Quantum Structures

L L

Bulk
E E

Well
E

Wire
E

Dot

Ec N(e)

Ec

N(e)

Ec

N(e)

N(e)

N(e)

_ E1 2

N(e)

N(e)

_ -1 2

N(e)

1 L= _ n 2 1 2 E = _ mv 2 h _ 1p E = _ _ sub in p = 2m
2 2L 1 _ sub in = _ _ h E= 2 n 2 m 2

Quantum Efficiency

Quantum Well

ext = total external efficiency ext = i r o int = total internal efficiency int = i r r = recombination efficiency nr r 1 1 _ _ _ r = tot = + r tot r nr i = injection efficiency i = I e (Ih+ Ie+ Isc ) ~ 0.5 o= extraction efficiency o= absorption * fresnel reflection * internal reflection
absorption = 1 - e
-x

hn _ E= 2 8L m

ns - na frensel reflection = 1 - _ ns + na 1 internal reflection = _ (1 - cosc ) 2

na ~ 1 ns ~ 3.5
-1 na c = sin _ ns