Nisa Verification Manual 24april

VPG/NISA
Verification Manual
S P E E D
A C C U R A C Y
V A L U E
T R U S T
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Contents
Preface
xiii
1 Introduction
1.1
1.1 Highlights of VPG/NISA Capabilities ....................................................................................1.1

1.2 Purpose of this Manual ............................................................................................................1.3
1.3 Verification Problem Format ..................................................................................................1.4
1.4 Problem Classifications ...........................................................................................................1.6
2 Static Analysis Verification Problems
2.1
2.1 Cantilever Beam Subjected to Multiple Loading

Conditions ...............................................................................................................................2.1
2.2 Cantilever Beam Under an Off-Centered Load ......................................................................2.6
2.3 A Frame Structure Under General Loading ..........................................................................2.10
2.4 A Large Square Plate with a Circular Hole under Inplane Loading .....................................2.16
2.5 Thick Cylinder under Internal Pressure Load .......................................................................2.21
2.6 Simply Supported Circular Plate ...........................................................................................2.29
2.7 Uniform Thickness Rotating Disc .........................................................................................2.34
2.8 Solid Disc Subjected to Radially Varying Thermal Load .....................................................2.39
2.9 Simply Supported Circular Plate with Annular Line Load and Body Forces .......................2.45
2.10 Hemispherical Shell Under Edge-Moment Loading ...........................................................2.50
2.11 Clamped Square Plate with Central Concentrated Load .....................................................2.55
2.12 Cylindrical Shell Roof under Self-Weight ..........................................................................2.60
2.13 Thin Cylindrical Shell Under A Concentrated Force (Pinched Cylinder) ..........................2.64
2.14 A Clamped Square Orthotropic Plate Under Pressure Loading ..........................................2.68
2.15 Analysis of Nine Layer Cross-Ply Orthotropic Plate ..........................................................2.73
2.16 This page is intentionally blank ..........................................................................................2.79
2.17 Analysis of a Three-layer Sandwich Plate ..........................................................................2.80
2.18 This page is intentionally blank ..........................................................................................2.85
2.19 Propped Cantilever Beam with a Gap .................................................................................2.86
2.20 Beam on a Tensionless Elastic Foundation .........................................................................2.90
2.21 Truss on Misaligned Supports .............................................................................................2.95
iii
2.22 Hollow Circular Cylinder Subjected to

Nonaxisymmetric Loading ............................................................................................... 2.100
2.23 Cantilever Elbow Subjected to Multiple Loading
Conditions ......................................................................................................................... 2.107
2.24 Cantilever Curved Beam Subjected to Multiple
Loading Conditions ........................................................................................................... 2.112
2.25 Demonstration of the Use of Restarts in the Static and Buckling Analysis
of the L-shaped Frame ...................................................................................................... 2.117
2.26 Interlaminar Shear Stresses for Eight-layer
Antisymmetric Angle-ply Laminated Square Plates ........................................................ 2.125
2.27 Interlaminar Shear Stresses for Cross-Ply Laminated Spherical Shells of
Rectangular Planform. ...................................................................................................... 2.133
2.28 Analysis of an Anti-symmetric Cross-ply Laminated Clamped Plate
Subjected to A Uniform Distributed Load ........................................................................ 2.144
2.29 Analysis of a Simply Supported Three-layer Sandwich Plate Subjected to
A Uniform Transverse Load ............................................................................................. 2.148
2.30 Static Analysis of a Symmetric Cross-ply Laminated Simply Supported
Plate Subjected to a UniformTransverse Pressure Load ................................................... 2.153
3 Buckling Analysis Verification Problems
3.1
3.1 Buckling of a Uniaxially Compressed Clamped Square Plate ............................................... 3.1

3.2 Buckling of a Beam-Spring Structure ..................................................................................... 3.5
3.3 Buckling of a Cantilever Beam under Compressive Load ..................................................... 3.9
3.4 Buckling Analysis of a Simply Supported Tapered Beam ................................................... 3.13
3.5 Buckling of a Fixed-Free Column under Self Weight and Applied Load ............................ 3.20
4 Eigenvalue Analysis Verification Problems
4.1
4.1 Natural frequencies of a simply supported beam .................................................................... 4.1

4.2 Fundamental frequency of a cantilever beam ......................................................................... 4.6
4.3 Fundamental frequency of a clamped circular plate ............................................................. 4.10
4.4 Natural frequencies of a cantilever beam ............................................................................. 4.14
4.5 Natural frequencies of a simply supported square plate ....................................................... 4.19
4.6 Fundamental frequency of a cantilever triangular plate ....................................................... 4.25
4.7 Natural Frequencies of an Earth Dam ................................................................................... 4.29
4.8 Natural Frequencies of a Square Cantilever Plate ................................................................ 4.36
4.9 Free Vibration Analysis of a Cantilever Beam Using Solid Elements ................................. 4.43
4.10 Natural Frequencies of a Cylindrical Shell with a Rigid Diaphragm ................................. 4.51
iv
4.11 Natural Frequencies of a Simple Torsional System ............................................................4.58

4.12 Natural Frequencies of a Composite Square Plate ..............................................................4.62
4.13 Free Vibration Analysis of a Three-Layer Orthotropic Sandwich Plate .............................4.67
4.14 Natural Frequencies of a Free-Free (Unconstrained) Beam ................................................4.74
4.15 Natural Frequencies of a Free Edged Square Plate .............................................................4.78
4.16 Natural Frequencies of an Eccentric Mass-Spring System .................................................4.83
4.17 Natural Frequencies of a Rotating Cantilever Beam ...........................................................4.87
4.18 Natural Frequencies of a Simply Supported Square Plate using
Guyan Reduction .................................................................................................................4.92
List of Figures
1 Introduction
1.1
2.1
2.1 Geometry and the Finite Element Mesh for the cantilever beam under multiple
loading Conditions .................................................................................................................2.2
2.2 Geometry and the Finite Element Mesh for the Cantilever under an
Off-centered Loading .............................................................................................................2.7
2.3 Geometry, Loading and Finite Element Mesh for the Frame Structure ...............................2.12
2.4 Load Case Combinations used to Obtain Solution of the Frame Structure
under General Loading (a) left half (b) right half ................................................................2.13
2.5 Geometry of the Square Plate with a Hole ...........................................................................2.17
2.6 Finite Element Mesh used for the Analysis of the Square Plate with a Hole ......................2.18
2.7 Geometry of the Cylinder and Finite Element Model with Boundary
Conditions ............................................................................................................................2.22
2.8 Stress Distribution along the Radius of a Cylinder
(a) Radial Stress (b) Circumferential Stress ........................................................................2.23
2.9 Simply Supported Circular Plate ..........................................................................................2.30
2.10 Finite Element Model of the Plate .....................................................................................2.31
2.11 Transverse Deflection of the Plate .....................................................................................2.31
2.12 Rotating Disk - NISA .........................................................................................................2.35
2.13 Radial Deflection ...............................................................................................................2.35
2.14 Tangential Stress ................................................................................................................2.36
2.15 Radial Stress .......................................................................................................................2.36
2.16 Solid Disk with Radially Varying Thermal Load ..............................................................2.40
2.17 Finite Element Model .........................................................................................................2.40
2.18 Radial Displacement ..........................................................................................................2.42
2.19 Radial and Circumferential Stresses ..................................................................................2.42
2.20 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for Simply Supported Circular Plate ........................2.46
2.21 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for a Hemispherical Shell with Edge
Loading ..............................................................................................................................2.51
2.22 Horizontal Displacement ....................................................................................................2.52
2.23 Clamped Plate with Central Concentrated Load ................................................................2.56
2.24 Finite Element Model .........................................................................................................2.56
2.25 Vertical Deflection along X-axis .......................................................................................2.57
2.26 Bottom Surface Stresses along X-axis ...............................................................................2.57
2.27 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for the Cylindrical Shell Roof ..................................2.61
vii
2.28 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for Thin Cylindrical Shell under
Concentrated Force ............................................................................................................ 2.65
2.29 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh of a Clamped Square Plate under
Pressure Loading ............................................................................................................... 2.69
2.30 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh of a Nine Layer Cross-Ply
Orthotropic Plate ................................................................................................................ 2.74
2.31 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh of a Three-layer Sandwich Plate .............................. 2.81
2.32 Contour Plots of Stress and Resultant for a Simply Supported
Sandwich Plate under Uniform Pressure ........................................................................... 2.82
2.33 Propped Cantilever Beam with a Gap ................................................................................ 2.87
2.34 Geometry, Loading and Finite Element Model for a Beam on Elastic
Foundation ......................................................................................................................... 2.91
2.35 Truss on Misaligned Supports ........................................................................................... 2.96
2.36 Geometry and FE Model of Shell with Nonaxisymmetric Loading ................................ 2.101
2.37 Top View of Cylinder ...................................................................................................... 2.101
2.38 3-D Model of the Cylinder ............................................................................................... 2.103
2.39 Geometry and the Finite Element Mesh for the Cantilever Elbow under
Multiple Loading Conditions ........................................................................................... 2.109
2.40 Geometry and the Finite Element Mesh for the Cantilever Curved Beam
under Multiple Loading Conditions ................................................................................. 2.113
2.41 Geometry and Dimensions ............................................................................................... 2.118
2.42 Finite Element Model ...................................................................................................... 2.118
2.43 Load Case No. 200 ........................................................................................................... 2.118
2.44 Load combination ID No. 300 ......................................................................................... 2.118
2.45 Simply Supported Plate Model ........................................................................................ 2.126
2.46 Transverse Shear Stress Variation through the Thickness ............................................... 2.127
2.47 A Simply Supported Spherical Shell of Rectangular Planform ....................................... 2.134
2.48 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for an Anti-Symmetric Cross-Ply
Laminated Clamped Plate ................................................................................................ 2.145
2.49 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh of a Three-layer Sandwich Square Plate ............... 2.149
2.50 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for a Quarter of a Cross-ply Laminated
Simply Supported Plate ................................................................................................... 2.154
3.1
3.1 Square Plate under Uniaxial Compression ............................................................................ 3.2

3.2 Quarter Plate Model and Boundary Conditions ..................................................................... 3.2
3.3 Beam-Spring Structure and its Finite Element Mesh ............................................................ 3.6
3.4
Cantilever Beam under Compression Load ........................................................................ 3.10
3.5 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for Buckling of a Simply Supported
Tapered Beam ...................................................................................................................... 3.14
3.6 Fixed Free Column Under Self Weight and Applied Load ................................................. 3.22
viii
4.1
4.1 FE Model for Simply Supported Beam ..................................................................................4.2

4.2 Finite Element Model for Cantilever Beam ...........................................................................4.7
4.3 Clamped Circular Plate ........................................................................................................4.11
4.4 Cantilever Beam ...................................................................................................................4.15
4.5 Finite Element Mesh for a Simply Supported Square Plate .................................................4.20
4.6 Mode No.1: Frequency = 83.979 Hz ....................................................................................4.21
4.7 Mode Shapes and Natural Frequencies ................................................................................4.22
4.8 Cantilever Triangular Plate ..................................................................................................4.26
4.9 Finite Element Mesh for an Earth Dam ...............................................................................4.30
4.10 Mode No. 1: Frequency = 1.237 Hz ...................................................................................4.30
4.15 Finite Element Mesh for Model 1 ......................................................................................4.37
4.16 Finite Element Mesh for Model 2 ......................................................................................4.37
4.17 Cantilever Beam .................................................................................................................4.44
4.18 Finite Element Mesh for Model 1 to 3 ...............................................................................4.44
4.19 Cylindrical Shell with Rigid Diaphragm ............................................................................4.52
4.20 Finite Element Mesh for Models 1 and 2 ...........................................................................4.53
4.21 Mode Shapes and Natural Frequencies ..............................................................................4.54
4.22 2 DOF Torsional System ....................................................................................................4.59
4.23 Finite Element Mesh for a Composite Square Plate ..........................................................4.63
4.25 Finite Element Mesh for a 3 Layer Orthotropic Sandwich Plate .......................................4.68
4.26 Mode No. 1: Frequency = 23.4 Hz .....................................................................................4.69
4.30
Free-free Beam ..................................................................................................................4.75
4.31 Finite Element Mesh for a Free Edged Square Plate .........................................................4.79
4.33 Eccentric Mass-Spring System ..........................................................................................4.84
4.34 Finite Element Model of the Rotating Cantilever Beam ....................................................4.88
4.35 Finite Element Mesh for a Simply Supported Square Plate ...............................................4.93
ix
List of Tables
1 Introduction
1.1
1.1 Classification of verification problems by element type .......................................................1.6
2.1
2.1 Comparison of the NISA and the theoretical results ..............................................................2.3

2.2 Comparison of the NISA and the theoretical results ..............................................................2.7
2.3 Comparison of the NISA and the theoretical results ............................................................2.13
2.4 Stress concentration factor for circular hole in a plate .........................................................2.18
2.5 Deflection in thick cylinder due to internal pressure loading ..............................................2.23
2.6 Transverse deflection (in) ....................................................................................................2.31
2.7 Radial deflection and stress ..................................................................................................2.36
2.8 Radial displacement .............................................................................................................2.41
2.9 Radial and circumferential stresses ......................................................................................2.41
2.10 Comparison of deflections along the radius of circular plate ............................................2.46
2.11 Comparison of stresses at the center of circular plate ........................................................2.47
2.12 Displacements ....................................................................................................................2.52
2.13 Deflection at the Middle of the Free Edge of Roof for Different Mesh Sizes ...................2.61
2.14 Radial Deflection at the Point of Loading for a Pinched Cylinder ....................................2.65
2.15 Comparison of results for the clamped square orthotropic plate under
pressure loading .................................................................................................................2.70
2.16 Comparison of results for the simply supported square orthotropic plate
under pressure loading .......................................................................................................2.75
2.17 Comparison of results for the simply supported sandwich plate under
pressure loading .................................................................................................................2.82
2.18 Comparison of results for beam on tensionless elastic foundation ....................................2.92
2.19 Nodal displacement in inches .............................................................................................2.97
2.20 Extent of the contact gap ...................................................................................................2.97
2.21 Intermediate support forces ................................................................................................2.97
2.22 Comparison of the two models ........................................................................................2.103
2.23 Comparison of displacement at node 45 in global direction ...........................................2.104
2.24 The von Mises equivalent stress at nodes (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) ...................................................2.104
2.25 Local displacements at node 45 .......................................................................................2.104
xi
2.26 Comparison of the NISA and theoretical results ............................................................. 2.109

2.27 Comparison of the NISA and theoretical results ............................................................. 2.114
2.28 Comparison of displacements and reactions at selected points ....................................... 2.120
2.29 Transverse shear stresses of a cross-ply laminated spherical shell with
R/a = R/b = 20 and a/h = 10 for NKTP=32 & NORDR=2. ............................................. 2.135
R/a = R/b = 20 and a/h = 10 for NKTP=32 & NORDR=3 .............................................. 2.135
R/a = R/b = 20 and a/h = 10 for NKTP=32 & NORDR=11 ............................................ 2.135
2.32 Comparison of central transverse displacement of an anti-symmetric
cross-ply laminated clamped plate subjected to a uniform distributed load .................... 2.146
2.33 Comparison of results for the simply supported sandwich plate subjected
to transverse loading ........................................................................................................ 2.149
2.34 Comparison of central transverse displacements for a symmetric
cross-ply laminated simply supported plate subjected to a uniform
transverse pressure load with span-to-depth ratios 10 and 100 ....................................... 2.155
3.1
3.1 Cross-Section Properties for Tapered beam ........................................................................ 3.15
4.1
4.1 Natural frequencies of a simply supported beam (Hz) .......................................................... 4.3

4.2 Natural frequencies of a cantilever beam (Hz) .................................................................... 4.15
4.3 Natural frequencies of a simply supported plate (Hz) ......................................................... 4.21
4.4
Natural frequencies of an earth dam (Hz) ........................................................................... 4.31
4.5 Natural frequencies of a square cantilever plate (Hz) .......................................................... 4.38

4.6 Natural frequencies (Hz) ...................................................................................................... 4.45
4.7 Natural frequencies (Hz) ...................................................................................................... 4.53
4.8 Frequencies in cycle/sec ...................................................................................................... 4.63
4.9 Natural frequencies of a simply supported 3 layer orthotropic sandwich plate (Hz) .......... 4.69
4.10 Frequencies corresponding to the elastic modes (HZ) ....................................................... 4.75
4.11 Frequencies corresponding to the elastic modes (HZ) ....................................................... 4.79
4.12 Natural frequencies of an eccentric mass-spring system (Hz) ........................................... 4.84
4.13 Natural Frequencies of a Rotating Cantilever Beam ......................................................... 4.89
4.14 Natural Frequencies of simply supported Plate ................................................................. 4.94
xii
Preface
You have with you the latest version of NISA; a proven and robust Finite Element Analysis
software that has enjoyed a long-standing presence in the arena of Engineering Analysis and
Design. Generations of scientists, engineers and researchers have come to depend on NISA to solve
their most complex engineering problems.
With the take over of NISA by Cranes Software, Inc. in 2005, came an induction of fresh talent and
resources which has taken NISA to where it is today. Over the last two years CSI has put together
an exceptional team of engineers and substantial funds and transformed NISA into one of the
market leaders once again. Many past users are delighted with NISA's new capabilities and have
come back to the software they loved and were at ease with.
xiii
Verification Problem
1
Introduction
1.1
Highlights of VPG/NISA Capabilities
Analysis Types:
NISA (Numerically Integrated elements for System Analysis) is a general purpose finite element
program to analyze a wide spectrum of problems encountered in engineering mechanics.
Analysis types available in VPG/NISA include: linear static and eigenvalue.
Element Library:
An extensive library of isoparametric finite elements with higher order displacement functions as well
as conventional elements is available in VPG/NISA. Such elements are suited for modeling 2-D, 3-D,
axisyrnmetric solid and shell structures. In addition, other elements such as 3-D composite solid and
sandwich shell, spars, prismatic and tapered beams, springs and concentrated masses are available.
Material Models:
Large number of material models are available in VPG/NISA. These include: linear elastic material
models such as isotropic, orthotropic and laminated composite.
Input and Output:

Input specification has been designed to make it easy for the user to define the problem. All the input
data is in free format. The finite element model created for the static analysis can be used for dynamic
and heat transfer studies with minor modifications and vice versa. Various output options are offered to
meet individual requirement, with comprehensive output control for all analysis types.
Pre- and Post-processing:

VPG/NISA directly interfaces with the pre- and post-processing modules of the VPG program; VPG/
PrePost provides a wide range of tools that can be used to efficiently create meshes on CAD data using
1-1
Introduction
Highlights of VPG/NISA Capabilities
an advanced automeshing algorithm, which eliminates most manual mesh manipulation and
postprocessing capabilities for finite element model generation and graphical representation of results..
A detailed description of VPG/NISA capabilities, input data setup and output features may be found in
Chapter 3 of the VPG/NISA Users Manual.
VPG/NISA Verification Manual
1-2
Introduction
Purpose of this Manual
1.2
Purpose of this Manual
The purpose of this manual is to provide a wide range of verification problems to serve the following
objectives:
Overall program verification:

VPG/NISA results of all problems in this manual are compared to theoretical results available
in the literature and/or other available numerical results. Close agreement is always evident
between VPG/NISA results and the results available in the literature. This helps new and current users establish credibility and build confidence in the results obtained for practical engineering problems using VPG/NISA.
Provide wide range of example problems:

The problems selected in this manual are designed to help the user get acquainted with the
extensive capabilities of the VPG/NISA program. It is not feasible to provide a verification or
an example problem for each program capability. However, the user is provided with verification or example problems for the major capabilities as well as many problems comparing various program options.
It should be noted, however, that the problems in this manual are primarily intended for verification purposes. Therefore, step-by-step input and output printout is not included in this manual. The user is advised to refer to VPG/NISA training manual for detailed step-by-step
instruction for preparing input for VPG/NISA.
Provide comparison of various program options:

In many cases more than one option or procedure will be available for the solution of a particular problem. The user will find numerous problems in this manual which compare such options
or procedures and point out applicability and specific use of each option, whenever possible.
1-3
Introduction
Verification Problem Format
1.3
A unified format is adopted for the presentation of all verification problems in this manual. A outline
of this format is as follow:
Title:
A descriptive title of the problem
Element Type:
Element type description, example, beam, 2-D, 3-D, etc., and the applicable NKTP and
NORDR numbers.
Analysis Highlights:
Description of the analysis type and options, example, linear static, eigenvalue with conventional or accelerated subspace iteration, etc.
Problem:
A brief description of the physical problem, the loading and boundary conditions and the
required results or objectives:
Properties:
- Material:
Listing the values of all material constants and/or material parameters used in the constitutive
material model.
- Geometric:
Listing geometrical parameters such as thicknesses, cross sectional properties, etc.
Finite Element Model:

Specifying number of elements and nodes used in the model, specific boundary and loading
conditions applied, etc.
Solution Procedures:
Describing details of the analysis type used and various options compared.
Results and Comparison:

Presenting the VPG/NISA numerical results and giving discussion and various comparisons
with theoretical and/or numerical results available in the literatures.
References:
List of references from which the theoretical and/or numerical results may be obtained.
1-4
Introduction
Each problem description is followed by all the tables and figures used for problem description, model
specification, results comparison and presentation.
Finally a list of the input data for the problem is given. If more than one case is studied in the problem,
only one input deck is presented for a selected case. Some comment cards are given in the input deck
to facilitate the interpretation of the input.
1-5
Introduction
Problem Classifications
1.4
The main classification of the verification problems is done by analysis types. Each chapter in this
manual represent one type of analysis as follows:
Chapter 2
Verification problems for static analysis (STATIC)
Chapter 3
Verification problems for buckling analysis (BUCKLING)
Chapter 4
Verification problems for eigenvalue analysis (EIGENVALUE)
A problem number is composed of two numbers; the first is the chapter number and the second is a
serial number, example, Section 2.4 is in Chapter 2 (A large square plate with a circular hole under
inplane loading) and is the fourth verification problem in the chapter. All tables and figures are
identified by the problem number followed by a serial number.
Refer to the table of contents for a complete list of all the problems in each chapter.
A second classification is given by element types or NKTP number. Table 1.1 gives a break-down of
all verification problems by element NKTP number and also identifies analysis type:
Table 1.1: Classification of verification problems by element type

NKTP
Element Shape
Analysis Type
Problem Number
4-node quadrilateral
(NORDR = 1, 12)
STATIC
Section 2.4
(NORDR = 2)
EIGENVALUE
Section 4.2
STATIC
Section 2.5
EIGENVALUE
Section 4.7
STATIC
Section 2.5, Section 2.6
EIGENVALUE
Section 4.3
STATIC
(NORDR = 2)
(NORDR = 2)
6-node triangle
(NORDR = 11)
1-6
Introduction
NKTP
Element Shape
8-node solid
(NORDR = 1, 12)
Analysis Type
STATIC
Section 2.14
EIGENVALUE
STATIC
Section 2.5
BUCKLING
Section 3.3
4
20-node solid
(NORDR = 2)
Problem Number
20-node composite solid

(NORDR = 2)
STATIC
Section 2.28
11
2-node tapered beam

(NORDR = 1)
BUCKLING
Section 3.4
2-node beam (3-D)

(NORDR = 1)
STATIC
12
EIGENVALUE
STATIC
Section 2.3, Section 2.19, Section 2.20,

Section 2.25
BUCKLING
EIGENVALUE
Section 4.1
STATIC
Section 2.21
STATIC
Section 2.11
EIGENVALUE
Section 4.5, Section 4.6, Section 4.8,

Section 4.18
EIGENVALUE
Section 4.11
EIGENVALUE
STATIC
Section 2.15
EIGENVALUE
Section 4.12
STATIC
Section 2.28
13
2-node beam
(NORDR = 1)
15
2-node spar (2-D)

(NORDR = 1)
20
(NORDR = 2)
21
2-node torsional
spring (3-D)
30
3-D general point mass

with rotary inertia
32
8-node composite shell

(NORDAR=2)
3-node composite shell
(NORDAR=10)
1-7
Introduction
NKTP
Element Shape
Analysis Type
Problem Number
STATIC
Section 2.17
EIGENVALUE
Section 4.13
6-node triangular shell

element
(NORDR = 11)
STATIC
Section 2.29
8-node axisymmetric
solid with non
axisymmetric loading
(NORDR = 2)
STATIC
Section 2.22
3-node axisymmetric
shell
(NORDR = 2)
STATIC
Section 2.10
4-node axisymmetric
shell (NORDR = 3)
STATIC
Section 2.9
38
2-node general spring

(3 D)
EIGENVALUE
Section 4.16
2-node general beam

(3-D, NORDR = 1)
BUCKLING
39
Section 3.5
EIGENVALUE
Section 4.4
STATIC
BUCKLING
Section 3.1
EIGENVALUE
8-node sandwich shell

(NORDR = 2)
33
34
36
40
4-node thin shell

(NORDR = 1)
42
2-node gap
STATIC
Section 2.19, Section 2.20, Section 2.21
47
2-node elbow element

(3-D)
STATIC
1-8
2
Static Analysis Verification
Problems
2.1
Cantilever Beam Subjected to Multiple Loading

Conditions
Title:
Cantilever beam subjected to multiple loading conditions
Element Type:
3-D beam element (NKTP = 12, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A long cantilever beam with 3cm square cross-section and 100 cm length Figure 2.1 is subjected to (a)
concentrated tip force, (b) concentrated tip moment, (c) distributed pressure load, and (d) thermal
loading. Each loading is applied separately.
The deflection at the free end, the bending moment and the maximum axial stress at the fixed end of
the beam are computed for each load case.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 207 GPa
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
= 0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
ALPX
= 1.0 10-5(1/oC)
(Thermal expansion coefficient)
= 9.0 cm2
(Cross-sectional area)
IYY
= 6.75 cm4
(Area moment of inertia about beam Y-axis)
IZZ
= 6.75 cm4
(Area moment of inertia about beam Z-axis)
Cross-section:
2 -1
Static Analysis Verification Problems

Cantilever Beam Subjected to Multiple Loading Conditions

The problem is modeled using one beam element Figure 2.1. All the six degrees of freedom are
constrained at the fixed end. Four different load cases are analyzed.
Case 1.
A concentrated force FY = 1000 N at the free end
Case 2.
A concentrated moment MZ = 1000 N-m at the free end
Case 3.
Uniformly distributed line load of 10 N/cm in the Y direction
Case 4.
Thermal loading due to a 100C temperature difference between the top and the bottom surfaces of the beam.
The stresses are computed at all the four corners of the cross-section at the fixed end, using stress
recovery points.

The deflection at the free end, bending moment and the maximum bending stress at the fixed end of the
beam are tabulated in Table 2.1. The table also shows the theoretical values for these quantities
obtained from the beam theory [1].
Reference:
1.
R.J. Roark, Formula for Stress and Strain, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,
1965.
Figure 2.1: Geometry and the Finite Element Mesh for the cantilever beam under multiple loading
Conditions
2-2 NISA II Verification Manual

Table 2.1: Comparison of the NISA and the theoretical results
Loading
Deflection
(cm)
Bending Moment
(N-cm)
Maximum Bending Stress

(N/cm2)
(at y = -1.5, z = -1.5)
NISA
NISA
NISA
Theory [1]
Theory [I]
Theory [I]
Case 1
2.38564
2.38564
-1.0 105
-1.0 105
2.2222 104
2.2222 104
Case 2
3.57846
3.57846
-1.0 105
-1.0 105
2.2222 104
2.2222 104
Case 3
0.8946 1
0.89461
-5.0 104
-5.0 104
l.l l l l 104
l.l l l l 104
Case 4
1.66667
1.66667
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NISA II Verification Manual
2-3

Input Data for Verification Problem No. 2.

