Bihar Dar University Institute Of Technology

School of Computing and Electrical Engineering

Intern ship report

By Yewlsew Mekonen
R/1420/2001

Host company: Amhara mass media agency

Duration of intern ship: 3 months(march--may)

Monitor: Mr. Esubalew

Submission date: June 12, 2012

Declaration of the student and approval of the monitor

I want to declare that the internship practice has been done from 7/2/2004- 30/9/2004 in E.C .I have been working in Amhara mass media agency specially TV studio, FM, AM studio and video editing. During this time, I have gained how audio /video can be transmitting from the studio and video editing.

Esubalew

Teshome

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Acknowledgment
First of all I would like to thanks to Bahir Dar University institute of technology for giving a chance to have practice time to make me an experienced man And I am very pleased to express my gratitude to many people who contributed to my company practice. First I would like thanks to Mr. Esubalew who guided me by giving suggestion, comments and informations about the project (task). Next to this I would like to thank Amhara mass media agency for accepting my request to do practice in the studio and also Mr. Teshome and Bekelech for advising me in the studio. Finally I like to thanks those persons who help me in the studio to have practical knowledge in every situation

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Executive Summary
This report is express about the internship experience that I have under taken during the last three months. In this report I have tried to list the overall aspects of the internship experience. I have briefly summarized what is expected in the next chapters in this report. In the first unit of the report, it provides general information about the hosting company. It starts from the brief history of the company and from the time it has been established. In second unit of the report it describes mainly about the internship experience. It starts by describing the sections I had been working on and continues to tell the different types of tasks that I had accomplished. It also tells the challenges that I had faced during the internship experience. In third unit of the report it describes the overall benefits that I have gained from this internship experience. It further divides the overall benefits into details and tries to explain them.

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Table of Contents
Declaration of the student and approval of the monitor ........................................................................... i Acknowledgment ................................................................................................................................... iii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ iv 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Brief history of the Organization .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Main products of the company ....................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Main customers ............................................................................................................................. 2 1.4 Over all organization structure of the company............................................................................... 3 1.6 Work flow in the section ................................................................................................................ 4 2. over all internship experience .............................................................................................................. 5 2.1 How I get into the company ........................................................................................................... 5 2.2The section I have been working on ................................................................................................ 5 2.3 Getting to know the studio ............................................................................................................. 5 2.3.1 Studio systems ........................................................................................................................ 5 2.4 Studio Equipment .......................................................................................................................... 5 2.4.1 Source equipment .................................................................................................................... 6 2.4.2 Mixer or console ..................................................................................................................... 6 2.4.3 FM tuner ................................................................................................................................. 7 2.4.4 Monitor speakers ..................................................................................................................... 7 2.4.5 Headphones ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.4.6 Telephone system.................................................................................................................... 7 2.4.7 Audio cables and connectors ................................................................................................... 7 2.5Television Studio ............................................................................................................................ 9 2.5.1 Major Installations ................................................................................................................ 10 2.5.2 Studio Monitors .................................................................................................................... 10 2.5.3 Program Speakers ................................................................................................................. 10 2.6 Studio Control Room ................................................................................................................... 10 2.7 Program Control .......................................................................................................................... 10 2.8 Switching .................................................................................................................................... 10 2.9 Audio Control .............................................................................................................................. 11 v

2.10 Lighting Control ........................................................................................................................ 11 2.11 Video Control ............................................................................................................................ 11 2.12 Basic Television System ............................................................................................................ 11 2.13 Expanded Studio and Electronic Field Production Systems......................................................... 12 2.14 Production Elements .................................................................................................................. 12 2.14.1 Camera ............................................................................................................................... 12 2.15 Audio......................................................................................................................................... 14 2.15.1Sound recording and playback devices ................................................................................. 15 2.15.2Videotape recorders ............................................................................................................ 15 3. Over all Benefits I gained from the Internship .................................................................................... 16 3.1 Theoretical Knowledge ................................................................................................................ 16 3.2 Interpersonal Communication Skills ............................................................................................. 16 3.3 Leadership Skills........................................................................................................................... 17 3.4 Work Ethics.................................................................................................................................. 17 4. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 18 5. Recommendation .............................................................................................................................. 19 References ............................................................................................................................................ 20 APPENDIX .............................................................................................................................................. 21

