Chapter 5 Notes

The Periodic Table

Section 5.1 Organization of the Elements
Search for Order
Brings _______________ to seemingly unrelated facts
Helped chemists predict the existence of elements that _______________________________
____________________ elements according to their chemical and physical properties
Mendeleevs Periodic Table
Strategy for organization: What did he look at?
________________ properties
_________________ properties
___________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
______________________________
______________________________
Mendeleevs Proposal
Elements arranged in rows based on __________________________________.
Elements with __________________________________ are in same column.
Chart was a Periodic Table/ DEF. arrangement of elements in columns based on a set of
________________________________________.
Mendeleevs Prediction
Table incomplete elements not yet ______________________
_________________________ in table for undiscovered elements

Evidence Supporting Mendeleevs Table

Close match between Mendeleevs predictions and the actual properties of new elements showed how
useful table was. Ex. Discovery of: Aluminum, Gallium, Scandium, and Germanium
Do Periodic Table Game
Section 1 Assessment Questions 1-8 p. 129

Section 5.2 The Modern Periodic Table

Repeating patterns
Elements in same column are related because properties repeat in
___________________________.

The Modern Periodic Table

Listed in order of increasing number of _______________________.
Properties of the elements repeat.
_______________________________- when the elements are arranged in order of increasing number
of protons, the properties tend to repeat in a pattern
Columns in the Periodic Table
________________________ classification or groupings
-often referred to as ___________________________________
-each column is numbered ____________________ or 1A through 8A
-elements within the same family have _________________________________________
Rows in the Periodic Table
________________________ classification or groupings
-each row is called a ____________________________
-elements in a period are _________________________ in properties, properties change greatly across
a given row
-the first element in a period is a very _____________________
-the last element in most periods is a -__________________________________
-only ________________ periods
Element Key
Important information about an element is given in each square of the periodic table: Draw the Carbon
Box of the periodic table below.
its atomic number
chemical symbol
element name
atomic mass
For example:
Carbon has an atomic number of 6 (or has ______________________), an atomic mass of __________
and a symbol of ____.
Atomic Mass
Two isotopes of copper
72% copper-63
28% copper-65
Makes the average 63.56 amu
*worksheet on how to calculate atomic mass.
Metals
Majority of elements
___________________ shiny.
Ductile ___________________________________________________.
__________________________________ hammered into sheets.
_____________________________ of heat and electricity.
Include transition metals bridge between elements on left and right of table

Non-Metals
Properties are generally _____________________ of metals
____________________________ of heat and electricity
_____________________boiling points
Many are __________________ at room temperature
Solid, non-metals are ___________________ (break easily)
Chemical properties vary
Metalloids
Have properties similar to ___________________________________________________
Can conduct heat and electricity like metals but ______________________________________
Variation Across a Period: Left to Right
Physical and Chemical properties
Atomic size ____________________________________________
Metallic properties ____________________________
Ability to lose an electron ________________________
Ability to gain electrons ___________________________
Ion (charged atom) pattern is seen- 1 2 3 4 3 2 1 0 write charges on table
Quick Lab p. 135
Section Assessment Questions 1-8 p. 138
Mark Metals, Nonmetals, and metalloids

Section 5.3 Representative Groups

Valence electrons
The electrons in the ________________ energy level
Responsible for most of the ___________________________________________
When two atoms interact, the ________________________ are the ones affected
Elements in a __________________ have ____________________________because they have
_____________________ of valence electrons
Ten major families: Write the group number by each family name.
1. alkali metals_________________________
2. alkaline earth metals__________________________
3. transition elements_________________________
4. boron family_____________________________
5. carbon family______________________________
6. nitrogen family______________________________
7. oxygen family______________________________

8. halogen family______________________________
9. noble gases_________________________________
10. rare earth metals____________________________

Alkali Metals
______________ electron in their outermost shell or one valence electron
soft, ___________________, shiny metals
bond readily with other substances
never found ________________________ in nature
samples must be stored in _________________ to keep them from combining with water or oxygen
most __________________ metals
Reactivity ______________________ down a group
Alkaline Earth Metals
_____________ valence electrons
__________________________________________ when combined with other substances
never found ___________________________ in nature
not quite as ____________________________ as the alkali metals
often mixed with other metals, such as aluminum, to form _________________ of strong yet light in
weight metals.
Examples:
a. Magnesium
Used to make __________________ (lighter metal without sacrificing strength)
Key role in ______________________ (found in chlorophyll)
b. Calcium
Found in ___________________________________
Chalk, limestone, coral, pearls, toothpaste, plaster
Boron Family
have ______ valance electrons
Boron:
______________________________
never found ________________ in nature
found in borax
used to make heat resistant ______________________ (used in laboratories)
Aluminum:
most __________________________ metal in earths crust
found in a mineral called _________________________
extremely important metal for industry, _____________________________________________
Carbon Family:
- Have ___________ valance electrons
- Can either ________ 4 electrons or _________________ 4 electrons
- Most compounds in the body contain ______________________

- __________________________ 2nd most abundant element in Earths crust

- Silicon used to tip saw blades
Nitrogen Family:
- Have ___________ valence electrons
- Tend to ____________________________
- Nitrogen and Phosphorous used in __________________________
- __________________________ used in matches
Oxygen Family:
- Have ___________ valence electrons
- Tend to __________________________________________
- _____________________ most abundant element
- Sulfur used in _________________________
- Oxygen needed to for digestion
Halogen Family:
have _____ valence electrons
_______________________________ nonmetals
never found _____________________ in nature
react with the _________________________________________________
when halogens react with metals they form compounds called ________________________
Fluorine is the ______________________________________ halogen
Fluorine compounds used in ______________________________
Chlorine used to _________________________________
Iodine keeps _______________________________ working properly
The Noble Gases (Inert Gases)
normally ___________________________
also called ___________________________
all elements in this family are__________________________________
outermost electron shell is ______________________________
found in small amounts in the earths atmosphere (less than 1%)
Other Areas: Write names of the period numbers by each of the following below:
Transition Metals______________________________
Rare Earth Elements___________________________
Lanthanide series_______________________________
Actinide Series_________________________________
Section 3 Assessment Questions 1-12 p. 145
Exploration Lab: Predicting the Density of an Element