Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ATIVIDADE 8 (clculos)
1) Obtenha a expresso geral para a srie de Taylor em torno da origem para cada uma
das funes abaixo:
a) f ( x ) = e x
b) f ( x ) = e x
f ( x ) = cosh ( x )
c)
d) f ( x ) = sinh ( x )
e) f ( x ) = cos ( x )
f ( x ) = ln ( 1 + x )
f)
Soluo:
Consideraremos x0 = 0 (srie de Maclaurin)
f(
a) a0 =
a1 =
a2 =
a3 =
a4 =
an
0)
( 0 ) = e0
0!
( 1)
f (0 )
1!
( 2)
f(
3)
( 0 ) e0
=
=
4!
( 1 )
=
n!
24
1
,
2
( 0 ) = e0
3!
(4)
e0
= 1 ,
1
( 0 ) e0
=
2!
= 1,
1
,
6
1
.
24
f ( n) ( x0 )
n!
b) a0 =
a1 =
a2 =
f ( 0 ) ( x0 )
( 1)
( 2)
0!
( x0 )
1!
2 xe x0 0
=
= =0,
1
1
2
0
( x0 ) = 4 x 2 e x
2!
f ( x0 )
( 3)
a3 =
3!
f ( x0 )
(4)
a4 =
4!
f ( x0 )
(5)
a5 =
5!
f ( x0 )
(6)
a6 =
a2 n
6!
( 1 )
=
a1 =
a2 =
f
f
( 2)
a4 =
a2 n =
0!
( x0 )
( x0 ) =
3!
a2 =
( x0 ) =
( 1 ) 2
=
n
!
2
cosh ( x0 )
1
sinh ( x0 )
1
cosh ( x0 )
1
= 1,
1
0
=0,
1
1
,
2
0
=0,
6
1
.
24
2
sinh ( x0 )
6
cosh ( x0 )
4!
24
1
1
ou ainda, an =
com n par.
2n!
n!
d) a0 =
a1 =
f ( 0 ) ( x0 )
( 1)
( 2)
0!
( x0 )
1!
( x0 ) =
2!
ou seja, an
2!
f ( x0 )
f
1!
( 4)
( 3)
a3 =
12 xe x0 8 x03 e x0 0
= = 0,
6
6
f ( 0 ) ( x0 )
( 1)
2e x0 2
= 1
=
2
2
n!
c) a0 =
e x0 1
=
= = 1,
1
1
sen h ( x0 )
1
cosh ( x0 )
1
sen h ( x0 )
2
0
=0,
1
1
= 1,
1
0
=0,
2
a3 =
a4 =
f ( 3 ) ( x0 )
3!
f
e) a0 =
a2 =
( x0 ) =
a4 =
a2 n
f ( 0 ) ( x0 )
( 1)
( 2)
0!
( x0 )
1!
( x0 ) =
2!
f ( x0 )
3!
f
(4)
a2 =
a3 =
a4 =
0
=0.
24
( 1)
cos ( x0 )
1
sen ( x0 )
1
cos ( x0 )
2
sen ( x0 )
6
24
ou seja, an =
1!
f ( 2 ) ( x0 )
2!
f ( 3 ) ( x0 )
3!
f ( 4 ) ( x0 )
1 )
(
=
1
= 1,
1
0
=0,
1
1
,
2
0
= 0,
6
1
.
24
n
0!
( x0 )
4!
( 1 ) 2
=
f ( 0 ) ( x0 )
n1
an
2n!
24
4!
f) a0 =
1
,
6
( x0 ) = cos ( x0 ) =
( 1 )
=
a1 =
6
sen h ( x0 )
1
1
ou simplesmente, an =
com n mpar.
n!
( 2n + 1) !
( 3)
a3 =
cosh ( x0 )
4!
a2 n + 1 =
a1 =
(4)
n!
ln ( 1 + x0 )
1
0
=0,
1
1
1
= = 1,
1 + x0 1
1
1
1
= ,
2
2 ( 1 + x0 )
2
1
2
1
= ,
3
6 ( 1 + x0 )
3
1
6
1
= .
4
24 ( 1 + x0 )
4
2) Obtenha a expresso geral para a srie de Taylor em torno da origem para cada uma
das funes abaixo:
x+ y
a) g ( x , y ) = e ( )
b) g ( x , y ) = e
x2 + y2
c) g ( x , y ) = sin ( x + y )
g( x , y ) = amn ( x x0 ) ( y y0 ) , onde
m = 0 n= 0
amn =
f xy
( mn )
( x0 , y0 )
m ! n!
Soluo:
Consideraremos x0 = 0 e y0 = 0
a) a00 =
a10 =
a01 =
a20 =
a11
a02
a30
a21
a12
a03
amn
f xy( 00 )
0 ! 0 !
f xy( 10 )
1! 0 !
01
f xy( )
0 ! 1!
f xy( 20 )
x0 + y0 )
e (
= 1,
x +y
e ( 0 0 )
= 1 ,
1
x +y
e ( 0 0 )
= 1 ,
1
x0 + y0 )
e (
1
,
2
2 ! 0 !
2
( 11)
( x0 + y0 )
f xy
e
=
=
= 1,
1! 1!
1
x +y
f xy( 02 )
e ( 0 0) 1
=
=
= ,
0 ! 2 !
2
2
( 30 )
( x0 + y0 )
f xy
e
1
=
=
= ,
3! 0 !
6
6
x +y
f xy( 21)
e ( 0 0 )
1
=
=
= ,
2 ! 1!
2
2
( 12 )
( x0 + y0 )
f xy
e
1
=
=
= ,
1! 2 !
