATTERN RECOGNITION INTER-ACTIVATED EVENTS
( CONTINUOUS/DISCRETE TIME CHAIN OF SEQUENTIAL/PARALEL PR INTER-ASSOCIATED OCURRENCES )
Figure 2 Connectionist Pattern Processing Illustration
Synapse: , Neuron: inactive active

Pattern Processing:
t=0 t=1 t=2

... t=n

PATTERN RECOGNITION EVENTS EQUIVALENT TO COMPUTER INSTRUCTIONS: IF PATTERN A THEN PATTERN B (1 STEP LEVEL) PATTERN PROCESSING => IF A THEN B THEN C THEN D => MULTI STEP LEVEL OF PHYSICAL SYSTEMS ORGANIZATION (COMPLEXITY) => COGNITIVE PR STRUCTURE PATTERN PROCESSING IS CONSISTENT WITH COMPUTER AND/OR NEURAL PROCESSING

PATTERN LEARNING
CHANGING OF PR FUNCTIONS (Association Functions)
LEARNING = CHANGING OR ESTABILISHING OF NEW PR CORRELATIONS LEARNING IS EQUIVALENT TO MEMORY

HIGHER ORDER MIND CONCEPTS

DEFINITIONS FROM A DESCRIPTIVE MODELLING APPROACH

THINKING COMMANDING PATTERN PROCESSING SYSTEM

- DOMINATES MOST ATTENTION, ASSOCIATION, CONTROLING, ETC PATTERNS - EXCEPTIONS: PAIN, SCARE, SHOCK, ETC, MAY DOMINATES EVENTUALLY THE COMMANDING THINKING PROCESS FOR A LIMITED PERIOD OF TIME - COULD BRING ORGANIZATIONAL ADVANTAGES FOR CENTRAL PATTERN PROCESSING

CONSCIOUSNESS RECOGNITION BY THE THINKING PROCESS

RECOGNIZED PATTERNS ARE READY TO BE NOW PROCESSED WITH OTHERS PATTERNS AND PARTICIPATE IN NEW PATTERN LEARNING EVENTS IF A PATTERN IS NOT RECOGNIZED BY THE THINKING SYSTEM, IT MAY BE PROCESSED PERIFERICALLY OR ISOLATEDLY FROM THE THINKING SYSTEM IF RECOGNIZED BY A PERIFERAL OR SPECIALIZED PATTERN RECOGNITION FUNCTION, AS OUR NEURO-MUSCLE CIRCUIT IS ABLE TO RECOGNIZE THE MUSCULAR POWER NECESSARY TO EACH WALK STEP

SELF MIND CONSCIOUSNESS RECOGNITION BY THE THINKING PROCESS

ACTIVITIES OF THE OWN PATTERN PROCESSING SYSTEM (MIND) A GENERAL AND POWERFUL ENOUGH PATTERN RECOGNITION SYSTEM IS ABLE TO RECOGNIZE ITS OWN PATTERNS OF ACTIVITIES

OF THE

SOLUTIONS TO CHALLENGING CONSCIOUSNESS QUESTIONS

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS PHENOMENA ARTIFICIAL CONSCIOUSNESS RESONABLE ANSWER TO DUALISTICS CONSCIOUSNESS PROPONERS
IS THE CONSCIOUS MIND PROCESSING PHYSICALLY SEPARETED TO THE BRAIN? DO YOU RECOGNIZE THAT THERE EXIST CONSCIOUSNESS? YES? SO BY MY THEORETICAL CONSTRUCTION ABOVE, WHAT ON YOU RECOGNIZED THAT THERE EXISTS CONSCIOUSNESS IS EXACTLY THE FUNCTIONAL DEFINITION OF YOUR PATTERN RECOGNITION MACHINERY OF YOUR BRAIN. THE SAME CAN OCCOUR WITH AN ARTIFICIAL PATTERN PROCESSING SYSTEM

DEFINITION OF THE PHYSICAL UNIVERSE STRUCTURE BY A COGNITIVE PROCESS CONTRIBUITION TO PHYSICS, MATH, AND ALL OTHERS SCIENTIFIC THEORIES AS A COGNITIVE PROCESS
PHYSICS THE BASIC PATTERNS OF THE UNIVERSE ARE SPACE GEOMETRY AND TIME VARIATIONS - EVERYTHING IS MADE OF PATTERNS OF SPACE AND TIME MATH PATTERNS OF QUANTITY AND GEOMETRIC COUNTING

THE UNIVERSAL EQUIVALENCE OF PR MECHANISMS AND PR COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS THE SAME PR MECHANISMS CAN BE PERFORMED BY BIOLOGICAL NEURAL SYSTEMS OR BY AI SYSTEMS THE PATTERN PROCESSING AND LEARNING FUNCTION CAN BE PROCESSED BY THE SAME PR MECHANISMS IT IS NOT NECESSARY A SEPARETED MECHANISM FROM PATTERN RECOGNITION TO PROCESS PATTERN PROCESSING AND LEARNING
MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATION OF COGNTIVE PATTERN RECOGNITION

UNIVERSAL EQUIVALENCE PATTERN IS A SET OF DISCRETE PROPERTIES PATTERN RECOGNITION IS A FUNCTIONAL RELATION OF SETS

BY MATH, ANY FUNCTIONAL RELATION OF SETS THAT EXIBITS ISOMORFISM ARE MATHEMATICALLY STRUCTURALLY IDENTICAL

SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT OF PATTERN RECOGNITION

Chapter 2. THE DEFINITION OF PATTERN RECOGNITION (key books and papers)

(PR)

Jie Liu,Jigui Sun,Shengsheng Wang, Pattern Recognition: An overview, IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.6 No.6, June 2006

[1] 1973(Duda and Hart) defined the pattern recognition as a field concerned with machine recognition of meaning regularities in noisy of complex environments. [2] 1977(Pavlidis) defined pattern recognition in his book: the word pattern is derived from the same root as the word patron and, in his original use, means something which is set up as a perfect example to be imitated. Thus pattern recognition means the identification of the ideal which a given object was made after. [3] 1978(Gonzalez,Thomas) defined pattern recognition as a classification of input data via extraction important features from a lot of noisy data. [4] 1985(Watanabe) said that pattern recognition can be looked as categorization problem, as inductive process, as structure analysis, as discrimination method and so on. [5] 1990(Fukunaga) defined pattern recognition as A problem of estimating density functions in a high-dimensional space and dividing the space into the regions of categories of classes. [6] 1992(Schalkoff) defined PR as The science that concerns the description or classification (recognition) of measurements. [7] 1993(Srihari,Govindaraju) defined pattern recognition as a discipline which learn some theories and methods to design machines that can recognize patterns in noisy data or complex environment. [8] 1996(Ripley) outlined pattern recognition in his book: Given some examples of complex signals and the correct decisions for them, make decisions automatically for a stream of future examples. [9] 2002 (Robert P.W. Duin) described the nature of pattern recognition is engineering; the final aim of Pattern recognition is to design machines to solve the gap between application and theory. [10] 2003(Sergios Theodoridis,) Pattern recognition is a scientific discipline whose aim is the classification of the objects into a lot of categories or classes. Pattern recognition is also a integral part in most machine intelligence system built for decision making.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[1] Editorial, Advances in Pattern Recognition, Pattern Recognition Letters 26,395-398,2005 [2] T. Pavlidis. Structural Pattern Recognition . Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 1977. ... [3] Gonzalez,R.C.Thomas,M.G .Syntatic Pattern Recognition:an Introduction ,Addison Wesley,Reading,MA,1978 [4] Watanabe, Pattern Recognition: Human and Mechanical . Wiley, New York, 1985 [5] K. Fukunaga. Introduction to statistical pattern recognition (2nd ed). Academic Press, Boston 1990 [6] RJ Schalkoff. Pattern Recognition: Statistical, Structural and Neural Approaches. John Wiley & Sons, 1992 [7] Srihari, S.N., Covindaraju, Pattern recognition, Chapman &Hall, London, 1034-1041, 1993 [8] B. Ripley, Pattern Recognition and Neural Networks, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996 [9] Robert P.W. Duin,Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical and Pattern Recognition: Joint Iapr International Workshops Sspr 2002 & Spr 2002, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, August 6-9, 2002 Proceedings [10] Sergios Theodoridis, Konstantinos Koutroumbas , pattern recognition , Pattern Recognition ,Elsevier(USA)) ,1982

CONCLUSION FROM THIS REVIEW PAPER => PR IS AMBIGUOUSLY DEFINED BY MANY AUTHORS => SUMMARY: IT IS A SET OF SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQES FOR CLASSIFICATION BUT NO PHYSICAL BASED DEFINITION OF PATTERN RECOGNITION IS IN THE LITERATURE => IS IT A LACK IN THIS SCIENTIVIC FIELD ?IN MY OPINION: YES ! AS A TECHNIQUE IT IS OK => BUT AS A NATURAL PHENOMENON NOT

