Lessons 91 To 100 C

Lessons 91 to 100
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Learning Sanskrit by Fresh Approach Lesson No. 100
Posted in Learning Sanskrit by fresh approach, Lessons 91 to 100, Lessons 91 to 100 by slabhyankar
on February 29, 2012
Learning Sanskrit by Fresh Approach - Lesson No. 100

)

(

There is a proverb in almost all languages, similar in meaning to shallow water makes much noise.
The theme can be paraphrased in following sentences. Let me try along side translating the theme into
Sanskrit.
(1) A water-container when full
#
will not make noise |
(2) When half-full ' () #-#
it would make much sound |
(3) A wise person need not (or should not) show off )
#+ |
(4) Those devoid of merit .
try to impress ) |
The ) I have for reference reads
1. 0# 1
2. 2
3. )4 #
4. ) #6 9.
Here is comparative reading of the translation and the )
# |
0# 1
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' () #-# | 2
)
#+ |
)4 #
. ) | ) #6 9.
Some interesting synonyms are obvious.
= :
: = 1: , : , 9:
= #:
To be able to compose and present a good thought as a ) one would need a good vocabulary. It
seems more important for poets to have Thesaurus than a dictionary. Possibly the concept of a thesaurus owes
its legacy to the ; and , verily gems of Sanskrit literature. Oldest compilation of synonyms is
said to be in ; . But most commonly quoted compilation of synonyms is . So often we find in
commentaries the mention ( ) meaning, this is as per .
Compiled here below are Words for sounds from
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*
It can be seen that when compiling the words of sounds, some analysis of their origin is taken into
consideration. In 1-7-411 there is the mention that the sound in human chest is said to be of 22 types
(--) 4)) | One can undertake study of itself as a subject
of study !
In the ) three words related to sound are used 1:, :, 9: How beautifully poets choose
words of right weightage in right context. When half-full noise 1: of pitcher becomes : ! And prattle of
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the unwise becomes 9: !!

There needs to be a difference between verbatim translation and paraphrasing a thought into another language
in tune with the spirit of that language.
I had translated Those devoid of merit as .
In the ) for the same thought the phrase used is ) #6:
In Sanskrit there are two words and
would usually mean translation
paraphrasing a thought into another language in tune with the spirit of that language. I do not know
of any word in English which has all this meaning of paraphrasing a thought into another language bringing
in the spirit of that language
Doing and not just makes a big difference in presenting the thought.
In the ) one who would not show off is described as )4 . That is interesting. Howsoever
learned )4 a person may be, not to show off has to be the persons character. Ones character is greatly
influenced and moulded by the surroundings. The influence of surroundings is summarized in the word
That is the significance of the two words )4 In Aptes dictionary meaning of the word is
given as (person) of high descent. High descent connotes the cultural environment in the family in which
a person is born and grows. Unknowingly the culture gets imbibed into the personality !

-o-O-o1 comment

on January 20, 2012

)

-
(

Here is a theme emphasizing quality than quantity, emphasizing right effort than wasteful effort.
The theme is Strive for quality, why go about beating the drum ? Just by putting a bell around its neck, you cannot sell a
cow, which does not yield milk.
Let me try translating the theme into Sanskrit.
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1. Strive for quality, A #+

2. why go about beating the drum ? ' ?
3. Just by putting a bell around its neck, ;
4. you cannot sell a cow, D )F or )F
5. which does not yield milk. ' H I
Looks like this can be set into a meter !
A #+
; H ' )
I have attempted the most common meter K where number of syllables in each line should be 8.
To check, first let the verse be put in four quarters A #+ #
#
; #
H ' ) #
This is okay ! To get this I composed in the fourth quarter a somewhat complicated compound word H
.
H = H H ( -') H H (#) >
H
A #+ #
-- -
--
#
-- --
; #
- - ---()
H ' ) #
--- --
The verse should also qualify the Q R S T U # V '4 # X
6#
We have to check of 5th, 6th and 7th syllables in each line.
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1. Value of the 6th syllable has to be in all lines. That is okay.

2. Value of 5th has to be in all lines. It is not so in the first and fourth lines
3. Value of the 7th syllable has to be in 2nd and 4th lines and in first and third lines. Oh ! This is okay
!!
The ) with me is ' A ' |
)F ; : Q).#: ||
The first quarter ' A eliminates the flaw in mine. The word to be understood is '
' #. UZ T
Other words worth studying are (= pride, show of pride) .9.\ ))]
( ) (= frightening, threatening) ) .9.\
))]
)F ) + #. # T
) ) !
;: ; (= bell) _.\ ))]
(= cow) _.\ ))]
Q).#: - Q ).# Q).# (')
- Q Q (= milk)
.\ ))]
- ).# ) + - ' () b 6 . # (= to cast off)
) ).# (= to be cast off, to become devoid of)
.\
))]
- Q).# = devoid of milk
c 1. () A ' = Effort should be done (by man) at qualities
2. ' () ? = What is (achieved) by frightening (or threatening) prides ?
3. Q).#: : ; )F = Cows that are devoid of milk do not get sold by bells (on
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their neck).
Bells to be put around the neck of a cow do not have to be in plural but that matches with prides
which also is in plural.
First and third sentences are in passive voice.
Here are the two verses )
mine
' A ' |
A #+
)F ; : Q).#: || ; H ' )

1. I think is better than ' simply because sounds to be too
much negative an expression.
the drum makes big sound because it is hollow inside. That brings to mind a proverb in
Marathi, but with two Hindi words also in it , House is big, but makes a
hollow living.
2. There is a complicated compound word Q).#: in the ) and H in mine. But the
) has no flaws of the meter.
(So be it)

