I. ATA v SATA l g ? 1.

ATA:
Advanced Technology Attachment (cn c bit rng ri vi ci tn

IDE - Integrated Drive Electronics ) l mt chun giao tip a cng. Thit b ny s dng giao tip DMA. DMA l c ch giao tip truyn nhn d liu gia CPU v cng PATA vi cc tc truyn ti a l 133MB/s (UDMA-6). ATA cng cn c gi l PATA (Parallel ATA) v n s dng tn hiu song song. ATA ban u (ATA-1) c tc rt thp (3.3MB/s) v c dung lng ti a cng thp (528 MB) sau c m rng dn n ATA-7 c tc n 133MB/s v h tr dung lng n 128 PiB (hay 144 petabytes) th chuyn sang SATA. Mt giao tip PATA gn c 2 a, mt lm master, mt lm slave.

2. SATA:
serial ATA (serial Advanced Technology Attachment) s dng

cng ngh truyn tn hiu ni tip (serial). Thit b ny c th s dng 2 c ch giao tip. Legacy (compatible) mode - hay cn gi l c ch tng thch chy ging nh DMA v AHCI Mode l c ch truyn nhn d liu tc cao ln n 300MB/s (SATA2) cho php s dng cc tnh nng cao cp ca cng Serial-ATA. AHCI tng hiu qu s dng cng ln rt nhiu, cc SATA khng cn phn bit master/slave, tt c u l master, h tr Native Command Queuing (NCQ)* tng tc truy xut v c thm tnh nng tho lp nng (hot plug).... Mt giao tip SATA ch gn c 1 a duy nht.

 C ATA controller v SATA controller u c th h tr

RAID. RAID l hnh thc ghp nhiu a cng li thnh mt h thng a cng nhm gia tng tc truy xut cng nh an ton d liu.

II. ATA 2.1 u ni vo ra ATA

L u ni kiu u ni 40 hoc 44 chn, thng c lm du trnh lp ngc.

2.2 Cp vo ra ATA

Hai loi c|p IDE chnh c s dng hin nay l{ loi 40 v{ 80 ng dn. C hai dng u ni 40 ch}n, c|c si thm v{o trong kiu 80 ng dn s c ni t. C|c ng dn thm v{o c thit k gim nhiu v{ giao thoa, rt cn cho giao din chy vi tc 66 MHz (Ultra ATA/66 hoc UltraDMA/66). C|p 80 d}y dn c th dng tc thp hn cho d khng cn thit, n s tng tnh to{n vn ca tn hiu, v th nn s dng loi c|p n{y vi bt c a n{o. Hu ht c|c theo tiu chun ATA ch cn mt jumper (ch/t) cu hnh. Mt s t cn jumper SP (Slave Present).

2.3 Cc tn hiu ATA

* Chn 39: Mang tn hiu Drive Active/Slave Present (DASP)

l tn hiu c hai mc ch ty tng thi im. Trong qu trnh khi ng, khi my c bt ln, tn hiu cho bit a t (slave drive) c hin din trn giao din khng. Sau , mi s xc nhn tn hiu cho bit c kch hot. * Chn 28: Mang tn hiu chn cp (Cable Select) hoc ng b * Chn 20: c s dng nh chn cht nh hng lp cp v khng c ni sut. Cc u ni ny ATA thng s khng c chn ny, v l ca chn th 20 trn u ni cp nn c kha ngn khng cho cp b cm ngc chiu. trc quay (Spindle Synchronization) (CSEL hoc SPSYNC), l di truyn c mc ch kp, tuy nhin mt ci t ch c th dng mt trong hai chc nng

2.4 Cc phin bn ATA

Cc phin bn ATA:
*ATA-1 *ATA-2 (cn gi l Fast-ATA, Fast-ATA-2, hoc EIDE) *ATA-3 *ATA-4 (Ultra-ATA/33) *ATA-5 (Ultra-ATA/66) *ATA-6 (Ultra-ATA/100) *ATA-7 (Ultra-ATA/133 hoc Serial ATA) *ATA-8 (Ultra-ATA/133 hoc Serial ATA)

