I ETHICS

- ethics is derived from the Greek word ethicos , which means custom or character. In its vernacular or formal context, ethics is defined as the philosophical (normative and theoretical) science that deals with the morality of human conduct. Four classic disciplines in philosophy: 1. descriptive or speculative philosophy posits the question: what is the quiddity or the nature or essence or substance of reality?
Philosophy becomes speculative when it raises questions about the ultimate nature of being and thought. What does it mean to be? What does it mean to think? How are being and thought related? What does it mean to ask these questions?

philosophy embodying beliefs insusceptible of proof and attemptingto gain insi ght into the nature of the ultimate by intuitive or apriori means.

Speculative Philosophy (in my definition) is philosophy for which there is little or no empirical evidence. It is traditionally what religion is concerned with. Then as science reveals more about the nature of the universe, religion retreats and science takes over. For instance, before the shape of the earth could be scientifically established, it was up to a person's belief system to determine what it was. Religion chose to believe the world was flat. Today most people and also most religions have adopted the scientific view that the earth is round. There are still some, however, that believe the earth is flat. Another example is the fact that, before Galileo, the Catholic Church officially believed that the sun went around the earth rather than the other way around. Galileo even had to publicly repudiate his belief that the earth went around the sun or he would have been put to death by the church. In fact it wasn't until the 1950s that the Church officially repudiated the doctrine and adopted the scientific doctrine that the earth goes around the sun.
Philosophy, especially traditional metaphysical philosophy, which makes claims that cannot be verified byeveryday experience of the physical world or by a scientific method.
is a philosophy for which there are little or no experiential facts. It is conventionally what religion is distressed with. For example is the fact earlier than Galileo the catholic formally thought that the sun went around the earth than the other way around? Galileo even had to openly reject his trust that the earth went around the sun or he would have been set to death by the church. Actually it wasnt pending the 1950s that the church formally denied the principle and accepted the scientific policy that the earth goes in the region of the sun.

Normative Philosophy posits the question: What is good or right and what is bad and or wrong action? The ethics and moral philosophy is categorized under this.
Every good can be regarded as both a goal to be sought and, when achieved, a source of human fulfillment. Actions, intentions, and character are some of the targets of evaluation of normative ethics, and their proper understanding involves many issues in philosophy of mind. Also, many normative theorists have maintained that there is a close connection between pleasure, happiness, or desiresatisfaction and a persons good, and these things are also a concern of philosophy of mind. In addition, the rightness of actions is often held to be closely connected to the motives, beliefs, and other psychological phenomena that lie

behind those actions. evaluative judgments)

Normative claims (moral and

2. Practical philosophy reflects on truth with due recourse to action. Logic falls under this schema. 3. Critical philosophy posits the question: what is truth? Can we know? What can we know? Is there anything to be known?