-o-O-o1 comment

on January 18, 2012

(
)

K-

I have been doing these lessons by taking up verses in Sanskrit and proceeding in a now well-set procedure of
1. breaking conjugations and showing component-words contained in compound words, i.e. .)I #
2. Paraphrase the clauses, i.e. D : D )R
3. Deciphering the compound words, and detailing grammatical analysis of all words, i.e. ):
1 +h )R
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4. Translation into English, i.e. \H :

5. Deciphering the meter i.e. h-)R
6. Notes, i.e. 'i
Just a fresh thought occurs, whether it is time now to do own prose composition of a theme and see how
good it can match with a known good verse, i.e. a ) . Sounds exciting to attempt !
Theme - Drops make an ocean. That is how, drop by drop, knowledge, good conduct and wealth should be
cultivated and acquired.
To compose this theme in Sanskrit is practically to attempt its translation in Sanskrit. Let me try.
1. Drops make an ocean. ) or )- I or ) #.
2. In Marathi, there is a similar proverb. j j Drops and drops accumulate to become a
lake.When reading this out to my wife she said, why not say, ) ! In deserts, even drops
of water are scarce. There would be neither lake nor ocean in the desert ! If you ignore drops, you
cannot think of ocean !
3. She added another angle, by reversing the phrases, , ) ! If there is no ocean ,
there is no evaporation; no rising of evaporation to become clouds; no clouds no rains; no rains, no
drops ) !
Oophs ! This is turning out as a fantastic, fresh approach !
Next That is how, drop by drop, knowledge, good conduct and wealth should be cultivated and acquired.
) X+ U )
This reminds of two verses studied earlier Q c )kl
Q )k
- K () Lesson # 18
U )kl
6 #
- ) () Lesson # 19
Here is the verse from which the present theme was drawn ) #
#)k #
- D ~ -
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Some words are worth a detailed study ) ) ) (S-T)

) ) (S-T) -
+ .9.\ (= falling)
' () b 6 )Q (= to step, to be in sequential order)
.9.\ (= sequential order) I - ') (= by
sequential order, gradually)
# '' () b 6 ' () b 6 6 i (= to fill)
#. # T
.9.\
This word has many shades of meaning.
Here the context is of how righteous conduct should be cultivated; how knowledge should be acquired;
how wealth should be acquired. So, here seems to mean method of acquiring or cultivating
#)k # )k #)k (#)
# # .c-n # ) _.\ ))]
n '4- (?)
Since # here is a numerical adjective, I wonder whether this compound can rather be called a
'4- instead of #
#)k = all (any) (branch of, topic of) knowledge
# # (= righteous conduct) .9.\ S ))]
Translation of the verse would be ) # = A pitcher gets filled by falling of drops gradually.
#)k # = That (is) the way of all knowledge, of righteous conduct and of
wealth.
And my composition was ) #. ) X+ U )
It is the command over diction and smart choice of words like ) , , # and fitting them
into a rhythm of a meter, that make the theme into a verse ! A verse is musical and becomes easy to recite
and remember ! It should be committed to memory, when the theme is so appealing !
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-o-O-o2 comments
Learning Sanskrit by fresh approach Lesson No. 97

Posted in Learning Sanskrit by fresh approach, Lessons 91 to 100 by slabhyankar
on October 16, 2011

(
)

X -

At the forum samskrita@googlegroups.com an interesting discussion emerged on the following ) . . )h
\] #
Exercise 1 Rewrite these by breaking conjugations and showing component-words contained in compound
words.

.-)I # #
: : : : . )h
: \] :
1. . . = : : : : .
: : = : ()#-)
: : = .: ()#-)
: : = : ()#-)
: . = . ()#-)
2. = : ()#-)
3. # = : ()#-)
all .-s are )#--s !
Exercise 2 Paraphrase the clauses
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D
D D
D ) R

1. ()h)
2. ()h) :
3. ()h) :
4. () )h : : .
5. : ()h ) ,
6. ( ) ()h ) \],
7. :
D
D ) R Analysis of clauses D- q ,
\
# + ,
'
)h
)h
)h
)h
.
()
()
:
:
:
()h )
()
()h )
\]

) 1 + h ) R
Exercise Decipher the compound words, and detail grammatical analysis of all words
From the words to be studied are underlined. Many words which have been studied earlier quite often
need not be detailed every time.
1. ()h)
2. ()h) :
3. ()h) :
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4. () )h : : .
5. : ()h ) ,
6. ( ) ()h ) \],
7. :
)h )r ' () b (= )9 to gain, to acquire) )

.\ ) )h (= what is acquired, wealth) S ))]
' () b (= to give, to donate) (= giving,
donation, philanthropy)
.\ ))]
' () b (=' h to be) b-# T
: T' () b (= to enjoy, to consume) (=
enjoyment, consumption) .9.\ ))]
: '' () b b (= # to become non-existent)
(= destruction) .9.\ ))]
: ) (= three) n ) _.\ ))]
: ' () b (=0 to go) (= going, speed, velocity,
course of movement) _.\ ))]
. ' () b (=' h to be) b-# T
' () b (= to give, to donate) 6
b-# T
\] T' () b (= to enjoy, to consume) 6
b-# T

\H
\H
Exercise 4 Give Translation / Overall meaning 1. ()h) = Giving becomes of wealth
2. ()h) : = Enjoyment becomes of wealth
3. ()h) : = Non-existence becomes of wealth
4. () )h : : . = (Like this) there are three courses for wealth
5. : ()h ) , = He who does not give wealth
6. ( ) ()h ) \], = (Or he, who) does not enjoy wealth
7. : = Such person suffers the third course
Overall Meaning -
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Wealth can be (1) given; it can be (2) enjoyed or it can (3) suffer destruction. Like this there are three courses
or options for wealth.
He, who has wealth (but) neither gives nor enjoys, (himself) suffers the third course destruction !
Exercise 5 In what meter is this verse composed ?

