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LAWS OF

EXPONENTS
Product Rule
-multiplying powers with
same bases
• a m
• a =a
n m+n

5 • 5 = (5•5)(5•5•5)
2 3

=5 2+3
=5 5
Quotient Rule
-dividing powers with
same bases
2. a = a
m m–n
, a≠0
an
5 / 5 = 5•5•5•5•5 = 5
5 2 5-2

5•5 =5 3
Examples:
• x •x =
5 7

2. m n • m n =
12 3 4 11

3. 2 b =
6 9

2b
2 2

4. 7 c / 7 c =
8 15 4 12
Examples:
5. s t • s t =
13 6 5 8

s t
10 3

6. a b • a c d =
11 7 14 4 9

2 a b cd
2 12 3 2

7. q r • q r /q r =
5 15 3 8 4 12
Zero Exponent
Rule
3. a = a
m m–m
= a , a≠0
0

a
m
7 / 7 = 7•7•7•7 = 7
4 4 4-4

7•7•7•7
= 7 =1
0
Negative
Exponent Rule
4. a –m
= 1 , a≠0
am
3 = 3 • 3 • 3 • 3 =3
4 4–7
1
3 3•3•3•3•3•3•3 =
7
3 3
Examples:
• p •p =
5 –7

2. t u • t u =
0 –4 4 –1

3. 3 s =
9 0

3 s
12 –2

4. 5 k / 5 k =
-3 4 4 –6
Examples:
5. a b • a b =
–3 – 6 5 8

a b
–2 2

6. m n •2 m n =
–5 6 –2 –3 –5

2 m n •m n
–5 0 –5 2 3

7. p s • p s /p s =
–2 – 7 – 4 8 –6 0
Power of Power
5. (a ) = a
m n mn

(5 ) = (5•5)(5•5)(5•5)
2 3

=5•5•5•5•5•5=5 1+1+1+1+1+1

= 5 •5 •5 5
2 2 2= 2+2+2
=56
Power of Product
6. (ab) = a b
m m m

(3b) = (3•b)
3 3

= (3•b)(3•b)(3•b)
=3•3•3•b•b•b=3 1+1+1
•b 1+1+1

= 3 •b 27b
3 3= 3
Power of Quotient
7. a m
=am
, b≠0
b bm
2s = (2s)(2s)(2s)
3

t t•t•t
= 2•2•2•s•s•s= 2 s = 8s
3 3 3

t•t•t t 3
t 3
Examples:
• (2a b ) =
2 3 3

2. (p / q ) =
2 4 4

3. 3 m =
2 5 3

3m3 2

4. (4 r / 4 r ) =
3 4 4 6 3
Examples:
5. c d • 2 c
2 6 5 7 4
-
2cd
3 2 2

6. x y •2 x y
5 6 2
-
3 5 3

2 xy • x y
5 5 2 3

7. h k • h k / h k =
2 7 5 2 7 3
Examples:
• (q • r ) =
5 –7 3

2. (w x • w x ) =
0 –3 3 3 4

3. 3 s2 –3 5
-
3s
4 –2

4. (5 k / 5 k ) =
–2 4 –2 –6 2
Examples:
5. a b • a b
–3 – 6 5 8 –3
-
a b
–2 2

6. t v •2 t v -
–6 0 – 4 – 2 –4 2

2 t v •t v
–4 0 –3 5 7

7.(c d • c d /c d ) -
–4 –3 –2 0 –6 -3 4

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