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1. Introduction
Bahir Dar FM is a government-run local radio station serving the city of Bahir Dar. It reaches a potential audience of 180,000 people living within a 10 km radius of its transmitter mast. The station broadcasts in Amharic for six hours per day from 10 to 16 .Its output includes phone-in programs. FM Bahir Dar is operated by the Amhara Mass Media Agency. This also runs the Medium Wave station, Amhara Radio, which serves a wider region. My internship host company is a service provider in Mass media. The name of the organization is called Amhara Mass Media Agency (AMMA).The organization was established by

the Amhara national regional state . The back ground of the Organization is as follows. 1.1 Brief history of the Organization
1. Establishment a) From 1993-1995 under Following the regional bureau reform, the media was established in 1985 Information bureau in 3-division radio, television, and press public relation And news service departments with limited equipments and professionals. b) From 1996-2001

Due to the structural reform, of 1996Bureau of information united with Cultural and tourism as cultural tourism and information Bureau on proclamation number 4/1996. in 1997 it started (a one hour daily radio and 30 mints a week Television via Ethiopian radio and Television and Agency. 2. Development From 2000-2003 Consequently, the Agency prepared a new structure that have three Departments (Radio, and audience Research, news Agency. engineering, TV) In 2002 Immediately after the new structure the agency strove to fill 113 vacancies of the 127. Moreover, the agency has provided a short and long term training to capacitate its workers.

1.2 Main products of the company The main product of the company transmitting Information through radio, TV and improve
production and distribution of bikur magazine in the region .general speaking the media plays great role to the realization of development and democratization process. Hence mass media agency launches the first magazine in the region- Bekur magazine, Radio and Television Transmission. A study has been undergone to improve production and distribution of bikur magazine In order to upgrade radio transmission the agency fixed a medium wave transmitter at zeghe by the support of the regional government and SIDA. Hence transmission period increased from one hour a day in to six hour by 801 KHz medium wave from 12:00-3:00 morning and 11:00 2:00 in the evening, since june 10 ,1997 and also launches FM bahir dar from Monday up to Friday from 3:00 up to 5:00 and 8:30 10:30 Saturday and Sunday from 3:00 7:00 Since august 9 2007 the agency increased television transmission in to 3 hours a week in agreement with Ethiopian radio and television agency.

1.3 Main customers The mian customers of Amhara mass media agency is that the people those are living within Amhara region as well as the people of Ethiopia i.e The customers of the Organization are mainly
the society of the Amhara region and the ANRS.

1.4 Over all organization structure of the company

Executive

General Manager

Department manager

Plan and audience

Income Division

Radio and television Press and news Radio & newes Press television News & Agency Radio and television professionals Printing engineering engineering

Fig 1 Over all organizational structure

1.6 Work flow in the section

The work flows are the process which frames works or flow of work within standards of work procedure. The work is being processed first is put into in the higher level of hierarchy.

Executive gjuxxBoard chjkcfdihys hcBoardBoar General d Manager

Deputy manager M

Radio

Press& News

televisi on

techn ical

Plan&s upport

finance

Admin& general

Reform training

Audio

TVprod uction Prog.unit News &FM Magazine News FM producti on production

Radioprod uction

Human resourcema nager

Store .service

Record&docmen tation

News agency division

Fig 2 work flow in section

2. over all internship experience

2.1 How I get into the company
In TVET curriculum the students have an apparent ship program in 8 th semester of their academic year. According to this the universitys give me the choose to have practice in any company .Then I would like to do practice in Amhara mass media agency and the company accents my request paper.

2.2The section I have been working on

Amhara mass media agency was assign in to practices in TV studio firstly, FM studio secondly, video editing & AM studio and I was start my practice in this section. I have gained theoretically as well as practically knowledge from this internship. I am worked together with the companies worker from 1/7/2004 30/9/2004 E.C. In this pared I am understand many experiences like. i. ii. iii. iv. v. How tv studio works FM studio works AM studio works Video editing All about studio equipments

2.3 Getting to know the studio

The studio-suite, that is the studio and its associated control centre, is the workshop of broadcasting. A thorough knowledge of its characteristics and facilities is essential for any radio producer.

