3 power circuit breaker

power circuit breaker

power circuit breaker load

3.1

circuit breaker (mechanical switching

device) (making) (carrying)
(breaking) circuit breaker

circuit breaker

rated breaking current breaker
breaker

breaker (high speed) over voltage

AC breaker DC breaker

3.2

arcing

3.2.1 arc
arc conductor arc (hot
ionized gas) arc
arc
contact breaker insulating oil , SF6 gas,
medium open
breaker close breaker contact

contact
open resistance 2-3 volt
(gap) gap electric field gradient gap
electron contact gap
microsecond arc
3. circuit breaker 1

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3.2.1.1 arc
arc medium
(ionize)
hydrogen gas ion gas
arc arc (arcing chamber) thermal
conductivity (flow)
20,000 C
oil circuit breaker arc
arc hydrogen gas, carbon, copper vapor air circuit breaker
nitrogen, oxygen, copper vapor SF6 circuit breaker
SF6 SF5 ,SF4 ,SF3 ,SF2 , SF SF , F2 copper vapor
arc
3.2.1.2 arc
arc
ion conductivity ion
medium open breaker
contact arc
arc arc
free electron
arc free electron ionization process
AC system 10
free electron
arc
breaker open arc arc arc

arc arc
arc arc arc (arcing
chamber) arc arc
temperature gradient arc arc
3.2.1.3
breaker bulk oil breaker air blast
breaker minimum oil breaker SF6
3. circuit breaker 1

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3.2.1.1.1
oil break circuit breaker
oil circuit breaker mineral oil insulating oil
petroleum bulk oil type arc (arcing
chamber) dead tank type minimum oil type
arcing chamber porcelain support insulator live tank type
oil circuit breaker 69 kV
arc arcing chamber insulated pressure chamber contact
arc gap arc
(vaporize) arc
contact contact
cross blast
arc arc arc
minimum oil breaker
oil pump contact chamber
arc
bulk oil breaker contact chamber phase
(barrier) phase phase
minimum oil breaker interrupter unit
chamber
contact fixed contact
moving contact fixed contact
moving contact
moving contact
copper tungsten alloy arcing contact arc
(breaking) open (making) close
moving contact alloy arc
(interrupting time)
30 ms opening time+25 ms arcing time=55 ms 3 cycles
3.2.1.1.2
gas blast circuit breaker
arc gas blast breaker arc
gas arc oil breaker
3. circuit breaker 1

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 cooling gas arc arc

gas arc ionized gas arc
cooling gas arc
nozzle gas
arc gas blast breaker gas media
gas arc contact nozzle
gas blast dead tank live tank oil type
(air) SF6 gas interrupter breaking capacity
air blast breaker
30 kg/cm2
interrupting chamber, support column, tank
valve
interrupting time cycle (20 ms)
air blast breaker 11-15 kV generator
SF6 breaker breaker SF6 gas
/ arc metallic fluoride
metal part
SF6 gas
air breaker
SF6 gas de-ionize
metallic fluoride
puffer cylinder moving contact
close moving contact
arc contact puffer
contact
puffer teflon
moving contact
moving contact puffer clogging effect nozzle
cylinder arc
contact arc sine
wave cylinder
arc
3. circuit breaker 1

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 current chopping
SF6 gas breaker interrupting time 2-3 cycles
air blast breaker interrupting time 1-2 cycles
3.2.1.1.3
vacuum breaker
vacuum breaker insulating media strength
infinity arc breaker contact contact
chamber
(vacuum) open arc arc
(metallic vapor) cathode vacuum
condense shield condense
vacuum
arc cathode arc arc
arc cathode (cathode spot) emission arc column
magnetic field arc arc
magnetic field arc path particle
high voltage gradient anode ionization anode
metal vapor vapor anode vaporize
emission
arc
arc arc column arc
column arc column arc spot
contact emission restrike arc
arc
arc contact magnetic field
arc arc arc
contact
arc
contact slot magnetic field
contact
vacuum breaker contact contact
welding contact high conductivity
weld copper bismuth , chromium ,
3. circuit breaker 1