+
+ .
. h .
. ?
To decipher the meter we set the verse in four quarters #
- - -
. )h #
- -- -- --()
\] #
-- -
# #
- -- ----()
#- h Q 4 )
K '4 # V #
Exercise 6 Comments, Notes, Observations, if any.

' i
- In the first line, three courses/options of what can happen to wealth from the doers action are detailed. In
the second line, what can happen to the doer, by improper action of doer with the wealth. This transposition
of action from the acted upon to the actor is a sort of poetic figure of speech #\ Some 102
#\-s are listed at http://sanskritworld.in/alankara/ along with hyperlinks to explanations and
examples of most of them. The #\ here may qualify to be called as t)h
- This ) does not speak about how wealth can grow. There is another ) which tells about
wealth of knowledge, which just doesnt get spent. # # v t
+ # )k # This was studied in Lesson # 16.
-
When counting syllabic instants for the last quarter, # it should be noted that
they were counted as - -- ----()
The count for in # is 2. This is because the next letter # has two consonants together.
But count for in is only 1. The following letter does not have two consonants. It is
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actually + (consonant + short vowel) and not + T (= as in ) . Care has to be taken when
pronouncing . It must not be pronounced with any stress or emphasis on . Unwarranted
stress on may cause to get pronounced as . That will be wrong.

!
-o-O-oTagged with: Lesson 97
leave a comment

on June 22, 2011

(
)

b -

One Mr. Brian Ruppenthal wanted to know where one can find the context of the phrase )

Dr. H. N. Bhat provided the complete verse. And it is a good ) to study in these lessons.
) ' )
' )t 1 ' ('# .)
words.

.-)I # #
) ' ) -
' )t 1 ' ('# .)
1. ' ) = ') (+V-)
2. = - (-)
3. = (+V-)
4. '# = '-#
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The first is not actually shown. It can be seen that when putting the verse into four quarters, the words
' and ) would be at the end of first quarter and at the beginning of second quarter respectively.
Hence it becomes better to leave them to be without their ..

D
D D
D ) R

1. () ' ) -D
2. ) - () -D
3. 1 )t ' ' -D
D
D ) R Analysis of clauses -
D\
q ,

#
'
()
'
1 )t
()
-
'
'

) ) 1 + h ) R
) D

D D
D \H
\H -
Exercise 3
3 A) Detail the analyses of clauses, decipher the compound words, and detail grammatical
analysis of all words
3 B) Give translations into English for all clauses and sentences
1. () ' )
2. ) ()
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3. 1 )t ' '
4. '#
) .9.\ ))]
- (
) -T
- (= the personage regarded as the progenitor of human race) .9.\
- ( 6 = ahead from the one) Z )y (= ahead from
Manu)
- (= to be born) ) (= born)
.9.\ ))]
- = descendant of Manu, human being, any person. (Has the English word Man also a
derivation from Manu ?
' (= to do) _.\ ' (= action) '4 ))]

(= in a hurry) +
) ) + (= to do, to indulge in) 6 )Z T

.\
) ) .9.\ ))]
- ) ) -T
- ) ) + ) , (= to discern) .9.\ ) (= discretion)
))]
- ) = indulgence without discretion
_.\ S ))]
- #
- (= extreme) ) _.\ ))]
- + (= to befall) _.\ (= trouble)
S ))]
- = extreme trouble
(= step)
.\ ))]
1 -1 ) _.\ ))]
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- 1 1 -T
- (= characteristics, usually a virtue) .9.\ ))]

- 1 (= to entice) ) 1 _.\
(= enticed) ))]
- 1 = enticed by virtue, enticed by virtuosity
r (= wealth, glory) _.\ ))]
)t )t )y ) .9.\ '4 ))]
- ) )t = one who acts on exercising discretion
- ) ) + (= to discern) + ) (= on
exercising discretion)
, , (= to choose, to favour) 6 #
T
'# )y )
.\ ))]
- ' # '# -44
- '# '# )y )
- ' ' (= ) .9.\ ))]
- '# = something which is related to Kiraata and Arjuna

\H
\H
Exercise 4 Give Translation / Overall meaning () ' )
One should not indulge in action in a hurry.
) - ()
Indiscretion becomes a step towards extreme troubles
1 )t ' '
Glory (good results) always enticed by virtuosity prefer one who exercises discretion.

+
+ .
. h .
. ?
To decipher the meter we set the verse in four quarters ) ' #
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) #
' )t #
1 ' #
') h ? It has been suggested that the word ' in the last line is extra. The last line is hence to
be read as 1 # Then there emerges a discipline of alternate lines being of
# and . This is then )-h . Thanks to Dr. Avinash Sathye for pointing out that exactly this
verse is quoted in Aptes dictionary as example of )-h .
Category of h wherein similarity is by parts is called as #h. )-h is a meter in this
category.