2.3.1 Studio systems

The group of studios in a broadcasting centre is known as the studio complex. In a simple centre it may consist of only one studio and a control booth. In a large broadcasting centre it will have several studios of different sizes, recording rooms, an echo chamber, a master control and switching room, and a quality control room. The various units of the complex are interconnected and can be joined together in a variety of combinations-more than one studio may, for instance, be used in a single production where isolation of the different sound elements is needed. There are two principal systems of operational control. In the continuity system all program material, whether from another studio, or from tape, or from an outside broadcast point passes through a studio where an announcer and a technical operator are on continuous duty. In this system the announcers continuity studio has final control of all program material before it leaves the broadcasting centre for the transmitter.

2.4 Studio Equipment Studio equipments can be classified as source equipments example computers, microphone,
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and other let us see on by one as follow . 2.4.1 Source equipment

The source equipment in a studio may include CD players, turntables, and cassette Players or even reelto-reel tape players. Of course, none of this equipment is required for a radio station you only need as much of it as you want to use.

2.4.1.1 Computers
There are a number of uses for computers in the studio, and the requirements for a computer will depend on its intended use. If you only want a computer for internet access, you won't need a fast processor, a giant hard drive, a fancy soundcard, or really anything beyond the bare minimum. If you want to stream your programming over the internet, you won't need a fancy computer, but you'll need one computer

dedicated for encoding and streaming whenever you're on the air. 2.4.1.2 Microphones
A studio should have one microphone for each DJ or host and a few for the guests. Try not to have more than 4 microphones total in the any studio having lots of microphones active at once leads to a lot of background noise. Guests can share microphones if need be! Microphones can be either directional or Omni-directional. Directional microphones only pick up sound waves from one direction, and as a result pick up less ambient noise (equipment hum, paper-shuffling, etc). Omni directional microphones pick up sound from all directions, and are therefore useful for speakers who don't have experience using microphones or will be moving a lot while talking.

2.4.2 Mixer or console

An audio mixer takes input from multiple audio sources and lets the user determine which channels to use in the output, and at what levels. A console is generally the same thing as a mixer, but sometimes has some additional fancy features used just for radio. A mixer or console is essential for any station that will broadcast using multiple audio sources. A nice mixer should have ample channels to accommodate all audio sources and easily visible level meters with sliding controls. Another useful feature is monitor muting, which automatically mutes the studio monitor speakers whenever a microphone channel is on. Without this, the sound from the speakers goes back into the microphone and creates feedback, if the mixer does not include automatic monitor muting, you can make or buy a speaker muting device that does this automatically, or the DJ can mute the speakers manually to avoid feedback.

2.4.3 FM tuner
It is important to have an FM tuner so the DJ can listen to the signal that is being sent over the airwaves. The receiver should be tuned to the frequency at which the station is broadcasting. The DJ can switch between the on-air signal and the console signal to make sure the station is broadcasting loud and clear.

2.4.4 Monitor speakers

Monitor speakers let the DJ listen to what they are playing. The monitor speakers might be internally amplified, or might require an external amp for power. The best monitor speakers have a flat response so that the sound coming out of the speakers sounds as much as possible like the audio going into them, but any old speakers will work in a pinch.

2.4.5 Headphones
There should be enough headphones for the DJs or Hosts, and as many guests as will be in the studio. Headphones tend to wear out quickly, so durability is an important consideration if you want to avoid replacing them frequently. It's also a good idea to keep a couple pairs in reserve. If there are lots of headphones in the studio, you might want a Headphone amplifier to split up the signal and allow all of the guests to set their listening level to whatever is comfortable for them.

2.4.6 Telephone system

Most studios will have at least one telephone. If you plan to put callers on the air, you will need a Telephone Hybrid. The hybrid feeds the signal from the phone line into the console, and feeds another signal back to the caller. More complex (and more expensive) caller management systems are also available to handle multiple calls in cue, and sometimes do audio processing with the phone signal as well.