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 contact
arc gas-free copper
vacuum interrupter contact
close
(butt contact) vacuum chamber
interrupter interrupting time 15 ms

3.3

circuit breaker mechanism

- spring type
close spring
open spring
- pneumatic type
close pneumatic
open spring
close spring
open pneumatic
- hydraulic type
close hydraulic
open hydraulic
spring mechanism contact
spring
motor spring breaker open
spring pneumatic mechanism close
spring close open duty
pneumatic mechanism contact
compressor 20 bar
close-open 4-5 close
contact charge spring open open
compressor
hydraulic mechanism contact nitrogen
accumulator pump hydraulic
accumulator 40-50 bar
spring mechanism pump
close driving rod mechanism
(latch) close

3.4

switching duty
3.4.1 closing and latching duty (permanent fault)

3. circuit breaker 1

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 line insulator
(electrically close) arc contact
close operation single phase to ground fault close
breaker phase
sinusoidal cycle sine wave peak (first
asymmetrical peak) symmetrical peak close
close latch open protective
relay interrupting time
close breaker open

- driving rod contact close
- arc close
(induce) magnetic field
(attractive force) contact finger
fixed contact repulsive force
contact finger fixed contact contact rod moving contact
mechanism close
moving contact inertia

mechanism close operation close

contact contact - (bounce)
close arc moving fixed contact contact
pre-strike arc contact bounce
contact arc arc
contact high potential gradient
pre-strike contact bounce local heating contact
(weld) vacuum circuit breaker
butt contact
3.4.2 current carrying capability contact
rated normal current
3. circuit breaker 1

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 (rated short circuit current)

(maximum temperature rise)
open close
contact
point to point contact oil breaker
( tar) film
contact resistance contact

3.5

circuit interruption

breaker switching operation close,

open, fault interruption
3.5.1 fault interruption fault clearing breaker
short circuit rating
load break switch circuit switcher isolator
dc offset short circuit impedance
limit reactance 90
dc
dc exponential time constant impedance
dc component symmetrical
component
peak
dc asymmetrical component peak
symmertrical component
3.5.2 terminal short circuit three phase ungrounded
fault transient restriking voltage phase
(first pole to clear) phase arc contact
open 1.5 2 Vp (peak) natural
frequency transient response restriking transient voltage
peak recovery voltage power frequency recovery voltage
three phase grounded fault recovery voltage
contact line to ground voltage
effectively ground zero sequence impedance 3
3. circuit breaker 1

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 positive sequence impedance contact phase clear

phase 1.3 line to ground
first pole to clear factor = 1.3
3.5.3 breaking small inductive current arc
sinusoidal wave
(current chopping) I L.I 2
inductor inductace : L stray capacitance
inductor transient over voltage contact restrike
arc external flashover breaker arc
breaker air blast breaker vacuum breaker arc
shunt resistor contact air blast breaker
over voltage contact open
3.5.4 breaking small capacitive current cable
trap charge cycle
polarity trap charge polarity
contact breaker (phase to ground)
restrike air blast breaker shunt resistor
contact discharge cable SF6 breaker insulation
performance interrupting chamber open
restrike restrike free breaker resistor
3.5.5 short line fault (fault) breaker
(kilometric fault) recovery voltage contact
breaker 50Hz (source frequency)
(reflected wave) recovery
voltage (high rate of rise)
breaker air blast
3.5.6 out of phase switching close contact
( breaker open) (electrical angle)
synchronize generator 180 out of phase
contact open breaker contact
arc contact
open restrike
3. circuit breaker 1

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 breaker breaker
breaker generator double interrupter
single interrupter synchronize
3.5.7 evolving fault breaker
contact arc
arc interrupter arc
interrupter arc
contact interrupting chamber arc
contact chamber
arc arc
- small inductive current current chopping voltage
contact (over voltage) flashover fault
chop contact puffer
puffer
surge arrester
- breaker open
breaker arc