Thng s v c tnh phin bn

SMART=AT Attachment Packet Interface MB=Megabyte; million bytes GB=Gigabyte; billion bytes PB=Petabyte; quadrillion bytes CHS=Cylinder, head, Sector LBA=Logical block address PIO=Programmed I/O DMA=direct memory access UDMA=Ultra DMA

ATA-1

ATA-1 (AT Attachment Interface of Disk Drivers) l bn chnh ca ATA u tin. N l mt giao din truyn thng gia h h thng (my tnh) vi a quang qua bus ISA. ATA-1 gm cc c tnh sau: *S chn: 40/44 khi truyn h thng n a *La chn thit t cho a chnh, a ph v la chn t ng bi cp (master ,slave v cable select). *Ch truy cp b nh trc tip DMA. *H tr cylinder, head, sector (CHS) v a ch khi (tm dch: logical block address) (LBA).H tr iu khin tham s ln n 267.386.880 sector, hoc 136,9 GB Mc d ATA-1 c s dng nm 1986, nhng n nm 1988 chng mi c chun ha thnh mt chun chnh thc bi Common Access Method (CAM). ATA-1 chnh thc c loi b nh mt tiu chun v giao tip trong my tnh ngy nay vo ngy 06 thng 8 nm 1999.

ATA-2
ATA-2 (Attachment interface with Extensions-2) xut hin ln u

tin nm 1993 nh mt s nng cp t phin bn ATA tiu chun. N mang n mt s thay i ln, khng ch nh ngha giao tip n duy ch vi cc a cng m cn vi cc a khc. Nhng c tnh ca ATA-2 vi c bn bao gm ATA-1 v thm cc tnh cht nh sau: *Cc kiu truyn d liu PIO v DMA nhanh hn. *H tr qun l in nng. *H tr qun l di ng. *H tr PCMCIA (PC Card) *ng nht cc lnh iu khin v thm nhiu thng tin hn.

ATA-3

c cng b u tin vo nm 1997, ATA-3 tng i t sa i so vi ATA-2. N gm c nhng sa i cho cc tiu chun k thut v ch yu l sp xp li cng vi vi sa i nh. Nhng thay i chnh gm c: - Loi b nhng nghi thc truyn DMA t n (8-bit). - Thm h tr S.M.A.R.T (cng ngh t iu khin, phn tch v bo co) cho d bo s gim hiu sut ca thit b. - Nhng khuyn co v ngun v s kt thc bus pha u nhn gii quyt vn nhiu tc truyn cao. ATA-3 c chnh thc cng b nh chun ANSI X3.298-1997, giao din ATA-3. C 4 phm vi chnh m ATA-2, ATA-3, ATA-4 ci tin c so vi giao din ATA/IDE ban u l: - Gia tng dung lng a ti a - Truyn d liu nhanh hn - Knh hai thit b ph - Giao din chng trnh ATA (ATAPI)

ATA/ATAPI-4 (ATA-4 vi phn m rng giao din gi)

c cng b vo u nm 1998, ATA-4 c mt s b sung quan trng. N

gm c nhng tnh nng dng gi (Packet Command) c bit n nh giao din gi ATA (ATAPI), cho php cc thit b nh CD-ROM, a mm SuperDisk LS-120, bng t v cc dng thit b lu tr khc c gn bng mt giao din chung. Trc khi ATA-4 ra i, ATAPI l mt chun c cng b ring. ATA-4 cn thm vo ch truyn 33MB/s, c gi l UltraDMA hoc UltraATA. ATA-4 tng thch ngc vi ATA-3 v cc quy nh trc ca ATAPI. Nhng sa i chnh trong ATA-4 gm: - H tr ATAPI c tch hp - H tr qun l in nng nng cao - nh ngha loi cp 80 ng dn, 40 chn ci tin s chu nhiu - H tr Compack Flash Adapter (CFA) - Gii thiu h tr BIOS nng cao cho cc trn 9.4 nghn ti GB (mc d ATA vn gii hn nh 137.4 GB). ATA-4 c cng b nh chun ANSI NCITS 317-1998, ATA-4

