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VALOR NUMERICO DE
UN POLINMIO
POLINOMIO
hallar P(2,4)
ic
a
at
em
at
Solucin:
Se reemplaza los valores de x e y, as:
.M
P(2,4) = 22 + 52 - 5 = 4 + 25 - 5 = 24
Por lo tanto:
P(x,y), significa que el polinomio es de nombre
P y de variables x, y.
Ejemplos:
P(x) = 4x2 + 5x + 6
2
i) P(x,y) = 4x + 5y + 7
calcular P(y + 1)
Solucin:
En general se tendr:
P (x,y,z)
123
= ax + by + cz
efectuando operaciones:
P(y + 1) = 4(y2 + 2 + 1) + 5y + 5 + 6
nombre
genrico
1.
co
m
P(x, y) = x2 + y2 - 5
variables
P(y + 1) = 4y2 + 8y + 4 + 5y + 11
constantes
- 50 -
L G E B R A
x - 1 , calcular:
3.- Si P (x) =
x + 1
EJERCICIOS RESUELTOS
1.- Calcular:
R = P{P[P(25)]}
E = Q [P(-2)]
Solucin:
2n-1
+ (x + 5) (x + 1)
25 - 1
24
24
P(25) =
= = = 4
25 + 1 5 + 1 6
+ (2x + 5) (x - 1)
Solucin:
4-1
3
3
P[P(25)] = P [4] = = = = 1
4+1
2+1
3
Clculo de P (-2):
P(-2) = 3(-2)3 + 5(-2)2 + 2(-2) + 2(-2) + 8
1-1
0
P{P[P(25)]} = P[1] = = = 0
1+1
2
= -24 + 20 - 4 + 8 = 0
P(-2) = 0
Rpta.: E = P{P[P(25)]} = 0
co
m
Clculo de Q [P(-2)]
4.- Si P ( x ) = x(2 - x) + 5, calcular:
P(x) - P(-x)
R =
P(x) + (x + 5 ) (x - 5 )
.M
at
Solucin:
Clculo de P(-x):
at
em
+ (0 + 5)n (0 + 1) + (0 + 5)n(0 - 1)
ic
a
1.
Rpta.: E = Q [P(-2)] = - 1
Solucin:
2
(x + 5 )(x - 5 ) = x2 - (5 ) = x2 - 5
Clculo de P (-1):
adems: P(x) = 2x - x2 + 5
R = P{P[2 - P(-1)]}
reemplazando:
2x - x2 + 5 - (-2x - x2 + 5)
R =
2x - x2 + 5 + (x2 -5)
2x - x2 + 5 + 2x + x2 - 5 =
4x = 2
R =
2
2
2x - x + 5 + x -5
2x
Rpta.: R = 2
2
5.- Calcular:
= 64 - 8 + 2 = 58
P{P[2 - P(-1)]} = 58
- 51 -
Solucin:
x
7.- Si P(x) = ;
1+x
F(x) = 1 y
1+x
= 3x2 + 6x + 3 + 2x + 2 + 4
G(x) = x
1
y adems: P{F[G(x)]} =
10
Calcular x
Solucin:
= 3x2 + 8x + 9
= 3(x2 - 2x + 1) + 2(x - 1) + 4
Como:
G(x) = x
= 3x2 - 6x + 3 + 2x - 2 + 4
F[G(x)] = F(x)
= 3x2 - 4x + 5
1
1
F(x)
1 + (x)
1+x
1
P[F(x)] = = = =
1
1+x+1 2+x
1 + F(x) 1+
1+x
1+x
1.
co
m
at
ic
a
E = 6x2 + 4x + 14 - 6x2 - 4x - 8 = 6
em
Rpta.: E = 6
.M
at
1
P[F(x)] =
10
calcular a
1
1
=
2 + x 10
Solucin:
Clculo de f[g(x)]:
f[g(x)] = f[2x + a] = 2x + a - 2a = 2x - a
Clculo de g[f(x)]:
de donde: x = 8
8.- Si: P [(x + 3)x] =
x2
_1 __
(x + 6x + 9) 2
x+3
Clculo de f[g(a)]:
][
2
1
2x+1
__
___
3 2x . x + 3 2x
Calcular P(4)
g(a) = 2(a) + a = 3a
Solucin:
Transformando por partes:
f[g(a)] = f(3a) = 3a - 2a = a
x2
_1 __
2
(x + 6x + 9)
x+3
[ ]
x+3
x+3
Rpta.: a = 19
- 52 -
2
x_
_1_ __
2
2
[(x + 3) ]
=
x+3
] [
2
= (1) = 1
2x
L G E B R A
32x . x + 3
2x + 1
2x
( ) (x + 3)
1
] [
2x
2X
2x
2x
= 32x
= 3 2x (x + 3)
= 3 (x + 3)
x
x
1
-
2
( ) ( )
( ) (n1 ) (1n )
1
=
n
[( )]
1
1
= n
P
-1
n
n
n n
[ ]
1
-
2
( )
( )
1
Rpta.: P(4) = 48
1
-
2
( ) + n (n1 ) + n (n1 )
2
Calcular:
14243
+=1+1+1+
n trminos
co
m
P x
1
por comparacin: x =
n
x
x
__
n
1.
