Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1 Multiple-Choice and Bimodal Questions 1) Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between the carbon atoms are called __________. A) alkenes B) alkynes C) aromatics D) alkanes E) ketones
2) What general class of compounds is also known as olefins? A) alkenes B) alkynes C) aromatics D) alkanes E) ketones
Answer: C Diff: 1
4) The melting and boiling points of hydrocarbons are determined by __________. A) ion-dipole attraction B) dipole-dipole attraction C) London forces D) hydrogen bonding E) ionic bonding
5) Hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon triple bonds are called __________. A) alkanes B) aromatic hydrocarbons C) alkynes D) alkenes E) olefins
6) Alkynes always contain a __________. A) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 B) CC bond C) C-C bond D) C-H bond E) CH bond
7) Alkenes always contain a __________. A) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 B) CC bond C) C-C bond D) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 E) CH bond
8) Hybridization of the carbon atom indicated by (*) in EMBED Equation.DSMT4 , EMBED Equation.DSMT4 , and EMBED Equation.DSMT4 is __________, __________, and __________, respectively. A) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 B) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 C) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 D) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 E) EMBED Equation.DSMT4
9) The molecular geometry of each carbon atom in an alkane is __________. A) octahedral B) square planar C) trigonal planar D) tetrahedral E) trigonal pyramidal
Answer: D Diff: 1
10) The minimum number of carbons necessary for a hydrocarbon to form a branched structure is __________. A) 4 B) 6 C) 3 D) 9 E) 12
12) How many structural isomers of heptane exist? A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 E) 9 Answer: E Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 25.3
13) The general formula of an alkane is __________. A) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 B) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 C) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 D) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 E) EMBED Equation.DSMT4
14) Alkenes have the general formula __________. A) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 B) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 . C) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 . D) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 . E) EMBED Equation.DSMT4
17) Alkanes with __________ to __________ carbons are found in straight-run gasoline. A) 2, 3 B) 5, 12 C) 1, 5 D) 9, 15 E) 20, 60
18) Gasoline and water do not mix because gasoline is __________. A) less dense than water B) less viscous than water C) nonpolar and water is polar D) volatile and water is not E) polar and water is nonpolar
19) Which substance would be the most soluble in gasoline? A) water B) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 C) HCl D) hexane E) NaCl
20) Isooctane is assigned an octane number of 100, whereas __________ is assigned an octane number of 0. A) methane B) propane C) benzene D) heptane E) nitrous oxide
22) The name of EMBED Equation.DSMT4 is __________. A) 2, 3, 5 - octatriene B) 2, 5, 6 - octatriene C) 2, 3, 6 - octatriene D) 3, 5, 6 - octatriene E) 3, 4, 7 - octatriene
23) __________ could be the formula of an alkene. A) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 B) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 C) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 D) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 E) EMBED Equation.DSMT4
24) In general, __________ are the most reactive hydrocarbons. A) alkenes B) alkynes C) alkanes D) cycloalkanes E) olefins
25) The addition of HBr to 2-butene produces __________. A) 1-bromobutane B) 2-bromobutane C) 1,2-dibromobutane D) 2,3-dibromobutane E) no reaction
26) Aromatic hydrocarbons __________. A) readily undergo addition reactions like alkenes B) contain a series of bonds on several consecutive carbon atoms C) undergo substitution reactions more easily than saturated hydrocarbons D) have EMBED Equation.DSMT4 hybridized carbon atoms
29) Ethers can be made by condensation of two __________ molecules by splitting out a molecule of water. A) alkyne B) alcohol C) ketone D) aldehyde E) olefin
33) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 is called a(n) __________. A) amine B) amide C) ketone D) aldehyde E) ester
35) The hybridization of the central carbon atom in an aldehyde is __________. A) sp B) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 C) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 D) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 E) EMBED Equation.DSMT4
36) Optically active molecules that are mirror images of each other are called __________. A) allotropes B) geometrical isomers C) enantiomers D) cofactors E) chiral compounds
37) Which amino acid is non-chiral? A) leucine B) histidine C) arginine D) glycine E) All of the above are chiral.