2.4.7 Audio cables and connectors

Audio cables transmit audio signals from one place to another, such as from an audio source to the console. You will likely need an assortment of connectors to make custom cables, depending on what equipment you use.

Fig. 3 Transmitter Room Setup 8

Fig. 4 Discussion Room

2.5Television Studio
a) Floor: the studio floor must be even and level so that cameras can travel smoothly and freely. It should also be hard enough to withstand the moving about of heavy equipment, scenery, and set properties. Most studios have concrete floors that are polished or covered with linoleum, tile, or hard plastic. b) Air-conditioning : Because television studios typically have no windows (to keep out noise and light), air-conditioning is essential. Incandescent studio lights generate a great amount of heat, which has an adverse effect on performers and delicate electronic equipment. Unfortunately, many air-conditioning systems are too noisy for studio productions and must be turned off during the recording of a showjust when cool air is needed the most. c) Doors: Studios need heavy, soundproof doors that are large enough to accommodate scenery, furniture, and even vehicles. Few things are more frustrating than trying to squeeze scenery and properties through undersized studio doors or to have the doors transmit outside sounds, such as a fire truck screaming by, right in the middle of a show.

2.5.1 Major Installations

All studios need major installations that facilitate the production process. Intercommunication system : the intercommunication system, or intercom, allows all production and engineering personnel actively engaged in a production to be in constant voice contact with one another. For example, the director, who sits in the control room physically isolated from the studio, has to rely totally on the intercom to communicate cues and instructions to the production team. In most small stations, the P.L.(private line or phone line) system is used. Each member of the production team wears a telephone headset with an earphone and a small microphone for talkback.

2.5.2 Studio Monitors

Studio monitors are high-quality television sets that display the video feed from the program switcher. Contrary to the television set in your home, a monitor cannot receive a broadcast signal. A studio monitor is an important production aid for both crew and talent. The production crew can see the shots the director has selected and thus anticipate their future tasks. For example, if you see that the on-the-air camera is on a close-up rather than a long shot, you can work closer to the set without getting into camera range. Also, after seeing that one camera is on a close-up, the other camera operators can go to different shots to give the director a wider choice. The studio monitor is essential for the newscaster to see whether the various tape or live inserts are actually appearing as per the script. Sometimes laptop computer screens serve as monitors for news anchors. In audience participation shows, several studio monitors are usually provided so that the studio audience can see how the event looks on-screen.

2.5.3 Program Speakers

The program speakers (also called audio monitors) fulfill a function for audio similar to what the studio monitors do for video. Whenever necessary they Can feed into the studio the program sound or any other sounddance music, telephone rings, or other sound effectsto be synchronized with the studio action.

2.6 Studio Control Room

The control room, adjacent to the studio, is where all the production activities are coordinated. Here the director, the associate director (AD), the technical director (TD), and a variety of producers and production assistants make the decisions concerning maximally effective picture and sound sequences, which are to be videotaped or broadcast live.

2.7 Program Control

Program control does not mean the critical examination, or perhaps even censoring, of program content; it refers to the equipment the director needs to select and organize the various video and audio inputs so that the end result makes sense to the viewing audience. The program control area of the control room is equipped with (1) video monitors, (2) speakers for program sound, (3) intercom systems, and (4) clocks and stopwatches.

2.8 Switching
Switching refers to the selection and proper sequencing of video images as supplied by cameras or other video sources. It also includes the control of video special effects. The main piece of image control equipment is the switcher, which is located next to the directors position . Although the director and the person doing the switching (usually the technical director) are connected

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via the P.L., the director often resorts to pointing and finger snapping to speed up the cues to the TD. In small stations the director sometimes does his or her own switching, but that arrangement has more disadvantages than advantages. The C.G. is also located in the control room so that the C.G. operator can call up the various preprogrammed titles or create new ones even during the show.

Fig. 5 switching

2.9 Audio Control

The audio control booth can be considered a small radio station adjacent to the studio control room. It usually houses the audio console and a patch bay (or patch panel), as well as audiotape recorders, DAT machines, CD and DVD players, or other read/write digital devices. The audio engineer can listen to a cue speaker when cueing an upcoming audio source and the program sound on high-quality program speakers. The audio booth also contains a clock and a line monitor.