' i
- '# is a poem composed by poet ). It is based on an incident mentioned in
-
Following information is obtained from http://sa.wikipedia.7val.com/wiki/'#
) t
'# )
) )
) + .
.6 ) ;6
#
# . ) )

t
'# . KZ Z )]
'# . ' 6 . .QX )
9 + ' . '
'# .DK . +Q ) - #- 6- -6 ) # #
D '#
#
# y . + # ) + ) R
#
l R h
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( ?)
'.
-
The R: composed using only single consonant makes an interesting study, though a tough one. We
shall attempt it in the next lesson.
-- In a book The wonder that is Sanskrit published by Sri Aurobindo Society, Pondicherry in
association with Mapin Publishing, Ahmedabad I notice the third word mentioned as in place of
mentioned at http://sa.wikipedia.7val.com/wiki/'#
-- I did notice some errors in the extract from http://sa.wikipedia.7val.com/wiki/'#
quoted above. I already corrected them above. That leaves room to believe that as mentioned in
the book The wonder that is Sanskrit may be more correct.
- The mention #
is a part of a shloka which brings out specialties of different Sanskrit poets.
#
It reads as follows #

#
.; .
- In the note under (
-
) it is mentioned that ) was not the real name of the poet. It was his pen
name. See ) .
I am left wondering about the coining of the pen name as ). I guess it could have been derived as
) ) One who shines like the sun !
- I seek guidance on the name of the meter of this )

!
-o-O-oTagged with: 96, )
1 comment

on June 16, 2011

)

V (

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It has been a long time since I posted Lesson No. 94. I have been traveling around a bit too much.
When studying R of |q6 I realized the importance of , , 1

It became opportune that Mr. G.S.S. Murthy had posted this message to samskrita@googlegroups.com
I learnt the following verse from an elderly scholar of my village during my boyhood:
} # '
} # '
Where is the need for medicines if one is following strict diet? Of what avail is any medicine if one does not
adhere to his diet?
I learnt the following from my Sanskrit teacher:
+# V6
+# V6
If one has studied Mahabhashya, there is no need to study Padamanjari. If one has not studied Mahabhashya
there is no use of studying Padamanjari. (An acerbic comment indeed!)
Both the verses are good for a study.
} # '
} # '
+# V6
+# V6
words.

.-)I # #
} -# ' -
} -# ' -
- +# -V6
+# -V6
1. # = -# (-)
2. ' = ' (+V-)
3. } = } (-)
4. = - (+V-)
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D
D D
D ) R

1. } ( } .) -X-] -D
2. () # - ' ( ) ?
3. } ( } .) -X-] -D
4. # - ' ( ) ?
5. ( ' () -X-] -D
6. ( '# ) V6 +# () -D
7. ( ' ) -X-] -D
8. ( '# ) V6 +# () -D
D
D ) R Analysis of clauses -
D\
q ,

#
'
'
'
'#
V6
#
-
#
-
'
+#
'
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'#
V6
+#

) ) 1 + h ) R
) D

D D
D \H
\H -
Exercise 3
3 A) Detail the analyses of clauses, decipher the compound words, and detail grammatical
analysis of all words
3 B) Give translations into English for all clauses and sentences
} ( } .), () # - ' ( ) ?
} ( } .) # - ' ( ) ?
( ' () ( '# ) V6 +# ()
( ' ) ( '# ) V6 +# ()
} (= to walk a way) ? )# ) (?) 0.\
} (= the way to be walked, a control (especially of diet) to be exercised) X ))]

# # ) .9.\ S ))]
- # # -T
- (= illness, disease) .9.\ ))]
- # # (= anxious) ) .9.\ ))]
0.\ ))]
- = S-T
- (= medicine) _.\ S ))]
- + (= to consume)
.\ (=
consumption) ))]
- = consuming medicine
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+ (= to have purpose)
.\ (= purpose)
))]
)
.\ X ))]
- = -T
- (= to be, to exist) # ) (= existing)

.\
- = when not existing
+ + , , (= not to study) )
(= not studied)
.\ X ))]

.\ X ))]
- = #
- (= great) )
.\ ))]
- (= to speak, to comment) )# )
.\ ) (= commentary) ))]
- = The great commentary. The term usually refers to the great commentary by
V- on the K by .. The commentary by V- has the title
+-
V6 _.\ ))]
- V6 = V6 S-T
- (= a step, a crisp statement)
.\ S ))]
- V6 (= sprouting, a charming spread) _.\ ))]

- V6 = a charming spread of crisp statements. This usually refers to K by .. The
statements are so crisp that only great commentaries such as +- by V-
help to understand full import of each statement,
+# +# (= fruitless, meaningless) ) _.\ +# ))]

- ) # = +#
- ) ) + (= to go away) ) ) (= gone
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away, lost) .9.\ ))]

- # # (= meaning, significance) .9.\ ))]
- +# = ) # =that from which meaning, significance is lost.

\H
\H
Exercise 4 Give Translation / Overall meaning Mr. GSS Murthy did give translation of the verses. However I have added some words in brackets, which, I
think, explain the meaning better.
} ( } .), () # - ' ( ) ?
Where is the need for medicines if one is following strict diet?
} ( } .) # - ' ( ) ?
Of what avail is any medicine if one does not adhere to his diet?
( ' () ( '# ) V6 +# ()
If one has studied Mahabhashya, there is no need to study Padamanjari (separately).
( ' ) ( '# ) V6 +# ()
If one has not studied Mahabhashya there is no use of studying Padamanjari.

+
+ .
. h .
. ?
To decipher the meter we set the verse in four quarters } # #
' #
} # #
' #
#
+# V6 #
#
+# V6 #
K Q R S T U # V '4 -# X
6#
The meter is not analyzed because it is K only.

