c Consider two arbitrary angles, = arctan ( a 3) and = arctan ( d 3). Adding them, b ad+bc we get = arctan ( bd3ac 3).

3). First, we show that adding two single periods produces a double period. Since both periods are single periods, 3 divides the denominators of both and . Thus 3 | b and 3 | d, but since
a b

and

c d

need to be simplied, 3 a and 3 c. Thus 3 ac and 3 | bd. So, 31 is the

greatest power of 3 that we can factor out of the denominator of . Since 3 | b and 3 | d, 3 | (ad + bc). Thus at least 31 can be factored out of the numerator. After reducing the the fraction in to simplest form, the 3 in the denominator will cancel, so 3 Therefore will produce a double period. Next, we show that adding two double periods produces a double period. Since both periods are double periods, 3 does not divide the denominators of and . Thus 3 b and 3 d. So 3 bd, and, consequently, 3 (bd + 3ac). Therefore will produce a double period. Finally, we show that adding a double period and a single period produces a single period. Without loss of generality, consider to be the single period and to be the double period. Then 3 a, 3 | b, and 3 d. Thus 3 ad, and, consequently, 3 (ad + bc). Since 3 | b, 3 | bd. Thus, because of the 3 being multiplied by ac, 3 | (bd 3ac). 3 doesnt divide the numerator and 3 divides the denominator, so is a single period. (bd 3ac).