Anthrone Test Reagent: 5 ml Anthrone Reagent Procedure: Add 5 ml of anthrone reagent to 1 ml extract.

Mix and place tubes in boiling water for 10 minutes. Theoretical result: deep green color Experimental result: black coloration Principle: The anthrone test can be used for the qualitative and quantitative estimation of polysaccharides as well as monosaccharides. The test is based on the dehydration of monosaccharides to furfural derivatives.

Mucic Acid Test Add a few drops of conc. HNO3 to the concentrated test solution or substance directly and evaporate it over a boiling water bath till the acid fumes are expelled. Add a few drops of water and leave it overnight Formation of crystals. The both end carbon groups are oxidized to carboxylic groups. The resultant saccharic acid of galactose is called mucic acid which is insoluble in water. Action of alkalis Moores Test When a solution of reducing sugar is heated with an alkali( N a O H ) , i t t u r n s y e l l o w t o o r a n g e a n d f i n a l l y d a r k b r o w n , liberatingthe odor of caramel. T h i s i s d u e t o t h e l i b e r a t i o n o f a l d e h y d e w h i c h subsequentpolymerizes to form a resinous substance, caramel.Glucose, fructose or mannose when allowed to stand inthepresence of weak alkali (BaOH) is converted into a mixturecontaining all the three sugars and whichever one of them isusedthe same proportion of the three sugars is always reached ate q u i l i b r i u m . T h i s t a u t o me r i c c h a n g e i s k n o w n a s L o b r y d e Bruynvon Eckenstein Transformation, in which anyone sugar is readilyconverted to the other two forms.