' i
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- The verses exemplify charming use of -X

-
The first line of the first verse seems to suggest that diet control can eliminate need for medicine, even
for an afflicted person, #. This seems to be somewhat far-fetched. But such overtures are normally
excused to poets. \ !
-
References implied behind the words and V6 are already detailed at - and -.
However this logic of learning any great text, rather an encoded text V6 by learning its is a
great suggestion.
-- Every ) being studied is a V6 of sorts. And study here is at least a if not a

- The lines ' in verse 1 and +# V6 in verse 2 are repeated in each verse. But
does one sense some difference in their meanings in respective contexts ?
- We use the word +# so naturally that its derivation is hardly ever dwelt upon. The derivation of the
word +# however appealed to me to be somewhat interesting, especially a special shade of meaning of the
prefix ). Usually one finds this prefix to mean ) = )
or ) = ) However, here its meaning ) =
) fits in more appropriately. Is not that some charming joy of learning each word very much by
its derivation ?

!
-o-O-oTagged with: 95, , } #
4 comments

on April 1, 2011

(
)

#

Recently an interaction at samskrita@googlegroups.comdwelt upon the following ) of #t .Q+# v
) +
)k

';# #..
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One finds an optional version where 1. In the third line )k is replaced by

2. In the fourth line is replaced by
.Q+# v
) +

';# #..
Exercise 1 Rewrite this ) by breaking conjugations and showing component-words contained in
compound words.

.-)I # # )
.Q: + v
) +:
)k -
'; #
.Q: + v
) +:
-
'; #
1. .Q+# = .Q: + ()#-)
2. + = +: ()#-)
3.
= - (+V-)
4. ';# = '; # (+V-) (-)
5. = ()#-)
Exercise 2 (a) Paraphrase the clauses
2 (b) Analyse the clauses, identifying the main parts of speech i.e. verbs and participles (verbal derivatives)
and subject, object / compliment, conjunctions.

* D ?
#
#
* - ?
* ' ?
* # ?
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Lessons 91 to 100
28 of 48
* # ?
- 1. .Q: + v
2. ) +:
3. )k ( ) -
4. ( ) '; #
5. ( ) (.)
- .Q: + v
-- #.-. ' v
-- # +
-- #t- # .Q #.- -)D
- ) +:
-- #.-. '
-- # +:
-- #t- # ) #.- -)D
- )k ( ) -
-- #.-. ) y

-- )
- ( ) '; #
-- ' #
-- # ( )
-- # ';
- ( ) (.)
-- # ' .
-- # ( )
--
11/05/2012 2:44 PM
Lessons 91 to 100
29 of 48
Exercise 3 Decipher the compounds and detail etymology and declensions of all words

) 1 +h )R
.Q
. Q : + v
.Q
- .Q: (= to eat, to consume) I# Q
(= to wish eating,
to be hungry) ) .Q (= hungry) .9.\ ))]

- + ) + + (= to analyze, to detail)
.\ +
(= analysis, scientific research, grammar) ))]
- (= no, not) +
- v (= to eat, to consume) #.- 6 #
T
) +
+ :

- ) (= to drink) I# ) (= to wish to drink)
) ) (= thirsty) .9.\ ))]
- +: + .9.\ ))]
-- + + S-T
-- + (= to compose, to paint, to picturise) )#
)
.\ ) + (= imagery, poetry, poem) S ))]

-- (= to taste, to relish, to be juicy) .9.\ (=
juice, flavour, essence, relish) ))]
-- +: = relish of poetry
- (= to drink) #.- 6 # T
) k (
)
-
- = -
-- ' (= what, who) # # .9.\ ))]
-- (= any)
-- = anyone
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Lessons 91 to 100
30 of 48
- )k )r (= to know, to gain knowledge) )# ) )k (=

what should be known) _.\ ) )k (= knowledge) ))]
- (= or) +
- r (= to please, to gratify, to be delighted in)
.\
(= fancy)
- (= family)
.\ '4 ))]
- y
+ , (= to uplift) ) y
(= uplifted)

.\ ))]
(
) ' ;
; #
# .
.
. D
D -- r (= pronoun of second person, you)
# .9.\ ))]
- '; '; (= diamond, wealth)
.\ '4 ))]
- (= only) +
- # - (= to procure, to earn) UZ T
(
)
.

(
.
. )
- (= to hold, to bear, to reckon, to think of) _.\ (=
art, skill) ))]
- (= quality) .9.\ ))]
- #' ) .9.\ ))]
-- ( ) + =
-- ( ) (= not having) #
-- (= fruit)
.\
-- = -' =bearing no fruit, fruitless
- . (= to be, to become) # T
Exercise 4 Arrange the ) in prose syntax and give its translation into English

\H-
.Q: + v = Grammar cannot be eaten by the hungry, i.e. hunger cannot be quelled by
grammar
- ) +: = Nectar of poetry cannot be drunk by the thirsty, i.e. thirst cannot be
quenched by nectar of poetry
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Lessons 91 to 100
31 of 48
- )k ( ) - = No one can uplift ones family (merely) by

knowledge and intelligence (or by poetry).
- ( ) '; # = (You) better earn wealth.
- ( ) (.) = Artistic skills (or mere qualities) will bear no fruit.

