Top Notch 3 Level 8

Unit 7

Glossary page 74
Fiction: Books and stories about imaginary people and events Non-Fiction: Books and stories about real people and events Bargains: Something bought for less than its usual price Biography: A book about the life of an important person written by someone else. Paperback: A book that has a soft paper cover. Explosive: Very powerful writing Social landscape: Peoples area, lives, conditions etc. Compassion: Caring for others Hardback / Hardcover: A book that has a hard strong cover. Must-read A piece of writing that is so interesting Masterpiece: A work of high quality Laureate Someone who has been given an important prize/award Bilingual: Written in two languages Suspenseful: A story that makes you want to know what will happen next Literature: All the printed written information; books, newspapers, magazines, articles, leaflets etc. Selection: A lot of choices, or group of choices

Expressions page 75
I cant put it down Its a real page turner Im really into it I cant get into it It doesnt turn me on I find it very interesting I cant stop reading it Im interested in it I dont find it interesting I dont find it exciting

I cant get enough of it

Its not my style

I like it a lot
I dont enjoy this type

Its a cliff-hanger
Its not my type Its a fast read

It has suspense
I find it boring Its not too long

Describe Different Things Associated with Books

Books, Reading and Literature

Discuss with a Partner

Grammar 1 page 76 G11-G12 Noun Clauses Embedded Questions Yes/No- If-Whether Embedded Information Questions

Noun Clause- Embedded Questions

An embedded question is part of a larger sentence. Its another way to express information that is not known. It is like the hidden question of a noun clause. An embedded question is a question that has been changed into a noun clause. An embedded question noun clause can also be within (part) of a real question. Embedded questions can be Yes/No questions or Information questions.

Noun Clause - Yes/No Embedded Questions

I dont know if you are from Iran. I dont know whether you can speak Italian. I dont know if its cold in Afghanistan. I am deciding whether the students need homework. 5. I am not sure if I will cook rice or pasta. 6. I havent decided whether the movie is scary. 7. I wonder if the students are happy. These sentences are embedded questions because they have been changed into noun clauses. They are Yes/No Embedded Questions. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Noun Clause- Embedded Questions

Is it a good movie? This is a real yes/no question. As a noun clause embedded question: I dont know if/whether it is a good movie. Notice that in this form (noun clause) there is NO question mark because it is not a real question. But it acts like a question. It makes the person listening to you want to answer it. We can use either if or whether without any difference in meaning.

Noun Clause- Embedded Questions

I didnt hear what she said.

subject Verb

subject

Verb
NOUN CLAUSE

MAIN CLAUSE

To check the noun clause, we can re-phrase the sentence as I didnt hear it/that

Noun Clause as Objects

To make a question noun clause as an object Did you hear what she said?
To check the noun clause, we can re-phrase the sentence as

Did you hear it/that?

NOUN CLAUSE

Noun Clause- Embedded Questions

Does he like coffee? (real question) I dont know if he likes coffee. (Noun clause embedded
question)

NOUN CLAUSE

I dont know if he does like coffee. X

Auxiliary verbs are not used in the embedded question.

Noun Clause- Embedded Questions

1. 2. 3. 4. I know where he is. I know where is he. X I dont know what did he buy. X I dont know what he bought.

Why are numbers 2 and 3 incorrect? Embedded questions use normal word order Embedded question DO NOT use the auxiliary in the noun clause

Noun Clauses

Embedded Questions Yes/No

Noun Clauses

Noun Clause- Embedded Questions

Noun Clause- Embedded Questions

Noun Clause- Embedded Questions

Noun Clause- Embedded Questions

Embedded information questions start with question words. What are question words?

W6 + How

Wh-

question words

W ho W hat W hen W her e W hich W hy How

Noun Clauses

Noun Clause- Embedded Questions

1. Where did you buy it ?
2 . C a n yo u t e l l m e w h e r e yo u b o u g h t i t ?
Yes/No Question Main Clause Embedded Information Question Noun Clause

Number 1 is a real information question. Number 2 is still a real question because it starts with CAN so it needs a question mark at the end. Note: using modals at the beginning of a sentence makes it a real question. Number 2 can be defined as An Embedded yes/no information question.

Noun Clause- Embedded Questions

More Examples Could you tell me what time it is? Can you tell me if my taxi is here? Do you know when the party starts? I wonder where my pen is. I dont know which class to take. I cant remember what homework I have.

Noun Clause- Embedded Questions

1. Do you know whether we have a test next week? 2. I wonder whether she is finished. 3. I dont remember who my teacher is. 4. Do you remember who my teacher is? 5. They forgot where he put the keys. 6. Can you tell me which floor the doctor is on? 7. Would tell me how the computer works?
Look at numbers 1, 4, 6 and 7. Notice that when a noun clause embedded question is within a real question you use a question mark.