Rpta.: = n
ic
a
[( ) ]
1
- 1
n
n
n
at
em
at
x + 3 , calcular: P[P(x)]
9.- Si P(x) =
x-1
.M
Solucin:
P(x) + 3
P[P(x)] =
P(x) - 1
Solucin:
Sea:
reemplazando P(x):
[ ]
1
-
x 2
x
P x
[( ) ]
1
= P
- 1
n
n
x+3
x + 3 + 3(x - 1)
+ 3
x-1
x-1
P[P(x)] = =
x+3
x + 3 - 3(x - 1)
- 1
x-1
x-1
x + 3 + 3x - 3
=
x3-x+1
luego se tendr:
1
-
2
x
x
( )
-n
+n
-1
1
=
n
( )
-1
4x = x
P[P(x)] =
4
- n
1
=
= n
-1
n
n n
( )
( )
n
1
=
n
( )
kx + 1 y P[P(x)]es independiente de x
10.- Si P(x) =
x-8
( )
-1
Calcular: E = 64k2
Solucin:
1
=
n
( )
Clculo de P[P(x)]
- 53 -
kx + 1
k2x + k + x - 8
k + 1
kP(x) + 1
x-8
x-8
P[P(x)] = = =
P(x) - 8
kx + 1
kx + 1 - 8x + 64
- 8
x-8
x-8
(k2 + 1)x + (k - 8)
P[P(x)] =
(k - 8)x + 65
a3 = 8
;
;
b=3
ab2 + b = c
c = 21
2a b = 24
k2+ 1 k - 8
=
k-8
65
a=2
E = 2 + 3 + 21 = 26
Rpta.: E = 26
65(k + 1) = (k - 8)
Solucin:
Sea: P(x) = ax2 + bx + c
Operando:
(A)
co
m
luego:
1.
65k2 + 65 = k2 - 16k + 64
at
ic
a
64k2 + 16k + 1 = 0
em
(8k + 1)2 = 0
.M
at
8k + 1 = 0
Como: P(x - 1) = x2 - x + 1
1
de donde: k = -
8
luego:
1
E = 64k2 = 64 -
8
( )
-(2a - b) = -1
1 =1
= 64
64
( )
2a - b = 1
b=1
a-b+c=1
Rpta.: E = 1
c=1
P(x) = x2 + x + 1
Calcular : E = a + b + c
luego:
Solucin:
Clculo de P[P(x)]:
Rpta.: E = 111
= a x + 2a bx + ab + b
3 4
= a x + 2a bx + (ab + b)
Como: P[P(x)] = 8x4 +24x2 + c
P(x + 2) = 6x + 1
(A)
(B)
Calcular F(15)
- 54 -
L G E B R A
Solucin:
x+1
2) S[R(-x)] = S
x-1
Clculo de P(x):
Sea P(x) = (ax + b)
luego:
x
+1+x-1
x-1
=
x+1-x+1
x-1
P(x + 2) = a(x + 2) + b
= ax + (2a + b)
x+1 +1
x-1
=
x+1 -1
x-1
(A)
2x = x
S[R(-x)] =
2
(B)
x-1
3) R{S[R(-x)]} = R(x) =
x+1
x-1
4) S[-R{S[R(-x)]}] = S -
x+1
[(
a=6
)]
2a + b = 1
( )
ic
a
1.
