HEAD UP DISPLAY SYSTEM

Guide : Mr. Vishal Sharma

Submitted by: Dishant Arora

Submitted to:
Mr. Sumit Buddhiraja

Roll no: ue85028

ECE(7th-sem)

INTRODUCTION

A head-up display system projects an image directly onto the human retina with low-energy lasers or LCDs. A head up display was first used by USA military

in 1933

A HUD - Head Up Display - is a means of presenting information to the pilot in the line of their external forward vision which projects key flight instrument data onto a small see-through screen positioned just in front of the pilot line of sight looking ahead out of the aircraft
Head-Up Display also known as HUD, is any type of display that presents data without blocking the user's view.

CLASSIFICATION OF HUD
ACCORDING TO REPERSENTAION: 2-D: The symbol or information presented in HUD is in two dimensional

3-D HUD: The image or information seen by user on HUD screen is in three dimensional.

ACCORDING TO POSITION: 1) Fixed HUD- In which the user looks through a display element attached to the airframe or vehicle chassis.

2) Helmet-mounted or head-mounted: In which the display element moves with the user's head. The user must wear a helmet or other headgear which is securely fixed to the user's head.

CHARACTERSTICS OF HUD

HUDs have in common the following characteristics: The display element is largely transparent. The information is projected with its focus at infinity . HUD must be compact and lightweight

HUD SYSTEM COMPONENT

A computer to receive data and generate display symbology. An overhead unit to mount the cathode ray tube (CRT) which projects the assembled image onto the transparent display screen in front of the pilot. The transparent display screen - called a combiner which is a holographic optical element made of glass or plastic that reflects the projected image towards the pilots eyes without interfering with the passage of ambient light.

A control panel to allow selection by the pilot of various display options and to enter data not received and integrated by the computer from aircraft sensors. An annunciator panel to provide HUD status and warning information.

PRINCIPLE

A typical human eye will respond to light of wavelengths from about 390 to 750 nm. When light encounters a material, it can interact with an object by some combination of reflection, absorption and transmittance with refraction. These interactions depend on the wavelength of the light and the nature of the material.

Many substances are selective in their absorption of white light frequencies. They absorb certain portions of the visible spectrum, while reflecting others. The frequencies of the spectrum which are not absorbed are either reflected back or transmitted for our physical observation. This is what gives rise to color.
The attenuation of light of all frequencies and wavelengths is due to the combined mechanisms of absorption and scattering.

In HUD system the light of some particular wavelength is fall on the screen, such that screen absorb or refract all other component of light and reflect light of only one color. The human eye is most sensitive to green light so in HUD system green light is used for repersentation of image or information on the screen.

WORKING

The working of HUD divided into four section: Electronics Light source Scanners Optics

ELECTRONIC SECTION

Electronics acquire and process signals from an image or data source, such as a Web page or video camera. These signal come from sensors that are connect to HUD system for measuring altitude, direction , Angle of attack , radar signals, etc. The processed signals contain information for the intensity and mix of color .

LIGHT SOURCE

This information is stored in memory until needed. The data pass through a digital-to-analog converter that controls the light source. The light source consist of CRT, LASER,LED. Once the image has been rendered into memory, there is no need to recalculate it unless something has changed.

SCANNER

In the scanned beam display headset the viewer sees an image when modulated signals from laser diodes sweep across the retina. A microcontroller in the visor selects the image from the view memory and passes it to digital to analog converters. These produce signals that Control lasers - red, green and blue-for a full color display. The modulated light passes to a tiny scanning mirror and then to a pupil expander that allows for eye movement by enlarging the image.

OPTICS
Optics section consist of: Collimating lens Folding mirror Combiner The most common means by which current HUDs are implemented is to project the image onto a clear glass optical element ('combiner') The image produce by combiner appear to be at opticaly infinity

The pilot does not need to refocus eyes when switching between outside the enviroment and reading the HUD data

COMBINER
There are manily four type of combiner: Partially reflective Dichroic Catadioptric Holographic

PROTOTYPE OF HUD USED IN AIRCRAFTS

2-Dimensional HUD

3-DIMENSIONAL HUD

APPLICATION
HUD is used in various fields for Military purpose

Aircrafts

HUD is also used in

Automobiles Medical operations Live news reading Vedio gaming

CONCLUSION

As with most hi-tech electronics, head-up displays are set to become smaller and lighter. Micro Optical is working towards a model that will look no different to a normal pair of glasses. In the near future, head-up displays will be available with wi fi and Bluetooth connectivity, allowing user's to surf the web and check their email on the move.

Mapping will take on a new leash of life with augmented reality and GPS technology.

Users will be able to see a map of their current location displayed right on top of the real thing. This will aid navigation in cities and countryside, allowing street names to appear on every road and virtual signposts to lead you to your destination.

REFERENCE

www.iec.org
www.wikipedia.com

www.airbus.com

THANK YOU