Noun Clause- Embedded Questions with INFINITIVES

Let me know where I can find that information Let me know where to find that information.

Im not sure who I should talk to.

Im not sure who to talk to. Id like to know how I can repair it. Id like to know how to repair it.

DO NOT Use Infinitives after IF or WHY

Im not sure if to talk about it. Im not sure whether to talk about it. Id like to know if to repair it. Id like to know whether to repair it. Let me know if to read the newspaper. Let me know when to read the newspaper. I dont know why to work. I dont know when to work.

Noun Clause- Embedded Questions

Look at these Real Questions & Noun clause embedded Questions

Look at these Real Questions & Noun clause embedded Questions

Embedded Questions

Information Embedded Questions

Yes/No Embedded Questions

Embedded Information Questions

Embedded Question within a STATEMENT

Embedded Question within a STATEMENT

Embedded Question within a main QUESTION

Embedded Question within a main QUESTION

Grammar Self-check page 76

Grammar Self-check page 76

Grammar 2 page 78 G12-G13

Noun Clauses as Direct Objects

Types of Nouns

Nouns have jobs to do.

Nouns Become Subjects

Noun Sentence

Noun Sentence

Nouns as Direct Objects

Nouns as Direct Objects

Nouns as Direct Objects

What is a phrase, clause and sentence?

What is a phrase? A phrase is two or more words related words that work together that do not contain a subject and a verb. Examples in jail big monkey running slowly

What is a phrase, clause and sentence?

What is a clause? A clause is two or more words related that work together and has a subject and a verb. There are two types of clauses 1. Independent (or main) which can stand alone as a sentence 2. Dependant (or subordinate) which can not stand along as a complete sentence. Examples Because he was crazy (dependent clause) The monkey is sick (independent clause)

What is a phrase, clause and sentence?

What is a sentence? A sentence is a group of words that express a complete thought. Some definitions will say that it must have a subject and a verb and final punctuation. Examples: I want to go home now. When is the next movie? Notice that a sentence is a main or independent clause.

YOUR TURN Which are phrases, clauses or sentences? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. What time is it? On the table On the way to the bank We talk. Because Im tired When I go there When I arrive home Run

ANSWERS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. What time is it? (Sentence) On the table (Phrase) On the way to the bank (Phrase) We talk. (Sentence) Because Im tired (Clause) When I go there (Clause) When I arrive home (Clause) Run (None, its just a word)

Your Turn

Ask your partner embedded questions

Embedded Information Questions

Answers

Practice
1. Could you tell me how much ______ ? costs this suit does this suit cost this suit costs does cost this suit 2. Do you have any idea how long_____ out? had they been going they had been going did they go were they going 3. Do you know why _____ closing early today? is the store does the store be will the store be the store is 4. How much money ______ last month? we spent spent we did we spend did we spent 5. I'd like to know what _______. does that word mean that word means that word does mean does mean that word 6. Do you know if _______ ? are classes held on Sunday classes are held on Sunday classes holding on Sunday are classes holding on Sunday

Practice
7. Steven can't remember____ last weekend. what did he do what he did what was he doing what had he done 10. My secretary doesn't remember _____________ a copy of the letter. if he gave me did he give me when did he give me whether did he give me

8. I don't know______ promoted or not. if will I be whether I will be what I be will if I will can
9. I don't know ______ junk food or not. if quit she eating what she quit to eat if she quit eating whether did she quit eating

11. A: What is our new neighbor's name? B: I'm sorry. I don't remember ____________ . what is his name what his name is what's is his name whether his name is
12. Joan can't remember _____ her new gloves. where did she put whether did she put where she put if she put

Practice
13. The patient doesn't remember when _________________ . is his appointment his appointment is does he have an appointment if he has an appointment 14. Could you tell me ___________ ? who is responsible for cleaning the lab who responsible for cleaning the lab is who for the lab responsible is cleaning whose responsibility for the cleaning lab 15. I'm sorry. I don't know _____________. where is the bank where the bank is where has the bank where the bank

Learning Strategy page 77, Conversation

Types of Nouns

Nouns as Direct Objects

Nouns as Direct Objects

What is a noun clause?

A noun clause is a group of words that function as a noun - and play the role of the subject, object, of a sentence. These clauses usually begin with a relative pronoun (that) or how, why, when, if, or whether. Examples Chocolates are unhealthy. (subject) I think (that) chocolates are unhealthy. (object) The noun-clause is the receiver of the nonaction verb THINK, therefore the noun clause is an object.