ATA/ATAPI-5 (ATA-5 vi giao din gi)

Phin bn ny c chp thun vo u nm 2000 v da trn

ATA-4. Nhng b sung chnh trong tiu chun ny gm c: - Ch truyn UDMA ti 66MB/s (c gi l UDMA/66 hoc Ultra-ATA/66) - Cp 80 ng dn c yu cu cho hot ng UDMA/66 - Do tm t ng cp 40 hoc 80 ng dn - Ch UDMA nhanh hn UDMA/33 ch c php khi d tm pht hin thy cp 80 ng dn. Mt chun khc gn y c chp thun bi u ban T13 l mt dng m rng IEEE-1394 (iLink/Firewire) cho giao din ATA. N nh r nghi thc cu ni (bridge) gia bus iLink/Firewire v ATA, cho php ATA thch hp vi giao din mi ny.

ATA/ATAPI-6
- c chp thun vo nm 2002.
- Nhng im chnh trong ATA/ATAPI-6 l:

+ Dng 48 bit LBA lm cho dung lng c th t 144 petabytes (144.000.000 gigabytes). + Ch truyn Ultra DMA (UDMA) ln ti 100 MB/s

ATA-7 v ATA-8
- ATA-7:

* c chp thun v{o nm 2004. * Nhng im chnh ca ATA-7 l: + Ch truyn Ultra DMA (UDMA) ln ti 133 MBps. - ATA-8 l{ phin bn ph ca ATA-7.

III. Serial ATA (SATA)

Serial ATA hay n gin c gi l{ SATA l{ mt

chun a cng c to nhm mc ch thay th cho giao din Parallel ATA vn c bit n vi tn IDE. SATA c tc truyn ti khong 150MB/s hoc 300MB/s so vi tc ti a 133 MB/s trong c|c cng ngh trc }y Serial ATA l{ mt cng ngh kh|c, cho php truyn ti theo ch ni tip. Trc kia chng ta thng cho rng truyn dn ni tp bao gi cng cho tc thp hn truyn dn song song.

 Tc truyn ti ca chun Serial ATA l 1.500 Mbps. V n s dng 8B/10B coding mi nhm 8 bit c m ha thnh mt s 10-bit nn tc clock hiu qu ca n l 150 MB/s. Cc thit b Serial ATA chy vi tc chun ny gi l SATA-150. Trong cc hnh di y, bn c th so snh Serial ATA vi parallel IDE: cp Serial ATA trng ra sao v kch thc ca n so vi IDE 80-dy nh th no v s so snh v kha cnh vt l ca cng Serial ATA (mu trong hnh 3) vi cng parallel IDE (mu xanh trong hnh 3).

Hnh 1: Cp Serial ATA

Hnh 2: So snh gia cp Serial ATA v cp 80-dy c s dng bi cc thit b parallel IDE

Hnh 3: Cc cng Serial ATA (mu ) v cc cng parallel IDE chun (mu xanh)

c tnh
Phin bn SATA hin thi c th h tr nhp di chuyn

d liu ln ti 3.0 gbit/s trn thit b. SATA ch dng 4 ng tn hiu nn dy cp gn v nh hn PATA. SATA h tr supports hot- swapping v NCQ. C mt u ni c bit (eSATA) ch r nhng thit b ngoi v c kp gi nhng u ni bn trong chc chn ng ch. Ngoi ra n c th dng chung cp vt l vi chun SCSI.