2
2
( 03 )
( x0 + y0 )
f xy
e
1
=
=
= .
0 ! 3!
6
6
( 1 )
=
m+n
m ! n!
00 )
b) a00 =
f xy(
0 ! 0 !
x02 + y02
x02 + y02
f xy(
x02 + y02
01)
2 y0 e
a01 =
=
0 ! 1!
1
20 )
f xy(
2 ! 0 !
f xy
1! 1!
02 )
f xy(
0 ! 2 !
f xy(
3! 0 !
21)
a21 =
f xy(
2 ! 1!
f xy(
1! 2 !
f xy(
0 ! 3!
40 )
a40 =
f xy(
4 ! 0 !
( 31 )
a31 =
f xy
3! 1!
13 )
a13 =
f xy(
1! 3!
22 )
a22 =
f xy(
2 ! 2 !
( 04 )
a04 =
amn
=0,
x02 + y02
0 ! 4 !
)
=0,
x02 + y02
(4 y
=
2 e
( 12 x
=
(4 y
=
8 x02 y0 e
)
= 1 ,
8 x03 e
x02 + y02
=0,
x02 + y02
x02 + y02
)
=0,
2
8 x0 y02 e
( 12 y
=
)
=0,
8 y03 e
x02 + y02
)
=0,
( 12 48 x
=
2
0
+ 16 x04 e
x02 + y02
)
=
24
x02 + y02
x02 + y02
( 16 x
=
3
0
( 16 x
=
3
0 y0 24 x0 y0 e
y0 24 x0 y0 e
=0,
)
=0,
6
2
0
x02 + y02
+ 16 y04 e
24
x02 + y02
)
=
( 12 48 y
=
12 1
= ,
24 2
(4 8x
=
m n
! !
2 2
(4x
=
m+n
2
2
= 1 ,
2
(
4 x0 y0 ) e
(
=
2
0
f xy
( 1 )
=
03 )
a03 =
2 e
12 )
a12 =
=0,
2
0
2
0
30 )
a30 =
(4x
=
x02 + y02
( 11)
a02 =
f xy(
2 x0 e
a10 =
=
1! 0 !
1
a11 =
= 1,
10 )
a20 =
)
=
4
= 1,
4
12 1
= .
24 2
c) a00 =
a10 =
a01 =
a20
a11
a02
a30
a21
a12
a03
a40
a31
a13
a22
a04
a50
a41
a14
f xy( 00 )
0 ! 0 !
f xy( 10 )
1! 0 !
f xy( 01)
sin ( x0 + y0 )
1
cos ( x0 + y0 )
1
cos ( x0 + y0 )
=0,
= 1,
= 1,
1
sin ( x0 + y0 )
=
=
= 0,
2 ! 0 !
2
f xy( 11) sin ( x0 + y0 )
=
=
= 0,
1! 1!
1
f xy( 02 )
sin ( x0 + y0 )
=
=
=0,
0 ! 2 !
2
f xy( 30 ) cos ( x0 + y0 )
1
=
=
= ,
3! 0 !
6
6
( 21)
f xy
cos ( x0 + y0 )
1
=
=
= ,
2 ! 1!
2
2
( 12 )
f xy
cos ( x0 + y0 )
1
=
=
= ,
1! 2 !
2
2
( 03 )
f xy
cos ( x0 + y0 )
1
=
=
= ,
0 ! 3!
6
6
( 40 )
f xy
sin ( x0 + y0 )
=
=
=0,
4 ! 0 !
24
f xy( 31)
sin ( x0 + y0 )
=
=
=0,
3! 1!
6
f xy( 13 )
sin ( x0 + y0 )
=
=
=0,
1! 3!
6
f xy( 22 )
sin ( x0 + y0 )
=
=
=0,
2 ! 2 !
4
f xy( 04 )
sin ( x0 + y0 )
=
=
= 0,
0 ! 4 !
24
f xy( 50 ) cos ( x0 + y0 )
1
=
=
=
,
5 ! 0 !
120
120
f xy( 41) cos ( x0 + y0 ) 1
=
=
=
,
4 ! 1!
24
24
f xy( 14 ) cos ( x0 + y0 ) 1
,
=
=
=
1! 4 !
24
24
0 ! 1!
f xy( 20 )
a23 =
a32 =
a05 =
amn
f xy( 23 )
2 ! 3!
f xy( 32 )
3! 2 !
f xy( 05 )
0 ! 5 !
( 1 )
=
cos ( x0 + y0 )
=
=
=
12
cos ( x0 + y0 )
12
cos ( x0 + y0 )
120
1
,
12
1
,
12
1
.
120
m + n1
2
m ! n!
f ( x ) = an x , com an =
n
n= 0
a0 =
f(
n)
(0 )
.
n!
e k 0 1
= = 1,
1
1
2
2k 0 e k 0
0
= =0,
1!
1
2
2 2 kx 2
4k x e
2k
2ke kx
a2 =
=
= k ,
2!
2
2
2
12k 2 xe kx 8k 3 x 3 e kx
0
a3 =
= = 0,
3!
6
2
2 kx 2
3 2 kx 2
12k e
12k 2 1 2
48k x e
+ 16k 4 x 4 e kx
a4 =
=
= k ,
4!
24
2
a1 =
an
( k )
=
n!
Portanto, haprox ( k , N ) =
1 N
haprox ( k , N ) =
( k )
n! ( 2n + 1 )
n=0
( k )
n!
x 2 n dx =
n= 0
( k )
x 2 n+ 1
.
n! 2n + 1
0