Nouns Clause Direct Object of a VERB

We studied Relative (adjective) Clauses in Unit 5. In Adjective clauses we are describing the noun. We use WHO or THAT to introduce the adjective clause. In noun clauses we use THAT not to describe something we mentioned before, BUT to show the link to the main clause. We use THAT to introduce the noun clause. If the noun-clause is a direct object, we can remove THAT, but it is not necessary.

Nouns Clause Direct Object of a VERB

Certain verbs especially those verbs which express mental activities or feelings are followed by noun-clauses. This makes the noun-clauses the direct objects of the verbs.

Nouns Clause Direct Object of a VERB

Nouns Clause Direct Object of a VERB

Nouns Clause Direct Object of a VERB

I You We They Know Guess Believe Think Hope Suppose

(that) she has a ticket

This are verbs of mental activity

Direct Object of The verb

Noun Clause

Nouns Clause Direct Object of a VERB

Nouns Clause Direct Object of a VERB

Direct object of the verb KNOW

Know

he passed the test

Non-action verb Mental/feeling

Noun Clause

Nouns Clause Direct Object of a VERB

Direct object of the verb GUESS

guess

(that) she left.

Non-action verb Mental/feeling

Noun Clause

Nouns Clause Direct Object of a VERB

Direct object of the verb HOPE

hope

(that) the car is ready

Non-action verb Mental/feeling

Noun Clause

Connect Unit 6 and Unit 7 Reported/Indirect speech noun clauses

Connect Unit 6 and Unit 7 Reported/Indirect speech noun clauses

Connect Unit 6 and Unit 7 Reported/Indirect speech noun clauses

The verb tense changes to match the time WHEN we are speaking, just in reported speech.

I think it is cold.

I thought that it was cold.

I believe it is easy.

I believed that it was easy.

Replace Noun-Clause with SO

Noun clauses can be replaced with SO in short answers. Yes, I think that she made it 1. Did Pam make it?

I think

so

I dont think Tom made it. 2. Did Tom make it? I dont think

so

Replace Noun-Clause with SO

Activity page 78

Grammar Self-check page 78

Grammar Self-check ANSWERS

didnt know

think

didnt know

hope

the direct objects

that

Grammar Self-check page 78

Grammar Self-check ANSWERS

hoped, werent

The simple past The simple past

thought, had finished

simple past past perfect

Grammar Self-check page 78

Grammar Self-check ANSWERS

noun clause

noun clause

Reading page 80

Reading Glossary page 80

Publisher: Account for: Circulation: Criticized: Immoral: Encourages: Visuals: Convenient: AIDS: Highly regarded: Increasingly: Guilty pleasure: Recognizable: Booming: Addicts: Vending machines: Consumed: Per Capita: a person or company whose business is to print and sell books to make up an amount for something the average number of copies sold over a period of time people judge and say what is good and bad things that are wrong to make someone do something drawings, graphics, photos, pictures, diagrams art work easy and suitable Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome considered very important more and more over a period of time enjoy doing but feel ashamed able to identify remember selling a lot very popular like something you spend a lot of time doing it (money) a machine you buy hot and cold drinks from takes all your attention and time the average amount for each person

Reading OPTION T80

1. Which country sells more comics a year? 2. How many copies of Shonen Jump are sold per week in Japan? 3. What opinion did many people have of comics when they first appeared? 4. What is one way comics can help young people?

Learning Strategy page 80, Reading

Reading Comprehension page 80

Reading Comprehension page 80

Graphic Organizer page T80, Exercice B

Cumulative Vocabulary Activity page 81

Write an example of reading material for each type or description given in the chart.

Cumulative Vocabulary Activity page 82

Learning Strategy page 82, Listening, C

Graphic Organizer page T83, Step 3

Writing page 83, Step 3

Writing page 84, D

Websites
http://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Orange%20Level/ O6%20Noun%20Clauses.html http://www.headsupenglish.com/skillbuilders/grammar/embedde dquestions.pdf http://www.headsupenglish.com/index.php?option=com_conten t&task=view&id=265&Itemid=94 http://english-zone.com/grammar/noun-clz1.html Noun clause http://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Orange%20Level/O6%20N oun%20Clauses.html Embedded Questions http://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Orange%20Level/O20_Em bedded_Questions.html

Definitions
Incongruity (noun): something is strange because it is different to what would be the normal/similar or same situation E.g. A person who is a rich millionaire would drive an expensive car. If the person drives a 3,000 dirham car he/she is acting incongruously. (adverb) Incongruous - (adjective) E.g. She looked incongruous wearing a mans suit and tie. Synonyms unsuitable, ridiculous, ludicrous, absurd, inappropriate, inharmonious, discordant, contradictory, inconsistent, conflicting, out-of-place, improper, unsuited.