**EXECUTIVE data deck
ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
CANTILEVER BEAM SUBJECTED TO DIFFERENT LOADINGS.
*ELTYPE
1, 12, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 43,1, 0
**_DISP3_: NAME =OTHER
9.0000000E+00, 6.7500000E+00, 6.7500000E+00, 1.3500000E+01,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 3.0000000E+00, 3.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
4.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 1.5000000E+00, 1.5000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,-1.5000000E+00,
1.5000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
-1.5000000E+00,-1.5000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 1.5000000E+00,-1.5000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2,000000,000000, 0,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 2.07000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
ALPX, 1, 0, 1.00000E-05,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
CONCENTRATED END FORCE.
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0

1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
**_DISP3_: CFORCE, SET =
1
2,FY, 1.00000E+03,,, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
SLFO,0
*LDCASE, ID= 2
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
CONCENTRATED END MOMENT.
*CFORCE
2
2,MZ, 1.00000E+05,,, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
SLFO,0
*LDCASE, ID= 3
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
DISTRIBUTED PRESSURE LOAD.
*PRESSURE
**_DISP3_: PRESSURE, SET =
3
1,,,1,1, 0,0.0, 0, 0
-.100E+02,-.100E+02,
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
SLFO,0
*LDCASE, ID= 4
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
THERMAL LOADING.
*NDTEMPDIF
**_DISP3_: NDTEMPDIF, SET =
4
1,TEMP, 1.00000E+02
2,TEMP, 1.00000E+02
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
2-5

Cantilever Beam Under an Off-Centered Load
2.2
Title:
Cantilever beam under an off-centered load
Element Type:
Problem:
A long cantilever beam with 3 cm square cross-section and 100 cm length is subjected to an offcentered axial force of 1000 N (Figure 2.2). The force is offset by 10 cm.
The deflection at the free end, the bending moment and the maximum axial stress at the fixed end of
the beam are computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 207 GPa
NUXY
= 0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
= 9.0 cm2
IYY
= 6.75 cm4
IZZ
= 6.75 cm4
Cross-section:

The problem is modeled using one beam element Figure 2.2. All the six degrees of freedom are
constrained at the fixed end. The off-centered force is applied using a rigid link, which connects the
point of load application to the free end of the beam. The same problem can be solved using the offset
capability of the 3-D beam element.
The stresses are computed at all the four corners of the cross-section at the fixed end, using stress
recovery points.

The deflection at the free end, bending moment and the maximum bending stress at the fixed end of the
beam are tabulated in Table 2.2. The table also shows the theoretical values for these quantities
obtained from beam theory [1].

Reference:
1.
R.J. Roark, Formulas for Stress and Strain, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,
1965.
Figure 2.2: Geometry and the Finite Element Mesh for the Cantilever under an Off-centered Loading

Result
Deflection
(cm)
Bending Moment
(N-cm)
Maximum Bending
Stress (N/cm2)
NISA Analysis
0.357846
1.0 104
2.33333 103
Theory[1]
0.357846
1.0 104
2.33333 103
2-7

Input Data for Verification Problem No. 2.2

ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
CANTILEVER BEAM SUBJECTED TO AN OFF-CENTERED END FORCE USING RIGID LINK.
*ELTYPE
1, 12, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 43,1, 0
9.0000000E+00, 6.7500000E+00, 6.7500000E+00, 1.3500000E+01,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 3.0000000E+00, 3.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
4.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 1.5000000E+00, 1.5000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,-1.5000000E+00,
1.5000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
-1.5000000E+00,-1.5000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 1.5000000E+00,-1.5000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 1.00000E+02, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2,000000,000000, 0,
*RIGLINK
1, 3, 1,1,0, 2, 0,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 2.07000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
CONCENTRATED OFF-CENTERED END FORCE.
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0

1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
*CFORCE
3,FX, 1.00000E+03,,, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
0
0
0
1
2-9

A Frame Structure Under General Loading
2.3
Title:
A frame structure under general loading
Element Type:
2-D planar beam element (NKTP = 13, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A frame structure is subjected to a uniform pressure of 5 Kips/ft and a concentrated force of 1500 lb as
shown in Figure 2.3. Displacement and the end moments for the middle member are computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
30.0 106 psi
NUXY
0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
Cross-section:
For Vertical Members:
A
1.5 105 in2
(Area of cross-section)
IYY
110.0 in4
IZZ
110.0 in4
For Horizontal Members:

A
2.0 105 in2
IYY
220.0 in4
IZZ
220.0 in4

Note that though the structure is symmetric, the problem is not symmetric because of the
nonsymmetric loading applied to the structure. Although the solution may be obtained in one load case
using a model of the entire frame, different loading conditions and load combinations are used for
illustrative purposes. Only the left half of the structure is modeled using two beam elements as shown
in Figure 2.4. Symmetric and antisymmetric boundary conditions are used, and the solution to the
problem is obtained using three load cases, followed by two load combinations as follows
Case 1.
The model is analyzed for the pressure loading alone. Since for this case the structure as
well as the loading is symmetric, symmetric boundary conditions are imposed at the line of
symmetry.

Case 2.
The model is analyzed for half of the total concentrated load. Symmetric boundary conditions are imposed at the line of symmetry.
Case 3.
Problem is solved for half of the total concentrated load with antisyrnmetric boundary conditions at the line of symmetry.
Case 4.
The solution for the left half of the frame under total loading is obtained by adding the
results from the first three load cases (Figure 2.4a). This is done by using load case combination capabilities of NISA.
Case 5.
The solution for the right half of the frame under total loading is obtained by adding the
results from the first two load cases, and then subtracting the results of the third load case,
Figure 2.4b. Again, this is done by using load case combination capabilities of NISA.

The horizontal displacement as well as the end moments for the middle member are computed, and
tabulated in Table 2.3. The table also contains the theoretical values for these quantities. Note that the
theoretical results do not account for the axial deformation of the frame members. A very high value of
the cross-sectional area is used for the beam elements to achieve similar results from the finite element
analysis.
Reference:
1.
R.L. Ketter, G.C. Lee and S.P. Prawel, Structural Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
New York, 1979.
2-11

Figure 2.3: Geometry, Loading and Finite Element Mesh for the Frame Structure

Figure 2.4: Load Case Combinations used to Obtain Solution of the Frame Structure under General
Loading (a) left half (b) right half

Analysis
Horizontal
Bending Moment at the Bending Moment at the
Displacement of the Left Corner
Right Corner
Middle Member (in) (Kips-in)
(Kips-in)
NISA
0.55227
347.529
-617.529
Theory [1]
0.55227
347.14
-617.14
2-13


ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
SINGLE SPAN PORTAL FRAME.
*ELTYPE
1, 13, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 2,1, 0
1.5000000E+05, 1.1000000E+02,
2, 2,1, 0
2.0000000E+05, 2.2000000E+02,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 0.00000E+00, 1.80000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 9.00000E+01, 1.80000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2,
2, 1, 1, 2, 0
2, 3,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 3, 0,-1, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
PRESSURE LOADING, SYMMETRIC BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
1
2,,,1,1, 0,0.0, 0, 0
0.417E+03,0.417E+03,
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0

SLFO,0
*LDCASE, ID= 2
0, 1, 3, 0,-1, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
CONCENTRATED FORCE, SYMMETRIC BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
*CFORCE
2
2,FX, 7.50000E+02,,, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
SLFO,0
*LDCASE, ID= 3
0, 1, 3, 0,-1, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
CONCENTRATED FORCE, ANTISYMMETRIC BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
*SPDISP
3
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
3
2,FX, 7.50000E+02,,, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
SLFO,0
*LDCOMB, ID = 4
1,1,1
1,1.0,2,1.0,3,1.0,
*LCTITLE
COMBINATION OF LOADCASES 1,2 AND 3. SOLUTION FOR THE LEFT SIDE
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
*LDCOMB, ID = 5
1,1,1
1,1.0,2,1.0,3,-1.0,
*LCTITLE
COMBINATION OF LOADCASES 1,2 AND 3. SOLUTION FOR THE RIGHT SIDE
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
*ENDDATA
2-15

A Large Square Plate with a Circular Hole under Inplane Loading
2.4
A Large Square Plate with a Circular Hole under Inplane

Loading
Title:
A large square plate with a circular hole under inplane loading
Element Type:
2-D four node plane stress element (NKTP = 1, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A square plate of 42 in side length and 1 in thickness has a hole of 6 in diameter in its center. The plate
is subjected to a uniform in plane pressure of 1 psi along its width Figure 2.5.
Stress concentration due to the circular hole is computed using finite element analysis, and is compared
with the theoretical solution of an infinite plate subjected to uniform inplane pressure.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 7000.0 psi
NUXY
= 0.2
(Poisson's ratio)

Due to the symmetry, only one quarter of the plate is modeled. The model consists of 30 elements.
Symmetric boundary conditions (UX = 0.0 at X = 0.0 and UY = 0.0 at Y = 0.0) are applied Figure 2.5
and Figure 2.6.

The stress concentration factor at the circular hole is computed by dividing the nodal stress in the
direction of applied load (SXX) at the circular hole (X = 0.0, Y = 3.0) by the applied pressure. Table
2.4 shows the stress concentration factors obtained from NISA as well as the theoretical analysis [1].
Reference:
1.
S. Timoshenko, Strength of Materials Part II - Advanced Theory and Problems, 3rd Edition, D.
Van Nostrand Company, Inc., 1956.

Figure 2.5: Geometry of the Square Plate with a Hole
2-17

Figure 2.6: Finite Element Mesh used for the Analysis of the Square Plate with a Hole
Table 2.4: Stress concentration factor for circular hole in a plate

Analysis
NISA
Stress concentration factor

(SXX/P at X = 0, Y = 3)
3.0006
Theory [1]
3.0
Percent error
0.02


ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
A LARGE SQUARE PLATE WITH A CIRCULAR HOLE.
*ELTYPE
1, 1, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 4,1, 0
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
*NODES
1, 1,,, 3.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2, 1,,, 3.00000E+00, 1.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
3, 1,,, 3.00000E+00, 3.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
4, 1,,, 3.00000E+00, 4.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
39,,,, 2.10000E+01, 2.10000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
40,,,, 1.40000E+01, 2.10000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
41,,,, 7.00000E+00, 2.10000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
42,,,, 0.00000E+00, 2.10000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 8, 9, 2,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0
2, 9, 10, 3,
:
:
29, 1, 1, 1, 0
33, 40, 41, 34,
30, 1, 1, 1, 0
34, 41, 42, 35,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 7.00000E+03,
NUXY, 1, 0, 2.00000E-01,
*SETS
1,S, 6,
2,S, 7,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED END PRESSURE.
2-19

*SPDISP
1
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
8,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
14,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
15,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
21,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
22,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
28,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
29,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
35,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
36,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
42,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
1
25,,,2,0, 0, -1.0, 0, 0

Thick Cylinder under Internal Pressure Load
2.5
Title:
Thick cylinder under internal pressure load
Element Type:
Case 1.
2-D eight node plane strain element (NKTP = 2, NORDR = 2)
Case 2.
2-D Eight node axisymmetric solid element (NKTP = 3, NORDR = 2)
Case 3.
3-D twenty node solid element (NKTP = 4, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
A long and thick cylinder with an inner diameter of 0.2 m and an outer diameter of 0.4 m is subjected
to an internal pressure of 100 MPa Figure 2.7.
The deflections and the radial stress distribution in the cylinder are compared with the exact solution.
Properties:
Material:
EX
210 GPa
NUXY
0.0
(Poisson's ratio)

Case 1.
Ten 8-node plain strain elements are used to model a ten degree sector of the cylinder.
Boundary conditions of no circumferential deformation are imposed using local coordinate
systems. This allows for the expansion of the cylinder in radial direction only Figure 2.7.
Case 2.
Ten 8-node axisymmetric elements are used to model 0.1 m length of the cylinder. Prescribed boundary conditions of UY = 0 on top and bottom surfaces allow for the expansion
of the cylinder in radial direction only Figure 2.7.
Case 3.
Ten 20-node solid elements are used to model a ten degree sector of the cylinder. Boundary
conditions of no vertical and circumferential deformations are imposed as in case 1 and 2.
Again, this allows for the expansion of the cylinder in radial direction only Figure 2.7.

The radial deflections at the inner and outer walls of the cylinder are computed in each case. Table 2.5
shows these values as well as the theoretical solution [1]. Close agreement between the results is
evident.
The variation of the radial and the circumferential component of the stresses is studied in each case.
These values are compared with the theoretical solution. Figure 2.8a shows the variation of the radial
stress along the radius of the cylinder. Figure 2.8b shows the variation of the circumferential stress
along the radius of the cylinder. Again, these results are compared with the theoretical results.
2-21

Figure 2.7: Geometry of the Cylinder and Finite Element Model with Boundary Conditions
Reference:
1.
R.J. Roarli, Formulas for Stress and Strain, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,
1965.

Table 2.5: Deflection in thick cylinder due to internal pressure loading

Deflection at the Inner
Wall of the Cylinder (m)
Deflection at the Outer

Wall of the Cylinder (m)
Case 1
7.93656 10-5
6.34922 10-5
Case 2
7.93651 10-5
6.34921 10-5
Case 3
7.93651 10-5
6.34920 10-5
Theory [1]
7.93651 10-5
6.34921 10-5
Figure 2.8: Stress Distribution along the Radius of a Cylinder

(a) Radial Stress (b) Circumferential Stress
2-23

Input Data for Verification Problem No. 2.5A

ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
THICK CYLINDER UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE. PLANE STRAIN MODEL.
*ELTYPE
1, 2, 2
*NODES
1, 1,,, 1.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2, 1,,, 1.05000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3, 1,,, 1.10000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4, 1,,, 1.15000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
218, 1,,, 1.85000E-01, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
219, 1,,, 1.90000E-01, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
220, 1,,, 1.95000E-01, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
221, 1,,, 2.00000E-01, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2, 3, 103, 203, 202, 201, 101,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0
3, 4, 5, 105, 205, 204, 203, 103,
:
:
9, 1, 1, 1, 0
17, 18, 19, 119, 219, 218, 217, 117,
10, 1, 1, 1, 0
19, 20, 21, 121, 221, 220, 219, 119,
*G2
201,0,0, 0.0,0.0,10.0
221,1,0, 0.0,0.0,10.0
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 2.10000E+11,
NUXY, 1, 0, 0.00000E+00,
*SETS
101,R, 1, 21, 1,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
UNIFORM INTERNAL PRESSURE.
*SPDISP


1
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
218,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
219,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
220,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
221,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
1
1,,,4,0, 0, 0.1E+09, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,101
DISP,101
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
Input Data for Verification Problem No. 2.5B

ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
THICK CYLINDER UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE. AXISYMMETRIC MODEL.
*ELTYPE
1, 3, 2
*NODES
1,,,, 1.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 1.05000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 1.10000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 1.15000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
218,,,, 1.85000E-01, 1.00000E-02, 0.00000E+00, 0
219,,,, 1.90000E-01, 1.00000E-02, 0.00000E+00, 0
220,,,, 1.95000E-01, 1.00000E-02, 0.00000E+00, 0
221,,,, 2.00000E-01, 1.00000E-02, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2, 3, 103, 203, 202, 201, 101,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0
3, 4, 5, 105, 205, 204, 203, 103,
:
2-25

:
9, 1, 1, 1, 0
17, 18, 19, 119, 219, 218, 217, 117,
10, 1, 1, 1, 0
19, 20, 21, 121, 221, 220, 219, 119,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 2.10000E+11,
NUXY, 1, 0, 0.00000E+00,
*SETS
101,R, 1, 21, 1,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
*SPDISP
1
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
220,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
220,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
221,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
221,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
1
1,,,4,0, 0, 0.1E+09, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,101
DISP,101
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
Input Data for Verification Problem No. 2.5C

ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
THICK CYLINDER UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE. SOLID MODEL.
*ELTYPE
1, 4, 2
*LCSYSTEM

4,0,0, 901, 902, 903

*NODES
1,,,, 1.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2, 1,,, 1.05000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3, 1,,, 1.10000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4, 1,,, 1.15000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
821, 1,,, 2.00000E-01, 1.00000E+01, 1.00000E-02, 4
901,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
902,,,, 9.84808E-01, 1.73648E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0
903,,,, 0.00000E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 0, 0
1, 301, 601, 602, 603, 303, 3, 2, 101, 701,
703, 103, 201, 501, 801, 802, 803, 503, 203, 202,
2, 1, 1, 0, 0
:
:
719, 119, 217, 517, 817, 818, 819, 519, 219, 218,
10, 1, 1, 0, 0
19, 319, 619, 620, 621, 321, 21, 20, 119, 719,
721, 121, 219, 519, 819, 820, 821, 521, 221, 220,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 2.10000E+11,
NUXY, 1, 0, 0.00000E+00,
*SETS
101,R, 1, 21, 1,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
*SPDISP
1
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
820,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
820,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
821,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
821,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
1
1,,,3,0, 0, 0.1E+09, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
2-27

AVND,101
DISP,101
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA

Simply Supported Circular Plate
2.6
Title:
Simply supported circular plate
Element Type:
2-D axisymmetric solid element (NKTP = 3, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
A simply supported circular plate of 50 inch radius and one inch thickness Figure 2.9 is analyzed for
uniform transverse loading. Three load cases are analyzed:
(a)
Uniformly distributed pressure of 1 psi is applied on the top face of the plate
(b)
Uniformly distributed pressure of 1 psi is applied on the bottom face of the plate
(c)
Uniform self weight is applied as a body force of magnitude 1 lb/in3
All the load cases simulate the same loading conditions and hence are equivalent. The transverse
deflection of the plate is computed along the radial direction.
Properties:
Material:
EX
1 10-7psi
NUXY
0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
DENS
1.0 lb-sec2/in4
(Mass density)

As the geometry is axisymmetric, a radial section is modeled using eight axisymmetric elements, see
Figure 2.10. Simply supported boundary conditions are imposed along the outer boundary (X = 50.0
in) by setting UY = 0.0. At the center of the plate (X = 0.0 in), due to symmetry, UX = 0.0 at all nodes.
The problem is solved using three load cases; which are equivalent.
Case 1.
Pressure load of 1 psi on top face
Case 2.
Pressure load of 1 psi on bottom face
Case 3.
Body force of 1 lb/in3
2-29


The transverse deflection of the plate along the radius is compared with the analytical solution
obtained using thin plate theory (Ref. [1]). The results are shown in Figure 2.11 as well as in Table 2.6.
The results are in excellent agreement.
Figure 2.9: Simply Supported Circular Plate
Reference:
1.
S.P. Timoshenko, Theory of Elasticity, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1970.

Table 2.6: Transverse deflection (in)

Node Number
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Theory
35
-0.435
-0.435
-0.435
-0.435
37
-0.409
-0.409
-0.409
-0.409
39
-0.351
-0.351
-0.351
-0.351
41
-0.276
-0.276
-0.276
-0.2754
43
-0.195
-0.195
-0.195
-0.195
45
-0.132
-0.132
-0.132
-0.132
47
-0.08
-0.08
-0.08
-0.08
49
-0.04
-0.04
-0.04
-0.04
51
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Figure 2.10: Finite Element Model of the Plate
Figure 2.11: Transverse Deflection of the Plate
2-31


ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
SAVE = 26,27
AUTO CONSTRAINT = OFF
*TITLE
SIMPLY SUPPORTED CIRCULAR PLATE
*ELTYPE
1, 3, 2
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
2,,,, 5.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
3,,,, 1.10000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
4,,,, 1.55000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
:
:
48,,,, 4.55000E+01, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
49,,,, 4.70000E+01, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
50,,,, 4.85000E+01, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
51,,,, 5.00000E+01, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 0, 0
1, 2, 3, 20, 37, 36, 35, 18,
2, 1, 1, 0, 0
3, 4, 5, 22, 39, 38, 37, 20,
:
:
7, 1, 1, 0, 0
13, 14, 15, 32, 49, 48, 47, 30,
8, 1, 1, 0, 0
15, 16, 17, 34, 51, 50, 49, 32,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 1.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 1.00000E+00,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
17,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
18,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
35,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


1,,,3,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
2,,,3,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
3,,,3,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
4,,,3,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
5,,,3,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
6,,,3,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
7,,,3,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
8,,,3,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*PRINTCNTL
SLFO,0
*LDCASE, ID= 2
1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*PRESSURE
1,,,1,0, 0, -1.0, 0, 0
2,,,1,0, 0, -1.0, 0, 0
3,,,1,0, 0, -1.0, 0, 0
4,,,1,0, 0, -1.0, 0, 0
5,,,1,0, 0, -1.0, 0, 0
6,,,1,0, 0, -1.0, 0, 0
7,,,1,0, 0, -1.0, 0, 0
8,,,1,0, 0, -1.0, 0, 0
*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*PRINTCNTL
SLFO,0
*LDCASE, ID= 3
1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*BODYFORCE
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,-1.0,0.0
*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*PRINTCNTL
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
2-33

Uniform Thickness Rotating Disc
2.7
Title:
Uniform thickness rotating disc
Element Type:
Problem:
A circular disc of 12 inches diameter and 2 inches thick is rotating at an angular speed of 1000 rad/sec.
The stresses and displacements in the disc are computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 3 107 psi
NUXY
= 0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
DENS
= 0.000733085 lb-sec2 /in4
(Mass density)

Since the problem is axisymmetric, a radial section of the disc is modeled using one cubic element as
shown in Figure 2.12. Body force due to the angular velocity (centrifugal force) is applied. Due to
symmetry, only one half of the radial section is modeled. Symmetric boundary conditions are applied
along the X-axis by setting UY = 0.0 and along the Y-axis by setting UX = 0.0.

The radial displacements, circumferential stress and radial stress are shown in Table 2.7 and are also
plotted in Figure 2.13, Figure 2.14, and Figure 2.15, respectively. A comparison with the analytical
solution (Ref. [1]) shows an excellent agreement.

Reference:
1.
S.P. Timoshenko, Theory of Elasticity, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1970.
Figure 2.12: Rotating Disk - NISA
Figure 2.13: Radial Deflection
2-35

Table 2.7: Radial deflection and stress

Node Number
Deflection
(10-3 in)
Circumferential Stress
(SZZ) (1000 psi)
Radial Stress
(SXX)(1000 psi)
0.0
10.79
10.79
0.479
10.05
9.53
0.825
7.97
5.93
0.908
4.53
-0.026
Figure 2.14: Tangential Stress
Figure 2.15: Radial Stress


ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
ROTATING DISC
*ELTYPE
1, 3, 3
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
2,,,, 2.00000E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
3,,,, 4.00000E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
4,,,, 6.00000E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
5,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
6,,,, 2.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
7,,,, 4.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
8,,,, 6.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
9,,,, 0.00000E+00, 6.66667E-01, 0.00000E+00,
10,,,, 0.00000E+00, 3.33333E-01, 0.00000E+00,
11,,,, 6.00000E+00, 6.66667E-01, 0.00000E+00,
12,,,, 6.00000E+00, 3.33333E-01, 0.00000E+00,
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 9, 10, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 11, 4,
3, 2,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 7.33085E-04,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
6,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
8,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
9,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
10,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*BODYFORCE
0.0,1000.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2-37

*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*PRINTCNTL
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA

Solid Disc Subjected to Radially Varying Thermal Load
2.8
Title:
Solid disc subjected to radially varying thermal load
Element Type:
Problem:
A solid circular disc of 0.1 inch radius and 0.005 inch thickness is subjected to a radially varying
thermal loading. The temperature T is assumed to vary in the radial direction as T = 100(1-x2/b2)
where b is the outer radius. The geometry and temperature distribution are shown in Figure 2.16. The
displacements and stresses are computed along a radial section.
Properties:
Material:
EX
l.0 107psi
NUX
0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
ALPX
1.0 10-7(1/oF)
(Coefficient of thermal expansion in X-direction)

As the problem is axisymmetric, a radial section of the disc is modeled using four cubic elements as
shown in Figure 2.17. Radially varying thermal loading is applied as nodal temperatures as per the
given function. Symmetric boundary conditions are applied along Y-axis by setting UX = 0.0 and
along the X-axis by setting UY = 0.0.

Radial displacements and radial as well as circumferential stresses are shown in Figure 2.18 and
Figure 2.19. Table 2.8 shows the radial displacement and Table 2.9 shows the stresses at various
points. The results show good agreement with theory [1].
Reference:
1.
C.T. Wang, Applied Elasticity, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1985.
2-39

Figure 2.16: Solid Disk with Radially Varying Thermal Load
Figure 2.17: Finite Element Model

Table 2.8: Radial displacement

Node Number
x (in)
Radial Displacement
(NISA)(UX) 10-6 in
0.0
0.0
0.003333
0.02521
0.006666
0.050366
0.01
0.07541
0.016666
0.12491
0.2333
0.17328
0.03
0.22004
0.04
0.28618
0.05
0.34613
10
0.06
0.39836
11
0.07333
0.45333
12
0.086666
0.48812
13
0.1
0.49919
Table 2.9: Radial and circumferential stresses

Node
number
Radial Stress
(SXX) l02 psi
Circumferential
Stress (SZZ) l02 psi
-0.2508
-0.2508
-0.2284
-0.1834
10
-0.1607
+0.0191
13
-0.0001
+0.4992
2-41

Figure 2.18: Radial Displacement
Figure 2.19: Radial and Circumferential Stresses


ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
SOLID DISC SUBJECTED TO RADIALLY VARYING THERMAL LOAD
*ELTYPE
1, 3, 3
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 3.33333E-03, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 6.66667E-03, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 1.00000E-02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
49,,,, 6.00000E-02, 5.00000E-03, 0.00000E+00, 0
50,,,, 7.33333E-02, 5.00000E-03, 0.00000E+00, 0
51,,,, 8.66667E-02, 5.00000E-03, 0.00000E+00, 0
52,,,, 1.00000E-01, 5.00000E-03, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 0, 0
1, 2, 3, 4, 17, 30, 43, 42, 41, 40,
27, 14,
2, 1, 1, 0, 0
4, 5, 6, 7, 20, 33, 46, 45, 44, 43,
30, 17,
3, 1, 1, 0, 0
7, 8, 9, 10, 23, 36, 49, 48, 47, 46,
33, 20,
4, 1, 1, 0, 0
10, 11, 12, 13, 26, 39, 52, 51, 50, 49,
36, 23,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 1.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-02,
ALPX, 1, 0, 1.00000E-07,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2-43

3,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
6,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
8,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
9,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
10,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
11,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
12,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
13,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
14,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
27,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
40,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*NDTEMPER
**_DISP3_: NDTEMPER, SET =
1
1,TEMP, 1.00000E+02
2,TEMP, 9.98899E+01
3,TEMP, 9.95556E+01
4,TEMP, 9.90000E+01
:
:
49,TEMP, 6.40000E+01
50,TEMP, 4.62223E+01
51,TEMP, 2.48889E+01
52,TEMP, 0.00000E+00
*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*ENDDATA

Simply Supported Circular Plate with Annular Line Load and Body Forces
2.9
Simply Supported Circular Plate with Annular Line Load

and Body Forces
Title:
Simply supported circular plate with annular line load and body forces
Element Type:
Axisymmetric shell elements (NKTP = 36, NORDR = 3)
Problem:
A circular plate of 10 inch radius and 1.0 inch thickness is simply supported at the outer edge Figure
2.20. The plate is subjected to an annular line load, gravity load and centrifugal load. Each load is
applied separately.
The deflection and stresses at the center of the plate are calculated for the three loads.
Properties:
Material:
EX
30 106 psi
NUXY
0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
DENS
0.283 lb-sec2 /in4
(Mass density)

As the geometry is axisymmetric, the plate is modeled by five 4-noded axisymmetric shell elements,
see Figure 2.20. Simply supported boundary conditions are imposed along the outer boundary (x = 5.0
in) by setting UY = 0.0. Due to axial symmetry, radial displacement UX and rotation along the Z-axis,
ROTZ are constrained at center. Three load cases are analyzed.
Case 1.
An annular line load is applied at a radius of 3 inches. An annular line load is applied as a
concentrated load of 10 lbs (FY = -10) on the node at 3 inch radius.
Case 2.
A body force due to the gravity is considered in this load case. The acceleration due to
gravity is specified as 384.6 in/sec2 in the transverse direction.
Case 3.
A body force due to the angular rotation of the disk is considered. The centrifugal load is
specified as a constant angular velocity of 9.5493 rad/sec (3000 rpm) about the Y axis.