+ . h . ?
We have to first put the verse in four quarters .Q+# v #
(--)-(--)-(- ) (--)
---
) + #
(--)-( -)-(- ) (--)
---

#
( -)-( -)-(--)-(--)
---
';# #
(--)-(--) ( -) (--)
---
)- ) U
Q )
Exercise 6 What type of literary style is used here ?

. .c 1\ #\ ) . ?
- In the third line the interrogative is intelligently employed to suggest the negative.
- The use of passive voice in lines 1 and 2 seems to help bring forth strikingly the ironies between hunger
and indulgence in grammar and between thirst and indulgence in poetic imagery
Exercise 7 What moral is learnt from this ) ?

. ) 'K. ?
- The ) summarises practical wisdom about foremost need to earn wealth to first satisfy at least
the basic necessities.
' i
- In economics, human wants are classified into three categories needs, comforts and luxuries. The
11/05/2012 2:44 PM
Lessons 91 to 100
32 of 48
) suggests that satisfaction of comforts and luxuries should be only after basic needs are satisfied.
Thus, it prioritizes objectives of human endeavor.- The conclusion ( ) (.)
however does not seem convincing. There are many people who employ their artistic skills to be the means of
their livelihood also. Or, this phrase can be translated to mean, artistic skills (or good qualities) are
meaningless, if one cannot satisfy basic necessities.
- Conventional meaning of the word + is grammar. However considering that its derivation is from
the verb () + + ) it can as well be interpreted as analysis, scientific research. Thus + need
not be a mere academic engagement. It can very much be a professional involvement.
- Between the two versions for line 3 (1) )k y

(2) y

the second one seems to be less controversial, especially considering to mean being fanciful i.e. to
be lost in ones own fancies, which certainly is not any appropriate endeavor.
- Between the two versions for line 4, (1) (2) the first one seems less
controversial. i.e. qualities, rather, virtues should never be deemed to be However may
prove if one does not get opportunities to exhibit them to right audience, who will reward them
appropriately.
- There have been many kings and emperors who rewarded poets, artists, etc. It comes to mind how
important it is to have stable sociopolitical environment and flourishing economy, which can help arts also to
thrive. The ) seems to very much suggest this that in an economy where hunger and thirst are
ravaging the social life, more exalted human endeavours of grammar, scientific research, poetry, arts, etc.
cannot thrive.
- Recent (March 2011) instances of Tsunami and earthquakes and damage to nuclear reactors in Japan also
bring home the truth of this ) For the people ravaged by the calamities, the first and foremost
concern is security of life. There is a proverb in Hindi 6 meaning, If the head is
in its place, it can wear fifty different hats. The ) is interesting and meaningful for its message,
emphasizing the need to prioritize objectives of human endeavor.

-o-O-oTagged with: 94, .Q+#
3 comments
11/05/2012 2:44 PM
Lessons 91 to 100
33 of 48

on March 25, 2011

)

)
) (

My other blog study of Sanskrit and GeetA together keeps me so engrossed that this Lesson No. 93 is
happening after a long time. By the way, this lesson is prompted by a definition of the word # provided
by Dr. H. N. Bhat of Pondichery as a comment on shloka-s in first of |q6 which have the
word #. Here is the definition of an # _# )
l Q
compound words.

.-)I # # )
_-# )
: l Q
1. _# = _-#
2. ) = )
3. =
4. = :
5. # = #
Exercise 2 (a) Paraphrase the clauses
2 (b) Analyse the clauses, identifying the main parts of speech i.e. verbs and participles (verbal derivatives)
and subject, object / compliment, conjunctions.

#
#
* D ?
* - ?
* ' ?
* # ?
* # ?
- -
11/05/2012 2:44 PM
Lessons 91 to 100
34 of 48
1. (:) _-#
2. (:) )
3. :
4. l Q
- (:) _-#
' # (:) # _-#
- (:) )
' # (:)
- :
' # :
- () l Q
' Q # () #

) 1 +h )R
(
:) _
_ #
# .
.
D . D
- (= which, what, who) # .9.\ ))]
- _# _# .9.\ '4 ))]
-- _. # _# -4 4
-- _. (= to regulate)
.\ _ (= science)
))]
-- # # (= meaning, interpretation, wealth, essence underlying various fields of knowledge)
.9.\ ))]
-- _# = sciences and essence underlying various fields of knowledge
- + (= to collect, to gather, to detail, to explain) #
T
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Lessons 91 to 100
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- (= and) +
(
:) ) .
.
. D
D - + (= to behave) .9.\ (= behavior, conduct)
X ))]
- (= to stand) (= to set up) # T

- ) (= also) +
: .
.
. D
D - (= but, whereas) +
- (= by oneself) +
- + 6 (= to behave, to conduct oneself) #
T
(
)
l
l Q .
.
D . D
- (= that, he, she, it) # .9.\ '4 ))]
- .9.\ ))]
-- -T
-- (= first human, Adam) .9.\ S ))]
-- (= to be born) ) (= born)
.9.\ ))]
-- = a descendant of Manu (or Adam, hence,) a man, person of human race
- # + 6 (= to behave, to conduct oneself) .9.\
# (= precept, Guru, teacher) '4 ))]
- Q + Q (= to see, to regard) # T

\H-
- (:) _-# = He, who explains sciences and essence underlying various fields of
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Lessons 91 to 100
36 of 48
knowledge
- (:) ) = he, who imbibes them in the conduct (of the disciples)
- : = he, who exemplifies by his own conduct
- l Q = (only such) person is to be regarded as a precept.

+ . h . ?
We have to first put the verse in four quarters _# #
) #
#
l Q #
K Q R S T U # V '4 -# X
6# This K is so commonly used for composing ) and we have analyzed it so
often, that I may not detail the analysis every time.

. .c 1\ #\ ) . ?
. The statements in this verse are plain statements without any literary decorations.