38) The secondary structure of a protein is the result of __________ bonding. A) covalent B) peptide C) ionic D) hydrogen E) none of the above
39) Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are made of repeating units of __________. A) lactose B) glucose C) fructose D) sucrose E) amino acids
40) How many chiral atoms does the open-chain form of glucose have? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
41) __________ acts as a kind of energy bank in the body, and is found concentrated in muscles and liver. A) Lactose B) Starch C) Cellulose D) Glycogen E) Sucrose
42) What forces hold the strands of DNA together? A) covalent bonds B) hydrogen bonding C) ion-dipole attraction D) coordinate covalent bonds
1) Phenylketonuric positive newborns should have a minimum amount of _________ in their diets. A) phenylalanine B) tyrosine C) phenylketones D) histidine E) aspartic acid
2) Which one of the following could be a cyclic alkane? A) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 B) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 C) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 D) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 E) EMBED Equation.DSMT4
Answer: B
3) If each of the following represents an alkane, and a carbon atom is located at each vertex with the proper number of hydrogen atoms also bonded to it, which one is the most reactive? A) B) C) D) E) They are all equally reactive since they are all alkanes.
6) Which of the following is not currently used as an additive agent in gasoline? A) toluene B) ethanol C) MTBE D) tetraethyl lead
10) When petroleum is distilled to separate the components by boiling point, the component with the highest boiling point is called __________. A) gas B) gasoline C) kerosene D) paraffin E) asphalt
11) What type of compound has been used to replace tetraethyl lead EMBED Equation.DSMT4 as an antiknock agent in gasoline? A) aromatic compounds B) olefins C) fluorochlorocarbons D) paraffins E) oxygenated hydrocarbons
12) How many structural isomers (include all types except optical) can be drawn for EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ? A) 5 B) 6 C) 7 D) 11 E) 12
Answer: D Diff: 3
13) How many isomers of EMBED Equation.DSMT4 are polar? A) none B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) It is impossible to tell without more information.
14) Which statement about hydrocarbons is false? A) The smallest alkane to have structural (constitutional) isomers has 4 carbon atoms. B) Cyclic alkanes are structural isomers of alkenes. C) Alkanes are more reactive than alkenes. D) Alkanes can be produced by hydrogenating alkenes. E) Alkenes can be polymerized.
15) Which statement about addition reactions between alkenes and HBr is false? A) The addition occurs at the double bond. B) Bromine attacks the alkene carbon atom possessing a positive partial charge. C) A hydrogen atom attaches itself to the alkene carbon atom possessing a negative partial charge. D) The bond breaks in the course of the reaction. E) The proposed mechanism involves radicals.
16) Benzene behaves differently from a hydrocarbon which simply contains three EMBED Equation.DSMT4 bonds in that the latter would be expected to react much more readily with __________. A) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 B) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 C) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 D) HCl E) all of the above
17) During World War II, Teflon was used __________. A) as gasket material in the gaseous diffusion plant for separation of uranium isotopes B) to form the tube to keep the separate parts of the critical mass apart until the time for detonation of the bomb C) because its characteristic color change upon exposure to radiation made it an excellent indicator of radiation leaks D) as a liner inside the atomic bomb to protect the guidance system from radiation E) to package the shrapnel incorporated into the atomic bomb
18) Alcohols are hydrocarbon derivatives in which one or more hydrogens have been replaced by a hydroxyl functional group. __________ is the general formula of an alcohol. A) B) C) D) E)
19) Which one of the following is not an alcohol? A) acetone B) glycerol C) ethanol D) cholesterol E) ethylene glycol
20) The oxidation of ethanol produces __________. A) acetic acid B) formic acid C) citric acid D) lactic acid E) oxalic acid
21) The following reaction would produce a(n) __________. R-OH + R'COOH A) ketone B) ether C) aldehyde D) alcohol E) ester
22) Which one of the following compounds is an isomer of EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ? A) EMBED Equation.DSMT4 B) C) D) E) EMBED Equation.DSMT4
24) Which of the following compounds do not contain an EMBED Equation.DSMT4 hybridized oxygen atom? A) ketones B) alcohols C) ethers D) esters E) water
A) B) C) D) E)
29) Which of the following compounds does not contain a EMBED Equation.DSMT4 bond? A) ketones B) aldehydes C) esters D) amides E) ethers
31) How many chiral carbon atoms does the neopentane (2, 2 - dimethylpropane) have? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4
