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sAB 25i3l SAM 3513t SAA 3622

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FINAL EXAMINATIOhI
SEMESTER I, SESSION 2OITI2OI2
COURSE CODE
COURSE

sAB 2513/ SAM 35t3/SAA 3522

HYDRAULICS SAW
2 HOURS 30 MINUTES

PROGRAMME DURATION DATE

JANUARY 2012

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES:

1.

ANSWER FIVE (5) QUESTTONS ONLY.

WARNING!
Students caught copyinghheating during the examinatian will be liablefor disciplinary actions and thefaculty may recammend the student to be expelledfrom the study.

This examination question consists of (9) printed pages only.

sAB 2513t SAM 3513/ SAA 3622

Qi. (a)

(i)

Give TWO important factors that contribute to the value of

Manning coefficient?
(4 marlu)

(ii)

What are the main assumptions made when designing open channels and why freeboard is important in open channels?
(5 marks)

(b)

Rectangular and trapezoidal concrete-lined channels are to be eonstructed with Manning's n of 0.014. The conveyance factor, K of the channel is 630 *3/s. Calculate the bottom width of the channel and depth of flow for the Best Hydraulic Section (BHS) for both channels. Sketch your results.
(11 marks) (20 marks)

Q2.

(a)

Critical depth occurs in an open channel when the specific energy is minimurn" Sketch the corresponding flow depth vrsus specific energy graph. From this concept, derive the general equation used to determine critical flow depth in an open channel.
(4 marlrs)

(b)

A rectangular channel 3.05 rn wide carries 3.4 m3/s uniform flow of

water at a depth of 0.6m. Suppose that an obstruction such as a weir is placed across the channel with the height of 0.2 m above the bottom.

(i)

Does this weir cause a hydraulic jump upstream of the weir?

Why or why not?

(4 marla)

(ii)

Calculate the flow depth above the weir, and just upstream cf the weir. Classify the surface profile occur upstream of the weir. Sketch the resulting water-surface profile and energy line, showing the critical depth, y" and normal depth, yo. (12 marks) (20 marks)

sAB 2513l SAM 3513/ SAA 3622

Q3.

(a)

An engineer is desired to analyze flow in an open channel in which the channel is designed to be constricted caused by placing bridge ernbankment at both sides of the channel. Explain the consequences
due to the constriction. (4 marl<s)

(b)

Water is flowing uniformly with flow rate 18.6 m3/s and water depth 1.2 m in a rectangular open channel of width 8 m. A ternporary short span bridge is proposed to be constructed across the channel in which bridge ernbankment is needed at both sides of the channel causing the channel to be constricted under the proposed bridge.

(i)

Calculate the maximum channel width under the proposed

bridge that will not cause backwater upstream.
(5 marlu)

(ii)

If the channel width under the proposed bridge is 4 m due to

the unavoidable problern condition, calculate the expected flow depth under the bridge, at just upstream and at just downstream of the bridge. (6 marks)

(iii)

If the water depth just upstream of the proposed bridge is

limited to be 0.2 m higher than the norrnal depth, calculate the channel width under the bridge.
(5 marks)

(20 rnarks)

sAB 2513/ SAM 3513/5AA3622

Q4.

(a)

At what flow condition

channel?

hydraulic jump can occur

in an open
(2 marks)

(b)

Sketch an example of gradually varied flow in an open channel with Sl and 53 flow profile. Show the corresponding normal and critical depth.
(3 marks)

(c)

A hydraulic jump is designed to occur in a rectangular open channel of width 3.2 m. The ratio of the conjugate water depth of the jump is to be 4.8. If the water depth just after the jump is 2.34 m, calculate the flow rate in this channel.
(7 rnarks)

(d)

Water is flowing uniformly with flow depth 2.6 m in a rectangular open channel of width 4 m. The Manning's n is 0.018 and the channel bed slope is 1:1800. A concrete dam is to be placed in this channel that will cause backwater flow upsheam. The water depth just upskeam of the dam is designed to be 3.626 m. Compute the distance from the dam upstream up to the place where the water depth is loh higher than the normal depth. (Divide the channel distance to 4 parts only)
(8 marks)

(20 marks)

sAB 2513/ SAM 35t31 SAA3622

Q5.

(a)

An incompressible fluid of density p (kg/m3) and viscosity pr (Ns1m2) flows at the average speed v (m/s) through a long, horizontal section of round pipe of lengthl (m), inner diameter D (m) and inner wall roughness height e (m). The pipe is long enough that the flow is fuliy developed, meaning that the velocity profile does not change down the pipe. Pressure decreases (linearly) down the pipe in order to "push" the fluid through the pipe to overcome friction. Develop a non dimcnsional relationship befween pressure drop AP (N/m2) and the other parameters in the problem. Be sure to modify your Tv groups as
necessary to achieve established non dimensional parameters.

(12 marks) (b)

The velocity and discharge for 1/50 scale model of a spillway are 0.6 m/s and 0.18 m3/s respectively. Calculate the corresponding velocity and discharge in prototype.
(8 marlcs)

(20 marks)

sAB 2513/ SAM 3513/ SAA 3622

Q6. (a) A simple water supply

pipe network system of a housing area is as shown in Figure Q6. The pipe data ar as in the following table. Compute the flow rate and the head loss in each pipe. Use the initial trial flow rate 0.05 m3/s io pipe flowing from { to B *o o.ot m3/s of flow in pipe flowing from B to D. The ftiction factors, f : 0.004 for all pipes. State your final answers after two complete iterations only.
Pipe Iotal lensth (m) Diameter (mm)

AB
200

rs0

AE r00 r50

ED 200
150

BD
100 150

BC 200 150

DC 300
150

(14 marks)

(b) If the pressure

head at node

A is 20 m, and the pipe network is laid on

horizontal plane, calculate the residual pressure head at node C.

(6 Marks)

(20 marks)

0.020 m3/s

0.030 m3ls

0.015 m3/s

0.025 m3ls

Figure Q6

sAB 2513t SAM 3513t SAA3622

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