2.10 Lighting Control

The lighting control board can be located in the control room or in a corner of the studio. The advantage of placing it in the control room is that the lighting director (LD) has close contact with other control room personnel. The lighting control operator is, as are all other production team members, connected with the director via the P.L. system.

2.11 Video Control

The video controls allow the video operator to achieve optimal pictures. Most often the cameras are set up for the prevailing lighting before the show, and then adjusted as necessary during the show.

2.12 Basic Television System

A system is a collection of elements that work together to achieve a specific purpose. Each of the elements is dependent on the proper workings of all the others, and none of the individual elements can do the job alone. The television system consists of equipment and people who operate that equipment for the production of specific programs. Whether the productions are simple or elaborate, or originate in the studio or in the fieldthat is, on locationthe system works on the same basic principle: the television camera converts whatever it sees (optical images) into electrical signals that can be temporarily stored or directly reconverted by the television set into visible screen images. The microphone converts whatever it hears (actual sounds) into electrical signals that can be temporarily stored or directly 11

reconverted into sounds by the loudspeaker. In general, the basic television system transducers (converts) one state of energy (optical image, actual sound) into another (electrical energy).

2.13 Expanded Studio and Electronic Field Production Systems

The basic television system is considerably expanded when doing a television production in the studio or in the field, such as a telecast of a sporting event. The expanded system needs equipment and procedures that allow for the selection of various pictures and sound sources; for the control and monitoring of picture and sound quality; for the recording, playback, and transmission of pictures and sound; and for the integration of additional video and audio sources.

2.14 Production Elements

With the expanded television system in mind, we briefly explore eight basic production elements: (1) the camera, (2) lighting, (3) audio, (4) switching, (5) videotape recording, (6) tapeless systems (7) postproduction editing, and (8) special effects. When learning about television production, always try to see each piece of equipment and its operation within the larger context of the television system, that is, in relation to all the other pieces of equipment that are used and the people who use themthe production personnel. It is, after all, the skilled and prudent use of the television equipment by the production team, and not simply the smooth interaction of the machines, that gives the system its value. 2.14.1 Camera The most obvious production elementthe cameracomes in all sizes and configurations. Some cameras are so small that they fi t easily into your coat pocket, whereas others are so heavy that you have to strain yourself to lift them onto a camera mount. Portable cameras are often used for ENG and EFP. Many ENG/EFP cameras are camcorders that combine the camera and the videotape recorder in one unit, much like popular consumer models. The ENG/EFP camcorders, however, are of higher quality and cost considerably more. It is often the high-quality lens that distinguishes a professional ENG/EFP camera from a high-end consumer model. Some ENG/EFP cameras are built so that they can dock with a videotape recorder, a digital disc, or hard drive recording unit; such units are simply plugged into the back of the camera to form a camcorder. .

Fig. 6 Professional Camcorder

.

