Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Outline of Presentation
Introduction. Sources. Effects. Diseases Controls/Preventions.
1. Introduction
Any undesirable change in the Physical, Chemical , and Biological characteristics of the air , water , and land or soil which is harmful to the man directly or indirectly through animals , plants , industrial units or Raw materials. The Waste products of human activities are not efficiently assimilated decomposed or otherwise removed by natural , biological and physical processes( recycling) and the system is unable to utilize properly so that the balance of the system gets altered by the addition of such un degradable pollutants .
1.
Natural Volcanic Eruption, UV Radiation, Soil erosion Dust Storm, Decomposition Of Organic Matter , Forrest Fires etc.
A Pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water or soil , and is the cause of pollution. It can be of two types Pollutants
Non Degradable e.g. Aluminum Pecks, compounds of iron, Mercury, Phenols and D.D.T.
SOIL is the thin layer of organic and inorganic materials that covers the Earth's rocky surface. The organic portion, which is derived from the
Soil
toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive materials, or disease causing agents, which have adverse effects on plant growth and animal health.
Industrial Waste.
Agro Waste.
Radioactive Waste.
Biological Waste.
2.1 MSW
Municipal solid waste is solid waste generated by households, commercial establishments and offices and does not include the industrial or agricultural waste. E.g.
1)
Plastic Pollution
Plastic bags, plastic thin sheets and plastic waste is also a major source of pollution. A division bench of Allahabad High Court, comprising Justice Ashok Bhushan and Justice Arun Tandon, in May 03, 2010 had directed the Ganga Basin Authority and the state government to take appropriate action to ban the use of polythene in the vicinity of Ganga in the entire state. Also Plastic Bag Pollution in the Country is the biggest hazards. On August 2, 2010, seeking to
Farmers express concern over pollution Coimbatore: Farmers in Kurumbapalayam, Kullakkapalayam and Podanur in Achipatti area of Pollachi have urged the administration to take steps to control the pollution caused by two companies. Villagers in a signed memorandum to the Collector pointed out that the pollution emitted by these two companies was effecting the ground water and agricultural lands. K. Paramasivam of the PAP irrigation committee said that the metal dust coming from these two casting units was affecting the agricultural yield in the nearby farm lands. In addition, the black smoke that engulfs the villages around the company cause serious health hazards. The waste that comes out of the units also cause unbearable stink. The waste generated by these units also choke the Parambikulam Aliyar Project (PAP) canal and the water from this canal that reaches the farms also affect the soil fertility.
Pollution due to Mining a) New Delhi-based Center for Science and Environment (CSE) on December 29, 2007
said mining was causing displacement, pollution, forest degradation and social unrest. According to the Centre for Science and Environment ( CSE) report the top 50 mineral producing districts, as many as 34 fall under the 150 most backward districts identified in the country. The CSE report has made extensive analysis of environment degradation and pollution due to mining, wherein it has said, in 2005-06 alone 1.6 billion tonnes of waste and overburden from coal, iron ore, limestone and bauxite have added to environment pollution. With the annual growth of mining at 10.7 per cent and 500-odd mines awaiting approval of the Centre, the pollution would increase manifold in the coming years. The mines of Mahanadi Coal Fields and NTPC draw about 25 Cr litres of water per day from the River Brahmani and in return they release thousands of gallons of waste water, which contains obnoxious substances like Ash, Oil, Heavy Metals, Grease, Fluorides, Phosphorus, Ammonia, Urea and Sulphuric Acid, into the River Nandira (A tributary of River Brahmani). The effluents from chlorine plant cause chloride and sodium toxicity to the river Rushikulya the lifeline of southern Orissa. The Phosphoric Fertilizer Industry discharges effluent containing Nitric, Sulphuric and Phosphoric acids into river Mahanadi.
2.3 a Erosion
Soil erosion can be defined as the movement of surface litter and topsoil from one place to another. While erosion is a natural process, often caused by wind and flowing water, it is
In India about 130 million hectare of land (45% of total geographical area) is affected by serious soil erosion through ravine and gully, shifting cultivation, cultivated wastelands, sandy areas, deserts and water logging ( Govt. of India, 1989).
Natural (Background radiations) (Radium, Uranium, Thorium, Radon, Potassium and Carbon) It occur in the rock, soil and water.
In early April, 2010 a machine from Delhi University containing cobalt-60, a radioactive
India being used as a dumping ground for hazardous waste, from foreign countries. Twenty containers with goods were
Summary Of Causes
Polluted water discharged from factories
Runoff from pollutants (paint, chemicals, rotting organic material) leaching out of
landfill Oil and petroleum leaks from vehicles washed off the road by the rain into the surrounding habitat Chemical fertilizer runoff from farms and crops Acid rain (fumes from factories mixing with rain) Sewage discharged into rivers instead of being treated properly
Septic tank seepage Lagoon seepage Sanitary/hazardous landfill seepage Cemeteries Scrap yards (waste oil and chemical drainage) Leaks from sanitary sewers
3. Effects
a) b) c) d) Agricultural. Industrial. Urban. Environmental Long Term Effects of Soil Pollution.
a) Agricultural..
Reduced soil fertility Reduced nitrogen fixation
Increased erodibility
Larger loss of soil and nutrients Deposition of silt in tanks and reservoirs Reduced crop yield Imbalance in soil fauna and flora
b) Industrial
Dangerous chemicals entering underground water Ecological imbalance
Reduced vegetation
c) Urban
Clogging of drains Inundation of areas Public health problems Pollution of drinking water sources Foul smell and release of gases Waste management problems
4) Diseases
1. Cancer 2. Brain and Nerve Damage 3. Kidney and Liver Disease 4. Malaria
5. Other Diseases
5. Control / Prevention
The following steps have been suggested to control soil pollution. Reducing chemical fertilizer and pesticide use Reusing of materials Recycling and recovery of materials Reforesting Solid waste treatment
Anaerobic/aerobic decomposition of biodegradable municipal and domestic waste is also being done and gives organic manure. Cow dung which releases methane into the atmosphere, should be processed further in 'gobar gas plants' to produce 'gobar gas' and good manure.
THANK YOU