The transverse displacement (UY), the radial stress (SXX) and the hoop stress (SZZ) at the center are
shown in Table 2.10 and Table 2.11. For case 1, the UY deflection at the node of radius 3 inches is also
given in Table 2.10. The tables also show the theoretical (Ref. [1]) values for the displacements and
stresses. An excellent agreement between NISA and theoretical solution is found.
2-45

Figure 2.20: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for Simply Supported Circular Plate
Reference:
1.
S.P. Timoshenko and J.N. Goodier, Theory of Elasticity, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,
1959.
Table 2.10: Comparison of deflections along the radius of circular plate

Load Case
Number
Location
Component
Displacement (in)
NISA
Theory
center
UY
0.1536 10-4
0.1516 10-4
r = 3.0
UY
0.1347 10-4
0.1326 10-4
center
UY
0.0256
0.0254
r = 3.0
UY
0.0228
0.0223
r = 3.0
UX
0.7187 10-4
0.7187 10-4

Table 2.11: Comparison of stresses at the center of circular plate

Load Case
Number
Component
Stress Value (psi)

NISA
Theory
Radial (SXX)
8.994
8.994
Hoop (SZZ)
8.994
8.994
Radial (SXX)
13,532.2
13532.2
Hoop (SZZ)
13,532.3
13532.2
Radial (SXX)
1064.52
1064.52
Hoop (SZZ)
1064.52
1064.52
2-47


ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
2.9 : A CIRCULAR PLATE WITH LINE LOAD AND BODY FORCES.
*ELTYPE
1, 36, 3
*RCTABLE
1, 4,1, 0
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 2.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 3.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
5,,,, 3.58333E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
6,,,, 4.16666E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
7,,,, 4.75000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
8,,,, 5.33333E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
9,,,, 5.91666E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
10,,,, 6.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
11,,,, 7.08333E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
12,,,, 7.66667E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
13,,,, 8.25000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
14,,,, 8.83333E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
15,,,, 9.41667E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
16,,,, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2, 3, 4,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0
4, 5, 6, 7,
3, 1, 1, 1, 0
7, 8, 9, 10,
4, 1, 1, 1, 0
10, 11, 12, 13,
5, 1, 1, 1, 0
13, 14, 15, 16,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+07,

NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 2.83000E-01,
*SETS
111,S, 1, 4,
222,S, 1,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
16,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
1
4,FY,-1.00000E+01,,, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,222
DISP,111
SLFO,0
*LDCASE, ID= 2
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*BODYFORCE
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,-386.4,0.0
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,222
DISP,222
SLFO,0
*LDCASE, ID= 3
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*BODYFORCE
0.0,9.5493,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,222
DISP,222
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
2-49

Hemispherical Shell Under Edge-Moment Loading
2.10 Hemispherical Shell Under Edge-Moment Loading

Title:
Hemispherical shell under edge-moment loading
Element Type:
2-D axisymmetric shell element (NKTP = 36, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
A hemispherical shell has 100 inch mean radius and is 1 inch thick. It has an opening at the crown and
is subjected to a unit edge moment as shown in Figure 2.21. The base of the shell is clamped. The
horizontal displacement and the top surface nodal stress (STY) at specific nodal points are computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
1.0 107psi
NUXY
0.33
(Poisson's ratio)

Due to axisymmetry, the shell is modeled using 12 quadratic elements as shown in Figure 2.21. A total
edge moment of 314.16 [(2 r ). (1 lb.-in)] is applied as a nodal value. Clamped boundary condition at
the base is enforced by setting UX, UY and ROTZ to zero at node 1.

The horizontal displacement and moment are plotted in Figure 2.22 as a function of the angle
(azimuthal). The displacements are shown in Table 2.12. Comparison with the theoretical results (Ref.
[1]) shows very good agreement.
Reference:
1.
P.A. Grafton and D.R. Strome, Analysis of Axisymmetric Shell by the Direct Stiffness Method,
AIAAJ, 1, 2342-2347, 1963.

Figure 2.21: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for a Hemispherical Shell with Edge
Loading
2-51

Table 2.12: Displacements

Node
Angle
Displacement 10-5 in
19
45o
-0.0473
21
40o
-0.2778
23
35o
-0.3058
24
32.5o
+0.2485
25
30o
+1.5955
Figure 2.22: Horizontal Displacement

Input Data for Verification Problems No. 2.10

ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
HEMISPHERICAL SHELL UNDER EDGE-MOMENT LOADING
*ELTYPE
1, 36, 2
*RCTABLE
1, 3,1, 0
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
*NODES
1, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 2.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 7.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
5, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
6, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 1.25000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
7, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 1.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
8, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 1.75000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
9, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 2.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
10, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 2.25000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
11, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 2.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
12, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 2.75000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
13, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 3.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
14, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 3.25000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
15, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 3.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
16, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 3.75000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
17, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 4.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
18, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 4.25000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
19, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 4.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
20, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 4.75000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
21, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 5.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
22, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 5.25000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
23, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 5.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
24, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 5.75000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
25, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 6.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2, 3,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0
3, 4, 5,
2-53

3, 1, 1, 1, 0
5, 6, 7,
4, 1, 1, 1, 0
7, 8, 9,
5, 1, 1, 1, 0
9, 10, 11,
6, 1, 1, 1, 0
11, 12, 13,
7, 1, 1, 1, 0
13, 14, 15,
8, 1, 1, 1, 0
15, 16, 17,
9, 1, 1, 1, 0
17, 18, 19,
10, 1, 1, 1, 0
19, 20, 21,
11, 1, 1, 1, 0
21, 22, 23,
12, 1, 1, 1, 0
23, 24, 25,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 1.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.30000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 1.00000E+00,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 3, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
1
25,MZ,-3.14159E+02,,, 0, 0
*ENDDATA

Clamped Square Plate with Central Concentrated Load
2.11
Title:
Clamped square plate with central concentrated load
Element Type:
3-D general shell element (NKTP = 20, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
A clamped square plate shown in Figure 2.23 is subjected to a central concentrated load of 10 lbs. The
plate has a side length of 8 inches and thickness of 0.12 inch. The objective is to compute
displacements and stresses along the X-axis of the plate.
Properties:
Material:
EX
9.1 106 psi
NUXY
0.3
(Poisson's ratio)

Due to symmetry, only a quarter of the plate is modeled using 2 2 and 4 4 meshes. Figure 2.23
shows the 4 4 mesh. Clamped boundary conditions at X = 4.0 in and Y = 4.0 in are imposed by
setting all displacements and rotations to zero. Symmetric boundary conditions on Y = 0.0 are imposed
by setting UY = 0.0 and ROTX = 0.0 and along X = 0.0 by setting UX and ROTY = 0.0.
Results and Comparisons:

The central vertical deflection obtained from NISA, for the 4 4 mesh, is 0.002497 inch which is in
very good comparison with the theoretical value of 0.002489 inch (Ref. [1]).
The vertical deflection of the plate along the X axis is shown in Figure 2.25 for the two different
meshes along with the theoretical solutions [1]. Convergence towards the theoretical solution is clearly
observed as the mesh is refined. Figure 2.26 shows the bottom surface stress (SXX) along the x-axis in
comparison with the finite element solution [2] where good agreement is found.
References:
1.
S.P. Timoshenko and S. Woinowsky-Krieger, Theory of Plates and Shells, 2nd Edition,
McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1959.
2.
O.C. Zienkiewicz, The Finite Element Method, McGraw-Hill Book Co., London,
249-251, 1977.
2-55

Figure 2.23: Clamped Plate with Central Concentrated Load

Figure 2.25: Vertical Deflection along X-axis
Figure 2.26: Bottom Surface Stresses along X-axis
2-57


ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
IDNUM = REGULAR
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
CLAMPED SQUARE PLATE WITH CENTRAL CONCENTRATED LOAD
*ELTYPE
1, 20, 2
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
1.2000000E-01, 1.2000000E-01, 1.2000000E-01, 1.2000000E-01,
1.2000000E-01, 1.2000000E-01, 1.2000000E-01, 1.2000000E-01,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 1.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
75,,,, 1.00000E+00, 3.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
77,,,, 2.00000E+00, 3.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
79,,,, 3.00000E+00, 3.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
81,,,, 4.00000E+00, 3.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 2, 3, 48, 12, 11, 10, 46,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
3, 4, 5, 50, 14, 13, 12, 48,
:
:
15, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
32, 33, 34, 79, 43, 42, 41, 77,
16, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
34, 35, 36, 81, 45, 44, 43, 79,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 9.10000E+06,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0

1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
81,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
1
1,FZ, 2.50000E+00,,, 0, 0
*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*ENDDATA
2-59

Cylindrical Shell Roof under Self-Weight
2.12 Cylindrical Shell Roof under Self-Weight

Title:
Cylindrical shell roof under self-weight
Element Type:
3-D four node thin shell element (NKTP = 40, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A cylindrical shell roof with a radius 25 ft, length 50 ft and thickness 0.25 ft is subjected to self weight
load of 90 lb/ft (along its length). The roof is supported by diaphragms on both the ends Figure 2.27.
Deflection along the direction of load application (i.e. Y-direction displacement) at the middle of the
free edge of the roof is computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 432.0 106 lb/ft2
NUXY
= 0.0
(Poisson's ratio)
DENS
= 11.25 lb-sec2/ft4
(Density)

Due to the symmetry, only one quarter of the roof is modeled. The following boundary conditions are
applied:
1.
At Z = 0.0 ft, Diaphragm boundary conditions UX = UY = 0.0
2.
At Z = 25.0 ft, Symmetric boundary conditions UZ = ROTX = ROTY = 0.0
3.
At X = 0.0 ft, Symmetric boundary conditions UX = ROTY = ROTZ = 0.0
Acceleration due to gravity is taken to be 32.0 ft/s2.

The problem is solved using three different mesh sizes of 4 4, 8 8 and 14 14, respectively.
Figure 2.27 shows the 4 4 mesh.

Table 2.13 shows the vertical deflection at the center of the free edge of the roof (Z = 25.0 ft, at 40
degrees), obtained from the NISA analysis. Analytical solutions for this problem are based on certain
assumptions, and no exact solution is available [1]. NISA results are compared with the finite element
analysis results [1] with the comparable number of degrees of freedom meshes.

Figure 2.27: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for the Cylindrical Shell Roof
Reference:
1.
R.D. Cook, Concepts and Applications of Finite Elenzent Analysis, 2nd Edition, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., 1981.
Table 2.13: Deflection at the Middle of the Free Edge of Roof for Different Mesh Sizes
NISA Results 4-node Element
Ref [1] Results 8-node Element
Mesh
Deflection (ft)
Deflection (ft)
4 4
0.3027
0.2935
8 8
0.3003
0.3019
14 14
0.3003
0.3015
2-61


ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
CYLINDRICAL ROOF SUBJECTED TO DEAD WEIGHT OF 90.0, 4X4 QUAD4 MESH
*ELTYPE
1, 40, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01,
2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01,
*NODES
1, 1,,, 2.50000E+01, 9.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
2, 1,,, 2.50000E+01, 8.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
3, 1,,, 2.50000E+01, 7.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
4, 1,,, 2.50000E+01, 6.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
82, 1,,, 2.50000E+01, 8.00000E+01,-2.50000E+01, 0
83, 1,,, 2.50000E+01, 7.00000E+01,-2.50000E+01, 0
84, 1,,, 2.50000E+01, 6.00000E+01,-2.50000E+01, 0
85, 1,,, 2.50000E+01, 5.00000E+01,-2.50000E+01, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 2, 22, 21,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
2, 3, 23, 22,
:
:
15, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
63, 64, 84, 83,
16, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
64, 65, 85, 84,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 4.32000E+08,
NUXY, 1, 0, 0.00000E+00,
DENS, 1, 0, 1.12500E+01,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 3, 0,-1, 4, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
UNIFORM DEAD WEIGHT FORCE.

*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
84,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
85,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
85,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
85,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*BODYFORCE
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,32.0,0.0
*ENDDATA
2-63

Thin Cylindrical Shell Under A Concentrated Force (Pinched Cylinder)
2.13 Thin Cylindrical Shell Under A Concentrated Force

(Pinched Cylinder)
Title:
Thin cylindrical shell under a concentrated force (pinched cylinder)
Element type:
3-D four node thin shell element (NKTP = 40, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A cylindrical shell with a 300 inch radius, 600 inch length, and 3.0 inch thickness is subjected to a
concentrated force of 1 lb. (Figure 2.28).
The radial deflection of the cylinder at the point of load application is compared with the theoretical
solution.
Properties:
Material:
EX
3.0 106 psi
NUXY
0.3
(Poisson's ratio)

Due to the symmetry, only one eighth of the cylinder is modeled with a 12 12 mesh (Figure 2.28).
Following boundary conditions are applied:
1.
At Z = 300 in, Symmetric boundary conditions UZ = ROTX = ROTY = 0.0
2.
At X = 0.0 in, Symmetric boundary conditions UX = ROTY = ROTZ = 0.0
3.
At Y = 0.0 in, Symmetric boundary conditions UY = ROTX = ROTZ = 0.0

Table 2.14 shows the radial deflection at the point of loading obtained from the finite element analysis
and the theoretical analysis [1]. A good agreement between the results is evident.
Reference:
1.
S. Timoshenko and S. Woinowsky-Krieger, Theory of Plates and Shells, 2nd Edition, McGrawHill Book Co. Inc., New York, 1959.

Figure 2.28: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for Thin Cylindrical Shell under
Concentrated Force
Table 2.14: Radial Deflection at the Point of Loading for a Pinched Cylinder
Analysis
Radial Deflection at the

Point of Loading (in)
NISA
4.62516 10-4
Theory [1]
4.51970 10-4
Percent error
2.28
2-65


ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
PINCHED CYLINDRICAL SHELL WITH FREE ENDS. 12X12 QUAD4 MESH
*ELTYPE
1, 40, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
3.0000000E+00, 3.0000000E+00, 3.0000000E+00, 3.0000000E+00,
3.0000000E+00, 3.0000000E+00, 3.0000000E+00, 3.0000000E+00,
*NODES
1, 1,,, 3.00000E+02, 9.00000E+01, 3.00000E+02, 0
2, 1,,, 3.00000E+02, 8.25000E+01, 3.00000E+02, 0
3, 1,,, 3.00000E+02, 7.50000E+01, 3.00000E+02, 0
4, 1,,, 3.00000E+02, 6.75000E+01, 3.00000E+02, 0
:
:
250, 1,,, 3.00000E+02, 2.25000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
251, 1,,, 3.00000E+02, 1.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
252, 1,,, 3.00000E+02, 7.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
253, 1,,, 3.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 2, 22, 21,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
2, 3, 23, 22,
:
:
143, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
231, 232, 252, 251,
144, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
232, 233, 253, 252,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+06,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 3, 0,-1, 4, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
CONCENTRATED FORCE.
*SPDISP


1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
13,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
253,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
253,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
253,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
253,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
1
241,FY, 2.50000E-01,,, 0, 0
*ENDDATA
2-67

A Clamped Square Orthotropic Plate Under Pressure Loading
2.14 A Clamped Square Orthotropic Plate Under Pressure

Loading
Title:
A clamped square orthotropic plate under pressure loading
Element Type:
3-D eight noded solid element (NKTP = 4, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A square orthotropic plate has unit length and 0.01 inch thickness. The plate is subjected to a pressure
load of 1 psi (Figure 2.29). Compute the strain energy and transverse displacement at the center of the
plate. The problem is analyzed for two sets of rotation angles for the material axes. The first set of
rotation angles is (0, 0, 15o) and the second (0, 0, 45o).
Properties:
Material:
EX
40000.0 psi
EY
1000.0 psi
EZ
1000.0 psi
GXY
500.0 psi
GXZ
500.0 psi
GYZ
416.7 psi
NUXY
0.25
NUXZ
0.0
NUYZ
0.0
(Moduli of elasticity in principal directions)
(Shear moduli in material principal directions)
(Poisson's ratios in the material principal directions)

Mesh sizes of 8 8 1 and 16 16 1 are used to model the plate. Figure 2.29 shows the 8 8 1
mesh. The material rotation angles are defined on an element by element basis. Clamped boundary
conditions (UX = UY = UZ = 0.0) are imposed on all four sides of the plate. A pressure loading of 1
psi is applied on the top face of the plate.

The strain energy and central transverse displacement are shown in Table 2.15 along with the results of
Ref. [1]. The results are in good agreement. The convergence of the solution with the refinement of the
mesh can also be observed from the table

Figure 2.29: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh of a Clamped Square Plate under Pressure Loading
Reference:
1.
A.K. Noor and M.D. Mathers, Finite Element Analysis of Anisotropic Plates, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 11, 289-307, 1977.
2-69

Table 2.15: Comparison of results for the clamped square orthotropic plate under pressure
loading
Rotation angle
( z )
Strain energy
Mesh: 8 8 1
15o
0.1468
0.9094
Mesh: 16 16 1
15o
0.1688
0.9521
Reference 1
15o
0.17460
Mesh: 8 8 1
45o
0.1799
1.2738
Mesh: 16 16 1
45o
0.2184
1.5805
Reference 1
45o
0.2262
1.6311
Source
Central Transverse
Displacement (w)


ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
PRESSURE LOADING ON AN ORTHOTROPIC CLAMPED PLATE, THETA=15
*ELTYPE
1, 4, 1
*NODES
1,,,,-5.00000E-01,-5.00000E-01,-5.00000E-03, 0
2,,,,-3.75000E-01,-5.00000E-01,-5.00000E-03, 0
3,,,,-2.50000E-01,-5.00000E-01,-5.00000E-03, 0
4,,,,-1.25000E-01,-5.00000E-01,-5.00000E-03, 0
:
:
178,,,, 1.25000E-01, 5.00000E-01, 5.00000E-03, 0
179,,,, 2.50000E-01, 5.00000E-01, 5.00000E-03, 0
180,,,, 3.75000E-01, 5.00000E-01, 5.00000E-03, 0
181,,,, 5.00000E-01, 5.00000E-01, 5.00000E-03, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 0, 1
1, 2, 11, 10, 101, 102, 111, 110,
2, 1, 1, 0, 1
2, 3, 12, 11, 102, 103, 112, 111,
:
:
63, 1, 1, 0, 1
70, 71, 80, 79, 170, 171, 180, 179,
64, 1, 1, 0, 1
71, 72, 81, 80, 171, 172, 181, 180,
*MATDIR2
1, 0, 0, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,0
64, 1, 0, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,0
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 4.00000E+01,
EY , 1, 0, 1.00000E+00,
EZ , 1, 0, 1.00000E+00,
NUXY, 1, 0, 2.50000E-01,
NUXZ, 1, 0, 0.00000E+00,
NUYZ, 1, 0, 0.00000E+00,
GXY , 1, 0, 5.00000E-01,
GXZ , 1, 0, 5.00000E-01,
GYZ , 1, 0, 4.16670E-01,
2-71

*SETS
101,R, 20, 60, 20,
102,R, 10, 120, 10,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
180,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
181,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
181,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
181,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
1
1,,,1,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
2,,,1,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
3,,,1,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
4,,,1,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
:
:
61,,,1,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
62,,,1,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
63,,,1,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
64,,,1,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,102
DISP,102
ELFO,101
ELSE,101
ELST,101
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA

Analysis of Nine Layer Cross-Ply Orthotropic Plate
2.15 Analysis of Nine Layer Cross-Ply Orthotropic Plate

Title:
Analysis of nine layer cross-ply orthotropic plate
Element Type:
3-D eight noded laminated composite shell element (NKTP = 32, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
A nine layers laminated square plate, ten inches wide, is simply supported and subjected to a uniform
pressure of 10 psi (Figure 2.30). The lamination is alternating at 0o and 90o with respect to global xaxis. The total thickness of the five layers at 0o is same as the total thickness of the four layers at 90o.
To show a wide applicability of the element, three problems are solved. (a) a very thin plate (b) a thin
plate and (c) a thick plate. The central transverse displacement, total strain energy and the central
moment resultant (MXX) are computed in each case.
Properties:
In the material directions, the elastic properties and allowable stresses are:
Material:
EX
40.0 106 psi
EY
1.0 106 psi
GXY = GXZ
0.6 106 psi
GYZ
0.5 106 psi
NUXY
0.25
FXT
150.0 103 psi
FXC
100.0 103 psi
FYT
10.0 103 psi
FYC
15.0 103 psi
FS
20.0 103 psi
(Moduli of elasticity)
(Shear moduli)
(Poisson's ratio)
(Allowable Stresses)
Note: The allowable stresses are input as material properties for laminated composite elements.
2-73

Figure 2.30: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh of a Nine Layer Cross-Ply Orthotropic Plate

Since the plate is orthotropic in the global coordinates, using symmetry in the problem, only one
quarter of the geometry is modeled using a 2 2 mesh (Figure 2.30). The following boundary
conditions are applied:
At X = 0.0 in, simply supported boundary conditions UY = UZ = ROTX = 0.0
At Y = 0.0 in, simply supported boundary conditions UX = UZ = ROTY = 0.0
At X = 5 in, symmetric boundary conditions UX = ROTY = 0.0

At Y = 5 in, symmetric boundary conditions UY = ROTX = 0.0

Three different cases are analyzed for central transverse deflection, total strain energy and the central
moment resultant.
Case 1.
A very thin plate of total thickness 0.010 in
Case 2.
A thin plate of total thickness 0.10 in
Case 3.
A thick plate of total thickness 1.0 in

Table 2.16 shows the comparisons of central transverse displacement, total strain energy and central
moment resultant (MXX) with exact and approximate solutions [I]. Results are in good agreement in
all the three cases.
Reference:
1.
A.K. Noor and M.D. Mathers, Shear Flexible Finite Element Models of Laminated Composite
Plates and Shells, NASA TN D-8044, 1975.
Table 2.16: Comparison of results for the simply supported square orthotropic plate under
pressure loading
Thickness to
Length Ratio
(t/a)
Central Transverse
Deflection
Strain Energy
Central Moment
(MXX) Resultant
NISA
NISA
NISA
Ref. [1]
Ref. [1]
Ref. [1]
0.1
0.0005844
0.0005848
0.126
0.126
91.68
84.24
0.01
0.4474
0.4486
92.8
93.0
96.42
88.79
0.001
365.30
447.2
74952.0
92700.0
80.60
88.85
2-75


ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
IDNUM = REGULAR
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
STATIC ANALYSIS OF NINE LAYER CROSS-PLY ORTHOTROPIC PLATES
*ELTYPE
1, 32, 2
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
9.9999998E-03, 9.9999998E-03, 9.9999998E-03, 9.9999998E-03,
9.9999998E-03, 9.9999998E-03, 9.9999998E-03, 9.9999998E-03,
2, 8,1, 0
1.2500000E-02, 1.2500000E-02, 1.2500000E-02, 1.2500000E-02,
1.2500000E-02, 1.2500000E-02, 1.2500000E-02, 1.2500000E-02,
3, 8,1, 0
1.0000000E-03, 1.0000000E-03, 1.0000000E-03, 1.0000000E-03,
1.0000000E-03, 1.0000000E-03, 1.0000000E-03, 1.0000000E-03,
4, 8,1, 0
1.2500000E-03, 1.2500000E-03, 1.2500000E-03, 1.2500000E-03,
1.2500000E-03, 1.2500000E-03, 1.2500000E-03, 1.2500000E-03,
5, 8,1, 0
1.0000000E-01, 1.0000000E-01, 1.0000000E-01, 1.0000000E-01,
1.0000000E-01, 1.0000000E-01, 1.0000000E-01, 1.0000000E-01,
6, 8,1, 0
1.2500000E-01, 1.2500000E-01, 1.2500000E-01, 1.2500000E-01,
1.2500000E-01, 1.2500000E-01, 1.2500000E-01, 1.2500000E-01,
*LAMANGLE
1,8
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
2,8
90.0,90.0,90.0,90.0,90.0,90.0,90.0,90.0
*LAMSQ2
**_DISP3_: 1,NAME =
1,9,1,1
1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,1
2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,1,1

1,1,1,1,1,1,1
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
2,,,, 1.25000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
3,,,, 2.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
4,,,, 3.75000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
5,,,, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
6,,,, 0.00000E+00, 1.25000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
8,,,, 2.50000E+00, 1.25000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
10,,,, 5.00000E+00, 1.25000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
11,,,, 0.00000E+00, 2.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
12,,,, 1.25000E+00, 2.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
13,,,, 2.50000E+00, 2.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
14,,,, 3.75000E+00, 2.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
15,,,, 5.00000E+00, 2.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
16,,,, 0.00000E+00, 3.75000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
18,,,, 2.50000E+00, 3.75000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
20,,,, 5.00000E+00, 3.75000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
21,,,, 0.00000E+00, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
22,,,, 1.25000E+00, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
23,,,, 2.50000E+00, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
24,,,, 3.75000E+00, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
25,,,, 5.00000E+00, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 0, 0,,,,, 0
1, 2, 3, 8, 13, 12, 11, 6,
2, 1, 1, 0, 0,,,,, 0
3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 14, 13, 8,
3, 1, 1, 0, 0,,,,, 0
11, 12, 13, 18, 23, 22, 21, 16,
4, 1, 1, 0, 0,,,,, 0
13, 14, 15, 20, 25, 24, 23, 18,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 4.00000E+07,
EY , 1, 0, 1.00000E+06,
NUXY, 1, 0, 2.50000E-01,
GXY , 1, 0, 6.00000E+05,
GXZ , 1, 0, 6.00000E+05,
GYZ , 1, 0, 5.00000E+05,
DENS, 1, 0, 1.00010E+00,
FXC , 1, 0, 1.00000E+05,
FXT , 1, 0, 1.50000E+05,
FYC , 1, 0, 1.50000E+04,
FYT , 1, 0, 1.00000E+04,
FS , 1, 0, 2.00000E+04,
*SETS
101,S, 1, 4,
102,R, 1, 25, 2,
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2-77

*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
25,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
25,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
25,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
25,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
1
1,,,1,0, 0, 10.0, 0, 0
2,,,1,0, 0, 10.0, 0, 0
3,,,1,0, 0, 10.0, 0, 0
4,,,1,0, 0, 10.0, 0, 0
*SFDCOMP
0.0,0,0
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,102
DISP,102
ELFO,101
ELSE,101
ELST,101
REAC,102
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA

This page is intentionally blank
2.16 This page is intentionally blank
2-79

Analysis of a Three-layer Sandwich Plate
2.17 Analysis of a Three-layer Sandwich Plate

Title:
Analysis of a three-layer sandwich plate
Element Type:
3-D eight noded sandwich shell element (NKTP = 33, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
A simply supported square sandwich plate, ten inches wide, is subjected to a uniform normal pressure
of 100 psi. The face sheets and the core material are orthotropic in global XY plane (i.e. material axes
coincide with global X and Y axes). The face sheets and the core material are 0.028 inch and 0.75 inch
thick, respectively.
The center transverse deflections is computed. Also, contour plots of the inplane stresses are shown.
Properties:
Material:
In the material principal directions, the following properties are used
(a) Face Sheets
EX
10.0 106 psi
EY
4.0 106 psi
GXY
1.875 106 psi
(Inplane shear modulus)
NUXY
0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
FXT =
FXC
50.0 103 psi
FYT
15.0 103 psi
FYC
20.0 103 psi
(Elastic moduli)
(Allowable stresses)
(b) Core Material

EX
0.0
GXZ
3.0 104 psi
GYZ
1.2 104psi
FTS
2.0 104psi
(Elastic modulus)
(Shear moduli)
(Allowable stresses)
Note: The allowable stresses are input as material properties for laminated composite elements. A zero
value for EX indicates that material type 2 is a core material.

Figure 2.31: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh of a Three-layer Sandwich Plate

Using symmetry in the model, only one quarter of the geometry is modelled using 2 2 mesh
(Figure 2.33). Following boundary conditions are applied:
-
At x = 0 in, simply supported boundary conditions UX = UZ = ROTY = 0.0

At y = 0 in, simply supported boundary conditions UY = UZ = ROTX = 0.0
At x = 5 in, symmetric boundary conditions UX = ROTY = 0.0
At y = 5 in, symmetric boundary conditions UY = ROTX = 0.0
Rotations about the normal to the plate are suppressed at all nodes to avoid spurious
rotations.

Table 2.17 shows the comparison of center deflections obtained from NISA with the analytical and
finite element results [1].
Figure 2.32 is a stress survey plot. Examination of this reveals that the inplane shear stress component
is 93% of allowable for element 1, while Y-direction normal stress component is most critical in
elements 2, 3, and 4, the maximum being 95% of the allowable for element 4.
Contour plots of the three inplane stress components (Sxx, Syy, Sxy)in the top layer are shown in Figure
2.32. Since the plate is in pure bending, the bottom layer stresses are the opposite of the top layer
2-81

stresses. The transverse shear stress resultant (Qx) contour plots show the distribution of transverse
shear stress in the core.
Reference:
1.
T.P. Khatua and Y.K. Chueng, Bending and Vibration of Multilayer Sandwich Beams and Plates,
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 6, 11-24, 1973.
Table 2.17: Comparison of results for the simply supported sandwich plate under pressure
loading
Source
Central Transverse Deflection (w)
NISA
0.1254
Analytical solution [1]
0.123
Finite element solution [l]
0.1213
Figure 2.32: Contour Plots of Stress and Resultant for a Simply Supported
Sandwich Plate under Uniform Pressure


ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
2.19 : PROPPED CANTILVER BEAM WITH A GAP
*ELTYPE
1, 13, 1
2, 42, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 4,1, 0
3.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+01, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
2, 5,1, 0
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E-01, 1.0000000E-24,
-9.0000000E+01,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 1.00000E+01,-1.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 1.00000E+01,-1.01000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0
3, 4,
3, 1, 2, 2, 0
2, 3,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.33333E+02,
NUXY, 1, 0, 0.00000E+00,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2-83

*CFORCE
1
2,FY,-2.00000E+00,,, 0, 0
*ENDDATA

This page is intentionally blank
2.18 This page is intentionally blank
2-85

Propped Cantilever Beam with a Gap
2.19 Propped Cantilever Beam with a Gap

Title:
Propped cantilever beam with a gap
Element Type:
2-D gap element (NKTP = 42)
Problem:
A 10 inch long cantilever beam is propped at the free end by a column of 10 inch height. The beam and
column joint has a 0.1 inch gap (Figure 2.33). The beam and the column have same cross-sectional
area and moment of inertia. The cantilever is subjected to a tip load of 2 pounds.
The displacement under the load and the axial force in the column are calculated.
Properties:
Material:
EX
0.33333 103 psi
NUXY
0.0
(Poisson's ratio)
Cross-section:
IZZ
10 in4
(Second area moment about

beam Z-axis)
3 in 2

The beam and the column are modeled using one 2-D beam element each. The gap is modeled using 2D gap element. The gap is oriented in the Y direction. The initial gap value is given as 0.1 inch. The
tolerance for iterative convergence for gap closing is 10-8. The nodes at the left end of the beam and at
the base of the column are constrained (UX = UY = ROTZ = 0.0). A concentrated force (FY = -2.0 lbs)
is applied on the node at the right end of the beam.

Figure 2.33: Propped Cantilever Beam with a Gap

The displacement (UY) under the load is found to be 0.109091 inch. The force (FX) in column is
0.909091 pounds. The theoretical values for the displacement and the force are given by the following
formulas. These formulas can be easily derived using the basic rules of mechanics of structure. The
formulas for calculating UY and FX are:
A L 2 GW
P L 3
UY = ---------------------------------------- + ----------------------------------------------( 3 IZZ + A L 2 ) E ( 3 IZZ + A L 2 )
(2.1)
P L 2 A
3 A EX IZZ GW
FX = ---------------------------------------- + ---------------------------------------------2
( 3 IZZ + A L ) L ( 3 IZZ + A L 2 )
(2.2)
The NISA results exactly matches the values calculated using the above formulas
2-87


ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
2.21 : TRUSS WITH MISALIGNED SUPPORTS
*ELTYPE
1, 15, 1
2, 18, 1
3, 42, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 2,1, 0
1.0000000E+01, 1.0000000E+01,
2, 1,1, 0
1.0000000E+09,
3, 1,1, 0
1.0000000E+06,
4, 5,1, 0
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 8.0000001E-01, 9.9999999E-09,
-9.0000000E+01,
5, 5,1, 0
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 8.9999998E-01, 9.9999999E-09,
-9.0000000E+01,
6, 5,1, 0
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 1.2000000E+00, 9.9999999E-09,
-9.0000000E+01,
7, 5,1, 0
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 5.0000000E-01, 9.9999999E-09,
-9.0000000E+01,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 1.00000E+02, 1.20000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 2.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 3.00000E+02, 1.20000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0
:

:
19,,,, 6.00000E+02,-1.20000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
20,,,, 8.00000E+02,-1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00,
21,,,, 8.00000E+02,-5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00,
22,,,, 1.00000E+03,-1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00,
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 3,
:
:
28, 0, 3, 6, 0
7, 19,
29, 0, 3, 7, 0
9, 21,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+07,
*SETS
111,R, 3, 9, 2, 15, 21, 2,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
6,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
12,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
12,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
14,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
20,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
21,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
22,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
22,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
1
3,FY,-4.00000E+04,,, 0, 0
5,FY,-4.00000E+04,,, 0, 0
7,FY,-4.00000E+04,,, 0, 0
9,FY,-4.00000E+04,,, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
DISP,111
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
0
0
0
0
2-89

Beam on a Tensionless Elastic Foundation
2.20 Beam on a Tensionless Elastic Foundation

Title:
Beam on a tensionless elastic foundation
Element Type:
2-D spring element (NKTP = 18, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A 30 inch long beam (3 inches wide, 1 inch deep) rests on an elastic soil foundation (Figure 2.34). The
soil is active in compression only. A concentrated load of 8000 lbs. is applied at the midspan of the
beam. The foundation modulus is 5000 lb./in3.
The midspan displacement and the contact length of the beam are calculated.
Properties:
Material:
EX
30.0 106 psi
(Modulus of elasticity of beam material)
NUXY
0.0
(Poisson's ratio)
Cross-Section:
IZZ
0.25 in4
(Second area moment about beam Z-axis)
3 in2

Due to symmetry, only one half of the structure is modeled using 2-D beam, 2-D spring and 2-D gap
(or compression-only spring) elements (Figure 2.34). The beam is divided into eight equal length beam
elements with two nodes per element. The tensionless foundation is simulated by nine discrete
equidistant springs. The two springs (near the midspan) are assumed to be active in tension and
compression. These two springs support the beam initially. The remaining seven compression-only
springs are modeled by gap elements with negative flexibility coefficients and zero gap width.
The spring constant (K) is taken as foundation modulus times beam-width times spacing between the
springs (K = 5000*3*1.875 = 28125 lb/in). The flexibility coefficient (F) for a typical compressiononly spring is the reciprocal of the spring constant (F = -1/K).

Figure 2.34: Geometry, Loading and Finite Element Model for a Beam on Elastic
Foundation

Results for the displacement under the concentrated load and the extent of the contact are compared to
the exact solution (Ref. [1]) and to the approximate solution of Ref. [2] in Table 2.18. The contact
length (projected on to the X-axis) is approximately computed by linear interpolation of the vertical
displacement (UY) over the beam segment in which the deflection changes sign. Also shown in the
table are the results of two additional NISA models (input data not provided) with different number of
spring elements.
References:
1.
M. Hetenyi, Beams on Elastic Foundation, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan,
1967.
2.
F. Faten Mahmoud, N.J. Salamon and W.R. Marks, A Direct Automated Procedure for Frictionless Contact Problem, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 18, 245-257,
1982.
2-91

Table 2.18: Comparison of results for beam on tensionless elastic foundation

Source
Displacemet under
the Load (inches)
Half Length of
Contact (inches)
NISA model A (6 springs)*
0.043468
10.401
NISA model B (9 springs)
0.043471
10.4125
NISA model C (1 1 springs)*
0.043478
10.546
Ref. [1] (Exact)
0.043480
10.505
Ref. [2]
0.042420
11.792
* Input data not provided


ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
HOLLOW CIRCULAR CYLINDER SUBJECTED TO NONAXISYMMETRIC LOADING
*ELTYPE
1, 34, 2
*NODES
1,,,, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 5.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 6.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 6.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
42,,,, 5.50000E+00, 8.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
43,,,, 6.00000E+00, 8.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
44,,,, 6.50000E+00, 8.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
45,,,, 7.00000E+00, 8.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 0, 0
1, 2, 3, 8, 13, 12, 11, 6,
2, 1, 1, 0, 0
3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 14, 13, 8,
:
:
7, 1, 1, 0, 0
31, 32, 33, 38, 43, 42, 41, 36,
8, 1, 1, 0, 0
33, 34, 35, 40, 45, 44, 43, 38,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
*SETS
101,S, 1, 2,
102,R, 35, 45, 10,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2-93

2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
4,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*FRCNTL
1,6,0,5
*ANGSEC
0.0,18.0,54.0,90.0,180.0
*FRCOEF
FRSET,1,1.0
COS,1,1.887
COS,2,1.577
COS,3,1.15
COS,4,0.709
COS,5,0.34
*PRESSURE
1
2,,,2,0, 1, 227.36, 0, 0
4,,,2,0, 1, 227.36, 0, 0
6,,,2,0, 1, 227.36, 0, 0
8,,,2,0, 1, 227.36, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,102
DISP,102
ELFO,101
ELSE,101
ELST,101
REAC,102
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA

Truss on Misaligned Supports
2.21 Truss on Misaligned Supports

Title:
Truss on misaligned supports
Element Type:
2-D spar element (NKTP = 15)
2-D spring element (NKTP = 18)
Problem:
A 1000 inch span (5 panels of 200 inch each) truss has six (flexible) supports Figure 2.35. The four
supports, located in between the end supports, are misaligned. The misalignments and the three pointloads on the truss are shown in Figure 2.35. The displacements at the joints (at the bottom chord of the
truss) and the final gap widths are calculated.
Properties:
Material:
EX
30.0 106 psi
Cross-section:
A1
10.0 in2
(Cross-sectional area at left end)
A2
10.0 in2
(Cross-sectional area at right end)

Two-dimensional spar elements of constant cross section are used to model the truss. The flexible
supports are represented by spring elements. The end supports are made stiffer than the intermediate
supports Figure 2.35. The misalignment of the truss is modeled with gap elements. The spring supports
are fixed (UX = UY = 0.0) to the ground. The joint at the top center of the truss is restrained from
moving in horizontal (UX = 0.0) direction. Only vertical movement is allowed at the center supports.
Four concentrated forces 40,000 lbs. each are applied at the bottom chord of the truss as shown.

The calculated displacements at selected nodes and final gap width are shown in Table 2.19 and Table
2.20 respectively. The support forces on the intermediate springs are listed in Table 2.21. The tables
also show the values obtained from Ref. [1]. As indicated, NISA results and values from Ref. [1]
match exactly.
2-95

Figure 2.35: Truss on Misaligned Supports
Reference:
1.
W.R. Marks, Solution of Frictionless Contact Problems by a Conjugate Gradient Technique,

M.Sc.Thesis, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 1979.

Table 2.19: Nodal displacement in inches

NISA
Node
Reference
-1.1801 10-1
-5.9902 10-1
-1.1801 10-1
-5.9902 10-1
-3.8220 10-2
-9.1924 10-1
-3.8220 10-2
-9.1924 10-1
-5.3594 10-2
-9.0721 10-1
5.3594 10-2
-9.0721 10-1
1.2368 10-1
-5.3625 10-1
1.2368 10-1
-5.362 10-1
15
0.0
17
0.0
19
0.0
21
0.0
0.0
0.0
-1.9241 10-2
0.0
1.5285 10-13
0.0
-1.9241 10-2
0.0
-3.6254 10-2
0.0
4.3663 10-13
-3.6254 10-2
Table 2.20: Extent of the contact gap

Node Contact
Pair
Initial Gap
Width
Extent of Gap
Contact
Reference [l]
Final Gap Width
3-15
0.8
No Contact
No Contact
5-17
0.9
-1.9241 10-2
-1.9241 10-2
7-19
1.2
No Contact
No Contact
9-21
0.5
-3.6254 10-2
-3.6254 10-2
Table 2.21: Intermediate support forces

Spring
NISA
Ref. [1]
0.0
0.0
19240
19240
0.0
0.0
36254
36250.
2-97


ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
2.21 : TRUSS WITH MISALIGNED SUPPORTS
*ELTYPE
1, 15, 1
2, 18, 1
3, 42, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 2,1, 0
1.0000000E+01, 1.0000000E+01,
2, 1,1, 0
1.0000000E+09,
3, 1,1, 0
1.0000000E+06,
4, 5,1, 0
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 8.0000001E-01, 9.9999999E-09,
-9.0000000E+01,
5, 5,1, 0
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 8.9999998E-01, 9.9999999E-09,
-9.0000000E+01,
6, 5,1, 0
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 1.2000000E+00, 9.9999999E-09,
-9.0000000E+01,
7, 5,1, 0
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 5.0000000E-01, 9.9999999E-09,
-9.0000000E+01,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 1.00000E+02, 1.20000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 2.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 3.00000E+02, 1.20000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0
:

:
19,,,, 6.00000E+02,-1.20000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
20,,,, 8.00000E+02,-1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00,
21,,,, 8.00000E+02,-5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00,
22,,,, 1.00000E+03,-1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00,
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 3,
:
:
28, 0, 3, 6, 0
7, 19,
29, 0, 3, 7, 0
9, 21,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+07,
*SETS
111,R, 3, 9, 2, 15, 21, 2,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
6,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
12,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
12,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
14,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
20,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
21,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
22,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
22,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
1
3,FY,-4.00000E+04,,, 0, 0
5,FY,-4.00000E+04,,, 0, 0
7,FY,-4.00000E+04,,, 0, 0
9,FY,-4.00000E+04,,, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
DISP,111
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
0
0
0
0
2-99

Hollow Circular Cylinder Subjected to Nonaxisymmetric Loading
2.22 Hollow Circular Cylinder Subjected to

Nonaxisymmetric Loading
Title:
Hollow circular cylinder subjected to nonaxisymmetric loading
Element Type:
Axisymmetric solid element with nonaxisymmetric loading (NKTP = 34, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
A hollow circular cylinder, fixed at one end, has an inside radius of 5.0 inches, and outside radius of
7.0 inches and length of 8.0 inches. It is subjected to an external pressure, P( ) = (Pi/2)(l+cos(m ))
per unit area (where m = 10/3 and m m ) on a portion of the circumference as shown in
Figure 2.36. The total load over the whole cylinder is 10,000 lb/in. It is desired to compute the
displacement at the outer radius of the free end and stresses at the fixed end.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 3.0 107psi
NUXY = 0.3
(Poisson's ratio)

For comparison and verification of results, two models are used in solving this problem. The first is an
axisymmetric model with non-axisymmetric loading, NKTP = 34 and NORDR = 2, whereas the
second model is a three dimensional one, NKTP = 4 and NORDR = 2.
In the first model, a radial section is modeled using 2 4 in mesh of axisymmetric elements
(Figure 2.36). The loading is symmetric about = 0o line which when represented by Fourier series
will have only the cosine terms. These terms are given by:
Pi
1
a o = ------ ----- ( 1 + cos m) d
2 2
1 Pi
a n = --- ----- ( 1 + cos m) cos n d
2
where m = 54o and m = 10/3

The Fourier coefficients are computed as follows:
(2.3)

The value of Pi in the pressure distribution is calculated from the given total load P tot ;
Figure 2.36: Geometry and FE Model of Shell with Nonaxisymmetric Loading
Figure 2.37: Top View of Cylinder

P tot =
---- P
m i
----- ( 1
2
-----m
+ cos m )R d = 10000 lb in
(2.4)
which gives:
m
P i = ------- P tot
R
(lb/in2)
2-101

The value of the Fourier coefficients a, can be calculated by the integration. By choosing the first six
terms, we obtain:
a 0 = 1.0P tot
a 1 = 1.88P tot
a 2 = 1.557P tot
a 3 = 1.150P tot
a 4 = 0.709P tot
a 5 = 0.340P tot
tot
where P tot = ---------
2R
In the second model, 3-D solid elements (NKTP = 4, NORDR = 2) are used to model 180' segment of
the cylinder. A total of 80 elements and 577 nodes are used (see Figure 2.38).
A similar pressure load is applied on the element surface along the circumferential direction according
to the function.
P ( ) = ( P i 2 ) ( 1 + cos m)
(2.5)
where m m and m=10/3

P
10 tot
- = 1515.8 lb/in
and the value of P i as obtained above is P i = ------ -------3 R

Table 2.23 and Table 2.24 show the comparison of global displacements and von Mises stress at
various angular positions. Good agreement between the two solutions is found. Table 2.25 also shows
the local displacements at node 45 at various angles as output from NISA. The global values may be
computed from these local values by suitable coordinate transformation.

Figure 2.38: 3-D Model of the Cylinder
Table 2.22: Comparison of the two models

Model
8 node Axisymmetric
Elements with
Nonaxisymmetric Loading
20-node Three
Dimensional Solid
Elements
Number of elements
80
Number of nodes
37
577
Total DOF
111
1731
2-103

Table 2.23: Comparison of displacement at node 45 in global direction

Angle
(deg.)
Axisymmetric Model Global Displacement Component 10-3 inch
3-D Model Global Displacement

Component 10-3 inch
UX
UX
UY
UZ
UY
UZ
0o
-3.047
0.8282
0.0
-3.02
0.822
0.0
18o
-2.51
0.6915
-0.394
-2.49
0.687
-0.397
54o
-0.671
0.3218
0.545
-0.671
0.0346
0.529
90o
-0.629
-0.2688
1.111
-0.627
-0.267
1.10
180o
0.1826
0.05329
0.0
0.179
0.0528
0.0
Table 2.24: The von Mises equivalent stress at nodes (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

Angle
Element Type
0o
Nodal Points Stress (psi)

Node-1
Node-2
Node-3
Node-4
Node-5
Axisymmetric
3-D solid
7196.7
7309.0
4814.9
5232.0
4180.95
5052.0
8160.0
7970.0
12486.6
11948.0
18o
Axisymmetric
3-D solid
6530.0
6499.0
4404.6
4624.0
3612.15
4243.0
6630.5
6454.0
10157.0
9688.0
90o
Axisymmetric
3-D solid
2004.7
2009.0
1777.9
1828.0
1985.05
2032.0
2836.8
2729.0
3863.6
3722.0
180o
Axisymmetric
3-D solid
111.0
125.2
90.03
101.7
94.54
98.25
125.6
123.4
168.9
176.0
Table 2.25: Local displacements at node 45

Angle
Ux: Radial
10-3 inch
Uy: Axial
10-3 inch
Uz: Circumferential
10-3 inch
0o
- 3.047
0.8282
0.0
18o
-2.509
0.6915
0.4004
54o
0.04679
0.03218
0.8629
90o
1.111
-0.2688
0.6290
180o
-0.1826
0.05329
0.0


ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
HOLLOW CIRCULAR CYLINDER SUBJECTED TO NONAXISYMMETRIC LOADING
*ELTYPE
1, 34, 2
*NODES
1,,,, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 5.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 6.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 6.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
42,,,, 5.50000E+00, 8.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
43,,,, 6.00000E+00, 8.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
44,,,, 6.50000E+00, 8.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
45,,,, 7.00000E+00, 8.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 0, 0
1, 2, 3, 8, 13, 12, 11, 6,
2, 1, 1, 0, 0
3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 14, 13, 8,
:
:
7, 1, 1, 0, 0
31, 32, 33, 38, 43, 42, 41, 36,
8, 1, 1, 0, 0
33, 34, 35, 40, 45, 44, 43, 38,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
*SETS
101,S, 1, 2,
102,R, 35, 45, 10,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2-105

2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
4,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*FRCNTL
1,6,0,5
*ANGSEC
0.0,18.0,54.0,90.0,180.0
*FRCOEF
FRSET,1,1.0
COS,1,1.887
COS,2,1.577
COS,3,1.15
COS,4,0.709
COS,5,0.34
*PRESSURE
1
2,,,2,0, 1, 227.36, 0, 0
4,,,2,0, 1, 227.36, 0, 0
6,,,2,0, 1, 227.36, 0, 0
8,,,2,0, 1, 227.36, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,102
DISP,102
ELFO,101
ELSE,101
ELST,101
REAC,102
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA

Cantilever Elbow Subjected to Multiple Loading Conditions
2.23 Cantilever Elbow Subjected to Multiple Loading

Conditions
Title:
Cantilever elbow subjected to multiple loading conditions
Element Type:
3-D elbow element (NKTP = 47, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A quarter bend cantilever elbow with outer diameter = 10 in, thickness = 0.25 in and radius of
curvature = 100 in Figure 2.39 is subjected to (a) concentrated tip force FZ, (b) concentrated tip
moment MX, and (c) concentrated tip moment MY.
Properties:
Material:
EX
1.0 107psi
NUXY
0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
Cross-section:
D
10 in
(Outer diameter)
0.25 in
(Pipe wall thickness)
100 in
(Radius of curvature)
Deformation Factors:
SHY
1.887 (Default)
FLX
dd----------------
2
1.65r (ASME)
tR
(Shear correction factor)

(Flexibility factor)
2-107


The problem is modeled using one elbow element (Figure 2.39). All six degrees of freedom are
constrained at the fixed end. Three different load cases are analyzed.
Case 1.
A concentrated force FZ = 100 lb at the free end
Case 2.
A concentrated moment MX = 100 lb-in at the free end
Case 3.
A concentrated moment MY = 100 lb-in at the free end

The out-of-plane deflection and rotations at the free end are compared with the theoretical values
obtained from Ref. 1 in Table 2.26.
Reference:
1.
I. Vigness, Elastic Properties of Curved Tubes, Transactions of the ASME, February 1943.

Table 2.26: Comparison of the NISA and theoretical results

Results
UZ
X
Y
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
NISA
Theory[1]
NISA
Theory[1]
NISA
Theory[1]
1.87157
1.86168
-1.57518
-1.57518
-1.04656
-1.04654
10-1
10-1
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
-1.57518
-1.57518
2.47429
2.47427
1.47457
1.47456
10-3
10-3
10-5
10-5
10-6
10-6
-1.04656
-1.04654
1.47457
1.47456
2.47429
2.47427
10-3
10-3
10-6
10-6
10-5
10-5
Figure 2.39: Geometry and the Finite Element Mesh for the Cantilever Elbow under
Multiple Loading Conditions
2-109


ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
CANTILEVER QUARTER BEND ELBOW SUBJECTED TO DIFFERENT LOADINGS
*ELTYPE
1, 47, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 12,1, 0
1.0000000E+01, 2.5000000E-01, 1.0000000E+02,-2.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
*NODES
1, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 9.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
10,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2, 10, 0,000000,000000,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 1.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
CONCENTRATED END FORCE FZ
*SPDISP
1
2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
1
1,FZ, 1.00000E+02,,, 0, 0
*LDCASE, ID= 2
1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
CONCENTRATED END FORCE MX

*CFORCE
2
1,MX, 1.00000E+02,,, 0, 0
*LDCASE, ID= 3
1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*CFORCE
3
1,MY, 1.00000E+02,,, 0, 0
*ENDDATA
2-111

Cantilever Curved Beam Subjected to Multiple Loading Conditions
2.24 Cantilever Curved Beam Subjected to Multiple

Loading Conditions
Title:
Cantilever curved beam subjected to multiple loading conditions
Element Type:
3-D elbow element (NKTP = 47, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A quarter bend cantilever beam with a circular cross section of diameter = 10 in and a radius of
curvature = 100 in Figure 2.40 is subjected to (a) concentrated tip force FZ, (b) concentrated tip
moment FY, and (c) concentrated tip moment MZ.
Properties:
Material:
EX
1.0 107 psi
NUXY
0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
Cross-section:
D
10 in
(Section diameter)
100 in
(Radius of curvature)
Deformation Factors:
ALPHY
0.0 in
(no shear deformation) (Shear correction factor)
FLX
1.0 in
(Flexibility Factor)

The problem is modeled using one elbow element (Figure 2.40). All six degrees of freedom are
constrained at the fixed end. Three different load cases are analyzed.
Case 1.
A concentrated force FX = 100 lb at the free end
Case 2.
A concentrated force FY = 100 lb at the free end
Case 3.
A concentrated moment MZ = 100 lb-in at the free end

The in-plane displacements and rotation at the free end are compared with the theoretical values in
Table 2.27. The theoretical values are obtained by Castigliano's first theorem as given by Ref. [1] and
the deflections due to axial force which the Ref. [1] ignores.

Reference:
1.
R.J. Roark, Formula for Stress and Strain, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,
1965.
Figure 2.40: Geometry and the Finite Element Mesh for the Cantilever Curved Beam
under Multiple Loading Conditions
2-113

Table 2.27: Comparison of the NISA and theoretical results

UZ
NISA
1.60100 10-2
1.01796 10-2
2.03718 10-4
Theory[1]
1.60100 10-2
1.01796 10-2
2.03718 10-4
NISA
1.01796 10-2
7.26633 10-3
1.16282 10-4
Theory[1]
1.01796 10-2
7.26633 10-3
1.16281 10-4
NISA
2.03718 10-4
1.16282 10-4
3.20000 10-6
Theory[1]
2.03718 10-4
1.16281 10-4
3.20000 10-6
Results
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3


ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
CANTILEVER CURVED BEAM SUBJECTED TO DIFFERENT LOADINGS
*ELTYPE
1, 47, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 12,1, 0
1.0000000E+01, 5.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+02, 0.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
*NODES
1, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 9.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
10,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2, 10, 0,000000,000000,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 1.00000E+07,
DENS, 1, 0, 1.00000E-03,
ALPX, 1, 0, 1.00000E-03,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
CONCENTRATED END FORCE FX
*SPDISP
1
2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
1
1,FX, 1.00000E+02,,, 0, 0
*LDCASE, ID= 2
1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
2-115

CONCENTRATED END FORCE FY

*CFORCE
2
1,FY, 1.00000E+02,,, 0, 0
*LDCASE, ID= 3
1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*CFORCE
3
1,MZ, 1.00000E+02,,, 0, 0
*ENDDATA

Demonstration of the Use of Restarts in the Static and Buckling Analysis of the L-shaped Frame
2.25 Demonstration of the Use of Restarts in the Static and

Buckling Analysis of the L-shaped Frame
Title:
Demonstration of the use of Restarts in the static and buckling analysis of the L-shaped frame shown
in Figure 2.41.
Element Type:
2-D planar Beam element (NKTP= 13, NORDR= 1)
Problem:
Restarts are to be used to analyze the frame for the three loading situations shown in Figure 2.42
through Figure 2.44. Also, the concentrated vertical load at B which will cause the frame to buckle is
to be determined.
Properties:
Material:
EX
30.0 106 lbs/in2
NUXY
0.0
(Poisson's ratio)
Cross-section:
Square of side 4 in
A
16 in2
IZZ
21.3333 in4

The frame is modeled using 2-D planar beam elements. As shown in Figure 2.42, the portion AB of the
frame has five elements and the portion BC one element. For purposes of static analysis, it suffices to
have just one element for AB as well. But a buckling analysis also needs to be done and the use of only
one element to model the buckling of a column is insufficient in that it does not accurately model its
buckled shape. In the present problem, the buckling of the frame due to a concentrated vertical load at
B is likely to involve buckling of the member AB as a column; hence the use of 5 elements to model
AB.
The in-plane translational degrees of freedom are arrested at the hinged end A and all in-plane degrees
of freedom are constrained at the built-in end C.
2-117

Analysis Procedure and Results:

Once any finite element model is made, it is good practice to perform a model check by doing a check
run (using the executive command EXEC=CHECK). It may be noted that File 26 is saved here so that
a Restart 1 may be initiated later without having to input the model data all over again in the restart.
Figure 2.41: Geometry and Dimensions
Figure 2.43: Load Case No. 200
Figure 2.44: Load combination ID No. 300
After the successful completion of the check run, a Static Restart 1 is done in order to find the
displacement of the structure for load case ID no. 100. It may be seen that the model data block is
absent since it is accessed from File 26 of the previous run. It is for this reason that it is essential that
the FILENAME prefix be the same in the initial and restart input files. Files 24, 27, 28 and 30 are
explicitly saved in this run since it is expected that further restarts may be done later. File 26 is saved
automatically at the end of this restart run because any old file saved in a preceding run is always saved
in its new state if modified, and in its old state if unaltered. It may also be observed from *LDCASE

that only the displacement solution is computed for load case ID 100. The vertical displacement of
point B for this load case is shown in Table 2.28.
The next step in the procedure is to analyze the structure for a different loading situation, namely, load
case ID 200. A Static Restart 3 is done now instead of starting from scratch, the advantage being that
information from previous runs (for example, model data, element stiffness matrices, decomposed
stiffness matrix) can be readily utilized. The boundary conditions need not be specified in this restart
run because they are unchanged from the earlier run. Again from *LDCASE, it can be seen that only
displacements are computed for load case ID 200 at this time. The vertical displacement of point B for
this load case is also listed in Table 2.28.
The displacement of the frame when subjected to the loads in Figure 2.44 is easily computed by doing
a Restart 2 now and combining load case ID 100 and load case ID 200 (*LDCOMB) with factors of
0.5 and 1.0, respectively. Assume also that the end force/moments for load case ID 100 (not computed
in the Restart 1 run) are now desired and that so also are the reactions for each of the two load cases.
These can be obtained in this restart run by appropriate *LDCASE entries. The displacements of the
structure evaluated in earlier runs are used to compute these quantities. The end moment at B for load
case ID 100 and the moment reactions at C for load case ID 100 and load case ID 200 are tabulated in
Table 2.28.
The values of the various quantities determined by the above restarts can be verified either by
performing a simple indeterminate frame analysis as in Ref. [I], or determining the same quantities by
carrying out a scratch NISA run without employing restarts. The values obtained from the scratch runs
are shown in the last column of Table 2.28. It can be seen that the two columns are identical.
Finally, a buckling analysis is performed to evaluate the concentrated vertical load at B which will
cause the frame to buckle. This can be done now by a Buckling Restart 4 from the last static restart
run. Note that the *LDCASE data group refers to load case ID 100. If this data group had been
omitted, the latest *LDCASE data group specified in the earlier runs (i.e., load case ID 200) would
have been used for the buckling analysis. The first buckling load factor is found to be 1.1597 which
gives a buckling load of -1159.7 Kips, which is in close agreement with the theoretical value of 1158.3 Kips obtained from Ref [2].
References:
1.
R.L. Ketter, G.C. Lee and S.P. Prawel, Jr., Structural Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill Book
Co., New York, 1979.
2.
A. Chajes, Principles of Structural Stability Theory, Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Series, N.M. Newmark and W.J. Hall, Editors, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey, 1974.
2-119

Table 2.28: Comparison of displacements and reactions at selected points

Quantity
Restart Run
Scratch Run
Vertical displacement of point B for load case ID

no. 100
-1.87289 10-1 (in)
-1.87289 10-1 (in)
Vertical displacement of point B for load case ID

no. 200
-6.01978 10-3 (in)
-6.01978 10-3 (in)
Vertical displacement of point B for load

combination ID no. 300
-9.96641 10-2 (in)
-9.96641 10-2 (in)
Moment at B for load case ID no. 100
3.80416 101 (Kip-in)
3.80416 101(Kip-in)
Reaction moment at C for load case ID no. 100
-6.34151 101 (Kip-in)
-6.34151 101(Kip-in)
Reaction moment at C for load case ID no. 200
-7.25286 102(Kip-in)
-7.25286 102(Kip-in)


ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
EXECUTION = CHECK
FILE = S25
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
DEMONSTRATION OF RESTARTS IN STATIC ANALYSIS: CHECK RUN
*ELTYPE
1, 13, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 2,1, 0
1.6000000E+01, 2.1333334E+01,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 0.00000E+00, 1.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 0.00000E+00, 3.60000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 0.00000E+00, 5.40000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
5,,,, 0.00000E+00, 7.20000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
6,,,, 0.00000E+00, 9.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
7,,,, 9.00000E+01, 9.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0
2, 3,
3, 1, 1, 1, 0
3, 4,
4, 1, 1, 1, 0
4, 5,
5, 1, 1, 1, 0
5, 6,
6, 1, 1, 1, 0
6, 7,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 0.00000E+00,
*LDCASE, ID= 100
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
A CONCENTRATED VERTICAL FORCE OF -1000 KIPS AT NODE 6
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET = 100
2-121

1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
**_DISP3_: CFORCE, SET = 100
6,FY,-1.00000E+06,,, 0, 0
*ENDDATA
Input File for Static Restart 1

PROBLEM=S25R1.NIS
ANALYSIS=STATIC
RESTART=1
RESEQ=OFF
**
** FILES 24,27,28 AND 30 ARE SAVED HERE SO THAT A STATIC
** RESTART 2 OR 3 MAY BE DONE LATER. FILE 26 IS AUTOMATICALLY
** SAVED SINCE IT IS ACCESSED FROM PREVIOUS RUN (RESTART 0).
FILE=S25
SAVE=24,27,28,30
**
*TITLE
DEMONSTRATION OF RESTARTS IN STATIC ANALYSIS: RESTART 1
**
**
** ONLY DISPLACEMENTS ARE COMPUTED; ELEMENT STRAIN ENERGY, ELEMENT
** INTERNAL FORCES, REACTIONS AND ELEMENT STRESSES/STRAINS ARE NOT
** COMPUTED IN THIS RESTART RUN FOR LOAD CASE 100.
*LDCASE, ID=100
0,0,0,0
**
**
*LCTITLE
A CONCENTRATED VERTICAL FORCE OF -1000 KIPS AT NODE 6
*CFORCE
6,FY,-1000000.
*SPDISP
1,UX,0.0,0,0,UY
7,UX,0.0,0,0,UY,ROTZ
*ENDDATA

PROBLEM=S25R2.NIS
ANALYSIS=STATIC
RESTART=2
RESEQ=OFF

FILE=S25
*TITLE
**
**
** IN THIS RESTART, REACTIONS AND ELEMENT STRESSES ARE COMPUTED
** FOR LOAD CASE 100; ALSO, THE ELEMENT STRESSES ARE PRINTED IN
** OUTPUT FILE
*LDCASE, ID=100
0,1,2,0
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
**
**
** IN THIS RESTART, REACTIONS ARE COMPUTED FOR LOAD CASE 200
*LDCASE, ID=200
0,1,0,0
**
**
** COMBINATION OF LOAD CASES 100 AND 200 IS DONE TO DETERMINE
** DISPLACEMENTS OF STRUCTURE TO A NEW SET OF LOADS.
*LDCOMB, ID=300
1,0
100,0.5,200,1.0
*ENDDATA

PROBLEM=S25R3.NIS
ANALYSIS=STATIC
RESTART=3
RESEQ=OFF
FILE=S25
*TITLE
**
**
** ONLY DISPLACEMENTS ARE COMPUTED; ELEMENT STRAIN ENERGY, ELEMENT
** INTERNAL FORCES, REACTIONS AND ELEMENT STRESSES/STRAINS ARE NOT
** COMPUTED IN THIS RESTART RUN FOR LOAD CASE 200.
*LDCASE, ID=200
0,0,0,0,
**
**
*LCTITLE
A UNIFORM VERTICAL LOAD OF -10 KIPS/FT ON ELEMENT 6
*PRESSURE
6,,,1,0,0,833.333333,
**
2-123

** NO SPDISP DATA GROUP IS SPECIFIED HERE; THUS THE SAME

** SPDISP DATA AS IN LOAD CASE ID=100 IS USED.
**
*ENDDATA
Input File for Buckling Restart 4

PROBLEM=S25R4.NIS
ANALYSIS=BUCKLING
RESTART=4
EIGEN=SUBSPACE,CONVENTIONAL
RESEQ=OFF
FILE=S25
*TITLE
DEMONSTRATION OF RESTARTS: BUCKLING RESTART 4 FROM A STATIC RESTART
**
** THE BUCKLING LOAD FACTORS ARE DETERMINED FOR LOAD CASE 100
*LDCASE, ID=100
0,0,0,0,
**
*EIGCNTL
2,0
** NO SPDISP DATA GROUP IS SPECIFIED HERE; THUS THE SAME
** SPDISP DATA AS IN LOAD CASE ID=100 IS USED.
*ENDDATA

Interlaminar Shear Stresses for Eight-layer Antisymmetric Angle-ply Laminated Square Plates
2.26 Interlaminar Shear Stresses for Eight-layer

Antisymmetric Angle-ply Laminated Square Plates
Title:
Interlaminar shear stresses for eight-layer antisymmetric angle-ply laminated square plates.
Element Type:
1.
Eight noded 3-D laminated composite shell element (NKTP=32,NORDR=2)
2.
Twelve noded 3-D laminated composite shell element (NKTP=32,NORDR=3)
3.
Six noded 3-D laminated composite shell element (NKTP=32,NORDR=ll)
Problem:
Figure 2.45 shows a square plate of size 32 32 in. and a total thickness, h equal to 3.2 in., subjected
to a uniform distributed pressure, q equal to 1.0 ksi. Global axes, x and y, are placed at the middle
surface (reference surface) of the plate. Axis z is a normal to the reference surface. Nine layers, 0/45/
45/45/45/-45/-45/-45/-45, are selected to represent eight-layer anti-symmetric angle-ply plate. Top
layer, with angle 0 (measured with respect to x-axis) and thickness 1.0 10-15, is considered to
express interlaminar shear stresses with respect to the global axes.
Numerical results for interlaminar shear stresses obtained from NISA II are compared with that due to
Chaudhuri and Seide [1] as well as the CLT (classical lamination theory) solution.
Properties:
The following material properties are used:
EX
25 l06 psi
EY
106 psi
GXY=GXZ
5.0 l05 psi
GYZ
2.0 l05 psi
NUXY
0.25

The plate is modeled, using 16 16 mesh for NORDR = 2 and 3; 12 12 mesh for NORDR = 11, for
the following boundary conditions:
At X = 0.0 and a, UX=UY=UZ=ROTX=0.0
At Y = 0.0 and b, UX=UY=UZ=ROTY=0.0
Rotations (ROTZ) about the normal to the plate are suppressed at all nodes to avoid spurious rotations.
2-125


Figure 2.46 shows the comparison of interlaminar shear stresses, xz , obtained from NISA with the
CLT and LCST (layerwise constant shear angle theory) results [1].
Figure 2.45: Simply Supported Plate Model
Reference:
1.
R.A. Chaudhuri and P. Seide, An Approximate Semi-Analytical Method for Prediction of Interlaminar Shear Stresses in an Arbitrarily Laminated Thick Plate, Computers & Structures, 25(4),
627-636, 1987.

Figure 2.46: Transverse Shear Stress Variation through the Thickness
2-127

Input Data for Verification Problem No. 2.26A

ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
IDNUM = REGULAR
SOLV = FRON
FILE = S26A
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
INTERLAMINER SHEAR STRESSES FOR EIGHT-LAYER ANTISYMMETRIC ANGLE-PLY
SQUARE PLATES (SS4)
*ELTYPE
1, 32, 2
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
4.0000001E-01, 4.0000001E-01, 4.0000001E-01, 4.0000001E-01,
4.0000001E-01, 4.0000001E-01, 4.0000001E-01, 4.0000001E-01,
2, 8,1, 0
1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15,
1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15,
*LAMANGLE
1,8
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
2,8
-45.0,-45.0,-45.0,-45.0,-45.0,-45.0,-45.0,-45.0
3,8
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*LAMSQ2
**_DISP3_: 1,NAME =
1,9,1,1
2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,3
1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,1,1
1,1,1,1,1,1,1
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 2.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 3.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
1086,,,, 2.90000E+01, 3.20000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
1087,,,, 3.00000E+01, 3.20000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
1088,,,, 3.10000E+01, 3.20000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0

1089,,,, 3.20000E+01, 3.20000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0

*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 0, 0,,,,, 0
1, 2, 3, 36, 69, 68, 67, 34,
2, 1, 1, 0, 0,,,,, 0
3, 4, 5, 38, 71, 70, 69, 36,
:
:
253, 1, 1, 0, 0,,,,, 0
1015, 1016, 1017, 1050, 1083, 1082, 1081, 1048,
254, 1, 1, 0, 0,,,,, 0
1017, 1018, 1019, 1052, 1085, 1084, 1083, 1050,
255, 1, 1, 0, 0,,,,, 0
1019, 1020, 1021, 1054, 1087, 1086, 1085, 1052,
256, 1, 1, 0, 0,,,,, 0
1021, 1022, 1023, 1056, 1089, 1088, 1087, 1054,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 2.50000E+04,
EY , 1, 0, 1.00000E+03,
NUXY, 1, 0, 2.50000E-01,
GXY , 1, 0, 5.00000E+02,
GXZ , 1, 0, 2.00000E+02,
GYZ , 1, 0, 5.00000E+02,
*SETS
101,S, 1, 128, 144,
102,R, 1, 100, 5,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 3, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
1089,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1089,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1089,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1089,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
1
1,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
2,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
3,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
4,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
:
:
2-129

253,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0,
254,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0,
255,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0,
256,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0,
*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*SFDCOMP
0.08,3,1
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,102
DISP,102
ELFO,101
ELSE,101
ELST,101
REAC,102
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
0
0
0
0
Input Data for Verification Problem No. 2.26B

ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
INTERLAMINER SHEAR STRESSES FOR EIGHT-LAYER ANTISYMMETRIC ANGLE-PLY
SQUARE PLATES (SS4)
*ELTYPE
1, 32, 11
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
4.0000001E-01, 4.0000001E-01, 4.0000001E-01, 4.0000001E-01,
4.0000001E-01, 4.0000001E-01, 4.0000001E-01, 4.0000001E-01,
2, 8,1, 0
1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15,
1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15,
*LAMANGLE
1,8
45.0,45.0,45.0,45.0,45.0,45.0,45.0,45.0
2,8
-45.0,-45.0,-45.0,-45.0,-45.0,-45.0,-45.0,-45.0
3,8
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0

*LAMSQ2
**_DISP3_: 1,NAME =
1,9,1,1
2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,3
1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,1,1
1,1,1,1,1,1,1
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
2,,,, 2.66667E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
3,,,, 5.33333E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
4,,,, 8.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
:
:
166,,,, 2.40000E+01, 3.20004E+01, 0.00000E+00,
167,,,, 2.66667E+01, 3.20004E+01, 0.00000E+00,
168,,,, 2.93333E+01, 3.20004E+01, 0.00000E+00,
169,,,, 3.20000E+01, 3.20004E+01, 0.00000E+00,
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 15, 29, 28, 27, 14,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 2, 3, 16, 29, 15,
:
:
70, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
139, 140, 141, 154, 167, 153,
71, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
141, 155, 169, 168, 167, 154,
72, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
141, 142, 143, 156, 169, 155,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 2.50000E+04,
EY , 1, 0, 1.00000E+03,
NUXY, 1, 0, 2.50000E-01,
GXY , 1, 0, 5.00000E+02,
GXZ , 1, 0, 5.00000E+02,
GYZ , 1, 0, 2.00000E+02,
*SETS
101,S, 1, 35, 36,
102,R, 1, 100, 5,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 3, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2-131

:
:
169,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
169,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
169,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
169,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
1
1,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
2,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
3,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
4,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
:
:
69,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
70,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
71,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
72,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*SFDCOMP
0.07,1,52
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,102
DISP,102
ELSE,101
ELST,101
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA

Interlaminar Shear Stresses for Cross-Ply Laminated Spherical Shells of Rectangular Planform.
2.27 Interlaminar Shear Stresses for Cross-Ply Laminated

Spherical Shells of Rectangular Planform.
Title:
Interlaminar shear stresses for cross-ply laminated spherical shells of rectangular planform.
Element Type:
1.
Eight noded 3-D laminated composite shell element (NKTP=32, NORDR=2)
2.
Twelve noded 3-D laminated composite shell element (NKTP=32,NORDR=3)
3.
Six noded 3-D laminated composite shell element (NKTP=32, NORDR=11)
Problem:
Figure 2.47 shows geometry of a spherical shell of radius of curvature, R equal to 640 in. and total
thickness, h equal to 3.2 in., subjected to a uniform distributed pressure, q equal to 1.0 ksi. Local axes,
x and y, are placed at middle surface (reference surface) of the shell thickness. Axis z is normal to the
reference surface.
Numerical results for interlaminar shear stresses obtained from NISA II are compared with the exact
solution presented by Reddy [1].
Properties:
The following material properties are used:
Material:
EX
25 l06 psi
EY
106 psi
GXY = GXZ
5.0 105psi
GYZ
2.0 l05 psi
NUXY
0.25

The shell is modeled, using 16 16 mesh for NORDR = 2 and 3; and 16 8 mesh for NORDR=11,
for the following boundary conditions:
At x = 0.0 and a, UX=UZ=ROTY=0.0
At y = 0.0 and b, UY=UZ=ROTX=0.0
Rotations (ROTZ) about the normal to the shell are suppressed at all nodes to avoid spurious rotations.
2-133


Table 2.29-Table 2.31 show the comparison of interlaminar shear stresses, xz and yz obtained from
NISA II with the exact solution [1].
Figure 2.47: A Simply Supported Spherical Shell of Rectangular Planform
Reference:
1.
J.N. Reddy, Exact Solutions of Moderately Thick Laminated Shells, ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 110(5), 794-809, 1984.

Table 2.29: Transverse shear stresses of a cross-ply laminated spherical shell with
R/a = R/b = 20 and a/h = 10 for NKTP=32 & NORDR=2.
xz , at X=-15.57, Y=14.42,
yz at X=-0.4243, Y=0.4225.
Z 640 ;
Gauss Point No. 3 of
Element No. 113
Z 640 ;
Element No. 8
NISA
EXACT[l]
NISA
EXACT[l]
-90/0
-687 (z=3h/4)
-6.98 (z=3h/4)
-6.76 (z=h/4)
-6.98 (z=h/4)
-90/0/0/-90
-5.88 (z=h/2)
-5.94 (z=h/2)
-4.52 (z=h/2)
-4.68 (z=h/2)
Laminations
R/a = R/b = 20 and a/h = 10 for NKTP=32 & NORDR=3
xz , at X=-15.77, Y=15.77,
yz at X=-0.2270, Y=0.2253.
Z 640 ;
Z 640 ;

Element No. 113

Element No. 8
NISA
EXACT[l]
NISA
EXACT[l]
-90/0
-7.12 (z=3h/4)
-7.26 (z=3h/4)
-7.02 (z=h/4)
-7.16 (z=h/4)
-90/0/0/-90
-6.05 (z=h/2)
-6.11 (z=h/2)
-4.80 (z=h/2)
-4.97(z=h/2)
Laminations
R/a = R/b = 20 and a/h = 10 for NKTP=32 & NORDR=11
xz , at X=-14.66, Y=13.66,
xz at X=-2.666, Y=1.333.
Z 640 ; Element No. 49*
Z 640 ; Element No. 7*
NISA
EXACT[l]
NISA
EXACT[l]
-90/0
-6.36 (z=3h/4)
-6.61 (z=3h/4)
-6.11 (z=h/4)
-6.51 (z=h/4)
-90/0/0/-90
-5.45 (z=h/2)
-5.72 (z=h/2)
-3.98 (z=h/2)
-4.28(z=h/2)
Laminations
* Stresses are constant within the element.
2-135

Input Data for Verification Problem No 2.27A

ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
INTERLAMINAR SHEAR STRESSES FOR CROSS-PLY LAMINATED SPHERICAL SHELLS OF
RECTANGULAR PLANFORM (R/A=20; A/H=10; 0/90/90/0; SS3)
*ELTYPE
1, 32, 2
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01,
8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01,
2, 8,1, 0
1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15,
1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15,
*LAMANGLE
1,8
-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0
2,8
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
3,8
45.0,45.0,45.0,45.0,45.0,45.0,45.0,45.0
4,8
-45.0,-45.0,-45.0,-45.0,-45.0,-45.0,-45.0,-45.0
*LAMSQ2
**_DISP3_: 1,NAME =
1,4,5,1
1,1,1,1,1,2,2,1,1,1
1,1
*NODES
1,,,,-1.60000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 6.39800E+02, 0
2,,,,-1.50003E+01, 0.00000E+00, 6.39824E+02, 0
3,,,,-1.40006E+01, 0.00000E+00, 6.39847E+02, 0
4,,,,-1.30008E+01, 0.00000E+00, 6.39868E+02, 0
:
:
830,,,, 1.29974E+01, 3.20000E+01, 6.39868E+02, 0
831,,,, 1.39972E+01, 3.20000E+01, 6.39846E+02, 0
832,,,, 1.49969E+01, 3.20000E+01, 6.39824E+02, 0

833,,,, 1.59966E+01, 3.20000E+01, 6.39800E+02,

*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 2, 3, 35, 53, 52, 51, 34,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
3, 4, 5, 36, 55, 54, 53, 35,
:
:
254, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
777, 778, 779, 798, 829, 828, 827, 797,
255, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
779, 780, 781, 799, 831, 830, 829, 798,
256, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
781, 782, 783, 800, 833, 832, 831, 799,
*G2
1,,, 1.432394, -1.432394 , 0.0
33,1,,1.432394, 1.432394 , 0.0
34,,, 1.34287, -1.432394 , 0.0
50,1,, 1.34287, 1.432394 , 0.0
:
:
784,,, -1.342860, -1.432394 , 0.0
800,1,, -1.342860, 1.432394 , 0.0
801,,, -1.432384, -1.432394 , 0.0
833,1,, -1.432384, 1.432394 , 0.0
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 2.50000E+04,
EY , 1, 0, 1.00000E+03,
NUXY, 1, 0, 2.50000E-01,
GXY , 1, 0, 5.00000E+02,
GXZ , 1, 0, 5.00000E+02,
GYZ , 1, 0, 2.00000E+02,
*SETS
101,S, 1, 8, 113,
102,R, 1, 100, 5,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 3, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
833,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
833,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
833,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2-137

833,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
*PRESSURE
1,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
2,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
3,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
4,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
:
:
0
1
253,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
254,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
255,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
256,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*SFDCOMP
0.07,1,52
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,102
DISP,102
ELSE,101
ELST,101
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
Input Data for Verification Problem No 2.27B

ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
*ELTYPE
1, 32, 3
*RCTABLE
1, 12,1, 0
8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01,
8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01,
8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01,
*LAMANGLE
1,12

-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0
-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0
2,12
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*LAMSQ2
**_DISP3_: 1,NAME =
1,4,5,1
1,1,1,1,1,2,2,1,1,1
1,1
*NODES
1,,,,-1.60000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 6.39800E+02, 0
2,,,,-1.53335E+01, 0.00000E+00, 6.39816E+02, 0
3,,,,-1.46671E+01, 0.00000E+00, 6.39832E+02, 0
4,,,,-1.40006E+01, 0.00000E+00, 6.39847E+02, 0
:
:
1374,,,, 1.39971E+01, 3.20000E+01, 6.39846E+02, 0
1375,,,, 1.46636E+01, 3.20000E+01, 6.39832E+02, 0
1376,,,, 1.53301E+01, 3.20000E+01, 6.39816E+02, 0
1377,,,, 1.59966E+01, 3.20000E+01, 6.39800E+02, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 2, 3, 4, 51, 68, 87, 86, 85, 84,
67, 50,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
:
:
255, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1310, 1327, 1374, 1373, 1372, 1371,
1326, 1309,
256, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1311, 1328, 1377, 1376, 1375, 1374,
1327, 1310,
*G2
1,,, 1.432394, -1.432394 , 0.0
49,1,,1.432394, 1.432394 , 0.0
50,,, 1.3727110, -1.432394 , 0.0
66,1,, 1.3727110, 1.432394 , 0.0
:
:
980,,, -0.656515, -1.432394 , 0.0
996,1,, -0.656515, 1.432394 , 0.0
914,,, -0.596832, -1.432394 , 0.0
962,1,, -0.596832, 1.432394 , 0.0
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 2.50000E+04,
EY , 1, 0, 1.00000E+03,
2-139

NUXY, 1, 0, 2.50000E-01,
GXY , 1, 0, 5.00000E+02,
GXZ , 1, 0, 5.00000E+02,
GYZ , 1, 0, 2.00000E+02,
*SETS
101,S, 1, 8, 18, 113, 120,
102,R, 1, 100, 5,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 3, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
1377,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1377,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1377,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1377,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
1
1,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
2,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
3,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
4,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
:
:
253,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
254,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
255,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
256,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*SFDCOMP
0.08,3,1
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,102
DISP,102
ELSE,101
ELST,101
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA

Input Data for Verification Problem No 2.27C

ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
*ELTYPE
1, 32, 11
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01,
8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01, 8.0000001E-01,
2, 8,1, 0
1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15,
1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15, 1.0000000E-15,
*LAMANGLE
1,8
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
2,8
-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0
3,8
45.0,45.0,45.0,45.0,45.0,45.0,45.0,45.0
*LAMSQ2
**_DISP3_: 1,NAME =
1,4,5,1
1,1,1,1,2,1,1,2,1,1
1,1
*NODES
1,,,,-1.60000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 6.39800E+02, 0
2,,,,-1.40006E+01, 0.00000E+00, 6.39847E+02, 0
3,,,,-1.20010E+01, 0.00000E+00, 6.39887E+02, 0
4,,,,-1.00013E+01, 0.00000E+00, 6.39921E+02, 0
:
:
286,,,, 9.99786E+00, 3.20000E+01, 6.39922E+02, 0
287,,,, 1.19976E+01, 3.20000E+01, 6.39887E+02, 0
288,,,, 1.39971E+01, 3.20000E+01, 6.39846E+02, 0
289,,,, 1.59966E+01, 3.20000E+01, 6.39800E+02, 0
*ELEMENTS
2-141

1, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 2, 3, 19, 35, 18,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
3, 20, 37, 36, 35, 19,
:
:
126, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
253, 270, 287, 286, 285, 269,
127, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
253, 254, 255, 271, 287, 270,
128, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
255, 272, 289, 288, 287, 271,
*G2
1,,, 1.432394, -1.432394 , 0.0
17,1,,1.432394, 1.432394 , 0.0
18,,, 1.253346, -1.432394 , 0.0
34,1,, 1.253346, 1.432394 , 0.0
:
:
171,,, -0.358106, -1.432394 , 0.0
187,1,, -0.358106, 1.432394 , 0.0
154,,, -0.179040, -1.432394 , 0.0
170,1,, -0.179040, 1.432394 , 0.0
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 2.50000E+04,
EY , 1, 0, 1.00000E+03,
NUXY, 1, 0, 2.50000E-01,
GXY , 1, 0, 5.00000E+02,
GXZ , 1, 0, 5.00000E+02,
GYZ , 1, 0, 2.00000E+02,
*SETS
101,S, 1, 49, 7,
102,R, 1, 100, 5,
103,S, 1,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 3, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
289,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
289,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
289,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
289,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0

*PRESSURE
1,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
2,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
3,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
4,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
:
:
125,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
126,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
127,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
128,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*SFDCOMP
0.8,3,1
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,102
DISP,102
ELSE,101
ELST,101,103
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
2-143

Analysis of an Anti-symmetric Cross-ply Laminated Clamped Plate Subjected to A Uniform Distributed
Load
2.28 Analysis of an Anti-symmetric Cross-ply Laminated

Clamped Plate Subjected to A Uniform Distributed Load
Title:
Analysis of an anti-symmetric cross-ply laminated clamped plate subjected to a uniform distributed
load.
Element Type:
3-D three noded laminated composite shell element (NKTP=32, NORDR=10)
Problem:
Figure 2.48 shows a 00/900 laminated square clamped plate of total thickness h = 0.64 in and span a =
32 in, subjected to a uniform distributed load q = 10 psi. The numerical result of central transverse
displacement (UZ) is compared with that of Ref. [1].
Properties:
The following material properties are used for an orthotropic lamina:
Material:
EX
40.0 106 psi
EY
1.0 106 psi
GXY = GYZ =
GXZ
0.5 106 psi
NUXY
0.25

Due to symmetry, a quarter of the clamped plate is modeled using 64 elements as shown in Figure 2.48.
The following boundary conditions are applied:
At X = 0.0 in, UX = UY = UZ = ROTX = ROTY = 0.0
At Y = 0.0 in,UX=UY=UZ=ROTX=ROTY=0.0
At X = 16.0 in, UX = ROTY = 0.0
At Y = 16.0 in, UY = ROTX = 0.0
Rotations (ROTZ) about the normal to the plate are suppressed at all nodes to avoid spurious rotations.

Load
Table 2.32 shows the comparison of central transverse displacement with respect to the exact solution
as in Ref. [1]. The result of Ref. [1], based on the classical lamination theory, is in good agreement
with NISA.
Reference:
1.
J.M. Whitney, The Effect of Boundary Conditions on the Response of Laminated Composites,
Journal of Composite Materials, 4, 192-203, 1970.
Figure 2.48: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for an Anti-Symmetric Cross-Ply
Laminated Clamped Plate
2-145

Load
Table 2.32: Comparison of central transverse displacement of an anti-symmetric

cross-ply laminated clamped plate subjected to a uniform distributed load
Central Transverse
Displacement
UZ
Normalized , UZ*
UZ
NISA
Ref.[1]
Error (%)
0.112 in
0.114 in
1.95
2.805
2.861
1.95
10 UZ EY h
= ---------------------------------------4
qa
(2.6)

Load
Input Data for Verification Problem No 2.28

ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = Post
SAVE = 26,27
*ENDDATA
2-147

Analysis of a Simply Supported Three-layer Sandwich Plate Subjected to A Uniform Transverse Load
2.29 Analysis of a Simply Supported Three-layer Sandwich Plate

Subjected to A Uniform Transverse Load
Title:
Analysis of a simply supported three-layer sandwich plate subjected to a uniform transverse load.
Element Type:
3-D six noded triangular sandwich shell element (NKTP=33, NORDR=11)
Problem:
A simply supported square three-layer sandwich plate of side 10 inches and a total thickness of 0.806
inch is shown in Figure 2.49. The plate is subjected to a uniform transverse load of 100 psi. A
Cartesian coordinate system (X,Y,Z) is placed at the mid-depth of the plate thickness, with axis Z
perpendicular to the plate surface (X-Y plane).
The material properties of the face sheets and core are orthotorpic in X-Y plane. The central transverse
displacement is computed and compared with the available analytical and finite element solutions.
Properties:
The following are the material properties for face sheets and core:
Face sheets
EX
10.0 106 psi
(Young's modulus along X-direction)
EY
4.0 106 psi
(Young's modulus along Y-direction)
GXY
1.875 106 psi (Inplane shear modulus)
NUXY
0.30
(Inplane Poisson's ratio)
Core Material
GXZ
3.00 104 psi
(Shear modulus in X-Z plane)
GYZ
1.20 104 psi
(Shear modulus in Y-Z plane)

Due to symmetry in the plate geometry and boundary conditions, only one quarter of the plate is
modeled using 8 elements as shown in Figure 2.49. The following boundary conditions are imposed:
At X = 0.0 in, UY = UZ = ROTX = 0.0
At Y = 0.0 in, UX = UZ = ROTY = 0.0
At X = 5.0 in, UX = ROTY = 0.0
At Y = 5.0 in, UY = ROTX = 0.0
Rotations about the normal to the plate are suppressed at all nodes to avoid spurious rotations.

Figure 2.49: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh of a Three-layer Sandwich Square Plate

Table 2.33 shows a comparison of central transverse displacement obtained from NISA with the
analytical and finite element results [1]. They show a close agreement.
Reference:
1.
T.P. Khatua and Y.K. Chueng, Bending and Vibration of Multilayer Sandwich Beams and Plates,
Table 2.33: Comparison of results for the simply supported sandwich plate subjected to transverse loading
Source
Central Transverse
Displacement (UZ)
NISA
0.12504
Analytical solution [1]
0.123
Finite element solution [1]
0.1213
2-149

Input Data for Verification Problem No 2.29

ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
ANALYSIS OF A SIMPLY SUPPORTED THREE-LAYER SANDWITCH PLATE SUBJECTED
TO A UNIFORM DISTRIBUTED LOAD
*ELTYPE
1, 33, 11
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
2.8000001E-02, 2.8000001E-02, 2.8000001E-02, 2.8000001E-02,
2.8000001E-02, 2.8000001E-02, 2.8000001E-02, 2.8000001E-02,
2, 8,1, 0
7.5000000E-01, 7.5000000E-01, 7.5000000E-01, 7.5000000E-01,
7.5000000E-01, 7.5000000E-01, 7.5000000E-01, 7.5000000E-01,
*LAMANGLE
1,8
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
2,8
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
3,8
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*LAMSQ2
**_DISP3_: 1,NAME =
1,3,1,1
1,2,1,1,1,1,1,2,1
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 1.25000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 2.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 3.75000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
22,,,, 1.25000E+00, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
23,,,, 2.50000E+00, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
24,,,, 3.75000E+00, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
25,,,, 5.00000E+00, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0

1, 7, 13, 12, 11, 6,

2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 2, 3, 8, 13, 7,
:
:
7, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
13, 19, 25, 24, 23, 18,
8, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
13, 14, 15, 20, 25, 19,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 1.00000E+07,
EY , 1, 0, 4.00000E+06,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
GXY , 1, 0, 1.87500E+06,
GXZ , 1, 0, 0.00000E+00,
GYZ , 1, 0, 0.00000E+00,
EX , 2, 0, 0.00000E+00,
EY , 2, 0, 0.00000E+00,
NUXY, 2, 0, 2.50000E-01,
GXY , 2, 0, 0.00000E+00,
GXZ , 2, 0, 3.00000E+04,
GYZ , 2, 0, 1.20000E+04,
*SETS
101,S, 1, 35, 36,
102,R, 1, 100, 5,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 3, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
25,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
25,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
25,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
25,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
1
1,,,2,0, 0, 100.0, 0, 0
2,,,2,0, 0, 100.0, 0, 0
3,,,2,0, 0, 100.0, 0, 0
4,,,2,0, 0, 100.0, 0, 0
5,,,2,0, 0, 100.0, 0, 0
6,,,2,0, 0, 100.0, 0, 0
7,,,2,0, 0, 100.0, 0, 0
2-151

8,,,2,0, 0, 100.0, 0, 0
*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*SFDCOMP
0.08,3,1
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,102
DISP,102
ELSE,101
ELST,101
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA

Static Analysis of a Symmetric Cross-ply Laminated Simply Supported Plate Subjected to a Uniform
Transverse Pressure Load
2.30 Static Analysis of a Symmetric Cross-ply Laminated

Simply Supported Plate Subjected to a Uniform
Title:
Static analysis of a symmetric cross-ply laminated simply supported plate subjected to a uniform
transverse pressure load.
Element Type:
3-D twenty noded solid composite element (NKTP = 7, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
A symmetric cross-ply laminated simply supported square plate of dimension, a = b=10 in., subjected
to a uniform transverse pressure load is considered Figure 2.50. The lamination sequences and
thickness of plies considered are shown in Figure 2.50. Numerical results, obtained for moderatelythick and thin plates, are compared with an exact solution based on ReissnerMindlin plate theory.
Properties:
In the material directions, the elastic properties are
Material:
EX
40.0 106 psi
EY
1.0 106 psi
GXY = GXZ =
0.6 106 psi
GYZ
0.5 106 psi
NUXY
0.25
NUXZ
0.25
NUYZ
0.25

Due to symmetries in lamination sequences, geometry, and boundary conditions, a quarter of the plate
is modeled Figure 2.50 with 4 4 2 elements, where five layers are included in top 16 elements, and
four layers are added to the rest of the elements. The following boundary conditions are applied at:
2-153

The numerical results are obtained for span-to-depth ratios 10 and 100 to represent moderately-thick
X = 0.0 in
UX = UZ = ROTX = 0.0
Y = 0.0 in
UY = UZ = ROTY = 0.0
X = 5.0 in
UX = ROTY = 0.0
Y = 5.0 in
UY = ROTX = 0.0
and thin situations. A uniform transverse pressure load of 10 psi is applied.

A typical cross-section through the plate thickness.
Figure 2.50: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for a Quarter of a Cross-ply Laminated Simply
Supported Plate

Table 2.34 shows a comparison of central transverse displacement with respect to the exact solution
[1]. The NISA result shows a better performance in moderately-thick range, while the result at thin
situation agrees reasonably well with reference [1].

Reference:
1.
A.K. Noor and M.D. Mathers, Shear Flexible Finite Element Models of Laminated Plates and
Shells, NASA TN D-8044, 1975.
Table 2.34: Comparison of central transverse displacements for a symmetric

cross-ply laminated simply supported plate subjected to a uniform
transverse pressure load with span-to-depth ratios 10 and 100
Span-to-depth Ratio
Central Transverse Displacement (UZ)

NISA
Ref. [l]
10
0.0006927
0.0005848
100
0.4466
0.4486
2-155


ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
STATIC ANALYSIS OF A SYMMETRIC CROSS-PLY LAMINATED SIMPLY SUPPORTED PLATE
SUBJECTED TO A UNIFORM TRANSVERSE PRESSURE LOAD.
*ELTYPE
1, 7, 2
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
1.0000000E-01, 1.0000000E-01, 1.0000000E-01, 1.0000000E-01,
1.0000000E-01, 1.0000000E-01, 1.0000000E-01, 1.0000000E-01,
2, 8,1, 0
1.2500000E-01, 1.2500000E-01, 1.2500000E-01, 1.2500000E-01,
1.2500000E-01, 1.2500000E-01, 1.2500000E-01, 1.2500000E-01,
*LAMANGLE
1,8
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
2,8
90.0,90.0,90.0,90.0,90.0,90.0,90.0,90.0
*LAMSQ2
**_DISP3_: 1,NAME =
1,4,8,1
2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,1,1
1,1
**_DISP3_: 2,NAME =
2,5,8,1
1,2,1,2,1,1,2,1,2,1
1,1,1,1,1
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 6.25000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 1.25000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 1.87500E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
478,,,, 3.12500E+00, 5.00000E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0
479,,,, 3.75000E+00, 5.00000E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0
480,,,, 4.37500E+00, 5.00000E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0
481,,,, 5.00000E+00, 5.00000E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0

1, 2, 3, 12, 21, 20, 19,
121, 119, 201, 202, 203, 212,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0
:
:
379, 377, 459, 460, 461, 470,
32, 2, 1, 1, 0
261, 262, 263, 272, 281, 280,
381, 379, 461, 462, 463, 472,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 4.00000E+07,
EY , 1, 0, 1.00000E+06,
EZ , 1, 0, 1.00000E+06,
NUXY, 1, 0, 2.50000E-01,
NUXZ, 1, 0, 2.50000E-01,
NUYZ, 1, 0, 2.50000E-01,
GXY , 1, 0, 6.00000E+05,
GXZ , 1, 0, 6.00000E+05,
GYZ , 1, 0, 5.00000E+05,
FXC , 1, 0, 1.00000E+05,
FXT , 1, 0, 1.54000E+05,
FYC , 1, 0, 1.50000E+04,
FYT , 1, 0, 1.00000E+04,
FS , 1, 0, 2.00000E+04,
*SETS
1001,R, 1, 4, 1,
1002,R, 1, 481, 1,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
446,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
455,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
464,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
473,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
1
17,,,2,0, 0, 10.0, 0, 0
18,,,2,0, 0, 10.0, 0, 0
19,,,2,0, 0, 10.0, 0, 0
20,,,2,0, 0, 10.0, 0, 0
:
:
10, 101, 103,

221, 220, 219, 210,
479, 478, 477, 468,

279, 270, 361, 363,
481, 480, 479, 470,
2-157

29,,,2,0, 0,
30,,,2,0, 0,
31,,,2,0, 0,
32,,,2,0, 0,
*SFDCOMP
0.0,0,0
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,1002
DISP,1002
ELFO,1001
ELSE,1001
ELST,1001
SLFO,0
*POSTCNTL
NDSTRS,0
NDSTRN,0
GPSTRS,0
*ENDDATA
10.0,
10.0,
10.0,
10.0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
0
0
0
3
Buckling Analysis Verification
Problems
3.1
Buckling of a Uniaxially Compressed Clamped Square Plate
Title:
Buckling of a uniaxially compressed clamped square plate
Element Type:
3-D thin shell element (NKTP = 40, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A square plate of dimensions shown in Figure 3.1 is clamped along all four edges and compressed by a
uniformly distributed force of 1.0 lb acting along two opposite edges. The buckling load factor is to be
determined.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 11.064 106 psi
NUXY
= 0.3
(Poisson's ratio)

Due to symmetry only one quarter of the plate is modeled with a 4 4 mesh using 3-D thin shell
elements (NKTP = 40, NORDR = 1). Symmetric boundary conditions are applied along the centurions
(Figure 3.2). The plate is prevented from moving in the z-direction or rotating at the boundaries. The
edges of the plate are, however, free to move in the xy-plane. The rotation about normal to the plate is
suppressed at all the nodes (refer to Figure 3.2 for details of the boundary conditions).
3-1
Buckling Analysis Verification Problems

Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration technique is used for the eigenvalue extraction.

The buckling load factor for the first buckling mode obtained from NISA is 101.2, which is in good
comparison with the theoretical value of 100.7 (Ref. [1]).
Reference:
1.
A. Chajes, Principles of Structural Stability Theory, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey, 1974.
Figure 3.1: Square Plate under Uniaxial Compression
Figure 3.2: Quarter Plate Model and Boundary Conditions
3-2

Input Data for Verification Problem No.3.1

ANALYSIS = BUCK
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
SAVE = 26,27
EIGEN EXTRACTION = SUBSPACE,CONVENTIONAL
*TITLE
BUCKLING OF A CLAMPED PLATE: 4X4 MESH
*ELTYPE
1, 40, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 4,1, 0
9.9999998E-03, 9.9999998E-03, 9.9999998E-03, 9.9999998E-03,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 1.25000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 2.50000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 3.75000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
22,,,, 1.25000E-01, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0
23,,,, 2.50000E-01, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0
24,,,, 3.75000E-01, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0
25,,,, 5.00000E-01, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 2, 7, 6,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
2, 3, 8, 7,
:
:
15, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
18, 19, 24, 23,
16, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
19, 20, 25, 24,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 1.10640E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 2.58799E-04,
3-3

*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*EIGCNTL
2,0,80,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
25,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
25,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
25,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
25,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
1
5,FX,-6.25000E-02,,, 0, 0
10,FX,-1.25000E-01,,, 0, 0
15,FX,-1.25000E-01,,, 0, 0
20,FX,-1.25000E-01,,, 0, 0
25,FX,-6.25000E-02,,, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
3-4

Buckling of a Beam-Spring Structure
3.2
Title:
Buckling of a beam-spring structure
Element Type:
2-D translational spring (NKTP = 18, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A beam of constant cross section, of length 10 inches, is subjected to an axial thrust at its upper end.
The base of the beam is fixed for both rotation and translation. At the upper end, the member is free to
rotate, but is constrained against translation by a spring of stiffness 18 lb/in as shown in Figure 3.3.
The buckling load factor is to be determined.
Properties:
Material:
EX
100.0 psi
Cross-Section:
A
1.0 in2
IZZ
10.0 in4
(Moment of inertia)

The structure is modeled with five beam elements (NKTP = 13, NORDR = 1) and one spring element
(NKTP = 18, NORDR = 1). All the three degrees-of-freedom (UX, UY, ROTZ) of the node at the base
of the beam is constrained. The spring is attached to the upper end of the beam and is constrained at the
other end.
3-5

Solution Procedure:
Inverse iteration technique is used to extract the eigenvalues within the range of 0.0 and 5000.0.

The buckling load factor for the first buckling mode obtained from NISA is 143.9 which is in good
Reference:
1.
R.L. Ketter, G.C. Lee and S.P. Prawel, Structural Analysis And Design, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
New York, 1970.
Figure 3.3: Beam-Spring Structure and its Finite Element Mesh
3-6


ANALYSIS = BUCK
MEMORY = 10000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
BUCKLING OF A FIXED-SPRING SUPPORTED COLUMN
*ELTYPE
1, 13, 1
2, 18, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 2,1, 0
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+01,
2, 1,1, 0
1.8000000E+01,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 2.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 4.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 6.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
5,,,, 8.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
6,,,, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
7,,,, 1.00000E+01, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0
2, 3,
3, 1, 1, 1, 0
3, 4,
4, 1, 1, 1, 0
4, 5,
5, 1, 1, 1, 0
5, 6,
6, 1, 2, 2, 0
6, 7,
*MATERIAL
3-7

EX , 1, 0, 1.00000E+02,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*EIGCNTL
3,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
1
6,FX,-1.00000E+00,,, 0, 0
*ENDDATA
3-8

Buckling of a Cantilever Beam under Compressive Load
3.3
Title:
Buckling of a cantilever beam under compressive load
Element Type:
3-D solid element (NKTP = 4, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
A cantilever beam of dimensions shown in Figure 3.4 is subjected to a compressive end force of 1 lb
The critical load is to be determined.
Properties:
Material:
EX
7.781467 105 psi (Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
0.3
(Poisson's ratio)

The beam is modeled with twenty, 3-D solid elements with 20 nodes per element (NKTP = 4, NORDR
= 2). All nodal degrees-of-freedom at the fixed end are constrained. The compressive end force is
obtained by applying a pressure of 400.0 psi at the free end.
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration technique is used for the eigenvalue extraction.

The buckling load factor for the first buckling mode obtained from NISA is 1.005 which is in good
3-9

Reference:
1.
A. Chajes, Principles of Structural Stabilig Theory, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey, 1974.
Figure 3.4: Cantilever Beam under Compression Load
3-10


ANALYSIS = BUCK
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = BUCK3
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
BUCKLING OF A CANTILEVER BEAM
*ELTYPE
1, 4, 2
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 2.50000E-02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 5.00000E-02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 7.50000E-02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
1120,,,, 9.25000E-01, 5.00000E-02, 5.00000E-02, 0
1121,,,, 9.50000E-01, 5.00000E-02, 5.00000E-02, 0
1122,,,, 9.75000E-01, 5.00000E-02, 5.00000E-02, 0
1123,,,, 1.00000E+00, 5.00000E-02, 5.00000E-02, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2, 3, 44, 85, 84, 83, 42, 501, 503,
585, 583, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1044, 1085, 1084, 1083, 1042,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0
:
:
621, 619, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1080, 1121, 1120, 1119, 1078,
20, 1, 1, 1, 0
39, 40, 41, 82, 123, 122, 121, 80, 539, 541,
623, 621, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1082, 1123, 1122, 1121, 1080,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 7.78147E+05,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 2.58799E-04,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*EIGCNTL
3-11

5,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
42,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
1042,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1083,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1083,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1083,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
1
20,,,4,0, 0, 400.0, 0, 0
*ENDDATA
3-12

Buckling Analysis of a Simply Supported Tapered Beam
3.4
Title:
Buckling analysis of a simply supported tapered beam
Element Type:
3-D tapered beam element (NKTP = 11, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A linearly tapered I beam, of length 144 inch, is subjected to axial thrust along its centrodial axis. Both
ends are simply supported and the deflection in the weak direction (y direction in Figure 3.5) is
constrained. The buckling load factor is to be determined for the beam.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 3.0 107 psi

NUXY = 0.3
Geometric:
(Poissons ratio)
= 2tb + ( d x 2t )w
(Cross-sectional area, see Table 3.1)
IZZ
w3 bt
2
( d 2t ) + ----- ( d x t )
= ----12 x
2
(Area moment of inertia about beam Z-axis, see Table 3.1)
b
t
W
= 4.0 in
= 0.25 in
= 0.1 in
(width of the flange)

(thickness of the flange)
(thickness of the web)
do
= 6.0 in
(height of the smallest cross-section)
dx
3x-
= d o 1 + ----L
(height of the cross-section at a distance x)
3-13


The beam is modeled by ten 3-D tapered beam elements (NKTP=11, NORDR=l). All displacements in
Y direction and rotations about Z axis are constrained. Displacements in Z and rotations about X axis
are constrained at both ends, and no axial displacement is allowed at the left end. A concentrated axial
force is applied at the centroid of the right end of the beam.
Solution Procedure:
Subspace iteration technique is used to extract the lowest eigenvalue for the first buckling mode.
Figure 3.5: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for Buckling of a Simply Supported
Tapered Beam
3-14


The buckling load factor for the first buckling mode obtained from NISA is 1366538.0 which is very
close to the theoretical value 1368723.8 (Ref. [1]).
Reference:
1.
R.L. Ketter, G.C. Lee and S.P. Prawel, Structural Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
New York, 1970.
Table 3.1: Cross-Section Properties for Tapered beam

--xL
dx
IYY
6.0
2.55
17.918
0.1
7.8
2.73
31.743
0.2
9.6
2.91
49.991
0.3
11.4
3.09
72.953
0.4
13.2
3.27
100.920
0.5
15.0
3.45
134.186
0.6
16.8
3.63
173.040
0.7
18.6
3.81
217.775
0.8
20.4
3.99
268.680
0.9
22.2
4.17
326.054
1.0
24
4.35
390.180
where,
x
: location of the cross-section in x axis
: length of the beam
: cross-section area at distance x
IYY
: moment of inertia at distance x
3-15


ANALYSIS = BUCK
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
BUCKLING ANALYSIS OF A SIMPLY SUPPORTED TAPER BEAM
*ELTYPE
1, 11, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 24,1, 0
2.0000000E+00, 2.5500000E+00, 1.7917700E+01, 1.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 2.7300000E+00, 3.1743000E+01, 1.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
2, 24,1, 0
2.0000000E+00, 2.7300000E+00, 3.1743000E+01, 1.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 2.9100001E+00, 4.9991001E+01, 1.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
3, 24,1, 0
2.0000000E+00, 2.9100001E+00, 4.9991001E+01, 1.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 3.0899999E+00, 7.2953003E+01, 1.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
4, 24,1, 0
2.0000000E+00, 3.0899999E+00, 7.2953003E+01, 1.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
3-16

1.0000000E+00, 3.2700000E+00, 1.0092000E+02, 1.0000000E+00,

0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
5, 24,1, 0
2.0000000E+00, 3.2700000E+00, 1.0092000E+02, 1.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 3.4500000E+00, 1.3418600E+02, 1.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
6, 24,1, 0
2.0000000E+00, 3.4500000E+00, 1.3418600E+02, 1.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 3.6300001E+00, 1.7303999E+02, 1.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
7, 24,1, 0
2.0000000E+00, 3.6300001E+00, 1.7303999E+02, 1.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 3.8099999E+00, 2.1777499E+02, 1.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
8, 24,1, 0
2.0000000E+00, 3.8099999E+00, 2.1777499E+02, 1.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 3.9900000E+00, 2.6867999E+02, 1.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
9, 24,1, 0
2.0000000E+00, 3.9900000E+00, 2.6867999E+02, 1.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 4.1700001E+00, 3.2605399E+02, 1.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
3-17

0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,

1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
10, 24,1, 0
2.0000000E+00, 4.1700001E+00, 3.2605399E+02, 1.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 4.3499999E+00, 3.9017999E+02, 1.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 1.44000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 2.88000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 4.32000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
5,,,, 5.76000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
6,,,, 7.20000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
7,,,, 8.64000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
8,,,, 1.00800E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
9,,,, 1.15200E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
10,,,, 1.29600E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
11,,,, 1.44000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
100,,,, 0.00000E+00, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2,000000,000000, 100
2, 1, 1, 2, 0
2, 3,000000,000000, 100
:
:
9, 1, 1, 9, 0
9, 10,000000,000000, 100
10, 1, 1, 10, 0
10, 11,000000,000000, 100
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*EIGCNTL
2,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
3-18


1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
11,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
11,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
11,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
11,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
1
11,FX,-1.00000E+00,,, 0, 0
*ENDDATA
3-19

Buckling of a Fixed-Free Column under Self Weight and Applied Load
3.5
Buckling of a Fixed-Free Column under Self Weight and

Applied Load
Title:
Buckling of a fixed-free column under self weight and applied load
Element Type:
3-D General Beam Element (NKTP = 39, NORDR = 1)
Buckling analysis of a stiffened structure.
Problem:
A fixed-free column of square cross section (1 1in) and of length 50 in shown in Figure 3.6 is
subjected to a concentrated force P at the free end in addition to its self weight W. The critical value of
P that will cause buckling of the column is to be determined.
Properties:
Material:
EX
75.0 106 lb/in2
NLTXY
0.0
DENS
0.125lb-sec2/in4
386.4 in/sec2

The cantilever beam is modeled with ten 3-D General Beam Elements and all degrees of freedom are
constrained at the clamped end.
3-20

Solution Procedure:
First a linear static (STATIC) analysis is performed for a unit concentrated load at the free end of the
column. Files 26 and 27 are saved from this run. Next a nonlinear static (NLSTATIC) analysis is
performed considering geometric nonlinearity only, with 5 load increments for the self weight of the
structure using *BODYFORCE data. Total Lagrangian formulation and full Newton-Raphson iteration
procedure are used in the analysis. File 24 containing the element stiffness matrices under stiffening
from the self weight is saved from this run. Finally, a buckling analysis (BUCKLING) RESTART=4 is
done to obtain two eigenvalues using conventional subspace iteration. Files saved from the first two
runs are accessed in the restart by providing the same file name prefix. Gauss point stresses needed for
the buckling analysis were not saved in the static analysis. However, the program automatically
computes them in the buckling restart run. The buckling load factors obtained from this run are those
to be applied to the concentrated force with the self weight held constant.

The results from NISA are compared to those obtained from Ref. [1]. Using the above data we obtain a
value of n = 0.9994. From Table 2.7 in Ref. [1], we get m = 1.72 for n = 1.0. Thus, the critical load can
be computed to be 4300 lbs, which is close to the value of 4293.4 obtained from NISA.
Reference:
1.
S.P. Timoshenko and J.M. Gere, Theory of Elastic Stability, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book
Co., New York, 1961.
3-21

Figure 3.6: Fixed Free Column Under Self Weight and Applied Load
3-22

Nonlinear Static Input Data for Verification Problem No. 3.5

ANALYSIS = NLSTAT
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = BU05
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 24,26,27
NLTYPE = GEOMETRY
*TITLE
A FIXED-FREE COLUMN UNDER SELF WEIGHT - NONLINEAR STATIC RUN
*ELTYPE
1, 39, 1
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 0.00000E+00, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 0.00000E+00, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 0.00000E+00, 1.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
5,,,, 0.00000E+00, 2.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
6,,,, 0.00000E+00, 2.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
7,,,, 0.00000E+00, 3.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
8,,,, 0.00000E+00, 3.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
9,,,, 0.00000E+00, 4.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
10,,,, 0.00000E+00, 4.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
11,,,, 0.00000E+00, 5.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
12,,,, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0
2, 3,
3, 1, 1, 1, 0
3, 4,
4, 1, 1, 1, 0
4, 5,
5, 1, 1, 1, 0
5, 6,
6, 1, 1, 1, 0
6, 7,
7, 1, 1, 1, 0
7, 8,
8, 1, 1, 1, 0
3-23

8, 9,
9, 1, 1, 1, 0
9, 10,
10, 1, 1, 1, 0
10, 11,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 7.50000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 0.00000E+00,
DENS, 1, 0, 1.25000E-01,
*BMDATA
1,12,0,0,0,0,0
1,0.0
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*BMSECT
RECT,1,1,0,0,0
0.0,0.0
*EVENT, ID = 1
INCREMENTS = EQUAL, 5
TIMEATEND = 1.0
MAXITERATIONS = 100
TOLERANCES = 0.01,0.01,0.01
*SPDISP, TCRV = 0
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*BODYFORCE, TCRV = 0,0,0
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,-986.4,0.0
*ENDDATA
Static Input Data for Verification Problem No. 3.5

ANALYSIS = STATIC
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = BU05
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
3-24

A FIXED-FREE COLUMN UNDER APPLIED AXIAL LOAD - STATIC RUN

*ELTYPE
1, 39, 1
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 0.00000E+00, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 0.00000E+00, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 0.00000E+00, 1.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
5,,,, 0.00000E+00, 2.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
6,,,, 0.00000E+00, 2.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
7,,,, 0.00000E+00, 3.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
8,,,, 0.00000E+00, 3.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
9,,,, 0.00000E+00, 4.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
10,,,, 0.00000E+00, 4.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
11,,,, 0.00000E+00, 5.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
12,,,, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0
2, 3,
3, 1, 1, 1, 0
3, 4,
4, 1, 1, 1, 0
4, 5,
5, 1, 1, 1, 0
5, 6,
6, 1, 1, 1, 0
6, 7,
7, 1, 1, 1, 0
7, 8,
8, 1, 1, 1, 0
8, 9,
9, 1, 1, 1, 0
9, 10,
10, 1, 1, 1, 0
10, 11,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 7.50000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 0.00000E+00,
DENS, 1, 0, 1.25000E-01,
*BMDATA
3-25

1,12,0,0,0,0,0
1,0.0
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*BMSECT
RECT,1,1,0,0,0
0.0,0.0
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
1
11,FY,-1.00000E+00,,, 0, 0
*ENDDATA
Buckling Input Data for Verification Problem No. 3.5

PROB=BU05R4.nis
ANALYSIS=BUCKLING
EIGEN=SUBSPACE,CONV
RESTART=4
AUTO_CONSTRAINT=OFF
FILE=BU05
*TITLE
BUCKLING OF A FIXED-FREE COLUMN UNDER SELF WEIGHT AND AXIAL LOAD RESTART 4
*LDCASE,ID=1
0
*EIGCNTL
2,0
*ENDDATA
3-26
4
Eigenvalue Analysis Verification
Problems
4.1
Natural frequencies of a simply supported beam
Title:
Element Type:
Problem:
The natural frequencies of a simply supported beam, with dimensions as shown in Figure 4.1, are to be
computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
3.0 107 psi
NUXY
0.3
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
7.28 10-4 lb-sec2/in4
(Mass density)
Beam cross-section:
A
4 in2
IZZ
1.3333 in4
(Moment of inertia about Z-axis)
4-1
Eigenvalue Analysis Verification Problems


The beam is modeled using four 2-D beam elements (NKTP = 13, NORDR = 1). Translations UX and
UY are constrained at both ends of the beam.
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration and consistent mass matrix formulation are used for eigenvalue
extraction.

The first three natural frequencies of the simply supported beam obtained from NISA are compared to
the theoretical Ref. [1] values in Table 4.1.
Reference:
1.
R.W. Clough and J. Penzien, Dynamics of Structures, McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc., New York,
1975.
Figure 4.1: FE Model for Simply Supported Beam
4-2

Table 4.1: Natural frequencies of a simply supported beam (Hz)

Mode
Theoretical (Ref.[1])
NISA
28.766
28.766
115.063
115.398
258.891
263.012
4-3


ANALYSIS = EIGEN
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = EV01
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF A SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM
*ELTYPE
1, 13, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 2,1, 0
4.0000000E+00, 1.3333330E+00,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 2.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 4.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 6.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
5,,,, 8.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0
2, 3,
3, 1, 1, 1, 0
3, 4,
4, 1, 1, 1, 0
4, 5,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 7.28000E-04,
*EIGCNTL
3,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4-4

5,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
5,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
0
0
4-5

Fundamental frequency of a cantilever beam
4.2
Title:
Element Type:
2-D plane stress element (NKTP = 1, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
The fundamental frequency of a cantilever beam, with dimensions as shown in Figure 4.2, is to be
computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 1.0 106 psi
NUXY
= 0.3
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
= 9.989 10-4 lb-sec2/in4
(Mass Density)

The beam is modeled using three 2-D plane stress elements (NKTP = 1, NORDR = 2). Translations
UX and UY are constrained at the fixed end of the beam.
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration and consistent mass matrix formulation are used for the eigenvalue
extraction.

The fundamental frequency of the cantilever beam obtained from NISA is 51.6675 Hz which is in
good comparison with the theoretical value of 51.1059 Hz (Ref. [1]).
4-6

Reference:
1.
1975.
Figure 4.2: Finite Element Model for Cantilever Beam
4-7


ANALYSIS = EIGEN
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = EV02
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY OF A CANTILEVER BEAM
*ELTYPE
1, 1, 2
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
4.0000001E-01, 4.0000001E-01, 4.0000001E-01, 4.0000001E-01,
4.0000001E-01, 4.0000001E-01, 4.0000001E-01, 4.0000001E-01,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 1.66667E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 3.33333E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
5,,,, 6.66667E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
6,,,, 8.33333E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
7,,,, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
8,,,, 0.00000E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0
9,,,, 1.66667E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0
10,,,, 3.33333E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0
11,,,, 5.00000E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0
12,,,, 6.66667E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0
13,,,, 8.33333E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0
14,,,, 1.00000E+01, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0
15,,,, 0.00000E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
16,,,, 1.66667E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
17,,,, 3.33333E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
18,,,, 5.00000E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
19,,,, 6.66667E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
20,,,, 8.33333E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
21,,,, 1.00000E+01, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2, 3, 10, 17, 16, 15, 8,
4-8

2, 1, 1, 1, 0
3, 4, 5, 12, 19, 18, 17,
3, 1, 1, 1, 0
5, 6, 7, 14, 21, 20, 19,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 1.00000E+06,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 9.98900E-04,
*EIGCNTL
1,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
8,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
8,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
15,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
15,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
10,
12,
4-9

Fundamental frequency of a clamped circular plate
4.3
Title:
Element Type:
Problem:
The fundamental frequency of a clamped circular plate, of 16in radius and 1in thickness, is to be
computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 10 106 psi
NUXY
= 0.3
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
= 0.001 lb-sec2/in4
(Mass density)

A cross-section of the plate is modeled using six 2-D axisymmetric solid elements (NKTP = 3,
NORDR = 2) as shown in Figure 4.3. The nodes on the outer edge are constrained in X and Y
directions.
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration and lumped mass matrix formulation are used to extract the
fundamental frequency of the system.

The fundamental frequency of the system obtained from NISA is 192.258 Hz which is in good
comparison with the theoretical value of 192.09 Hz (Ref. [1]).
Reference:
1.
S. Timoshenko, D.H. Young and W. Weaver, Jr., Vibration Problems in Engineering, 4th Edition,
John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1974.
4-10

Figure 4.3: Clamped Circular Plate
4-11


ANALYSIS = EIGEN
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = EV03
SAVE = 26,27
MASS FORMULATION = LUMPED
*TITLE
FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY OF A CLAMPED CIRCULAR PLATE
*ELTYPE
1, 3, 2
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 1.33333E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 2.66667E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 4.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
36,,,, 1.20000E+01, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
37,,,, 1.33333E+01, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
38,,,, 1.46667E+01, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
39,,,, 1.60000E+01, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 0, 0
1, 2, 3, 16, 29, 28, 27, 14,
2, 1, 1, 0, 0
3, 4, 5, 18, 31, 30, 29, 16,
3, 1, 1, 0, 0
5, 6, 7, 20, 33, 32, 31, 18,
4, 1, 1, 0, 0
7, 8, 9, 22, 35, 34, 33, 20,
5, 1, 1, 0, 0
9, 10, 11, 24, 37, 36, 35, 22,
6, 1, 1, 0, 0
11, 12, 13, 26, 39, 38, 37, 24,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 1.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 1.00000E-03,
*EIGCNTL
4-12

1,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
1
13,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
13,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
26,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
26,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
39,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
39,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-13

Natural frequencies of a cantilever beam
4.4
Title:
Element Type:
Problem:
The natural frequencies of a cantilever beam, with dimensions as shown in Figure 4.4, are to be
computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 30.0 106 psi
NUXY
= 0.3
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
= 7.28 10-4 lb-sec2/in4
(Mass density)
Beam cross-section:
A
= 4 in2
IYY
= 1.3333 in4
(Moment of inertia about Y-axis)
IZZ
= 1.3333 in4

The structure is modeled using ten 3-D beam elements (NKTP = 12, NORDR = 1). The problem is
reduced to a 2-D problem, to eliminate twin frequencies, by constraining the out-of-plane translation
(UZ) and the rotations about X and Y axis (ROTX and ROTY). All the six degrees of freedom are
constrained for the node on the cantilever end.
4-14

Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration and consistent mass matrix formulation are used to extract the first
three eigenvalues of the system.

The first three natural frequencies of the cantilever beam calculated by NISA are compared to the
theoretical (Ref. [1]) values in Table 4.2, and they show very good agreement.
Reference:
1.
1975.
Figure 4.4: Cantilever Beam
Table 4.2: Natural frequencies of a cantilever beam (Hz)

Mode
NISA
10.246
10.246
64.218
64.168
179.830
179.503
4-15


ANALYSIS = EIGEN
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = EV04
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
EIGENVALUES OF A CANTILEVER BEAM
*ELTYPE
1, 12, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
4.0000000E+00, 1.3333000E+00, 1.3333000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 8.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 1.60000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 2.40000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
5,,,, 3.20000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
6,,,, 4.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
7,,,, 4.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
8,,,, 5.60000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
9,,,, 6.40000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
10,,,, 7.20000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
11,,,, 8.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2,000000,000000, 0,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0
2, 3,000000,000000, 0,
3, 1, 1, 1, 0
3, 4,000000,000000, 0,
4, 1, 1, 1, 0
4, 5,000000,000000, 0,
5, 1, 1, 1, 0
5, 6,000000,000000, 0,
6, 1, 1, 1, 0
4-16

6, 7,000000,000000, 0,
7, 1, 1, 1, 0
7, 8,000000,000000, 0,
8, 1, 1, 1, 0
8, 9,000000,000000, 0,
9, 1, 1, 1, 0
9, 10,000000,000000, 0,
10, 1, 1, 1, 0
10, 11,000000,000000, 0,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 7.28000E-04,
*EIGCNTL
3,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
6,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
6,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
6,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
8,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4-17

8,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
8,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
9,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
9,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
9,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
10,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
10,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
10,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
11,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
11,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
11,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-18

Natural frequencies of a simply supported square plate
4.5
Title:
Element Type:
Problem:
The first five natural frequencies of a simply supported square plate, with dimensions as shown in
Figure 4.5, are to be computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
10.5 106 psi
NUXY
0.3333
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
2.588 10-4 lb-sec2/in4 (Mass density)
1.0 in
Geometry:
t
(thickness)

The plate is modeled using sixteen 3-D general shell elements (NKTP = 20, NORDR = 2). The nodes
on the periphery of the plate are constrained in the normal (UZ) direction. In-plane translations (UX
and UY) for all the nodes are constrained to obtain only the bending modes.
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration and lumped mass matrix formulation are used to extract the
eigenvalues.

The first five natural frequencies of the simply supported plate obtained from NISA are compared to
the theoretical (Ref. [1]) values in Table 4.3. The mode shape plots are shown in Figure 4.6 and Figure
4.7
4-19

Reference:
1.
Figure 4.5: Finite Element Mesh for a Simply Supported Square Plate
4-20

Figure 4.6: Mode No.1: Frequency = 83.979 Hz
Table 4.3: Natural frequencies of a simply supported plate (Hz)

Mode
NISA
84.095
83.979
210.240
210.451
210.240
210.451
336.380
358.286
420.471
422.376
4-21

Figure 4.7: Mode Shapes and Natural Frequencies
4-22


ANALYSIS = EIGEN
MEMORY = 1000000
IDNUM = REGULAR
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF A SIMPLY SUPPORTED SQUARE PLATE
*ELTYPE
1, 20, 2
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 6.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 1.20000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 1.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
78,,,, 3.00000E+01, 4.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
79,,,, 3.60000E+01, 4.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
80,,,, 4.20000E+01, 4.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
81,,,, 4.80000E+01, 4.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 2, 3, 12, 21, 20, 19, 10,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
3, 4, 5, 14, 23, 22, 21, 12,
:
:
15, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
59, 60, 61, 70, 79, 78, 77, 68,
16, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
61, 62, 63, 72, 81, 80, 79, 70,
*MATERIAL
4-23

EX , 1, 0, 1.05000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.33330E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 2.58799E-04,
*EIGCNTL
5,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
81,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-24

Fundamental frequency of a cantilever triangular plate
4.6
Title:
Element Type:
Problem:
The fundamental frequency of a cantilever triangular plate, with dimensions as shown in Figure 4.8, is
to be computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 30 106 psi
NUXY
= 0.3
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
= 7.28 10-4 lb-sec2/in4 (Mass density)

The plate is modeled using three 3-D general shell elements (NKTP = 20, NORDR = 2). All the six
degrees of freedom of the nodes along X = 0 are constrained.
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration and lumped mass matrix formulation are used for the eigenvalue
extraction.

The fundamental frequency of the plate obtained from NISA is 254.45 Hz which is in good agreement
to the theoretical value of 259.16 (Ref. [1]).
Reference:
1.
S. Timoshenko, D.H. Young and W. Weaver, Jr., Vibration Problems in Engineering, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1974.
4-25

Figure 4.8: Cantilever Triangular Plate
4-26


ANALYSIS = EIGEN
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = EV06
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY OF A TRIANGULAR PLATE
*ELTYPE
1, 20, 2
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 0.00000E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 0.00000E+00, 2.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 0.00000E+00, 3.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
5,,,, 0.00000E+00, 4.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
6,,,, 4.00000E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0
8,,,, 3.50000E+00, 2.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
10,,,, 4.00000E+00, 3.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
11,,,, 8.00000E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
12,,,, 7.50000E+00, 1.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
13,,,, 7.00000E+00, 2.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
14,,,, 7.50000E+00, 2.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
15,,,, 8.00000E+00, 3.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
16,,,, 1.20000E+01, 1.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
20,,,, 1.20000E+01, 2.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
21,,,, 1.60000E+01, 2.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 6, 11, 12, 13, 8, 3, 2,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
3, 8, 13, 14, 15, 10, 5, 4,
3, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
11, 16, 21, 20, 15, 14, 13, 12,
4-27

*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 7.28000E-04,
*EIGCNTL
1,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-28

Natural Frequencies of an Earth Dam
4.7
Title:
Natural frequencies of an earth dam
Element Type:
2-D plane strain element (NKTP = 2, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
The natural frequencies of an earth dam, with dimensions as shown in Figure 4.9, are to be computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 11.707 106 psi
NUXY
= 0.45
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
= 4.0415 lb-sec2/in4
(Mass density)

The earth dam is modeled using seven 2-D plane strain elements (NKTP = 2, NORDR = 2). The nodes
along the base of dam are constrained in both X and Y directions.
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration and consistent mass matrix formulation are used to evaluate the
eigenvalues.

The first five natural frequencies of the earth dam obtained from NISA, using parabolic isoparametric
plane strain elements, are compared to those obtained from Reference 1, using constant strain
triangular elements, in Table 4.4. The plots for the mode shapes are shown in Figure 4.10. through
Figure 4.14.
Reference:
1.
R.W. Clough and A.K. Chopra, Earthquake Stress Analysis in Earth Dams, Proc. ASCE, J. EM
Dn., 92, 1966.
4-29

Figure 4.9: Finite Element Mesh for an Earth Dam
Figure 4.10: Mode No. 1: Frequency = 1.237 Hz
4-30

Table 4.4: Natural frequencies of an earth dam (Hz)

Mode
NISA
1.242
1.237
2.039
1.993
2.039
2.365
3.239
2.966
3.436
3.465
4-31

4-32


ANALYSIS = EIGEN
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = EV07
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF AN EARTH DAM
*ELTYPE
1, 2, 2
*NODES
1,,,,-4.50000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,,-3.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,,-1.50000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,,-7.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
5,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
6,,,, 7.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
7,,,, 1.50000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
8,,,, 3.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
9,,,, 4.50000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
10,,,,-3.75000E+02, 5.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
12,,,,-1.50000E+02, 5.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
14,,,, 0.00000E+00, 7.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
16,,,, 1.50000E+02, 5.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
18,,,, 3.75000E+02, 5.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
19,,,,-3.00000E+02, 1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0
20,,,,-2.25000E+02, 1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0
21,,,,-1.50000E+02, 1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0
22,,,,-7.50000E+01, 1.25000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0
23,,,, 0.00000E+00, 1.50000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0
24,,,, 7.50000E+01, 1.25000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0
25,,,, 1.50000E+02, 1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0
26,,,, 2.25000E+02, 1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0
27,,,, 3.00000E+02, 1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0
28,,,,-2.06250E+02, 1.62500E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0
30,,,,-5.62500E+01, 1.87500E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0
32,,,, 5.62500E+01, 1.87500E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0
34,,,, 2.06250E+02, 1.62500E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0
36,,,,-1.12500E+02, 2.25000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0
4-33

37,,,,-5.62500E+01, 2.62500E+02, 0.00000E+00,

38,,,, 0.00000E+00, 3.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00,
39,,,, 5.62500E+01, 2.62500E+02, 0.00000E+00,
40,,,, 1.12500E+02, 2.25000E+02, 0.00000E+00,
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 0, 0
1, 2, 3, 12, 21, 20, 19, 10,
2, 1, 1, 0, 0
3, 4, 5, 14, 23, 22, 21, 12,
3, 1, 1, 0, 0
5, 6, 7, 16, 25, 24, 23, 14,
4, 1, 1, 0, 0
7, 8, 9, 18, 27, 26, 25, 16,
5, 1, 1, 0, 0
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 30, 36, 28,
6, 1, 1, 0, 0
23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 34, 40, 32,
7, 1, 1, 0, 0
36, 30, 23, 32, 40, 39, 38, 37,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 1.17070E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 4.50000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 4.04150E+00,
*EIGCNTL
5,-1,0,0,0.1,0.0,0.0,0.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
6,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
6,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
8,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4-34
0
0
0
0

8,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
9,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
9,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
0
0
0
4-35

Natural Frequencies of a Square Cantilever Plate
4.8
Title:
Natural frequencies of a square cantilever plate
Element Type:
Problem:
The natural frequencies of a square cantilever plate, (80 80 0.25 inch) are to be computed.
Properties:
Material:
30 106 psi
NUXY =
0.3
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
3.663 10-2 lb-sec2/in4
(Mass density)
EX

Two different mesh sizes are used to model the plate using 3-D general shell elements (NKTP = 20,
NORDR = 2). The two models are shown in Figure 4.15 and Figure 4.16. All six degrees of freedom of
the nodes along X = 0 are constrained. The input data is presented only for Model 1.
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration and consistent mass matrix formulation are used to evaluate the
natural frequencies.

The first five natural frequencies of the cantilever plate obtained from NISA are compared to
theoretical (Ref. [1]) values in Table 4.5.
Reference:
1.
S. Timoshenko, D.M. Young and W. Weaver, Jr., Vibration Problems in Engineering, 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1974.
4-36

Figure 4.15: Finite Element Mesh for Model 1
Figure 4.16: Finite Element Mesh for Model 2
4-37

Table 4.5: Natural frequencies of a square cantilever plate (Hz)

Mode
Theoretical
(Ref.[1])
NISA
(Model 1)
NISA
(Model 2)
3.010
3.001
2.996
7.371
7.389
7.325
18.502
19.344
18.426
23.649
25.042
23.641
26.887
28.470
26.748
4-38


ANALYSIS = EIGEN
MEMORY = 1000000
IDNUM = REGULAR
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF A SQUARE CANTILEVER PLATE - MODEL 1
*ELTYPE
1, 20, 2
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01,
2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 0.00000E+00, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 0.00000E+00, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 0.00000E+00, 1.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
5,,,, 0.00000E+00, 2.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
11,,,, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
13,,,, 5.00000E+00, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
15,,,, 5.00000E+00, 2.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
21,,,, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
22,,,, 1.00000E+01, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
23,,,, 1.00000E+01, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
24,,,, 1.00000E+01, 1.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
25,,,, 1.00000E+01, 2.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
31,,,, 1.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
33,,,, 1.50000E+01, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
35,,,, 1.50000E+01, 2.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
41,,,, 2.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
42,,,, 2.00000E+01, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
43,,,, 2.00000E+01, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
44,,,, 2.00000E+01, 1.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
45,,,, 2.00000E+01, 2.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 11, 21, 22, 23, 13, 3, 2,
4-39

2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
3, 13, 23, 24, 25, 15, 5, 4,
3, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
21, 31, 41, 42, 43, 33, 23, 22,
4, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
23, 33, 43, 44, 45, 35, 25, 24,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 3.66300E-02,
*EIGCNTL
5,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-40

Input Data for Verification Problem No.4.8A

ANALYSIS = EIGEN
MEMORY = 1000000
IDNUM = REGULAR
SOLV = FRON
FILE = EV08
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF A SQUARE CANTILEVER PLATE - MODEL 2
*ELTYPE
1, 20, 2
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01,
2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 0.00000E+00, 2.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 0.00000E+00, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 0.00000E+00, 7.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
86,,,, 2.00000E+01, 1.25000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
87,,,, 2.00000E+01, 1.50000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
88,,,, 2.00000E+01, 1.75000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
89,,,, 2.00000E+01, 2.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 11, 21, 22, 23, 13, 3, 2,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
3, 13, 23, 24, 25, 15, 5, 4,
:
:
15, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
65, 75, 85, 86, 87, 77, 67, 66,
16, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
67, 77, 87, 88, 89, 79, 69, 68,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+07,
4-41

NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 3.66300E-02,
*EIGCNTL
5,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
9,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
9,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
9,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
9,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-42

Free Vibration Analysis of a Cantilever Beam Using Solid Elements
4.9
Free Vibration Analysis of a Cantilever Beam Using Solid

Elements
Title:
Free vibration analysis of a cantilever beam using solid elements
Element Type:
3-D solid element (NKTP = 4, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
The first eight natural frequencies of a cantilever beam shown in Figure 4.17 are to be computed using
solid elements.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 12.0 108 psi
NUXY
= 0.0
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
= 1.0 lb-sec2/in4
(Mass density)

Three models, having 8, 16 and 32 elements respectively, are created using 3-D solid elements (NKTP
= 4, NORDR = 1) as shown in Figure 4.18. All translational degrees of freedom (UX,UY and UZ) are
constrained at the clamped end. All the nodes have been fixed in Y-direction to eliminate the bending
modes in that direction. The input data is presented only for Model 1.
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration and consistent mass matrix formulation are used to extract the
eigenvalues.
4-43


The first eight natural frequencies from NISA for the three models are compared to the theoretical
results obtained using simple beam theory (Ref. [1]) in Table 4.6. The axial mode (mode 8) frequency
from NISA are close to the theoretical value even for the crude mesh. For the bending modes, NISA
results approach theoretical frequencies as the mesh becomes more refined.
Reference:
1.
S. Timoshenko, D.H. Young and W. Weaver, Jr., Vibration Problems in Engineering, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., 4th Edition, 1974.
Figure 4.17: Cantilever Beam
Figure 4.18: Finite Element Mesh for Model 1 to 3
4-44

Table 4.6: Natural frequencies (Hz)

NISA
Mode
Theoretical
(Ref.[1])
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Bending 1
0.5595
0.5606
0.5598
0.5596
Bending 2
3.5067
3.6428
3.5393
3.5139
Bending 3
9.8200
10.9689
10.0845
9.8776
Bending 4
19.2437
24.1866
20.3121
19.4761
Bending 5
31.8087
47.3817
34.8603
32.4651
Bending 6
47.5167
90.0299
54.6393
49.0114
Bending 7
66.3662
182.1130
80.9776
69.3334
Axial 1
86.6026
86.7417
86.6373
86.6113
4-45


ANALYSIS = EIGEN
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = ON,LIST
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF A CANTILEVER BEAM USING SOLID ELEMENTS - MODEL 1
*ELTYPE
1, 4, 1
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00,-2.50000E+00,-5.00000E-01, 0
2,,,, 0.00000E+00, 2.50000E+00,-5.00000E-01, 0
3,,,, 0.00000E+00, 2.50000E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0
4,,,, 0.00000E+00,-2.50000E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0
:
:
33,,,, 1.00000E+02,-2.50000E+00,-5.00000E-01, 0
34,,,, 1.00000E+02, 2.50000E+00,-5.00000E-01, 0
35,,,, 1.00000E+02, 2.50000E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0
36,,,, 1.00000E+02,-2.50000E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 0, 0
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
2, 1, 1, 0, 0
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
:
:
7, 1, 1, 0, 0
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32,
8, 1, 1, 0, 0
29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 1.20000E+09,
NUXY, 1, 0, 0.00000E+00,
DENS, 1, 0, 1.00000E+00,
*EIGCNTL
8,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
4-46

*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
33,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
34,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
35,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
36,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA

ANALYSIS = EIGEN
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
*ELTYPE
1, 4, 1
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00,-2.50000E+00,-5.00000E-01, 0
2,,,, 0.00000E+00, 2.50000E+00,-5.00000E-01, 0
3,,,, 0.00000E+00, 2.50000E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0
4,,,, 0.00000E+00,-2.50000E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0
:
:
65,,,, 1.00000E+02,-2.50000E+00,-5.00000E-01, 0
66,,,, 1.00000E+02, 2.50000E+00,-5.00000E-01, 0
67,,,, 1.00000E+02, 2.50000E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0
4-47

68,,,, 1.00000E+02,-2.50000E+00, 5.00000E-01,

*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 0, 0
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
2, 1, 1, 0, 0
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
:
:
15, 1, 1, 0, 0
57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64,
16, 1, 1, 0, 0
61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 1.20000E+09,
NUXY, 1, 0, 0.00000E+00,
DENS, 1, 0, 1.00000E+00,
*EIGCNTL
8,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
65,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
66,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
67,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
68,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
Input Data for Verification Problem No.4.9B

ANALYSIS = EIGEN
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = EV09
4-48

SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
*ELTYPE
1, 4, 1
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00,-2.50000E+00,-5.00000E-01, 0
2,,,, 0.00000E+00, 2.50000E+00,-5.00000E-01, 0
3,,,, 0.00000E+00, 2.50000E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0
4,,,, 0.00000E+00,-2.50000E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0
:
:
129,,,, 1.00000E+02,-2.50000E+00,-5.00000E-01, 0
130,,,, 1.00000E+02, 2.50000E+00,-5.00000E-01, 0
131,,,, 1.00000E+02, 2.50000E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0
132,,,, 1.00000E+02,-2.50000E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 0, 0
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
2, 1, 1, 0, 0
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
:
:
31, 1, 1, 0, 0
121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128,
32, 1, 1, 0, 0
125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 1.20000E+09,
NUXY, 1, 0, 0.00000E+00,
DENS, 1, 0, 1.00000E+00,
*EIGCNTL
8,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4-49

:
:
129,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
130,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
131,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
132,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
0
0
0
0
4-50

Natural Frequencies of a Cylindrical Shell with a Rigid Diaphragm
4.10 Natural Frequencies of a Cylindrical Shell with a Rigid Diaphragm

Title:
Natural frequencies of a cylindrical shell with a rigid diaphragm
Element Type:
Problem:
The first five natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes of a cylindrical shell with a rigid
diaphragm as shown in Figure 4.7 are to be evaluated.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 20.6 107 N/mm2
NUXY = 0.3
DENS
= 7.85 10-9 Ns2/mm4
(Poissons ratio)
(Mass density)
Geometry:
t
= 2.0 mm (thickness)

One quarter of the cylindrical shell is modeled taking advantage of symmetry. Two models, one with a
10 5 mesh and another with a 20 5 mesh are created using 3-D thin shell elements (NKTP = 40,
NORDR = 1) as shown in Figure 4.20. Symmetry boundary conditions (UZ = 0.0) are applied at mid
section (Z = 100.0). Twin frequencies are eliminated by applying symmetry boundary condition (UY =
0.0 and ROTZ = 0.0) along the edges (X = 100.0 and X = -100.0). The rotational degrees of freedom
normal to the shell are suppressed using AUTO = ON in the executive commands. The input data is
presented only for Model 1.
Solution Procedure:
Accelerated subspace iteration with both consistent and lumped mass matrix formulation is used to
extract the eigenvalues.
4-51


The first five natural frequencies obtained from NISA for both Model 1 and Model 2 using consistent
and lumped mass matrix formulation are compared to the theoretical results obtained from (Ref.1) in
Table 4.7. The frequencies obtained using lumped mass matrix formulation are closer to the theoretical
results. Plots of the five modes obtained for Model 2, using consistent mass formulation, are shown in
Figure 4.21.
Figure 4.19: Cylindrical Shell with Rigid Diaphragm
4-52

Figure 4.20: Finite Element Mesh for Models 1 and 2
Reference:
1.
W. Sidel, Vibrations of Shells and Plates, Marcel Dekker Inc., 1981.
Table 4.7: Natural frequencies (Hz)

NISA
Theoretical
(Ref.[ 1])
Consistent Mass
Lumped Mass
Model 1
Model 2
Model 1
Model 2
1342.5
1363.7
1345.9
1363.7
1347.0
1464.8
1499.6
1468.2
1479.9
1468.8
1725.9
1740.9
1730.3
1750.3
1731.3
1892.4
1961.2
1898.2
1884.9
1896.7
2493.1
2636.7
2504.2
2413.7
2496.6
4-53

4-54


ANALYSIS = EIGEN
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF CYLINDRICAL SHELL WITH A RIGID DIAPHRAGM - MODEL 1
*ELTYPE
1, 40, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 4,1, 0
2.0000000E+00, 2.0000000E+00, 2.0000000E+00, 2.0000000E+00,
*NODES
1, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 1.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
3, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 3.60000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
4, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 5.40000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
63, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 1.26000E+02, 1.00000E+02, 0
64, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 1.44000E+02, 1.00000E+02, 0
65, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 1.62000E+02, 1.00000E+02, 0
66, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 1.80000E+02, 1.00000E+02, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 2, 13, 12,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
2, 3, 14, 13,
:
:
49, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
53, 54, 65, 64,
50, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
54, 55, 66, 65,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 2.06000E+05,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 7.85000E-09,
*EIGCNTL
4-55

5,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
66,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
66,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
66,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
66,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA

ANALYSIS = EIGEN
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF CYLINDRICAL SHELL WITH A RIGID DIAPHRAGM - MODEL 2
*ELTYPE
1, 40, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 4,1, 0
2.0000000E+00, 2.0000000E+00, 2.0000000E+00, 2.0000000E+00,
*NODES
1, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 9.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 1.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
4, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 2.70000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
123, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 1.53000E+02, 1.00000E+02, 0
4-56

124, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 1.62000E+02, 1.00000E+02,

125, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 1.71000E+02, 1.00000E+02,
126, 1,,, 1.00000E+02, 1.80000E+02, 1.00000E+02,
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 2, 23, 22,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
2, 3, 24, 23,
:
:
99, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
103, 104, 125, 124,
100, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
104, 105, 126, 125,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 2.06000E+05,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 7.85000E-09,
*EIGCNTL
5,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
126,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
126,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
126,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
126,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
0
0
0
4-57

Natural Frequencies of a Simple Torsional System
4.11
Title:
Natural frequencies of a simple torsional system
Element Type:
3-D torsional spring element (NKTP = 21)
3-D point mass element with rotary inertia (NKTP = 30)
Problem:
A simple 2-DOF torsional system shown in Figure 4.22 is to be analysed for natural frequencies and
mode shapes.
Properties:
Material:
K
100.0 lb-in/rad
(Torsional spring constant)
1.0 lb-in-sec2
(Rotary inertia)

The system is modeled with two 3-D torsional spring elements (NKTP = 21) and two 3-D point mass
elements (NKTP = 30) as shown in Figure 4.22. Node 1 is fully constrained. All degrees of freedom
except rotation about global x-direction are constrained at nodes 2 and 3.
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration is used to extract both the eigenvalues of the system.

The frequencies obtained from NISA for the first and second modes are 6.18 and 16.18 rad/sec,
respectively. These correspond exactly to the theoretical values reported in Ref. [1].
Reference:
1.
W.T. Thomson, Theory of Vibration with Applications, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs,
New Jersey, 2nd Edition, 1981.
4-58

Figure 4.22: 2 DOF Torsional System
4-59


ANALYSIS = EIGEN
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = EV11
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF A SIMPLE TORSIONAL SYSTEM
*ELTYPE
1, 21, 1
2, 30, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
1.0000000E+02, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
2, 8,1, 0
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 0, 1, 1, 0
1, 2,
2, 0, 1, 1, 0
2, 3,
3, 0, 2, 2, 0
2,
4, 0, 2, 2, 0
3,
*EIGCNTL
2,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4-60

1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
2,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
2,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
2,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
2,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
3,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
3,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
3,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
3,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
3,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4-61

Natural Frequencies of a Composite Square Plate
4.12 Natural Frequencies of a Composite Square Plate

Title:
Natural frequencies of a composite square plate
Element Type:
3-D laminated composite general shell element (NKTP = 32, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
A simply supported square plate with 1 inch side has nine layers alternating at 0o and 90o with respect
to the global Z-axis. Thicknesses of the layers at 0o and 90o are 0.001 inch and 0.00125 inch,
respectively. The natural frequencies of the plate are to be computed.
Properties:
Material:
In material principal directions,
EX
= 40 106 psi
EY
= 1.0 106 psi
NUXY = 0.25
(Poissons ratio)
GXY
= 0.6 106 psi
(Shear modulus)
GXZ
= 0.6 106 psi
(Shear modulus)
GYZ
= 0.5 106 psi
(Shear modulus)
DENS
= 1.0 lb-sec2/in4
(Mass density)

Taking advantage of symmetry, only one quarter of the plate is modeled using sixteen 3-D laminated
composite general shell elements (NKTP = 32, NORDR = 2) as shown in Figure 4.23. Symmetry
boundary conditions UX = 0.0, ROTY = 0.0, ROTZ = 0.0 and UY = 0.0, ROTX = 0.0, ROTZ = 0.0 are
applied along X = 0.5 and Y = 0.5, respectively. Translations normal to the plate (UZ) are constrained
for the nodes on the edges of the plate. In-plane translations (UX, UY) and rotations about normal to
the plate (ROTZ) are suppressed for all the nodes.
4-62

Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration and consistent mass matrix formulation are used for the eigenvalue
extraction.
Figure 4.23: Finite Element Mesh for a Composite Square Plate

The first four natural frequencies of the plate obtained from NISA are compared to those obtained
from Ref. [1] in Table 4.8 and they show good agreement. Mode shape plots for the above modes are
presented in Figure 4.24.
Reference:
1.
J.E. Ashton and J.M. Whitney, Theory of Laminated Plates, Progress in Materials Science
Series, Technomic Publishing Co., Inc., Stanford, Connecticut, 4, 70, 1970.
Table 4.8: Frequencies in cycle/sec

Mode
Ref. [1]
NISA
30.064
30.015
167.113
166.082
205.867
203.431
270.579
268.712
4-63

4-64


ANALYSIS = EIGEN
MEMORY = 1000000
IDNUM = REGULAR
SOLV = FRON
EXECUTION = CGO
FILE = EV12
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF A COMPOSITE SQUARE PLATE
*ELTYPE
1, 32, 2
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
1.0000000E-03, 1.0000000E-03, 1.0000000E-03, 1.0000000E-03,
1.0000000E-03, 1.0000000E-03, 1.0000000E-03, 1.0000000E-03,
2, 8,1, 0
1.2500000E-03, 1.2500000E-03, 1.2500000E-03, 1.2500000E-03,
1.2500000E-03, 1.2500000E-03, 1.2500000E-03, 1.2500000E-03,
*LAMANGLE
1,8
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
2,8
90.0,90.0,90.0,90.0,90.0,90.0,90.0,90.0
*LAMSQ2
**_DISP3_: 1,NAME =
1,9,0,1
1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,1
2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,1,1
1,1,1,1,1,1,1
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 6.25000E-02, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 1.25000E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 1.87500E-01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
4-65

:
78,,,, 3.12500E-01, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00,
79,,,, 3.75000E-01, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00,
80,,,, 4.37500E-01, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00,
81,,,, 5.00000E-01, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00,
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 2,,,,, 0
1, 2, 3, 12, 21, 20, 19, 10,
2, 1, 1, 1, 2,,,,, 0
3, 4, 5, 14, 23, 22, 21, 12,
:
:
15, 1, 1, 1, 2,,,,, 0
59, 60, 61, 70, 79, 78, 77, 68,
16, 1, 1, 1, 2,,,,, 0
61, 62, 63, 72, 81, 80, 79, 70,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 4.00000E+07,
EY , 1, 0, 1.00000E+06,
NUXY, 1, 0, 2.50000E-01,
GXY , 1, 0, 6.00000E+05,
GXZ , 1, 0, 6.00000E+05,
GYZ , 1, 0, 5.00000E+05,
DENS, 1, 0, 1.00000E+00,
*EIGCNTL
4,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
81,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-66
0
0
0
0

Free Vibration Analysis of a Three-Layer Orthotropic Sandwich Plate
4.13 Free Vibration Analysis of a Three-Layer Orthotropic

Sandwich Plate
Title:
Free vibration analysis of a three- layer orthotropic sandwich plate
Element Type:
3-D sandwich general shell element (NKTP = 33, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
The first four natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes for a simply supported 3 layer
orthotropic sandwich plate shown in Figure 4.25 are to be computed.
Properties:
Material:
In material principal directions,
Face sheets:
EX=EY
10 106 psi
NUXY
0.33
(Poissons ratio)
GXY
3.759 106 psi
(Shear modulus)
DENS
2.59 10-4 lb-sec2/in4
(Mass density)
Thickness
0.016 in
Orientation angle
GXY
1.95 104 psi
(Shear modulus)
GYZ
0.75 104 psi
(Shear modulus)
DENS
1.14 10-5 lb-sec2/in4
(Mass density)
Thickness
0.025 in
Orientation angle
Core:
4-67


A 6 4 grid of finite elements is used to model the entire plate as shown in Figure 4.25. Simply
supported boundary condition is applied at all the four sides. In addition, in-plane translations (UX and
UY) and rotation (ROTZ) are constrained at all nodes.
Solution Procedure:
Consistent mass matrix formulation and accelerated subspace iteration are used for the eigenvalue
extraction.
Figure 4.25: Finite Element Mesh for a 3 Layer Orthotropic Sandwich Plate

The first four natural frequencies obtained from NISA are compared with experimental results from
Ref. [1] and finite element results using a 25 25 mesh from Reference 2 in Table 4.9 and they show
good agreement. The mode shape plots for the above modes are shown in Figure 4.26 through Figure
4.29.
4-68

References:
1.
M.E. Raville and C.E.S. Ueng, Determination of Natural Frequencies of Vibration of a Sandwich Plate, Experimental Mechanics, 490-493, 1967.
2.
T.P. Khatua and Y.K. Cheng, Bending and Vibration of Multilayer Sandwich Beams and Plates,
Table 4.9: Natural frequencies of a simply supported 3 layer orthotropic sandwich plate (Hz)
Mode
Ref. [1]
Ref. [2]
NISA
--
23.0
23.4
45.0
45.0
44.8
69.0
71.0
71.3
78.0
82.0
81.1
4-69

4-70

4-71


ANALYSIS = EIGEN
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = EV13
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF A 3 LAYER ORTHOTROPIC SANDWICH PLATE
*ELTYPE
1, 33, 2
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
1.6000001E-02, 1.6000001E-02, 1.6000001E-02, 1.6000001E-02,
1.6000001E-02, 1.6000001E-02, 1.6000001E-02, 1.6000001E-02,
2, 8,1, 0
2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01,
2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01, 2.5000000E-01,
*LAMANGLE
1,8
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*LAMSQ2
**_DISP3_: 1,NAME =
1,3,4,1
1,2,1,1,1,1,1,2,1
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 6.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 1.20000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 1.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
114,,,, 5.40000E+01, 4.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
115,,,, 6.00000E+01, 4.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
116,,,, 6.60000E+01, 4.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
117,,,, 7.20000E+01, 4.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 0, 2,,,,, 0
1, 2, 3, 16, 29, 28, 27, 14,
4-72

2, 1, 1, 0, 2,,,,, 0
3, 4, 5, 18, 31, 30, 29, 16,
:
:
23, 1, 1, 0, 2,,,,, 0
87, 88, 89, 102, 115, 114, 113, 100,
24, 1, 1, 0, 2,,,,, 0
89, 90, 91, 104, 117, 116, 115, 102,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 1.00000E+07,
EY , 1, 0, 1.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.30000E-01,
GXY , 1, 0, 3.75900E+06,
DENS, 1, 0, 2.59000E-04,
EX , 2, 0, 0.00000E+00,
GXZ , 2, 0, 1.95000E+04,
GYZ , 2, 0, 7.50000E+03,
DENS, 2, 0, 1.14000E-05,
*EIGCNTL
4,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
117,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
117,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
117,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
117,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-73

Natural Frequencies of a Free-Free (Unconstrained) Beam
4.14 Natural Frequencies of a Free-Free (Unconstrained) Beam

Title:
Natural frequencies of a free-free (unconstrained) beam
Element Type:
Problem:
The natural frequencies corresponding to the first three elastic modes of a 2-D free-free beam shown in
Figure 4.30 are to be evaluated.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 30 106 psi
NUXY
= 0.3
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
= 7.28 10-4 lb-sec2/in4
(Mass density)
Cross Section:
A
= 4.0 in2
(Area)
IYY
= 1.3333 in4
(Moment of inertia about Y-axis)
IZZ
= 1.3333 in4

The beam is modeled with four 3-D beam elements (NKTP = 12, NORDR = 1) as shown in Figure
4.10. The out-of-plane translation (UZ) and rotations (ROTX and ROTY) are constrained reducing the
problem to a planar problem.
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration with lumped mass matrix formulation is used to evaluate the first six
eigenvalues including those corresponding to the three rigid body modes. A negative value for the
initial shift is used to avoid singularity during decomposition.
4-74


The frequencies corresponding to the first three elastic modes of the beam obtained from NISA are
compared to the theoretical values (Ref. [1]) in Table 4.10 and they show good agreement.
Figure 4.30: Free-free Beam
Reference:
1.
W.T. Thomson, Theory of Vibration with Applications, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs,
New Jersey, 2nd Edition, 1981.
Table 4.10: Frequencies corresponding to the elastic modes (HZ)

Mode
Theoretical
(Ref.[1])
NISA
65.29
65.20
179.83
180.35
352.66
353.46
4-75


ANALYSIS = EIGEN
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = EV14
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF A FREE-FREE (UNCONSTRAINED) BEAM
*ELTYPE
1, 12, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
4.0000000E+00, 1.3333330E+00, 1.3333330E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 2.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 4.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 6.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
5,,,, 8.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2,000000,000000, 0,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0
2, 3,000000,000000, 0,
3, 1, 1, 1, 0
3, 4,000000,000000, 0,
4, 1, 1, 1, 0
4, 5,000000,000000, 0,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 7.28000E-04,
*EIGCNTL
6,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,-1.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4-76

1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
2,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
2,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
2,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
3,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
3,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
3,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
4,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
4,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
4,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
5,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
5,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
5,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
*MODEOUT
3,0,0,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4-77

Natural Frequencies of a Free Edged Square Plate
4.15 Natural Frequencies of a Free Edged Square Plate

Title:
Natural frequencies of a free edged square plate
Element Type:
Problem:
The natural frequencies of the square plate with free edges shown in Figure 4.31 corresponding to the
first three elastic modes are to be evaluated.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 10.5 106 psi
NUXY
= 0.225
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
= 2.58799 10-4 lb-sec2/in4
(Mass density)
= 1.0 in
(thickness)
Geometry:
t

The plate is modeled using 64 3-D thin shell elements (NKTP = 40, NORDR = 1) as shown in Figure
4.31. The rotational degrees of freedom normal to the plate are suppressed using AUTO = ON in the
executive commands.
Solution Procedure:
Accelerated subspace iteration with lumped mass matrix formulation is used. Nine eigenvalues
including those corresponding to the six rigid body modes are extracted. A negative value for the
initial shift is used to avoid singularity during decomposition.

The frequencies corresponding to the first three elastic modes of the plate obtained from NISA are
compared to the theoretical values (Ref. [1]) in Table 4.11 and they show good agreement. The mode
shape plots for the above modes are presented in Figure 4.32.
4-78

Reference:
1.
S. Timoshenko, D.H. Young and W. Weaver, Jr., Vibration Problems in Engineering, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., 4th Edition, 1974.
Figure 4.31: Finite Element Mesh for a Free Edged Square Plate
Table 4.11: Frequencies corresponding to the elastic modes (HZ)

Mode
NISA
55.18
56.83
80.46
79.83
93.58
94.17
4-79

4-80


ANALYSIS = EIGEN
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF A FREE EDGED SQUARE PLATE
*ELTYPE
1, 40, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 6.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 1.20000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 1.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
78,,,, 3.00000E+01, 4.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
79,,,, 3.60000E+01, 4.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
80,,,, 4.20000E+01, 4.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
81,,,, 4.80000E+01, 4.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 2, 11, 10,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
2, 3, 12, 11,
:
:
63, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
70, 71, 80, 79,
64, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
71, 72, 81, 80,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 1.05000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 2.25000E-01,
4-81

DENS, 1, 0, 2.58799E-04,
*EIGCNTL
9,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,-1.0
*MODEOUT
7,0,0,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-82

Natural Frequencies of an Eccentric Mass-Spring System
4.16 Natural Frequencies of an Eccentric Mass-Spring

System
Title:
Natural frequencies of an eccentric mass-spring system
Element Type:
3-D general spring element (NKTP = 38)
3-D point mass element with rotary inertia (NKTP = 30)
Problem:
A mass of 100 lb-sec2/in with a rotary inertia of 10,000 lb-in-sec2 is connected at an eccentricity of 5
inches along the x-direction and 10 inches along the y-direction to a system of translational and
rotational springs as shown in Figure 4.33. The natural frequencies of the system are to be computed.
Properties:
K x, K y
= 1.0 104 lb/in
Translational spring constants
= 1.0 106 lb-in
Rotational spring constant
M x, M y
= 100 lb-sec2/in
Translational mass
= 104 lb-in-sec2
Rotational mass

The structure is modeled with a 3-D general spring element (NKTP = 38) and a 3-D point mass
element (NKTP = 30). They are connected by a rigid element, thus inducing the eccentricity. Out-ofplane displacements (UZ, ROTX and ROTZ) at all the nodes are constrained reducing the problem to a
planar problem.
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration is used to extract all the three eigenvalues of the system.
Results and Comparisons:

Eliminating the degrees of freedom at the slave node 3 and writing the stiffness and mass matrices for
the master degrees of freedom at node 2.
4-83

10
K =
0
10
10
2
5 10
2
10 5 10 2.25 10
10
M =
0 10
0
0
4
0 10
Figure 4.33: Eccentric Mass-Spring System

The frequencies of the system solved by hand computation are compared to those obtained from NISA
in Table 4.12 and they show very good agreement.
Table 4.12: Natural frequencies of an eccentric mass-spring system (Hz)

Mode
Hand computation
NISA
0.9336
0.9336
1.5915
1.5915
2.7131
2.7130
4-84


ANALYSIS = EIGEN
MEMORY = 10000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = EV16
SAVE = 26,27
*TITLE
NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF AN ECCENTRIC MASS-SPRING SYSTEM
*ELTYPE
1, 38, 1
2, 30, 1
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
1.0000000E+04, 1.0000000E+04, 1.0000000E+04, 1.0000000E+06,
1.0000000E+06, 1.0000000E+06, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
2, 8,1, 0
1.0000000E+02, 1.0000000E+02, 1.0000000E+02, 1.0000000E+04,
1.0000000E+04, 1.0000000E+04, 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00,
*NODES
1,,,,-1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 5.00000E+00, 1.00000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
101, 0, 1, 1, 0
1, 2, 3,
102, 0, 2, 2, 0
3,
*RIGLINK
201, 2, 1,1,0, 3, 0,
*EIGCNTL
3,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4-85

1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,3,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,2,0,0,0,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-86

Natural Frequencies of a Rotating Cantilever Beam
4.17 Natural Frequencies of a Rotating Cantilever Beam

Title:
Natural frequencies of a rotating cantilever beam
Element Type:
3-D Solid Element (NKTP=4, NORDR=1)
Eigenvalue analysis of a stress stiffened structure
Problem:
The first four natural frequencies of the cantilever beam shown in Figure 4.34 are to be determined for
rotor speeds of 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 rad/sec. about the global Z-direction.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 75.0 106 psi
NUXY = 0.0
DENS
= 1.0 lb-sec2/in4
(Poissons ratio)
(Mass density)

The cantilever beam is modeled with sixteen 3-D solid elements as shown in Figure 4.34. The input
data is presented for a rotational speed, z , of 50 rad/sec. All translational degrees of freedom are
constrained at the clamped end.
Solution Procedure:
First a nonlinear static analysis is performed considering geometric nonlinearity only, with 5 load
increments. Total Lagrangian formulation and full Newton-Raphson iterative procedure are used in the
analysis. Files 24, 26, and 27 are saved from this run. Next an eigenvalue restart analysis
(RESTART=4) is performed using conventional subspace iteration and consistent mass formulation.
Files saved from the first run are accessed in the restart by providing the same file name prefix.
4-87


The results from NISA are compared to those obtained from Refs. [1], [2] and [3] and those obtained
from Southwell Coefficient method (Refs. [2, 3]) in Table 4.13. The frequencies corresponding to
vibration of the cantilever in the plane of rotation (X-Y plane) are known as the lead-lag frequencies
and those corresponding to the out of plane vibration (X-Z plane) are known as flap frequencies. These
are indicated by wy,j and wz,j in the table. Note that Refs. [1] and [2] give identical results for both leadlag and flap frequencies. Also note that the results of Ref. [1] are based on a Rayleigh-Ritz formulation
whereas the results of Refs. [2] and [3] are obtained from a finite element analysis with beam and plate
elements, respectively, and finally the Southwell coefficient method is an approximate one for
calculating the natural frequencies.
References:
1.
M. El-Essawi, A Model for Nonlinear Structural Dynamics of Rotating Cantilevers, Ph.D. Dissertation, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, March 1982.
2.
S. Putter and H. Manor, Natural Frequencies of Rotating Radial Beams, Journal of Sound and
Vibration, 56(2), 175-185, 1978.
3.
M.A. Dokainish and S. Rawtani, Vibration Analysis of Rotating Cantilever Plates, International
Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 3(2), 233-248, 1971.
Figure 4.34: Finite Element Model of the Rotating Cantilever Beam
4-88

Table 4.13: Natural Frequencies of a Rotating Cantilever Beam

Angular
Velocity
NISA
NKTP=4
Ref. [1]
Ref. [2]
Ref. [3]
Southwell
Coeff.
Method
rad/sec
rad/sec
rad/sec
rad/sec
rad/sec
wy,1
3.6223
3.6218
3.6218
3.6191
3.6131
wz,1
4.1376
4.1318
4.1306
wy,2
22.7004
22.5263
22.5263
22.5280
22.5175
wz,2
22.7882
22.6168
22.6168
wy,1
4.0734
4.0739
4.0739
4.0840
4.0850
wz,1
6.4486
6.4559
6.4566
wy,2
25.1160
24.9501
24.9500
24.9539
24.9002
wz,2
25.6078
25.4562
24.4562
wy,1
5.0473
5.0491
5.0490
5.0620
5.4463
wz,1
11.2004
11.2082
11.3957
wy,2
32.2794
32.1199
32.1197
32.1764
31.9925
wz,2
33.7896
33.6975
33.6975
wy,1
6.7725
6.7773
6.7757
1.1584
9.0312
wz,1
21.1134
20.0334
21.9445
wy,2
51.5681
51.3547
51.3531
51.8142
51.3568
wz,2
55.3021
55.5475
55.5475
wy,1
10.4718
10.5939
10.4806
21.0918
wz,1
51.0800
54.2666
wy,2
117.1007
116.9850
116.1996
119.2917
118.0488
wz,2
127.3042
129.3658
129.3658
Mode
rad/sec
2
10
20
50
* Results seem to be beyond range of adapted formula.
4-89

Nonlinear Static Input Data for Verification Problem No.4.17

ANALYSIS = NLSTAT
MEMORY = 1000000
SOLV = FRON
FILE = EV17
SAVE = 24,26,27
NLTYPE = GEOMETRY
*TITLE
NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF A ROTATING CANTILEVER BEAM - NONLINEAR STATIC RUN
*ELTYPE
1, 4, 1
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 3.12500E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 6.25000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 9.37500E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
65,,,, 4.06250E+01, 1.00000E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0
66,,,, 4.37500E+01, 1.00000E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0
67,,,, 4.68750E+01, 1.00000E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0
68,,,, 5.00000E+01, 1.00000E+00, 1.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 0, 0
1, 2, 19, 18, 35, 36, 53, 52,
2, 1, 1, 0, 0
2, 3, 20, 19, 36, 37, 54, 53,
:
:
15, 1, 1, 0, 0
15, 16, 33, 32, 49, 50, 67, 66,
16, 1, 1, 0, 0
16, 17, 34, 33, 50, 51, 68, 67,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 7.50000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 0.00000E+00,
DENS, 1, 0, 1.00000E+00,
*TIMEAMP
1,2,0
0.00000000,0.00000000,1.00000000,1.00000000
*EVENT, ID = 1
INCREMENTS = EQUAL, 5
4-90

TIMEATEND = 1.0
MAXITERATIONS = 100
TOLERANCES = -.01, 0.01,0.01
*SPDISP, TCRV = 0
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
18,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
18,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
18,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
35,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
35,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
35,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
52,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
52,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
52,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*BODYFORCE, TCRV = 0,0,0
0.0,0.0,50.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.5,0.0
*NLOUT
1,3,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
LDVE,0
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
Eigenvalue Input Data for Verification Problem No. 4.17

PROB=EV17R4.NIS
ANALYSIS=EIGENVALUE
RESTART=4
FILE=EV17
EIGENEXTRACTION=SUBSPACE,CONVENTIONAL
MASS=CONSISTENT
*TITLE
NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF A ROTATING CANTILEVER BEAM - EIGENVALUE RESTART 4
*EIGCNTL
6,0,0
*SPDISP
1,UX,0.0,52,17,UY,UZ
*ENDDATA
4-91

Natural Frequencies of a Simply Supported Square Plate using Guyan Reduction
4.18 Natural Frequencies of a Simply Supported Square Plate

using Guyan Reduction
Title:
Natural Frequencies of a simply supported square plate using Guyan reduction
Element Type:
Problem:
The effect of Guyan reduction on the natural frequencies of the simply supported square plate in
Verification Problem 4.5 is to be evaluated.
Solution Procedure:
Consistent mass formulation and Guyan reduction are used.

The first five natural frequencies are evaluated for 8 cases of Guyan masters as given in Table 4.14.
The first 5 cases involve manual selection of masters and the last 3 cases involve automatic selection
by the program. The first four include UZ degrees of freedom at selected nodes (Figure 4.35). The fifth
case involves all degrees of freedom with non-zero mass as masters and hence represents the exact
result. As it can be seen, when UZ displacements of nodes evenly distributed over the plate are chosen
as masters, the results are close to the exact values. The drawback of the automatic selection of masters
is evident in case 6 where the master degrees of freedom are unevenly distributed over the plate.
Reference:
1.
4-92

Figure 4.35: Finite Element Mesh for a Simply Supported Square Plate
4-93

Table 4.14: Natural Frequencies of simply supported Plate

CASE
MASTERS
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3
Mode 4
Mode 5
UZ @
nodes
87.64
---
---
---
---
UZ @
nodes
82.87
213.79
213.79
373.96
483.07
24
UZ @
nodes
211.11
211.11
211.11
353.48
438.98
33
UZ @ nodes
82.80
211.08
211.08
353.42
438.99
163
All dynamic degrees of

freedom (exact)
82.80
211.08
211.08
353.41
438.99
Automatic
86.31
237.14
280.37
447.61
577.27
24
Automatic
82.80
211.09
211.09
353.48
438.99
33
Automatic
82.80
211.08
211.08
353.42
438.99
4-94


ANALYSIS = EIGEN
IDNUM = REGULAR
SOLV = FRON
FILE = STATIC
RESEQUENCE = OFF
SAVE = 26,27
EIGEN EXTRACTION = GUYAN
*TITLE
NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF A SS SQUARE PLATE - SAME AS PROBLEM 5.5 BUT USING GUYAN
AND CONSISTENT MASS MATRIX
*ELTYPE
1, 20, 2
*RCTABLE
1, 8,1, 0
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00, 1.0000000E+00,
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
2,,,, 6.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
3,,,, 1.20000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
4,,,, 1.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0
:
:
78,,,, 3.00000E+01, 4.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
79,,,, 3.60000E+01, 4.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
80,,,, 4.20000E+01, 4.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
81,,,, 4.80000E+01, 4.80000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 2, 3, 12, 21, 20, 19, 10,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
3, 4, 5, 14, 23, 22, 21, 12,
:
:
15, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
59, 60, 61, 70, 79, 78, 77, 68,
16, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
61, 62, 63, 72, 81, 80, 79, 70,
*MATERIAL
4-95

EX , 1, 0, 1.05000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.33330E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 2.58799E-04,
*EIGCNTL
5,0,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-03,0.0
*SPDISP
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
80,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MASTER
21,UZ, 25,2
39,UZ, 43,2
57,UZ, 61,2
*ENDDATA
4-96
3.08 in
MAIN OFFICES
USA
Cranes Software, Inc.
1133 E Maple Road, Suite 103
Troy, Michigan 48083 USA
P.O. Box 696
Troy, MI, 48099, USA
Phone : (248) 689-0077
Fax
: (248) 689-7479
E-mail : sales@nisasoftware.com
INDIA
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Cranes Engineering,
#52, Bannerghatta Road, B T M Layout,
1st Stage, 1st Phase,
Bangalore 560029, India.
Phone : +91-80 4128 1111
Fax : +91-80 4128 0203
E-mail : nisa@cranessoftware.com
www.nisasoftware.com
www.cranessoftware.com

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VPG/NISA

1.1 Highlights of VPG/NISA Capabilities ....................................................................................1.1

2 Static Analysis Verification Problems

2.1 Cantilever Beam Subjected to Multiple Loading

2.22 Hollow Circular Cylinder Subjected to

3 Buckling Analysis Verification Problems

3.1 Buckling of a Uniaxially Compressed Clamped Square Plate ............................................... 3.1

4 Eigenvalue Analysis Verification Problems

4.1 Natural frequencies of a simply supported beam .................................................................... 4.1

4.11 Natural Frequencies of a Simple Torsional System ............................................................4.58

2 Static Analysis Verification Problems

3 Buckling Analysis Verification Problems

3.1 Square Plate under Uniaxial Compression ............................................................................ 3.2

Cantilever Beam under Compression Load ........................................................................ 3.10

4 Eigenvalue Analysis Verification Problems

4.1 FE Model for Simply Supported Beam ..................................................................................4.2

Free-free Beam ..................................................................................................................4.75

1.1 Classification of verification problems by element type .......................................................1.6

2 Static Analysis Verification Problems

2.1 Comparison of the NISA and the theoretical results ..............................................................2.3

2.26 Comparison of the NISA and theoretical results ............................................................. 2.109

3 Buckling Analysis Verification Problems

3.1 Cross-Section Properties for Tapered beam ........................................................................ 3.15

4 Eigenvalue Analysis Verification Problems

4.1 Natural frequencies of a simply supported beam (Hz) .......................................................... 4.3

Natural frequencies of an earth dam (Hz) ........................................................................... 4.31

4.5 Natural frequencies of a square cantilever plate (Hz) .......................................................... 4.38

Highlights of VPG/NISA Capabilities

Input and Output:

Pre- and Post-processing:

VPG/NISA Verification Manual

Purpose of this Manual

Overall program verification:

Provide wide range of example problems:

Provide comparison of various program options:

VPG/NISA Verification Manual

Verification Problem Format

Finite Element Model:

Results and Comparison:

VPG/NISA Verification Manual

VPG/NISA Verification Manual

Verification problems for static analysis (STATIC)

Verification problems for buckling analysis (BUCKLING)

Verification problems for eigenvalue analysis (EIGENVALUE)

Table 1.1: Classification of verification problems by element type

Section 2.5, Section 2.6

Section 2.7, Section 2.8

VPG/NISA Verification Manual

Section 4.9, Section 4.17

20-node composite solid

2-node tapered beam

2-node beam (3-D)

Section 2.1, Section 2.2

Section 4.4, Section 4.14

Section 2.3, Section 2.19, Section 2.20,

Section 2.27, Section 3.2

Section 4.5, Section 4.6, Section 4.8,

Section 4.11, Section 4.16

2-node spar (2-D)

3-D general point mass

8-node composite shell

VPG/NISA Verification Manual

6-node triangular shell