por lo tanto:
em
at
P(x) = ax + b = 6x -11
at
2 = -
1
=
-2x
x
.M
Clculo de P[F(x)]:
P[F(x)] = 6F(x) - 11 = 12x - 17
1-x
1-x +1+x
+ 1
1
x
1
+
x
1 +
x
= S = =
1+x
1-x
1-x-1-x
- 1
1+x
1+x
co
m
b = -11
F(x) = 2x - 1
Rpta.: x = 5
6F(x) = 12x - 6
1 as:
5) Por el dato este valor es igual a -
5
1
1
- = -
x
5
6F(x) = 12x - 17 + 11
Rpta.: F(15) = 29
x
P(x) =
1
1 -
x
x-1
x+1
14.- Si R(x) = ; S(x) =
x+1
x-1
Solucin:
y adems:
Para x = -2:
1
S[-R {S [R(-x)]}] = -
5
-2
-2 =
-2 = -
4
P(-2) =
=
1
1
3
3
1 - 1 +
(-2)
2
2
Calcular x
Solucin.
Para x = -4:
Por partes:
-4
-4
-4
16
P(-4) = = = = -
1
1
5
5
1 -
1 +
(-4)
4
4
-x - 1 x + 1
1) R(-x) = =
-x + 1 x - 1
- 55 -
( )
4 -
-16 = -
4 +
16 =
-20 + 48 =
28
-
3
5
3
5
15
15
Como la diferencia es positiva, disminuye, luego disminuye en 28/15.
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS
5. Expresar como y = f(x) la expresin:
n
d)
2
2n + 1
e)
2
c) n
2x
a) y =
3x2 + 2
2
b) y =
2(2x + 3)
2
c) y =
2x2 - 3x
4x3 + 13x2
d) y =
2(2x2 + 3x)
co
m
b) 2n + 1
1.
a) 2n
em
at
ic
a
2x
e) y =
3x2 - 2
c) 68
d) 65
e) 70
b) 63
a) 60
.M
at
Calcular E = P(3)
x2 + 3x + 2
3.- Si f(x) =
x2 - 3x - 2
mx2 + p
f(x) =
nx - p
b) 2,5
d) 4,5
e) 5,5
c) 3,5
a) n2 + 4mp = 0
b) n2- 4mp = 0
c) n2 + 3mp = 0
d) n2- 8mp = 0
e) n2 + 8mp = 0
1
7. Si P(x) = x - , calcular:
2
[ ( )
1 + P(x) - P(-x)
E = 2P
x
y g(x) = 2x3 - a - x + 1
tengan el mismo valor cuando x = 1
a) 0 y -1
b) -1 y 2
d) 1 y 2
e) 0 y -2
a) x
1
b)
x
1
d)
2x
e) 0
c) 1 y -1
- 56 -
c) 1
L G E B R A
-P [-P[-P(3)]]
E = {-P(2)}
3
a) 3
b) 1
c) 6
d) 9
( )
e) 18
a) 5
b) 4
c) 2
d) 1
e) 3
1
P(x) =
x2 - n
a) x+1
c) 2x - 1
si x vara entre 0,4 a 0,5?
1 x + 1 e)
1 (7x + 1)
d)
5
5
1
a) Aumenta en
6
co
m
1.
[ ]
1
b) Disminuye en
6
( )
1
f
2
a) 1/2
b) 1/6
c) 1/8
d) 1/4
ic
a
at
em
at
.M
w
12
d) Aumenta
5
12
e) Disminuye
5
f (x)
E =
f(x + 1) - f(x - 1)
c) No sufre variacin
e) 1/16
E = P[P(4)]
P[F(x) + G(x)] = x + 4
P[F(x) - G(x)] = x - 2
Calcular:
F[G(x)]
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
c) 9
d) 414
e) 180
e) 5
+1
P(x) = mx
x-n
b) 4
b) 429
c) 212
a) 5
a) 417
a) 1
b) 8
d) 64
e) 125
c) 27
E = P[P(x)] - x2P(x)
e) 14
- 57 -
a) x2
b) 0
d) -x2
e) 1
c) x
a) 18/15
b) 16
d) 4
e) 0
x+3
18. Si P(x) = , calcular:
x-1
P(x) + P(x + 2)
P = -
x2
E = P[P(x)]
a) x
b) 1
d) 1/x
e) x + 1
c) 6/5
c) -x
a) 6
b) 1
d) 4
e) 3
c) 2
CLAVE DE RESPUESTAS
x +
2 , calcular:
19. Si P(x) =
x-1
2) B
3) A
4) A
5) B
6) D
7) E
8) C
9) E
10) D
11) D
12) D
13) A
14) A
15) B
17) D
18) B
19) A
20) C
.M
at
em
at
ic
a
1.
co
m
E = P[ P {P[P(2)]}]
1) D
- 58 -
16) C