. ) 'K. ?
- The ) presents a definition of an #.
' i
- What appeals to me, to be the most important aspect of this definition of an # is his exemplifying his
precepts by his own conduct.
- There are three nouns derived from the verb ) (i.e. thoughts) I (i.e. speaking or words)
(i.e. actions, conduct). A person fit to be called as # has to exemplify unanimity in mind, word
and deed.
- Opening sentence in a lesson in a textbook, which I studied as a schoolboy, has stayed stuck in my
memory. The sentence was Gandhiji taught by example.
11/05/2012 2:44 PM
Lessons 91 to 100
37 of 48
- We do need precepts when embarking on exploring any field of knowledge. A person fit to be an #
and a person fit to be his needs a good match between the two. In a sermon a saintly person said,
People want to call me a T. But only those persons can call me as their T, whom I would accept to be my
. A match between a T and a seems to be essentially a one-to-one correspondence, which may
often happen only providentially, especially on the path of spiritual progress.

-o-O-o2 comments

on February 14, 2011

)

'4
'4 (

A lot of discussion was prompted by the following ) posted recently at samskrita@googlegroups.
Here is a study of the ) S S
+ k V
#c c Uc
+. )
compound words.

.-)I # # )
S S
+ k V
#: : U:
+. ' )
Exercise 2 (a) Identify verbs and participles (verbal derivatives) and paraphrase the related clauses
11/05/2012 2:44 PM
Lessons 91 to 100
38 of 48
2 (b) Analyse the clauses, identifying the main parts of speech i.e. subject, object / compliment, conjunctions.

() ' , D ?
() #, #, ?
- S S
# ' # S S
- V k
# S S
k # - +
' + # S S
- #: : U: +.
#: : U: -D # #: :
U:
(#: : U: ) +. -D ' +.
# (#: : U: )
- ) ' (.)
' . # )

) 1 +h )R
- (= as, like) +
- S S (= wood, log of wood)
.\ ))]
- + + (= to come together) UZ T '4
- (= large reservoir of water, ocean)
.\ X
))]
-- = -T
-- = #
When is
# of a compound word, it is, in some instances substituted by
+ =
-- (= water)
.\
has no forms in first five cases. Instead, forms of are used.
In it is object of verb Hence the form is '4 ))]
-- (= to store) # T
11/05/2012 2:44 PM
Lessons 91 to 100
39 of 48
-- (= large) ) .9.\ ))]

- + + (= to come together, to meet) +
(= on meeting)
- + ) + + + (= to go away, to separate) UZ T
'4
- (= time) .9.\ '4 ))]
- k + r (= to let go) + k (= on letting
go)
- V ( + )
-- ' (= what, who) # .9.\ '4 ))]
-- (= some) .c-n is a suffix denoting indefinite number
often suffixed to forms of the pronoun '
-- V = somewhat
- (= like that) +
- #: # (= wife) _.\ ))]
- (= and) +
- : (= son) .9.\ ))]
- U: U (= to know) _.\ U (= one who is known,
acquaintance, relative) ))]
-- U has also a meaning as a class of people having particular knowledge or skill hence,
caste. People of a caste do have a natural bond of acquaintance among them.
- (= wealth) 0.\ ))]
- +. ) + + (= to separate, to go away) # T

- (= definite) ) .9.\ ))]
- ' (= only) +
- (= this) # .9.\ S ))]
- ) ) (= separation, parting) ) .9.\ )
))]
11/05/2012 2:44 PM
Lessons 91 to 100
40 of 48
-- () ) () = ) '
-- (= to be, to exist) (= existence) .9.\
'4 ))]
-- ) (= without) +

\H-
- S S = Just as logs of wood come together in an ocean
- V k + = staying together and after passage of some time, may
separate
- #: : U: +. = likewise, wives, sons, relatives and
acquaintances and wealth would be (with you) and would go away
- ) ' (.) = their separation, vanishing away is definite (is bound to happen).

+ . h . ?
We have to first put the verse in four quarters S S #
- - - ()
#
--- ---
+ #
-- ---
k V #
---- --()
K Q R S T U # V '4 -# X
6#

. .c 1\ #\ ) . ?
. The example of logs of wood meeting and separating is used as a simile \ to explain the
meeting with and separation from people.
11/05/2012 2:44 PM
Lessons 91 to 100
41 of 48

. ) 'K. ?
- The ) seems to make a simple statement about meeting with and separation from people being a
fact of life. Does it also suggest that one should keep equanimity of mind, especially at times of separation
from near and dear ones ?
' i
- In the discussions at samskrita@googlegroups, Mr. Arvind Kolhatkar provided this alternate version S S
+
- I had contributed the following comment In Aptes dictionary = Being, State of being, Existence.
And ) = Without, Except
So, ) = Being without
Interestingly the sequence of the words seems to get totally altered, when deriving the meaning of ) =
) = separation, parting.
The ) quoted by you brings to mind a Marathi song / poem D
6 '
Two logs may meet in an ocean. One wave breaks them apart . and there is no meeting again !
Does this not really duplicate the wording of this ) ?
I suspect the Marathi poet had this ) only in mind, when composing these lines !
- Actually all the discussion started off by a query about the meaning of the word ) in this
)
Shri. H. N. Bhat provided following detail to explain the word )- , ) 3
n+n
) )
Bhushana by Govindaraja
Tilaka by Nagoji Bhatta or Ramavarma (1730-1810)
11/05/2012 2:44 PM
Lessons 91 to 100
42 of 48
) ) , )
Tirtha or Tattvadipa by Mahesvara Tirtha
Shri. Arvind Kolhatkar also provided the following information Looking for ) on the internet, I came
across the following verse
from , where Rama says to Seeta the following in the context of
mountain:
v )|)#
t
This verse from also makes an interesting study. Without going into complete analysis, first the
verse can be rewritten as follows after breaking the conjugations -)I v )|: )
: t
By prose syntax , t v )| ) ( ) ()
And the meaning becomes (My) fair lady ! On seeing this enchanting mountain, my mind is not worried of eviction from the kingdom,
nor is it worried of separation from near and dear ones !

