Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
aspx
Ads by Google
Efficiency
Energy conversion takes place in two stages.
The first part of the conversion is efficiency of the boiler and combustion. For this example we take 88 % on an HHV basis that is the normal range for a well-optimized power plant. Second part is the steam cycle efficiency. Modern Rankine cycle, adopted in coal fired power plants, have efficiencies that vary from 32 % to 42 %. This depends mainly on the steam parameters. Higher steam perssure and temperatures in the range of 600 C and 230 bar have efficiencies around 42 %. We assume a value of 38 % for our case. The overall conversion efficiency then is (38% x 88%) 33.44 %.
Heat Rate
Heat rate is the heat input required to produce one unit of electricity. (1 kw hr)
One Kw is 3600 kJ/hr. If the energy conversion is 100 % efficient then to produce one unit of electricity we require 3600 kJ. After considering the conversion efficiency in a power plant we require an heat input of (3600 / 33.44% ) 10765 kJ/ kw hr.
Coal Quantity
Since coal has a heat value of 20,000 kJ/kg, for producing one kw.hr we require (10765 / 20000) 0.538 kg of coal. This translates to (0.538 x 100 x 1,000) 53800 kg/hr (53.8 T/hr) of coal for an output of 100 MW.
Coal Cost
Basic cost of coal depends on the market conditions. Transportation costs, regional influences and government taxes are also part of the cost. Coal traders web sites give base prices in the international market.
We take a coal price of around 65 $ / Ton. The cost of coal consumed by 100 MW power plant is (53.8 x 65) 3497 $ /hr A 100 MW unit produces 100,000 units of electricity. So the cost of coal per unit of electricity is (3497/100,000) 3.5 cents per unit.
Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant: The Basic Steps and Facts
Written by: johnzactruba Edited by: Lamar Stonecypher Updated Sep 8, 2011 Related Guides: Carbon Dioxide | Steam | Electricity This article explains the basics of the working of a coal fired thermal power plant.
More than half of the electricity generated in the world is by using coal as the primary fuel. The function of the coal fired thermal power plant is to convert the energy available in the coal to Electricity. Coal power plants work by using several steps to convert stored energy in coal to usable electricity that we find in our home that powers our lights, computers, and sometimes, back into heat for our homes. image provided by the Tennessee Valley Authority
The second stage is the thermodynamic process. 1. The heat from combustion of the coal boils water in the boiler to produce steam. In modern power plant, boilers produce steam at a high pressure and temperature. 2. The steam is then piped to a turbine. 3. The high pressure steam impinges and expands across a number of sets of blades in the turbine. 4. The impulse and the thrust created rotates the turbine. 5. The steam is then condensed and pumped back into the boiler to repeat the cycle. Stage 3
Gypsum board equipment en.cnbbm.com
china manufacture, direct supply quality promice, stable function
Ads by Google In the third stage, rotation of the turbine rotates the generator rotor to produce electricity based of Faradays Principle of electromagnetic induction. Check out this series describing the layout of thermal power plants.
Around 2 million tons of coal will be required each year to produce the continuous power. Coal combustion in the boiler requires air. Around 1.6 million cubic meter of air in an hour is delivered by air fans into the furnace. The ash produced from this combustion is around 200,000 tons per year. Electrostatic precipitators capture almost all of this ash without dispersing this to the atmosphere. Pollutants from coal power plants like carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide can also affect the environment. Thermal power plants are the biggest producers of Carbon Dioxide. The boiler for typical 500 MW units produces around 1600 tons per hour of steam at a temperature of 540 to 600 degrees Centigrade. The steam pressures is in the range of 200 bar. The boiler materials are designed to withstand these conditions with special consideration for operational safety.
Heat transfer from the hot combustion gases to the water in the boiler takes place due to Radiation and convection. The Electrical generators carry very large electric currents that produce heat and are be cooled by Hydrogen and water. The steam leaving the turbine is condensed and the water is pumped back for reuse in the boiler. To condense all the steam it will require around 50,000 cubic meter per hour of cooling water to be circulated from lakes, rivers or the sea. The water is returned to the source with only an increase of 3 to 4 degrees centigrade to prevent any effect to the environment. Apart from the cooling water the power plant also requires around 400 cubic meter per day of fresh water for making up the losses in the water steam cycle.
Introduction
With the world on a development spree, there is shortage of power in most places whilst the demand seems to be in a never ending upward spiral. There are several answers to this challenge such as the nuclear power plants, but the conventional thermal power plants also play an equally important role in this power equation. Learn about these power plants in this article.
Ads by Google
The above breakdown of the plant would give you a clear idea about the components of the plant but a complete picture shown below would be more useful in getting an idea how these circuits are integrated together to form the complete power plant.
References
Image of Power Plant Layout: Arora, S.C. & Domkundwar, S. (1993) A Course in Power Plant Engineering. Delhi: Dhanpat Rai & Sons.
You might think that selecting a site for a thermal power plant is based on requirements of power of the nearby regions but it is not so in actual practise. The engineer needs to take dozens of factors into account before commencing such a project and here is a list of the same.
Introduction
Selecting a proper site for a thermal power plant is vital for its long term efficiency and a lot many factors come into play when deciding where to install the plant. Of course it may not be possible to get everything which is desirable at a single place but still the location should contain
an optimum mix of the requirements for the settings to be feasible for long term economic justification of the plant.
Ads by Google
Ash if the main byproduct of combustion and since the amount of coal used is huge, you can intuitively imagine the amount of ash generated and it is certainly in the region of thousand tons per day. Ash is much more difficult to handle as compared to coal since it comes out hot from the boiler and is very corrosive in nature. Disposing of such huge quantities of ash requires a large amount of empty space where it can be safely dumped. There must be ample space for the storage of coal, disposal of ash, building of the power plant, residential colony of workers, markets and so forth. An approximate analysis suggests that for every MW of power generated there must be at least 3 acres of land available for the purpose. Hence the power plant site needs to have good amount of land and this land should have good bearing capacity in order to survive the static and dynamic loads during the operation of the plant.
As we saw in the previous article of this series, large amount of water is required for cooling purposes in the power plant hence it is better if such a source is available nearby in the form of rivers etc. Apart from these major requirements there are also other requirements which are equally important such as the availability of skilled people to work for the plant and good transport facilities in the vicinity. Hence we see that setting up a thermal power plant requires a lots of factors to be considered simultaneously.