3.5.8 capacitor reactor switching breaker pre-insertion

resistor inrush current point on
wave relay contact prestrike electrical
connection capacitor close electrical connection
inductor close electrical connection
peak peak
3.5.9 initial transient recovery voltage breaker
interrupt contact
rate of rise of dielectric strength rate of rise of
recovery voltage ( contact )
high frequency over voltage
system frequency capacitance bus bar source
breaker natural frequency SF6 breaker
3. circuit breaker 1

10

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 capacitor line ground source oscillation

frequency
3.6 multi-interrupter interrupter
grading capacitor interrupter interrupter
recovery voltage restrike breaker
performance

3. circuit breaker 1

11

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 3
interrupting capacity rating circuit breaker
reliability safety criteria
rated
AC system short circuit current
generation transmission fault level
equipment rating equipment
circuit breaker rating

system short circuit current

1. source of short circuit current short circuit current
(short circuit current source) impedance
characteristic
generator, synchronous motor, induction motor
(fault)
1.1 generator generator
field excitation prime mover generator
impedance generator
generator parameter
1.2 synchronous motor generator field DC
current stator winding AC current stator winding AC line
electrical energy mechanical energy
short circuit AC line motor mechanical
energy load inertia load rotor motor
motor generator fault
cycle impedance motor line
fault
1.3 induction motor inertia load rotor induction motor
synchronous motor induction motor DC field winding field
stator source motor rotor flux
short circuit flux rotor
inertia rotor stator
3. circuit breaker 1

12

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 fault flux rotor induction motor

4-5 cycle momentary current circuit
breaker
2. rotating machine reactance
impedance rotating machine
impedance fault
field excitation voltage reactance machine
reactance
1
- subtransient reactance X reactance stator winding
fault 2-3 cycle
- transient reactance X subtransient
reactance machine
- synchronous reactance X reactance steady state condition
short circuit

Few high peaks due to

Effect of damper winding
(subtransients)
Slowly decaying
transient component
2

E
X
2

E
X

0.5

E
X

t, s

Steady state
component

1 Transient short circuit current of synchronous machine.

3. circuit breaker 1

13

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generator synchronous motor reactance

decay time period induction motor subtransient
reactance field coil
3. symmetrical asymmetrical current
symmetrical asymmetrical AC current wave
envelopes ( peak ) peak
symmetry
symmetrical current 2 envelopes symmetry
asymmetrical current short circuit current asymmetrical
2-3 cycle symmetrical 3
Peak current envelope

2 Symmetrical short circuit current

Peak current envelope

3 Asymmetrical short circuit current

short circuit current asymmetrical impedance
short circuit reactance resistance ratio : X/R
maximum peak
3. circuit breaker 1

14

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- short circuit voltage wave peak

sine wave rate of change (
peak) symmetry 4
- short circuit voltage wave
peak rate of change (current wave lag
90 voltage wave) current wave peak
DC component sine wave symmetry
5

4 Short circuit occurred at peak voltage , Current symmetrical

5 Short circuit occurred at zero voltage , Current peak

asymmetrical
4. DC component asymmetrical short circuit current

6 Components of asymmetrical short circuit current

3. circuit breaker 1

15

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asymmetrical short circuit current wave form component 2

6
- symmetrical current sine wave
- DC component function reactance resistance
6-10 cycle
5. short circuit currents
asymmetrical current
equipment rating protective device
basic equation: symmetrical short circuit current : I
I = E/Z
E system driving point voltage
Z system impedance short circuit
generator
generator impedance system impedance basic equation
impedance subtransient symmetrical short
circuit current interrupting rating breaker
6. circuit breaker rating
circuit breaker
high voltage breaker rated interrupting time 3-5 cycle current
rating 2
- momentary current rating
- interrupting current rating ( breaking current rating)
breaker mechanical stress short circuit
decay (interrupt)
momentary peak current rating ( closing and latching current rating short circuit
making current rating) short circuit asymmetrical
peak peak breaker mechanical stress close on
fault IEC std. factor 2.5 AC component 2.5
peak making current
initial symmetrical rms current 2 2 0.9
(0.9 factor peak DC component )
initial symmetrical rms current 2.55
IEC 2.5
3. circuit breaker 1

