-2.

5
HP

16 8 44

23

-3.0
42

22

LR

-3.5

350
30

-4.0 log (rH2S) (WG 1997) 300 -4.5 275 3 0.1 0.3

-5.0

250

-6.0

200 -0.01

-6.5

-7.0 -31 -29 -27 -25 -23 -21 -19 -17 -15 -13 -11 -9

-0.001

FT log (rCO2) + 4 log (rH2) - log (rCH4) (WG 1980)

100729957.xls.ms_office 6/17/2012

0.001

0.01

-5.5

225

43

325

12 5 LR

40 HP

-1
26

350 325 42 300 43

22

-2 log (rCO2) (WG 1997)

44

-3

275 3

30

-4

-6 -31 -29 -27 -25 -23 -21 -19 -17 -15 -13 -11 -9 FT log (rCO2) + 4 log (rH2) - log (rCH4) (WG 1980)
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-0.01

-5

200

-0.001

0.001

225

0.01

250

0.1

0.3

8 16

28 23

-4
22 30 42

23

-5

LR

44

-6 HSH 3log (rH2S) - log(rH2) (WG 1980)

43

-7

-8

-9

-10

-11

-12

-13

-31

-27

-23

-19

-15

-11

FT log (rCO2) + 4 log (rH2) - log (rCH4) (WG 1980)

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GRID RH =
2

-2.8

0 log(CH4/CO2)

-1
12 41 43 23

-2
8

15 3

26 23

-3
16

-4

-5

-6 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3
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GRID RH = -2.8
3
23 15 23 26

equilibrated vapor

equilibrated liquid

log(H2/Ar)

2
36 38 22 28 40 43 8 41 16 5 42 12

Argon Error
30

0
3 LR

-1

-2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

log(CO2/Ar)

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CO2-H2S-NH3 Ternary

CO2
LR 90% 80% 70% HP 5 38 12

40 41 42

60%
15 50% 36 8 40% 30% 20% 10% 2326 16 44 23 30 22 28

43 3

10 H2S

1000 NH3

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CH4 - CO2 - H2S Ternary

200 CH4 HP
5 90%12 38
275

200 225 250

Chart RH = Reservoir Temperature 200

-2.8

80% LR 70% 60%

300

41 42
100C

43 36 3 40 8
200C

50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

400 375 350

325

15

23
vapor trends from continuous boiling

26 44 23 28 16 30

22

CO2

10 H2S

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N2 - CO2 - Ar Ternary

100 N2
90%
Magmatic (N2/Ar = 800)

80%
70% 60% 50%
44 28 15 22 8 5 1636 Air (N2/Ar = 84) 30 1242 38 LR 43 23 41 3 40 HP

40%
CO2/N2 = 200 (White Island)

23

30%

ASW (N2/Ar = 38)

26

20%
10%

CO2

10000 Ar

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N2 - He - Ar Ternary

N2
44

90%
Magmatic

80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30%

23 23 26 15 28 8 16 (N2/Ar = 84) Air 22 5 36 30 1242 38 43 LR41 3 40 ASW (N2/Ar = 38) HP Meteoric .

20% 10%

1000 He Crustal

100 Ar

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Gas data input sheet

CCH Ternary CH4 CO2 H2S RH initial reservoir T

Copy data into columns inside bold box. Input values This will be the Input one of these values. are in black, fixed headings and calculations are in label plotted on the Percentages are decimals (e.g. blue. 1.75% = 1.75) charts Total noncondensible gas mole weight percent Sample Name Source Type Date Sample Label G/S x10^6 percent Ohinemutu fum 1000 3 North Kuirau 1000000 5 QE Hospital 18600 8 South Kuirau 1000000 12 Sulphur Point 280000 15 Polynesian Pool 13000 16 Well M9 well 2200 22 Ngapuna pool pool 12000 23 Ngapuna river stream 1000000 23 Placemakers 54000 26 Lake Rotokawa lake 710000 LR Hinemoa's Pool pool 1000000 HP Towntalk Motel 22000 28 Race Course 30 900 Mushroom Farm 36 209000 Arikikapakapa 38 1000000 Roto-a-Tamaheke 40 210000 Whakarewarewa 41 550000 Pohutu Mound 42 8700 Ngararatuatara 43 2500 FRI well well 44 5600

