Chapter 2 Notes: 2.1-2.

5 Elements, Atoms and molecules: Matter: Makes up livi9ng organisms, anything that occupies space and has mass. Element: a substance that cannot be broken down to another substance by ordinary chemical means. Atom: a subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge. Electron: A subatomic particle with a single negative charge. Nucleus: atoms central core. Atomic number: all atoms of a particular element all have the same unique number of protons. Mass number: the sum of protons and neutrons in an atoms nucleus. Atomic mass/weight: equal to mass number, the sum of its protons and neutrons. Isotope: have the same numbers of protons and neutrons and behave identically in chemical reactions, but have different number of neutrons. Neutron: subatomic particles with a single negative charge. Proton: subatomic particles with a single positive charge. Compound: Substance containing 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio. 2.4-2.8: Ionic and covalent bonds: Molecules: two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. Covalent bonds: chemical bonds in which two atoms share one or more pairs of outer electrons. Double bond: when atoms share two pairs of electrons. Ionic bond: when attraction holds two ions together. Ion: an atom or molecule with an electric charge resulting from a gain or loss of one or more electrons. Bond: