Mch chnh lu v n p

1 Mch chnh lu in xoay chiu

1.1 B ngun trong cc mch in t . Trong cc mch in t ca cc thit b nh Radio -Cassette, mlpy, Ti vi mu, u VCD v v chng s dng ngun mt chiu DC cc mc in p khc nhau, nhng ngoi zc cm ca cc thit b ny li cm trc tip vo ngun in AC 220V 50Hz, nh vy cc thit b in t cn c mt b phn chuyn i t ngun xoay chiu ra in p mt chiu , cung cp cho cc mch trn, b phn chuyn i bao gm :

Bin p ngun : H th t 220V xung cc in p thp hn nh 6V, 9V, 12V, 24V vv Mch chnh lu : i in AC thnh DC. Mch lc Lc gn xoay chiu sau chnh lu cho ngun DC phng hn. Mch n p : Gi mt in p c nh cung cp cho ti tiu th

S tng qut ca mch cp ngun. 1.2 Mch chnh lu bn chu k . Mch chnh lu bn chu k s dng mt Diode mc ni tip vi ti tiu th, chu k dng => Diode c phn cc thun do c dng in i qua diode v i qua ti, chu k m , Diode b phn cc ngc do khng c dng qua ti.

Dng in p u ra ca mch chnh lu bn chu k.

1.3 Mch chnh lu c chu k Mch chnh lu c chu k thng dng 4 Diode mc theo hnh cu (cn gi l mch chnh lu cu) nh hnh di.

Mch chnh lu c chu k .

chu k dng ( u dy pha trn dng, pha di m) dng in i qua diode D1 => qua Rti => qua diode D4 v u dy m chu k m, in p trn cun th cp o chiu ( u dy trn m, di dng) dng in i qua D2 => qua Rti => qua D3 v u dy m. Nh vy c hai chu k u c dng in chy qua ti.

2 Mch lc v mch chnh lu bi p

2.1 Mch lc dng t in. Sau khi chnh lu ta thu c in p mt chiu nhp nh, nu khng c t lc th in p nhp nh ny cha th dng c vo cc mch in t , do trong cc mch ngun, ta phi lp thm cc t lc c tr s t vi trm F n vi ngn F vo sau cu Diode chnh lu.

Dng in p DC ca mch chnh lu trong hai trng hp c t v khng c t

S trn minh ho cc trng hp mch ngun c t lc v khng c t lc. Khi cng tc K m, mch chnh lu khng c t lc tham gia , v vy in p thu c c dng nhp nh.

Khi cng tc K ng, mch chnh lu c t C1 tham gia lc ngun , kt qu l in p u ra c lc tng i phng, nu t C1 c in dung cng ln th in p u ra cng bng phng, t C1 trong cc b ngun thng c tr s khong vi ngn F .

Minh ho : in dng ca t lc cng ln th in p u ra cng bng phng.

Trong cc mch chnh lu, nu c t lc m khng c ti hoc ti tiu th mt cng xut khng ng k so vi cng xut ca bin p th in p DC thu c l DC = 1,4.AC

2.2 Mch chnh lu nhn 2 .

S mch ngun chnh lu nhn 2

tr thnh mch chnh lu nhn 2 ta phi dng hai t ho cng tr s mc ni tip, sau u 1 u ca in p xoau chiu vo im gia hai t => ta s thu c in p tng gp 2 ln. mch trn, khi cng tc K m, mch tr v dng chnh lu thng thng . Khi cng tc K ng, mch tr thnh mch chnh lu nhn 2, v kt qu l ta thu c in p ra tng gp 2 ln.

3 Mch n p c nh
3.1 Mch n p c nh dng Diode Zener.

. Mch n p to p 33V c nh cung cp cho mch d knh trong Ti vi mu

T ngun 110V khng c nh thng qua in tr hn dng R1 v gim trn Dz 33V ly ra mt in p c nh cung cp cho mch d knh Khi thit k mt mch n p nh trn ta cn tnh ton in tr hn dng sao cho dng in ngc cc i qua Dz phi nh hn dng m Dz chu c, dng cc i qua Dz l khi dng qua R2 = 0 Nh s trn th dng cc i qua Dz bng st p trn R1 chia cho gi tr R1 , gi dng in ny l I1 ta c I1 = (110 33 ) / 7500 = 77 / 7500 ~ 10mA Thng thng ta nn dng ngc qua Dz 25 mA

3.2 Mch n p c nh dng Transistor, IC n p . Mch n p dng Diode Zener nh trn c u im l n gin nhng nhc im l cho dng in nh ( 20mA). c th to ra mt in p c nh nhng cho dng in mnh hn nhiu ln ngi ta mc thm Transistor khuych i v dng nh s di y.

Mch n p c Transistor khuych i

mch trn in p ti im A c th thay i v cn gn xoay chiu nhng in p ti im B khng thay i v tng i phng. Nguyn l n p : Thng qua in tr R1 v Dz gim c nh in p chn B ca Transistor Q1, gi s khi in p chn E n Q1 gim => khi in p UBE tng => dng qua n Q1 tng => lm in p chn E ca n tng , v ngc li Mch n p trn n gin v hiu qu nn c s dng rt rng di v ngi ta sn xut cc loi IC h LA78.. thay th cho mch n p trn, IC LA78.. c s mch nh phn mch c mu xanh ca s trn.

IC n p h LA78..

IC n p LA7805

LA7805 IC n p 5V LA7808 IC n p 8V LA7809 IC n p 9V LA7812 IC n p 12V

Lu : H IC78.. ch cho dng tiu th khong 1A tr xung, khi rp IC trong mch th U in > Uout t 3 n 5V khi IC mi pht huy tc dng. 3.3 ng dng ca IC n p h 78.. IC n p h 78.. c dng rng ri trong cc b ngun , nh B ngun ca u VCD, trong Ti vi mu, trong my tnh

ng dng ca IC n p LA7805 v LA7808 trong b ngun u VCD

4 Mch n p tuyn tnh (c hi tip)

4.1 S khi ca mch n p c hi tip .

S khi ca mch n p c hi tip . * Mt s c im ca mch n p c hi tip :

Cung cp in p mt chiu u ra khng i trong hai trng hp in p u vo thay i hoc dng tiu th ca ti thay i, tuy nhin s thay i ny phi c gii hn. Cho in p mt chiu u ra c cht lng cao, gim thiu c hin tng gn xoay chiu.

* Nguyn tc hot ng ca mch.

Mch ly mu s theo di in p u ra thng qua mt cu phn p to ra ( Ulm : p ly mu) Mch to p chun => gim ly mt mc in p c nh (Uc : p chun ) Mch so snh s so snh hai in p ly mu Ulm v p chun Uc to thnh in p iu khin. Mch khuch i sa sai s khuch i p iu khin, sau a v iu chnh s hot ng ca n cng xut theo hng ngc li, nu in p ra tng => thng qua mch hi tip iu chnh => n cng xut dn gim =>in p ra gim xung. Ngc li nu in p ra gim => thng qua mch hi tip iu chnh => n cng xut li dn tng => v in p ra tng ln =>> kt qu in p u ra khng thay i.