Results of mm/100mH2O Conversion Table 1 2 3 4 5 G/S 10^6 11110

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Sample Name

Source

Type

Date

Input mm/100mH2O Conversion Table Sample Label 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

CCH Ternary
factor

NCA Ternary
factor

NHA Ternary
factor column

XYZ Ternary
gas factor

200 1 10 -2.8 200

N2 CO2 Ar

100 1 10000

N2 He Ar

1 1000 100

i j k

CO2 H2S NH3

1 10 1000

Enter gas analysis as percentages of gases in decimals (e.g. 95.6% = 95.6). Include reported % air to calculate the percentage from air contamination. Include %O2 if reported, and % air, % N2 and % Ar will be calculated. Enter numbers less than detect negative numbers. Data will be plotted at the detection limit. mole percent of dry gas in analysis CO2 71.2 89.5 85.8 89.6 78.5 75.3 63.0 73.6 74.8 80.6 89.0 12.7 70.4 60.7 71.9 86.1 90.6 83.1 85.1 89.2 81.2 H2S 2.0 0.7 9.8 1.4 5.8 16.5 26.8 21.9 17.4 17.4 0.1 -0.1 18.2 20.1 8.6 1.5 4.2 4.4 4.2 5.6 15.6 NH3 0.200 0.001 0.010 0.004 0.002 0.020 0.085 0.046 0.002 0.009 0.001 0.076 0.042 -0.001 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.020 0.130 0.086 Ar 0.5100 0.0650 0.0430 0.0810 0.0710 0.0950 0.1100 0.0120 0.0410 0.0060 0.1400 1.9000 0.1000 0.2700 0.1900 0.1200 0.1000 0.1800 0.1400 0.0600 N2 25.6 5.7 3.9 5.8 7.5 7.9 8.8 1.1 2.6 0.3 8.9 80.4 10.2 18.4 14.0 8.1 4.4 10.4 9.1 3.8 0.6 CH4 0.28 3.79 0.19 2.95 0.47 0.03 0.08 0.34 0.71 0.32 1.39 4.70 0.15 0.11 0.72 2.45 0.27 1.25 1.20 0.85 0.26 H2 0.13 0.14 0.22 0.13 7.64 0.20 1.19 2.87 4.45 1.40 0.01 0.00 0.90 0.29 4.68 1.78 0.55 0.65 0.22 0.32 2.17 He 0.00058 0.00176 0.00020 0.00164 0.00033 0.00012 0.00062 0.00202 0.00310 0.00069 0.00320 0.01240 0.00043 0.00065 0.00290 0.00243 0.00094 0.00278 0.00212 0.00076 CO 0.0006 -0.00020 0.00030 0.00050 0.00050 0.00050 -0.00020 0.00470 0.00110 0.00280 -0.00010 -0.00100 -0.00020 -0.00040 -0.00090 -0.00020 -0.00020 0.00040 0.00110

CO2 89.92

H2S 2.25

NH3 0.45

Ar 0.09

mole percent of dry gas in analysis N2 CH4 H2 3.60 2.25 1.35

He 0.00

CO 0.00

CO2 999

H2S 25

NH3 5

Ar 1

millimoles gas per 100 moles H2O N2 CH4 H2 40 25 15

He 0.001

CO 0.01

CAR-HAR RH -2.8

COCO-CHCO RH -2.8

ir to calculate the percentage of N2 and Ar er numbers less than detection as

O2 (if reported) -0.030 0.052 -0.003 -0.007 -0.010 -0.007 -0.009 -0.004 0.015 -0.002 -0.003 0.300 -0.007 -0.020 -0.050 -0.006 -0.001 -0.010 -0.001 -0.010

%air contam

% air from sum of O2 analysis percentages 99.95 0.248 99.95 99.97 99.97 99.99 100.05 100.07 99.88 0.071 100.02 100.04 99.55 1.429 100.11 100.03 99.93 100.14 100.06 100.12 100.00 99.98 99.97 99.92

average mol. wt. 39.46 41.77 42.23 42.03 38.87 41.00 39.39 40.26 39.76 41.55 41.96 29.33 40.11 38.83 38.77 41.14 42.62 41.26 41.68 42.40 41.30

air N2 3%

air Ar 4%

2%

2%

1%

1%

O2 0.09

O2 1

Gas_Analysis_v1_Powell-2010-StanfordGW.xls Geochemical Plotting Spreadsheet

The charts and geothermometry report in this spreadsheet are described in an accompanying article by T Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, February 1-3, can be found in that document

This spreadsheet accepts gas analyses and plots them in standard ternary and geothermometer grids. D appear on all the graphics applicable to that data type. (Data may be cut, pasted and moved within the d calculations)

Charts can be edited directly as EXCEL97 graphics and certain grid dimentions (e.g. multipliers on ternar which can be changed on the 'input' sheet. Fields for changing these parameters are located above the d Data entry field: 1) 2)

Rows 11 through 40 accept data (30 analyses) for the plots. The first 4 columns (Sample Name, So and are there for user reference.

Sample Label' in column E is a text field that will determine the label for points of this data row on th

3)

Columns F, G or H accept total noncondensible gas concentration either as gas/steam molar ratio (t values is required. Enter 1000000 (g/s ratio) or 100% for hot spring or gas seep samples where the s other units will need to be converted to one of these units (i.e., 10*[mmole gas/100 mole H2O] = 10 6 is needed to calculate the "Y-T" geothermometers but not for the others. If no total gas concentratio

4)

Concentrations of individual gases are entered as "mole% of dry gas" and should sum to 100 in the concentrations reported as gas/steam ratio (in mm gas/mole H2O or mm gas/100 mole H2O) need t before input. Gas analyses reported as individual gas/steam ratios should be summed to yield total individual gases to find mole% of each. Negative values are interpreted a "below detection" and are

5)

If the gas analysis includes oxygen and an air correction to N2 and Ar concentrations has not been a correction will automatically be calculated to the right and the appropriate amount of air N2 and Ar w percent air contamination is given with the analysis and an air correction has been applied, enter the analysis.

6)

Columns to the right of the input field provide quality assurance measures of the analysis. 'sum of p input for the analysis, and should be 100.0%. 'average mol. wt.' gives the calculated molecular wei gas to mole ratio. '% air N2 and '% air Ar' give the percentages of these gases introduced by air in t indicate degraded accuracy in these consituents.

7)

Points plotted on the grids are accompanied by labels input in column E. Empty data rows (rows wit (-99) and their data labels are blank. Labels for incomplete data will sometimes be plotted outside th presentation by adjusting the plot ranges of the charts. This may, however, permanently remove the is recommended that graphs to be altered for presentation should be moved to a separate sheet (Me checkbox). Alternatively, labels can be easily assigned to data using the freeware X-Y labeller add-i (www.appspro.com/Utilities/ChartLabeler.htm)

Notes: Columns AE to AU are hidden. These cells copy the cells in the input field based upon fixed cell add 1) the input data field without changing cell addresses in the calculations. 2) 3)

Columns BR to DJ are hidden. These cells contain the geothermometer and ternary grid calculation

Two additional sheets used to generate the plots are hidden but available. Ggrid has the data for th for the ternary grids. Ref has reference plot data for the ternaries, including gas solubility calculation

4)

The Tchn ternary contains a CH4-CO2 geothermometer grid on the left and trend lines of gas deplet temperature (set in the input sheet) is the starting point for these trends. Temperatures of the trends sheet (three temperatures trends are calculated but only two are shown).