16

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interrupting current rating symmetrical short circuit current arcing

contact (contact parting time)
asymmetrical interrupting current rating asymmetrical short circuit current
(symmetrical + dc component ) arcing contact
IEC std. rms value AC component Iac symmetrical
interrupting rating percentage DC component ( Idc 100) / Iac
ANSI std. rms value curve factor
asymmetrical
breaker rated short circuit interrupting / breaking
current AC component percentage DC component
interrupting rating AC component
20, 25, 31.5, 40, 50, 63 kA 7
short time current rating symmetrical ampere breaker
interrupting current
Voltage Rating
kV 22 / 25.8 33 / 38

Normal / Maximum
Rate Voltage Range Factor K

Insulation Level
Low Frequency Withstand(Dry),rms

kV

60

80

Impulse Withstand(BIL),Crest

kV

150

200

Rated Continuous

1600

1600

Rated Short Circuit Current at Max. kV

kA

25

25

Closing and Latching Capability,Creast

kA

68

68

cycle

Current Ratings

Rated Interrupting Time

CO + 15s + CO

Rated Duty Cycle

Three pole

Type of Tripping
mm/kv

Creepage Distance

PEA Line

Surge Absorber Capacitor

3. circuit breaker 1

>= 15 or 25

17

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Voltage Rating
Normal / Maximum

115 / 121

230 / 242

525 / 550

kV 69 / 72.5

Rate Voltage Range Factor K

Insulation Level
Low Frequency Withstand(Dry),rms

kV

160

260

425

860

Impulse Withstand(BIL),Crest

kV

350

550

900

1550

2000 2000/3000/4000

4000

Current Ratings
Rated Continuous

A 3000/4000 1200/2000 2000

Rated Short Circuit Current at Max. kV kA

40

31.5

40

40

50

50

Closing and Latching Capability,Creast kA

108

85

108

108

135

135

Rated Interrupting Time

cycle

O + 0 s + CO + 15s + CO

Rated Duty Cycle

Single Pole and/or Three pole

Type of Tripping

>= 15 or 25

mm/kv

Creepage Distance

no

Surge Absorber Capacitor

7 Standard rating short circuit current EGAT

7. circuit breaker rating

safety
equipment short circuit rating
interrupting rating maximum short circuit current
available short circuit current symmetrical short circuit
current basic equation rating
subtransient reactance X synchronous generator transient reactance X
synchronous motor induction motor
symmetrical short circuit current rating
breaker margin peak rms interrupting
current 1-2 cycle contact
DC component breaker interruption
breaker verify breaker
type test parameter

3. circuit breaker 1

18

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- fault level
fault level ()
- breaker power plant margin breaker
- symmetrical short circuit current bus fault
- breaker line feed fault current fault
interrupt fault line line
breaker bus fault current

parallel clearing gas circuit breaker puffer type

interrupt 10% 90% de-rating
80% rated interrupting current
8. short circuit current breaker rating
fault level breaker rating
rating breaker
rating series reactor limit

- bay feed fault ( bus fault) fault circuit

bay short circuit current bus fault current bay
capacitor bank, transformer load . . bus
arrangement breaker and a half scheme open breaker
fault trip signal bus differential
interruption interruption failure
- bay feed fault ( bus fault) line
(circuit) fault line bay feed bus fault
current 90 % breaker rating
series rector line
series reactor limit
230 kV system 40 kA : short circuit inductance 10.57 mH
series reactor 1.0 mH 10%
115 kV system 40 kA : short circuit inductance 5.28 mH
series reactor 0.6 mH 10%
3. circuit breaker 1

19

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