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The studio television camera has three fundamental parts: the lens, the camera itself, and the view finder. The lens: In all photography (meaning writing with light), the lens selects part of the visible environment and produces a small optical image of it. In standard still and movie cameras, the image is then projected onto fi lm; in digital still cameras and television cameras, it is projected onto the imaging device, which converts the light from the optical image into an electrical signal. All television cameras have a zoom lens, which allows you to smoothly and continuously change from a long shot (showing a wide vista) to a close-up view without moving either the camera or the object you are photographing. The camera itself :The camera is principally designed to convert the optical image as projected by the lens into an electrical signalthe video signal. As mentioned earlier, the major conversion element is the imaging device, a small electronic chip called the CCD (charge-coupled device). It responds to light in a manner that resembles a light meter. When the CCD receives a large amount of light, it produces a strong video signal (just as the needle of a light meter goes way up); when it receives faint light, it produces a weak signal (just as the light meter needle barely moves from its original position). Other optical and electronic components enable the camera to reproduce the colors and the light-and-dark variations of the actual scene as accurately as possible, as well as to amplify the relatively weak video signal so that it can be sent to the camera control unit without getting lost along the way. For both analog and digital cameras, the basic imaging devices are the same. The viewfinder :The viewfinder is a small television set mounted on the camera that shows what the camera is seeing. Most viewfinders of professional cameras are monochrome, which means that the display is in black-andwhite. Many consumer camcorders and some high-quality studio cameras, on the other hand, have color viewfinders, so you can see the color pictures that the camera delivers. Generally, black-and-white viewfinders show more picture detail than color displays do, which makes it easier to achieve sharp focus. Mounting equipment :Portable cameras and camcorders are designed to rest more or less comfortably on your shoulder. But even a small, handheld camcorder can get quite heavy when you operate it for prolonged periods of time. In such cases a tripod not only relieves you of having to carry the camera but also ensures steady pictures. The heavy studio cameras also need mounts; these range from tripods, similar to those used for ENG/EFP cameras, to large cranes. lighting Like the human eye, the camera cannot see well without a certain amount of light. Because it is not objects we actually see but the light reflected off of them, manipulating the light falling on objects influences the way we perceive them on-screen. Such manipulation is called lighting. Lighting has four broad purposes: 1. to provide the television camera with adequate illumination for technically acceptable pictures 2. to tell us what the objects shown on-screen actually look like 3. to show us where the objects are in relation to one another and to their immediate environment, and when the event is taking place in terms of time of day or season 4. to establish the general mood of the event. Types of illumination :All television lighting basically involves two types of illumination: directional and diffused. Directional light has a sharp beam and produces harsh shadows. You can aim the light beam to illuminate a precise area. A flashlight and car headlights produce directional light. Diffused light has a

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wide, indistinct beam that illuminates a relatively large area and produces soft, translucent shadows. The fluorescent lamps in a department store produce diffused lighting. Studio lighting consists of carefully controlling light and shadow areas. The lighting requirements for electronic field production are usually quite different from those for studio work. In electronic news gathering, you work mostly with available light or occasionally with a single lighting instrument that gives just enough illumination for the camera to record an event relatively close to the camera.

2.15 Audio
Although the term television does not include audio, the sound portion of a television show is nevertheless one of its most important elements. Television audio not only communicates precise information but also contributes greatly to the mood and the atmosphere of a scene. If you were to turn off the audio during a newscast, even the best news anchors would have difficulty communicating their stories through facial expressions, graphics, and video images alone. The aesthetic function of sound (to make us perceive an event or feel in a particular way) becomes obvious when you listen to the background sounds during a crime show, for example. The squealing tires during a high-speed chase are real enough, but the rhythmically fast, exciting background music that accompanies the scene is definitely artificial. After all, the getaway car and the police car are not followed in real life by a third vehicle with musicians playing the background music. But we have grown so accustomed to such devices that we probably would perceive the scene as less exciting if the music were missing. The various audio production elements are microphones, ENG/EFP and studio sound control equipment, and sound recording and playback devices.

Fig.7 Portable Lighting Instruments

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2.15.1Sound recording and playback devices: Even when an event is recorded on videotape for postproduction, its sounds are usually recorded at the same time as the picture. In ENG the pictures, the reporters voice, and the ambient sounds are picked up and recorded simultaneously. In EFP most speech sounds, such as an interviewers questions and the interviewees answers, are recorded on location with the picture. 2.15.2Videotape recorders: Because videotape will be in use for some time to come, you must acquaint yourself with the basics of videotape recording. All videotape recorders, analog and digital, work on the same principle: they record video and audio signals on a single strip of plastic videotape and later reconvert them into signals that can be seen as pictures and heard as sound on a television receiver. Most VTRs use videotape cassettes, similar to the ones you use in your camcorder or home VCR (videocassette recorder). Professional videotape recorders are similar to a home machine, except that they have more operational controls, more-rugged tape drives, and more-sophisticated electronics that ensure higher-quality pictures and sound.

