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Algebra and Functions

n m n m
a a a
+
=

m n
a a
m
n
=
( )
mn
n
m
a a =

n m n m
a a a

=
1
0
= a

m
m
a
a
1
=

) )( (
2 2
y x y x y x + =

a
a
a
=
1


Quadratic Functions
Solve by factorising,
completing the square or by use
of the quadratic formula.
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
2
b b
x bx x + = +

a
ac b b
x
2
4
2

=


Equations and Inequalities


sign the reverse negatives by dividing When
4
4


a
a

Use a sketch to solve quadratic
inequalities.

Curve Sketching
axis in the ) ( x a a x f +
axis in the ) ( y a a x f +
axis in the stretch ) (
a
1
x ax f
axis in the stretch ) ( y a a x f
axis in flip ) ( x x f
axis in flip ) ( y x f


Co-ordinate Geometry

0 = +
+ =
by ax
c mx y


1 2
1 2
x x
y y
m

=

1
1
x x
y y
m

=

m
1
Gradient lar Perpendicu =
Sum of perpendicular gradients
is -1

Sequences and Series
Arithmetic/Recurrence
relationships
+ =
+
k k U U
n n

1

d n a U
n
) 1 ( + =
( ) [ ] ( ) L a
n
d n a
n
S
n
n
+ = + = =

2
1 2
2
1


Differentiation

point. a at
gradient the is ) ( ' , ) ( curve a For x f x f


dx
dy
x f = ) ( '

1
) ( '
) (

=
=
n
n
nax x f
ax x f


2
2
) ( ' '
dx
dy
x f =

Integration

+
+
=
+
C
n
x
k dx kx
n
n
1
1