-o-O-o1 comment

on January 30, 2011

)

(

It was mentioned towards the end of the previous lesson, that the can be appropriate for
signing a treaty at the end of a war. That prompts study of this R in . h
' i
- --
11/05/2012 2:44 PM
Lessons 91 to 100
43 of 48

compound words.

.-)I # # )
. h
' ) :
Exercise 2 (a) Identify verbs and participles (verbal derivatives) and paraphrase the related clauses
2 (b) Analyse the clauses, identifying the main parts of speech i.e. subject, object / compliment, conjunctions.

) ' , D ?
(
(
) #, #, ?
- . ()
' # # .
( ) . ? ( ) . ()
- h (.)
' . # h
- '
' ' #
- (.) () ) (.)
(.) -D ' . #
() () ) (.) -D ' . #


) 1 +h )R
- (= up to death) )
.\ ))]
-- = '
11/05/2012 2:44 PM
Lessons 91 to 100
44 of 48
-- (= to die)
.\ (= death)
))]
-- (= end) .9.\ ))]
- . (= enmity)
.\ ))]
- h + (= to finish, to retire) #.-
) h (= retired, accomplished)
.\ ))]
- r (= pronoun of first person I, we) # S ))]
- + (= to employ, to plan)
.\
(= objective) ))]
- ' (= to do) #.- UZ T
- (= this) # .9.\ S ))]
- + (= to conduct rituals) .9.\ (= rite, ritual)
))]
- r (= pronoun of first person I, we) # S ))]
- ) (= also) +
- : (= this) # .9.\ ))]
- (= as) +
- r (= pronoun of second person you) # S ))]
- (= to regard) )Z T

\H-
- ( ) . () = You (or anybody) should regard enmities to be ending
with death.
- h (.) = Our objective has been achieved.
- ' = Do the rituals for him.
- (.) () ) (.) = He is as much mine as yours.

+ . h . ?
We have to first put the verse in four quarters -
11/05/2012 2:44 PM
Lessons 91 to 100
45 of 48
. #
--- --()
h #
-- -- -
' #
---- --
i #
--- - -()
K Q R S T U # V '4 -# X
6#

. .c 1\ #\ ) . ?
. There are simple, plain statements here.

. ) 'K. ?
- The moral is about how all acrimony towards an enemy should be given up, at the end of war.
- Every vile character is like The Prodigal Son in Bible, misled into wrong behaviour. The words
i He is as much mine as yours. demonstrate the compassion and pardon, the Lord holds
to every errant person.
' i
- As is noted in the introduction, the R is from y; in . In this shloka is telling
) to do the last rites on body of as ordained. ) was hesitant to perform the last rites,
thinking that did not merit the last rites because of the sins committed.
- Characters like in and
2 in appeal to be examples of incorrigible
characters. Since no reason or strategy, even of divine powers works, that they will mend their ways, they
have to be annihilated. But once they are annihilated, there is no point in carrying the acrimony. Acrimony is
again a vile trait. By the message in this R the divine power wards off the vile trait of acrimony from
the noble mind of ).
11/05/2012 2:44 PM
Lessons 91 to 100
46 of 48

-o-O-oleave a comment
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the unwise becomes 9: !!

Learning Sanskrit by Fresh Approach Lesson No. 99

1. Strive for quality, A #+

1. Value of the 6th syllable has to be in all lines. That is okay.

)F ; : Q).#: || ; H ' )

Learning Sanskrit by Fresh Approach Lesson No. 98

4. Translation into English, i.e. \H :

Some words are worth a detailed study ) ) ) (S-T)

Learning Sanskrit by fresh approach Lesson No. 97

Learning Sanskrit by fresh approach Lesson No. 96

Learning Sanskrit by fresh approach Lesson No. 95

- V6 (= sprouting, a charming spread) _.\ ))]

away, lost) .9.\ ))]

- The verses exemplify charming use of -X

Learning Sanskrit by fresh approach Lesson No. 94

One finds an optional version where 1. In the third line )k is replaced by 

- )k )r (= to know, to gain knowledge) )# ) )k (=

- )k ( ) - = No one can uplift ones family (merely) by

Learning Sanskrit by fresh approach Lesson No. 93

Posted in Learning Sanskrit by fresh approach, Lessons 91 to 100 by slabhyankar 

Learning Sanskrit by fresh approach Lesson No. 92

-- (= large) ) .9.\ ))]

Exercise 7 What moral is learnt from this ) ?

Learning Sanskrit by fresh approach Lesson No. 91

Exercise 1 Rewrite this ) by breaking conjugations and showing component-words contained in

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen

Lessons 91 to 100

)F ; : Q).#: || ; H ' )

Some words are worth a detailed study ) ) ) (S-T)

One finds an optional version where 1. In the third line )k is replaced by

- )k )r (= to know, to gain knowledge) )# ) )k (=

- )k ( ) - = No one can uplift ones family (merely) by

Posted in Learning Sanskrit by fresh approach, Lessons 91 to 100 by slabhyankar