5)

The hidden Ggrid sheet contains the Y-T data for the N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3 (NAH) gas geothermometer others (see Powell, 2000), but it has not been included in this spreadsheet because if has been foun because its equilibration temperature is too high (400 deg C). Users of this spreadsheet are welcom geothermometer. Acceptable grids can be constructed with NAH on the x-axis of the chart and H2S flat to be useful.

6)

Due to its low concentration in geothemal samples, many of the CO analyses plotted in the COCOC Plot labels are only given for analyses above detection.

Version
Added user defined ternary (Txyz) Removed CO2-H2S-NH3 ternary. Can now be user defined in Txyz Fixed bug in CH4 address effecting FT geothermometer calculation 2 Fixed bugs in air contamination calculation

Added 0.001 and 0.01 negative Y to FT Y-T charts, calculated as gas lost from equlibrated liquid in o

Added unit conversion tables below data input field to convert gas analyses in mm/100mH2O to G/S bottom field, then copy values from upper output table to the input field of the spreadsheet. Sample analysis data, then copied to input field above

Charts are sized to A4 paper

Plotting Spreadsheet

n accompanying article by T Powell & W Cumming delivered at the 35th rd, California, February 1-3, 2010. References for the calculations and charts

nd geothermometer grids. Data are entered or pasted into the 'Input' sheet and sted and moved within the data entry field without changing cell addresses in the

ns (e.g. multipliers on ternary diagrams and RH factors on geothermometers) eters are located above the data entry field.

columns (Sample Name, Source, Type & Date) are not referenced by the plots points of this data row on the plots

as gas/steam molar ratio (times 10 6), mole% or weight%. Only one of these as seep samples where the sample is only gas (no steam). Total gas reported in le gas/100 mole H2O] = 10 6 g/s ratio). Total gas concentration or gas/steam ratio If no total gas concentration is known, input 100%

nd should sum to 100 in the column to the right of the input field. Individual gas m gas/100 mole H2O) need to be converted to mole% of the total gas fraction ld be summed to yield total gas, then divided by the gas/steam ratio of the a "below detection" and are plotted at the detection limit.

oncentrations has not been applied, enter the mole% oxygen and an air e amount of air N2 and Ar will be removed for the remainder of the analysis. If has been applied, enter the percent air contamination in the input field with the

es of the analysis. 'sum of percentages' gives the sum of the mole% values he calculated molecular weight of the gas, used to convert weight percent total e gases introduced by air in the raw gas analysis. High percentages (>10-20%)

Empty data rows (rows without input data) are plotted outside of the chart area etimes be plotted outside the chart area. These can be removed for ver, permanently remove the labels from the data range beyond the plot range. It oved to a separate sheet (Menu:"Edit"/"Move or Copy Sheet"/"Create a Copy" e freeware X-Y labeller add-in by AppsPro

eld based upon fixed cell addresses, so that data can be cut/pasted and moved in and ternary grid calculations

e. Ggrid has the data for the gas geothermometry grids. Tgrid has the plot data ding gas solubility calculations in the CH4-CO2-H2S ternary (Tcch).

and trend lines of gas depletion at different temperatures. Initial reservoir Temperatures of the trends can be changed or added from the hidden "Ref" .

(NAH) gas geothermometer proposed by Giggenbach, D'Amore & Truesdell and et because if has been found to rarely work for geothermal gases, probably his spreadsheet are welcome to construct their own grids with this x-axis of the chart and H2S, HSH or CO2 on the y-axis. The FT-NAH grid is too

lyses plotted in the COCOCHCO geothermometer ratio grid are below detection.

st from equlibrated liquid in one step boiling

ses in mm/100mH2O to G/S ratio and mole% dry gas. Input mm/100m data in of the spreadsheet. Sample name, date, etc can be input opposite mm/100m