Fig .8 Videotape Recorder

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3. Over all Benefits I gained from the Internship

During my internship at Amhara mass media agency I had gain so many benefits from the internship. During these three months of my internship program I was able to bridge the gap between student life and professional life. This internship program provided me a platform to introduce myself in professional field. I greatly benefited from working with the dedicated professionals in the company. The company has provided a conductive working atmosphere among the staffs. This has opened doors for me to understand what is waiting for me when I finish my graduate studies at this field. This internship experience has made me respect the company advisor stream more and more throughout these three months. I am very glad to get opportunity to be a part of this internship program.

Having a dedicated advisor and mentors made the outcome of this experience very fruitful. I had the opportunity to ask question. In short this internship work more interesting rather than being tedious and routines. In overall within these three months I had the opportunity to improve my theoretical knowledge, my interpersonal communication skills, team playing skills, leadership skills and etc. In the next pages I will try to describe what I have learnt in the different aspects that I have mentioned before.

3.1 Theoretical Knowledge

I have been able to gain a great deal of knowledge in this internship. Among them I will try to mention some of them. They are a) Learning the different studio equipments and their application in the studio. b) Learning and reading different manuals that were used as guidance. c) Learning different kinds of electronics devise and their use in real life. example, mixer, mic , pc, video switcher , monitor and soon.

3.2 Interpersonal Communication Skills

During the internship I had been able to do different kinds of tasks. At that time I have gained confidence on how: a) to ask different questions b) to make discussions with workers example eritor, technicial.

c) to answer questions when my supervisor asked me.

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I am improving interpersonal communication skills since the role of interpersonal skills are need to be communicate, interact and gate along with other people. Those with this kind of skills can interpret other people and are always aware how their behavior impacts them. It upwards mobility, develop teamwork and for better success. The development of interpersonal skills being early in life and is influenced by family, friends and our observation. So communicating skills had to come handy at these times. In short, during these three months I had been able to upgrade my speaking skills.

3.3 Leadership Skills

At the company I have been able to see different workers in hierarchy work and lead the company in straight way. During these times I have been able to observe that one should have great skills to be a leader. Among them: a) Good speaking ability. b) To have the ability to listen to others. c) To be decisive. d) Good management skills. e) To know the subject one is working on thoroughly.

3.4 Work Ethics

My supervisor was always advising me that I should be an ethical and responsible professional for the future. He has been showing how to develop this good behavior during my stay on the company with him. And also he told me lots of practical cases that related to work ethic that he could see when he was working in different company. On my stay in the company I was very punctual, daily attendant of the work & responsible to my profession. During this program I had developed my work ethics.

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4. Conclusion
As it is known, the main goal of internship program is to integrate the theoretically acquired concepts with a tangible practical demonstration. As such, technology students are more effective in achieving the intended learning competency as they have developed their practical knowledge in addition to what they have known theoretically. Therefore, the internship program must be continuous since it has a pivoted role inculcating a full-fledged skill besides enabling students to be self-confident. General speaking during the internship program a lots of knowledge and skills have been gained. This program helps students to develop practical knowledge that can be applied in the real world, how to solve the problems related to any professional areas, how to meet challenges. That probably encounters the intern in the future. Moreover, as it is explained above, the internship program has its own advantage on work ethics and other crosscutting issues

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5. Recommendation
Strength Since the company has good outlooks, attitudes and respect for inters, the intern suggest that the company must keep up as it deems necessary for the interns. The company has enough equipment. It plays a critical role to contribute community. Weakness . The company does not have enough class rooms. Therefore, it must construct other enough class room for the feature. The company does not allow me to use library at any time so the Company has to use different methods to develop /expand library for the future. Technician does not have manuals or modules. The company has to prepare enough manual/ handout and give it out to technician for the future and the company must put the copy of the manual in the library, so that technician can use of them whenever necessary.

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References
[1]. www.pcs. Electronics.com,catalog [2]. www.prometheusradio.org/sites/.../promethetheus_equipment_guide.pd.. [3].portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/pdf/configuration%2B manual pdf [4]. www.worcester.edu/.../Television%20production%20Hand book/secti [5]. Telos.system.com/

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APPENDIX TV television FM- frequency modulation AM- amplitude modulation AMMA- Amhara Mass Media Agency ANRS-Amhara national regional state CCD -charge-coupled device P.L. private line or phone line AD - associate director TD- the technical director VCR -videocassette recorder

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