Lu Lng

- SATA 1.5 Gbit/s Nhng giao din SATA u tin c bit n nh SATA/150 hay SATA1, vi tc truyn nhn d liu ti a 1.5Gbit/s. Trn l thuyt lu lng truyn ti ca SATA/150 tng t nh PATA/133, nhng nhng thit b mi hn xut nhng s nng cao nh NCQ.Dng 8B/10B encoding ti tng physical (trong m hnh OSI). Do hiu sut encoding t 80% nn tc tht l 1.2 Gbit/s hay 150 MB/s. Dng cng ngh LVDS (Low voltage differential signaling )

 SATA 3.0 GB/s

c bit vi tn gi l SATA II K tha cc u im ca SATA I nh: 8B/10B, cng ngh LVDS Tc t 3.0Gb/s (tc thc l 2.4 Gb/s, hay 300 MB/s.)

 Th h mi SATA 6 Gigabit/giy

Serial ATA 6 Gigabit/giy cho cc ng dng my tnh desktop v laptop i hi bng thng rng bao gm : chi game, truyn dn video v ng dng ha multimedia. Chun giao tip Serial ATA (SATA) 6 Gb/giy s em li hiu nng cao nht tc truyn theo khi t n 6 Gigabit/giy cho tt c cc ng dng PC, duy ch tnh tng thch ngc vi chun SATA 3 Gb/giy v SATA 1,5 Gb/giy, s dng chung cp v kt ni vi cc th h SATA trc nhm n gin ha vic tch hp

SATA 6 Gb/giy c pht trin bi t chc Quc t Serial ATA (SATA-IO) theo quy chun Serial ATA Revision 3.0

Tc truyn ti d liu vt tri ca chun SATA 6 Gbps so vi chun SATA 4 Gbps

Ci t
Cch ci t cc thit b Serial ATA c khc i cht so

vi cc thit b IDE chun, Serial ATA l kt ni im im, ngha l bn ch c th kt ni mt thit b trn mt cng (parallel IDE c th cho php kt ni hai a ng trn mt cng bng cch cu hnh master/slave) Vic ci t a cng SATA rt n gin; remove hoc thay i v tr ca jumper SATA-150/SATA-300 (nu c sn, cc thng tin chi tit s c gii thiu bn di), kt ni cp Serial ATA v cp ngun vi my tnh ang b tt ca bn.

Hnh 4: Cc u ni ca a cng SATA

Hnh 5: Cc u kt ni ngun Serial ATA trn cc b ngun ATX12V

Hnh 6: cng SATA c kt ni vi bo mch ch

Hnh 7: a IDE chun c chuyn i thnh Serial ATA thng qua mt adaptor Jumper SATA-150/SATA-300

 Trc khi ci t a cng SATA-300 bn cn phi kim

tra xem n c jumper SATA-150/SATA-300 hay khng v xem n c b cu hnh ng v tr hay khng: nu bn c mt bo mch ch c vi cc cng SATA-150 th bn nn jumper v tr SATA-150, tuy nhin nu bo mch ch ca bn h tr SATA300 th cn chuyn i sang v tr ny. Cc thng tin ny c th c tm thy trn nhn a, xem th hin trong hnh 8.

Hnh 8: Nhng thng tin chi tit trn nhn ca a gii thch v jumper SATA-150/SATA-300.

Hnh 9: a cng vi jumper SATA150/SATA-300 ang c t v tr SATA-150

 Nhng g nh hng ti hiu sut ca SATA-300 khi cu

hnh sai? Chng ti s to mt s kim tra trong phng th nghim gii thiu cho cc bn v vn ny. Chng ti o tc truyn ti ca a cng Seagate Barracuda 7200.10 160 GB vi 3 chng trnh khc nhau, SpeedDisk32, HD Tach v HD Tune, trc tin l jumper trn cu hnh mc nh ca n (SATA-150), sau remove jumper v lm cho a cng l mt SATA-300 ch thc. Bn c th xem c kt qu trong cc hnh bn di

 Nh nhng g bn c th thy c trong cc kt qu ca

ba chng trnh trn. Mc d cc tc ln nht, trung bnh v nh nht vn ging nhau nhng vi jumper v tr SATA-300 th tc truyn ti burst c tng khong 60% n 69%.Ni tm li bn khng nn qun kim tra xem jumper c c t ng v tr hay khng khi ci t cc a cng SATA-300!