(PR) PATTERN RECOGNITION DEFINITIONS:

PROPOSAL: DEFINE FIRST AS A GENERAL

PHYSICAL PHENOMENON:

PATTERN RECOGNITION IS THE PHYSICAL PHENOMENON OF

IDENTIFICATION OF PHYSICAL QUANTITIES IN A PHYSICAL SYSTEM BY A PHYSICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION MECHANISM.
This implies:

PATTERN IS A SET OF IDENTIFIABLE QUANTITIES OF A PHYSICAL SYSTEM BY A PATTERN RECOGNITION MECHANISM.

The words identification and identifiable belongs to the cognitive science scope

EXEMPLES OF PATTERN RECOGNITION MECHANISMS: BASIC PHYSICAL LEVER, MOLECULE, etc LIVING CELL MORE COMPLEX AND COMMANDS THE BEHAVIOR IMMUNOLOGICAL SYSTEM RECOGNIZE, LEARN AND MEMORIZE FULL COGNITIVE HUMAN RECOGNIZE, PROCESS, LEARN AND COMMANDS THE BEHAVIOR

PATTERN RECOGNITION CONCEPT RE-INTERPRETATION:

CURRENT PROPOSED HERE => SET OF TECHNIQUES => SET OF TECHNIQUES and/or NATURAL PHENOMENA

DEMONSTRATION PROPOSED: DESCRIPTIVE DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION of some key COGNITIVE PHENOMENA in the following steps:

INSTINCT, sensing, action and reaction basic cognitive properties PROCESSING AND LEARNING strategies based on instinctive patterns

PR DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF ANY

HIGHER ORDER COGNITIVE CONCEPTS as thinking and consciousness
MOST HIGHER ORDER COGNITIVE PHENOMENA (CONSCIOUSNESS) DON'T HAVE A STABLISHED DEFINITION
IMPORTANCE OF UNAMBIGUOUS DEFINITIONS TO THE THEORETICAL DISCUSSION

=>

ALLOWS TO BUILD OBJECTIVE EXPLANATIONS

(PR) PATTERN RECOGNITION THEORY OF

COGNITIVE PROCESSING (MIND FUNCTIONING)
With the above definitions and discussions, I propose a general theory for cognitive science with the following

postulates: THERE EXIST, OR IS POSSIBLE TO BUILD, GENERAL MECHANISMS OF PATTERN RECOGNITION, PROCESSING AND LEARNING FOR ANY PATTERN OF A GIVEN SYSTEM. The over all system of cognitive science interest is the human accessible real world, or
accessible universe. Those mechanisms can be either biological, artificial or both, as in the case of human observation aided with tools and instruments. This hypothesis is based on the fact that the actual pattern recognition scientific research is very general and promising, and it is aimed to describe many aspects of the human cognition.

THE PROPOSED EQUIVALENCE OF BIOLOGICAL AND ARTIFICIAL PATTERN RECOGNITION MECHANISMS IS AN INDICATION THAT ANY SUITABLE PATTERN RECOGNITION MECHANISM CAN BE USED TO DESCRIBE ANY COGNITIVE PHENOMENON. So it is likely that a pattern recognition description of mind is capable of explaining
human and animal cognition, and also give directions to project artificial intelligence.

A DESCRIPTIVE EXPLANATION OF SOME KEY AND GENERAL COGNITIVE PHENOMENA IN TERMS OF A PATTERN RECOGNITION MECHANISMS CAN BE AN INDICATION THAT PATTERN RECOGNITION IS A NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT PRINCIPLE FOR A GENERAL COGNITIVE SCIENCE . A definitive proof of the
validity of this theoretical approach could be the construction of artificial intelligence with all key cognitive features, which is reasonably possible in the near future due to the intense pattern recognition research. Also an application of pattern recognition concepts to biological cognitive research could be an extra evidence.

A pattern recognition theoretical framework is very likely to be general and complete because by the first above assumption we can consider it as a generalization of any pattern of theoretical modeling system. The above assumptions inevitably throw us to try to describe all the universe structure perceived by us in terms of patterns. Equivalently is to assume that all human concepts can be described as a set of patterns relations.

BIOLOGICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION COGNITIVE STRUCTURE

(BIOLOGICAL COGNITIVE PATHWAYS WITH PATTERN RECOGNITION)

BUILT IN PATTERNS (Innate) = INSTINCTS ARE THE INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR PATTERN PROCESSING AND LEARNING
BIOLOGICAL COGNITIVE DRIVE , MEANING THAT HIGHER ORDER NEURAL SYSTEM LIKE HUMAN CAN RECOGNIZE, PROCESS AND LEARN COMPLEX PATTERN IMPROVING ITS COMMANDING BEHAVIOR.

Instinctive Learned t1 Learned t2 Learned tn

EACH INNER SHELL IS AN INSTINTIVE PATTERN SET TO THE OUTHER SHELLS LEARNING

LEARNING IS CONTINUOS

EVER INCREASING THE SET OF RECORDED PATTERNS. THE INSTINCT AND LEARNED PATTERNS ARE THE TOTAL CONDITIONS PATTERNS AVAILABLE FOR SINCE THEN PERFORMS FUTURE PATTERN PROCESSING AND LEARNING .

LEARNED PATTERNS FUNCTIONS THEN AS INSTINCT PATTERNS. I PROPOSED THIS COGNITIVE STRUCTURE BECAUSE IT IS A SIMPLE MODEL ABLE TO DESCRIBE ANY COGNITIVE COMPLEX STRUCTURE.

EXEMPLE 1 INFANT SENSORIAL AND MOTOR LEARNING - MOVING, HOLDING BIASED BY CORRELATED PAIN, CONFORT, RELIEF, ETC PATTERNS RESULTS IN LEARNING OF OPTIMIZED MOTOR MOVEMENT

EXEMPLE 2 SAME WITH VISION WITH GEOMETRIC, SATURATION, COLORS BIASED BY CORRELATED VISUAL STABILITY, CONFORT, RELIEF, ETC RESULTS IN LEARNING OF OPTIMIZED VISUAL PERCEPTION

EXEMPLE 3 TIME EVENT CORRELATED REPETITIONS OF MOTOR MOVEMENTS AND VISUAL PERCEPTION GIVES VISUAL AND MOTOR COMMON RECOGNITION
( POSSIBLE DEFINITION OF - GLOBAL COHERENCE or GLOBAL WORKSPACE INTEGRATION )

POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND INTERPRETATIONS (THE MECHANISM) FOR NEUROBIOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY INTERPRET THE NEURONAL IMAGE AND MAPPING PATTERNS AS BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE COGNITIVELY INTERPRET THE IMPLEMENTATIONS OF PATTERN RECOGNITION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS

UNIVERSAL FITNESS OF THIS THEORETICAL MODEL

WHATEVER OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OR STRATEGIES ONE DECIDES TO USES IF YOU CAN DESCRIBES ITS PROPERTIES OR PATTERNS YOU CAN ALSO DESCRIBE IT AS A PATTERN PROCESSING SYSTEM

VALIDITY OF THIS THEORETICAL MODEL

IF THIS THEORY IS CORRECT IT IS A VALUABLE CONTRIBUITION TO CONGNITIVE SCIENCE BRINGS COGNITIVE SCIENCE TO THE FORMAL LEVEL OF PHYSICS, BIOLOGY, ETC IF THIS THEORY IS NOT CORRECT, IT CAN BE AN EXEMPLE OF A NATURAL SCIENCE BASED COGNITIVE SCIENCE MODEL, AS THE SAME AS THE LAMARCKISM IS CONSIDERED AS ONE OF THE FIRST NATURALISTIC MODEL OF LIFE VARIATION BEFORE THE DARWINANISM

CONCLUSION
A PATTERN RECOGNITION REVIEW FOR THE SCOPE OF COGNITIVE SCIENCE WAS SHOWN TO BE NEED. A PHYSICAL REVIEW WAS HERE PROPOSED AS THE FOUNDATION OF: OBJECTIVE SCIENTIFIC DEFINITIONS, DESCRIPTIONS, AND MODELLING OF MIND AND BRAIN, PROCESS AND CONCEPTS, AS WELL AS AI RELATED PROCESS, CAN BE EXPLAINED AS A PATTERN RECOGNITION PROCESSING SYSTEM, AS BEEN FORMALLY REVIEW IN THIS WORK THIS BRINGS THE COGNITIVE SCIENCE AS A SOLID NATURAL THEORY OF COGNITIVE PHENOMENA AS: PHYSICS IS A SOLID THEORY OF PHYSICAL NATURE PHENOMENA BIOLOGY IS A SOLID THEORY OF LIFE PHENOMENA ETC