33) Proteins are biopolymers formed via multiple condensation coupling of which two functional groups? A) ester and amine B) amine and carboxylic acid C) alcohol and carboxylic acid D) alcohol and amine E) ester and carboxylic acid
34) Which amino acid is not chiral? A) leucine B) isoleucine C) glycine D) alanine E) threonine
35) The tertiary structure of proteins is maintained by __________ bonds. A) hydrogen B) dipole-dipole C) ion-dipole D) covalent E) all of the above
36) Which of the following contains a peptide linkage? A) B) C) D) E) none of the above
37) Sugars are examples of what type of molecule? A) proteins B) carbohydrates C) nucleic acids D) amino acids E) salts
40) The principal difference between fructose and glucose is that __________. A) fructose is a disaccharide and glucose is a monosaccharide B) fructose is a monosaccharide and glucose is a disaccharide C) fructose is chiral and glucose is not D) glucose is chiral and fructose is not E) fructose is a ketone sugar and glucose is an aldehyde sugar
41) Which one of the following is a monosaccharide? A) fructose B) lactose C) sucrose D) maltose E) none of the above
42) Consider the following types of compounds: (i) amino acid (ii) nitrogen-containing organic base (iii) phosphoric acid (iv) five-carbon sugar From which of the above compounds are the monomers of nucleic acids, called nucleotides, formed? A) none B) (i) and (ii) C) (ii) and (iv) D) (ii), (iii), and (iv) E) all
43) The basic building block of nucleic acids is the __________. A) nucleoside B) nucleotide C) ester linkage D) nitrogen base E) phosphoric acid
44) The double helix of DNA is stabilized mainly by __________. A) ionic bonds B) covalent bonds C) ion-dipole bonds D) ester bonds E) hydrogen bonds
25.3 Short Answer Questions 1) Electron pairs surrounding the carbon atoms in alkanes are in a __________ arrangement.
3) Rotation around a carbon-carbon double bond is difficult, requiring energy but it is a key process in the chemistry of __________.
Answer: the small ring of cyclopropane forces the C-C-C bond angle to be significantly less than 109.5 of __________ the tetrahedral structure of C in propane. Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 25.3
9) Hydrogenation of an alkene requires high temperatures and a catalyst such as nickel. Why is this?
Answer: This is due to the large bond enthalpy of EMBED Equation.DSMT4 . Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 25.3
12) In the reaction of nitric acid with benzene, which isomer is formed when a second nitro group is substituted?
13) The addition of an alkyl halide to an aromatic ring compound is called the __________ reaction.
15) The anaerobic conversion of carbohydrates to ethanol is driven by the presence of __________.
17) The formation of aspirin by reacting salicylic acid with acetic acid is a __________ reaction.
20) The aromas of different fruit are due to the chemical compounds known as __________.
24) Living organisms must expend energy to counter any increase in __________.
25) Of the 20 amino acids found in our bodies, __________ of them must be ingested because our bodies cannot synthesize sufficient quantities of them.
26) Large protein molecules that act as catalysts are called __________.
27) The most important acidic and basic functional groups in all amino acids are the __________ and the ________ groups, respectively.
28) The condensation reaction of a carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of a second amino acid results in the formation of a __________.
30) The monomers of nucleic acids, called nucleotides, consist of three parts. These are __________.
Answer: phosphoric acid, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing organic base Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 25.10
25.4 True/False Questions 1) The overall polarity of organic molecules is high. Answer: False Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 25.1
2) Cyclobutane is more reactive than butane. Answer: True Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 25.3
3) The stability of benzene is a major function of delocalized bonding. Answer: True Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 25.3
4) Aldehydes are less reactive than ketones. Answer: False Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 24.4
5) A carbon with three or more attached groups will be chiral. Answer: False Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 25.5
6) Racemic mixtures of enantiomers do not rotate the plane of polarized light. Answer: True Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 25.5
7) The majority of glucose molecules exist in ring structure. Answer: True Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 25.8
8) Humans digest starch but not cellulose because of differences in the type of linkage between the glucose monomers of these substances Answer: True Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 25.8
9) The DNA double helix is held together by hydrogen bonds and London dispersion forces. Answer: True Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 25.10
Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Bursten/Murphy) The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry