Chapter 8 - Iee - Draft

Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related
Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces
8.0
8.1
INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

INTRODUCTION
The Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW) of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan is intending to utilise resources available under the World Bank-funded Emergency Irrigation Rehabilitation Project (EIRP) The water resources schemes being targeted under the project are small to medium dams, supplying nearby irrigable areas and provision of other water resources infrastructure such as micro or mini-hydro facilities. The government strategies behind such activities are to develop long term strategy to manage water resources which will in turn help in increasing availability and reliability of water supplies, improving water use efficiency, eliminating unsustainable land use practices, expanding the irrigated command area and increasing sustainable agricultural production in Afghanistan. This IEE has been prepared as part of Pre-Feasibility Studies &Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces. The IEE at this pre-feasibility stage addresses the subjective environmental impacts due to construction of the proposed project and also the environmental management and monitoring aspects relating to project implementation. The project proponent is Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW).
8.2
PROJECT LOCATION
The proposed project,sites are located in the northern part of the Afghanistan covering five provinces namely, Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan province.. The list of the site along with other details such as province, latitude, longitude, village name and district are given in the table 8.1.. It can be seen that out of 22 project sites 10 sites lie in Samangan province, five sites in Faryab province, two in Balkh province, three in Saripul province and two in Jawzjan province. The elevation of the project sites range from less than 500 m to more than 2500 m aMSL
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-1
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces
S.N. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Name of Proposed Dam Shamar Quran dara
Province
District
Village
Latitude
Longtitude
Samangan Aybeek center Shalaktu Samangan Hazrat Sultan Sharik yar
36 14' 5.7" 68 13' 19" 36 25' 21" 68 9' 34.5"
BatoBaba(Quchan Samangan Dar-e- Yousif dara ) Chashma Dara Samangan Firoz Naghjir Shiraba Dam Masjet Sabz Gudara Dam Pascha Dam Shakrak Sar-e-Pul Sar-e-Pul Sar-e-Pul Balkh Faryab Faryab Faryab Jozjan Jozjan Center Sang charak Center Char Kant Kohistanat Qaisar Qaisar Darz Ab Fayz Abad
Mahadun Tur 36 13' 42.8" 68 4' 36.8" 36 29' 39.5" 67 40' 26" 36 08' 33" Masjet Sabz 35 50' 49" 66 09' 5" 66 19' 30"
35 49' 43.8" 66 22' 57.3" 36 20' 37.9" 67 26' 19.9" Bandar Nareen 35 19' 38" 64 34' 45.1" 35 47' 23" 64 20' 38" 38' 22") 21' 55") 35 35' 20.5" 64 15' 17.1" 36 0' 13.8" 65 21' 52.5" 36 29' 33" Mahadun Tur 36 0' 26" Nawaz ah wa 35 43' 50" royai 35 36' 53" Shadyan Pasha Dara Daraghzi Qarghana Royee 35 53' 09" 35 49' 34" 35 33' 0" 35 45' 08" 66 20' 42" 67 35' 7.4" 68 2' 5.24" 67 7' 54.6" 64 48' 30" 64 51' 54" 68 0' 24" 67 53' 0" 67 56' 48"
10 Yati Quluq 11 Toi Mast Dam 12 Darz Aab Dam 13 Fayz Abad Dam 14 Shah Abdullah 15 Anbar 16 Jahil Kala 17 Tangi Shadyan 18 Pasha Dara 19 Dahane Dara 20 Kol e Rehmat 21 Dara e Negaar 22 Ab e Keli
Samangan Dar-e- Yousif Samangan Royia dow Aab Samangan Upper Dar-eSof Balkh Mazar Faryab Faryab Pashtoon Kot Pashtoon Kot
36 34' 6.3" 67 8' 31"
Samangan Royee Doad Samangan Royee Doad Samangan Khuram & Sarbagh
Cloor e Baala 35 52' 22"
Table 81: Location Details of 22 identified dam sites for PFR and/or FR study
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-2
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
8.3 OBJECTIVES
The Phase 1 of assignment is aimed to formulate 22 water resources schemes comprising small to medium dams, diversion works based on pre-feasibility grading studies and investigations. These schemes are to be evaluated on a common basis using criteria that are to be evolved by the Consultant in consultation with water management department, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (IRA) and with approval of the Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW), IRA. This preliminary assessment will target schemes which are superior technically and easy to implement, which give better returns and have minimal environmental and social impacts. In the second phase, at the feasibility level, Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) will be carried out for the 10 most technically suited schemes. The brief scope of work is given below:
Review of available reports, maps and other existing literature Undertake an Initial Environmental Examination and an Initial Social Assessment to rank the 22 potential sites, at prefeasibility level Carry out the Environmental and Social Assessment, at the feasibility stage, for the 10 most technically suited sites
The main objective of the IEE is to identify the likely impacts, both positive and negative on the environment caused due to implementation of the proposed schemes. The basic objective is to minimize the negative environmental and social impacts of such development. In order to achieve this objective, all negative impacts have to be mitigated and the costs of doing so should be included in the economic analysis of the project.
Chapter-8 : IEE 8-3 WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
8.4
METHODOLOGY FOR IEE
The IEE has been prepared following the methodology laid down in the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) prepared for the Irrigation Restoration and Development (IRD) Project of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, WB Guidelines, Law on the Protection of Nature of the Government of Afghanistan, and discussions with the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA) and MEW, IRA. The experiences of other studies in preparing IEE documentation have also been reviewed. This IEE was prepared based on reconnaissance field visit and review of secondary data. This report covers the description of existing environmental conditions, subjective assessment of impacts caused by the project, recommended mitigation measures and monitoring plan for the Important Environmental Components (IECs). The environmental impacts were considered for activities that are expected to take place during pre-construction, construction and operation phases of the project. This IEE Study is the result of an intensive inter-disciplinary effort. The data from the following disciplines were reviewed and incorporated into this study.
- Climate - Geology -Seismology -Hydrology -Sociology
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-4
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
8.4
POLICY, LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
The National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA) is the prime environmental regulatory and approval authority in Afghanistan .It was constituted in 2005. The Act under which NEPA was established specifies that the proponents of any project, plan, policy or activity must submit to NEPA a preliminary Environmental Assessment, in order to allow NEPA to determine the associated potential adverse effects and possible impacts. After reviewing the preliminary assessment, NEPA can either authorize - with or without conditions the project, plan, policy or activity, provided that the potential adverse effects of the proposed activities on the environment are unlikely to be significant. Otherwise, NEPA may require the proponents to submit a detailed environmental impact statement including a comprehensive mitigation plan for its review and approval. 8.4.1 The Environment Law and the EIA Regulation for IRDP project It is envisaged that all subprojects and activities of the IRD project fall under Category 2, which comprises activities with potentially adverse, site specific impacts, primarily of non-irreversible nature. The Afghan EIA Regulation requires for Category 2 that the project proponent and owner should submit an application form and a screening report to NEPA. The documents should be meeting the agency is required technical guidelines for the screening report, i.e., description of the activities, completion of Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) to identify potential impacts and their sources and the relevant mitigation measures, public participation in the assessment process and etc. Once the application form and other relevant documents are submitted to NEPA according to the agency EIA regulation NEPA would: (i) issue a Certificate of Compliance, with or without conditions, (ii) advise the applicant in writing to review
March-2012
the technical reports and address the concern of NEPA. According to the EIA regulation NEPA would grant a Certificate of Compliance or would refuse to do so and provide written reasons for the refusal to the applicant. The EIA regulations are silent on NEPA rules during implementation of the activities and projects. The NEPA of Afghanistan is the responsible agency to give environmental clearance for various development projects. The Project components shall be in accordance with the environmental requirements of the Government of Afghanistan & World Bank Guidelines This IEE is prepared in accordance with the guidelines laid down in the ESMF prepared for the IRD Project of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, The National Environmental Impact Assessment Policy of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and WB Guidelines.
8.4.2 Environmental Policies, Laws and Regulations: The National Environmental Impact Assessment Policy 2007 of IRA indicates that a project is classified Category 1 if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented, and affects an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. A project is classified as Category 2 if its potential adverse environmental impacts on human populations or environmentally sensitive areas (e.g. wetlands, forests, grasslands and other natural habitats) are less adverse than those of Category 1 projects. These impacts are site specific, and few are irreversible. Relevant Government environmental legislative documents are as follows: -Water Law 2009 -Environmental Law 2007 -National Environmental Impact Assessment Policy 2007 -The Law on Land Expropriation 2005
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-6
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
-Law on the Preservation of Afghanistans Historical and Cultural Heritage, 2004 The -Law on Pasture and Public Land 2000
The IEE have been prepared considering these policies, rules and guidelines.
8.4.3 World Bank Guidelines
The World Banks OD 4.01 Environmental Assessment of January 1999 indicates the kind of projects which are categorized as A projects and for which a full environmental assessment (EA) is required. These projects include most of those having large population displacement impacts. Category B projects do not require a full EA but do require some environmental analysis. As the present study is a prefeasibility level investigation, an IEE is prepared. The sections most relevant to Environmental Assessment have been reviewed for the present study: OP/BP OP/BP OP OP/BP OP 4.01 4.04 4.07 4.36 4.37 Environmental Assessment Natural Habitats Water Resources Management Forestry Dam Safety
8.5.
PROJECT BENEFITS-ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
The major benefit associated with the construction of The Proposed Project is the availability of a more reliable water supply for irrigation,hydropower and domestic uses in the project area. The dam will create a reservoir which may be used for fishery and enhance the potential for increased agricultural production in the area
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-7
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
downstream of the reservoir. The Project will
improve terrestrial and aquatic
ecology, and overall biodiversity in the project impact area; stabilize irrigation systems in these district. In addition, the objectives are to improve living conditions and quality of life and to reduce poverty among people living in rural areas where water availability and access to water are matter of serious concerns. The Project will help the district to develop effective and sustainable management of irrigation and to ensure reliable distribution of water. The project will result in reduced risk of water-borne diseases with the better access to adequate potable water supply in the area.
8.6
DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
8.6.1 Physical Environment

Topography
Mountains dominate in the project area. The topography is characterized by valleys, mountains, valley margins which are insignificantly vegetative with alluvial deposits draining from the river.
Soil and Geological Characteristics The river valley is covered with flood plain deposit of thickness 1 m. The deposit consists of sub-rounded to rounded cobbles, pebbles and gravel of various igneous and sedimentary rocks in the matrix of sand and silt. Some boulders are deposited along the flood plain (photo 3.1). The hill slopes are stable and free of any major geological disturbances. Seismology
The northern, northeastern and southeastern parts of the country are characterized to have a high to very high seismic risk, while the western and central parts have a low to moderate seismic risk. The Machalgho dam site is located in the high hazard zone to the very high hazard zone according to the seismic hazard map of the country.
Climate
The climate of the project area is dry and temperate. Winter temperatures are low
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-8
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
and the temperature can go below -15C for many weeks during winter. In the project area, annual maximum monthly mean temperature is 10.9 C and the minimum is -1.1C. Climate profile of the nearby Gardez meteorological station is given in Table 8.2
Table 8.2: Climatic Condition of the Gardesh (Average of 2004-07)
Month T max oC -0.7 3.8 6.6 11 16.6 17.6 22.9 19 14.4 12.8 6.2 0 10.9 T min oC -24.5 -9 -2.6 -2.4 8.7 9 12.4 13.2 5.8 2.2 -5 -20.4 -1.1 T mean oC -12.6 -2.6 2 4.3 12.65 13.3 17.65 16.1 10.1 7.5 0.6 -10.2 4.9 Relative Humidity % 77.05 80.63 58.5 39.64 24.4 24.26 30.51 42.53 28.37 33.87 62.5 76.27 48.2 Rainfall mm 22.5 57.3 71.4 42.1 16.8 52.2 1.8 26.7 2.6 0.8 33.1 46.2 362.4
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean\Total
Annual rainfall of the project area is observed to be 362 mm. Three-fourth rainfall of the annual rainfall is occurred in the first half of the year (January to June)
Hydrology
The main source of water in the project area is Mechalghu River. The average dependable flows are 13.13 M cu m. The level of water in the rivers oscillates greatly. 70% of the flow is observed in the month of March July. The highest flow is in April and May (3.3-5.6 cumec) and the lowest flow is observed in January (1.25 cumec). To facilitate the augmentation of water, a dam has been proposed across the Mechalghu River near Wach Sakh Kala village. The catchment area of the river at the point of diversion is about 66.85 km2. 3.4 Noise No noise monitoring data is available in the project area and it is expected that noise quality will conform to international noise standards with low background noise level.
March-2012
The field visit also reveals that vehicular traffic, which is low in volume, is the main source of noise level.
High noise levels can interfere with communication, damage hearing, cause sleep deprivation, and disrupt concentration. Noise is measured logarithmically in decibels (dB). Due to its logarithmic scale, if a noise increases by 10 dB, it sounds as if the noise level has doubled. If a noise increases by 3 dB, the increase is just barely perceptible to humans. Often sound is measured as "Aweighted;" this filters out low frequency sounds which humans are unable to hear and is more indicative of the noise people actually hear. In general, the Sound Pressure Level from an outdoor noise source radiates out from the source, decreasing 6 dB per doubling of distance. Thus, a noise measured at 80 dB 50 feet away from the source will be 74 dB at 100 feet, 68 dB at 200 feet, and 62 dB at 400 feet. Mazar-e-Sharif Environmental Assessment March 29, 2007 Due to the potential for sleep disruption, loud noises between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m. are normally considered more annoying than loud noises during the day. Therefore, community noise levels are often measured by the Day-Night Average Sound Level (Ldn), which is an average of noise in a 24-hour period; however, a 10 dB penalty is added to noise between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m. In the United States, there is a goal of 55 dB for Ldn in outdoor spaces. 3.4.1 Affected Environment The area surrounding the site is rural. 3.4.2 Environmental Consequences 3.4.2.1 Construction lmpacts Dam construction would require equipment for excavation, such as backhoes, front loaders, bulldozers, and dump trucks; materials-handling equipment, such as cement mixers and cranes; and, compressors, generators, and pumps. Noise
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-10
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
generated from this type of equipment would range from 87 to 99 dBA at 30 feet (Cowan, 1994), which would be equivalent to 57 to 69 dBA at 1,000 feet. Construction is expected to temporarily increase noise levels in the vicinity. Given the distance to the nearest homes, construction noise from the dam is of no concern. Construction activities would also increase traffic on local roads. Large trucks would produce noise levels around 89 dBA at 30 feet (Cowan, 1994), which is equivalent to 77 dBA at 120 feet. 3.4.2.2 Operational lmpacts Dam construction and development would generally increase noise levels. In addition, generator use and increased traffic will contribute to noise levels. This increase would depend on many factors, including size of the park, types of facilities, use of noise control devices, number of employees, and the amount of increased traffic. However, given the distance to the nearest homes, operational noise from the dam is of no concern. Mitigation Measure: Project engineers will examine several approaches to cutting generator noise. Noise barriers and air intake silencers can provide significant noise reduction. Noise also can be cut through modifications to a generator's exhaust, intake, ventilation, enclosure and mounting. Sound attenuation baffles can be installed on the cooling air inlet and outlet. Another possible approach to reducing noise is limiting the hours of operation. When power demands drop, generator operation also may decrease. 3.5 Cultural and Historical Resources 3.5.1 Affected Environment Mazar-e-Sharif and Balkh Province have a long history of human occupation. There is, however, no record of the site hosting cultural or historical resources. 3.5.2 Environmental Consequences
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-11
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Cultural and historical resources should not be affected by construction of the proposed dam. . 3.6 Air Quality Afghanistan has not yet established its ambient air quality standard. There were no data available on ambient air quality of this area. However, air pollution does not constitute a major problem in the study area but its reliance on inexpensive energy has created some issues. Most vehicles run on diesel fuel, and household energy often relies on burning wood and other materials. As a result, air pollution in urban areas is visible and may pose health issues. Apart from wind borne dust during dust storms, ambient air quality in the project area is likely to be good based on the following characteristics: (i) all the dam sites will be situated in the rural areas or barren lands (ii) there are no industrial activities existing in the project area. In the absence of site specific air quality data, the only reliable means to assess the air quality in the project area is the clear visibility of the surrounding area. As all the dams will be situated in the rural areas having no major industry and other air polluting object in the surroundings, it can be concluded that the air quality in the project area is generally good and does not contain any materials harmful to the environment. The major factors affecting the air quality in the Project area are dust emissions from fuel combustion and brick kilns. Dust from the unpaved roads is the major source of air pollution in rural areas. Presently, unleaded petrol is sold in Afghanistan. There is hardly movement of 1 or 2 vehicle in a day on this project road because it is cart road and this is situated in rural area, so that possibility of lead pollution along the road is negligible. The project area is not characterized by any formal or informal industrial activities to
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-12
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
create considerable air pollution, but smog and heavy concentrations of airborne particulates are common phenomenon in the project influence area due to dust. Within the project areas there are no industries, so air quality is considered relatively clean.
Climate factors can affect air quality. In the project area, March and April are the wettest months at roughly 40 millimeters/month. The month of August is the driest, averaging 0 millimeters/month. The average monthly air temperature ranges from 39F in January to 90F in July. 3.6.1 Affected Environment A 2004 article highlighted some of the growing air pollution problems affecting Afghanistan (Saba, D., April 2004). Earlier, the January 2003 UNEP PostConflict Environment Assessment Report carried out air sampling at Mazar-eSharif and other sites in Afghanistan. At all sites, results indicate high amounts of dust and concentrations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Benzo-apyrene is one of the pollutants detected and is believed to increase risk of lung cancer. The highest concentrations were detected in Mazar-e-Sharif, where analyses show 13.6 Nglm3. The World Health Organization (WHO) average values for urban areas range from 1 to 10 Nglm3. 3.6.2 Environmental Consequences Temporary and intermittent air quality impacts would be associated with site preparation and construction activities. Air pollution from construction equipment, fugitive dust emissions from operation of this equipment during dry conditions, and increased traffic during construction would cause some minor and temporary air quality issues. However, the project team can use reasonable precautions to prevent fugitive dust emissions. 3.7 Water Quality
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-13
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
There is no water quality data is available in project area. Any site work on infrastructure will be consistent with applicable codes and standards. When codes and standards are in conflict, the most stringent shall apply. Further, all work shall be designed and constructed to meet all Afghanistan codes, standards and laws. In the absence of Afghanistan codes, standards and laws, internationally recognized codes, standards, and laws shall be used. 3.7.1 Affected Environment 3.7.1 .I Surface Water Mazar-e-Sharif is located in between the Rud Khana-e Shahi (Shahi River) and the Balkh River. The Balkh river, with its 18 tributaries, makes it independent of other water sources of the region. Balkh province consists of Balkh, Charbulak, Sholagra, Daulatabad, Nahri Shahi, Chimtal Shoortipa, Charkent and Mazar-e-Sharif districts. Most of the population in these districts uses water from irrigation canals as a drinking water supply. In some areas, water is supplied through shallow and deep groundwater wells. UNEP has reported that there is a considerable need to extend the city's supply network. A World Bank project is expected to reconstruct and rehabilitate the existing network only. Extending the network will require identifying groundwater resources of proper quality and quantity. 3.7.1.2 Groundwater There is a general lack of understanding about the underlying geologic conditions in the Mazar-e-Sharif region, which complicates groundwater resource management. While available information is limited, ongoing studies by several international organizations should increase the knowledge of geology and groundwater resources throughout Mazar-e-Sharif and Afghanistan. 3.7.2 Environmental Consequences
Air Quality
March-2012
8.6.2 Ecological Resources in Project Area Terrestrial Flora Project province - Paktia is one of the forest rich zones of the Afghanistan. The project area is characterized by coniferous forest, sub alpine and alpine vegetation etc. Other species are Pistachio and Archa. The following vegetation is common in project influence area Above 1,300 m there are evergreen oaks, the eastern varieties of Mediterranean forms: quercus baloot (up to 2,000-2,300 m); quercus dilatata (ca. 2,000-2,400 m); quercus semicarpifolia (up to about 2,900m). The level of coniferous forests, covering the westernmost part of the Himalayan forests, starts with pinus gerardiana, which from a height of 2,000 m, among the driest exposures, mixes with the Q. baloot, which grows in the wettest exposures. Between 2,400 and 2,700 m, when annual precipitations exceed 800 mm, the main trees are cedars (cedrus deodora) mixed with Q. semicarpifolia. Between 2,900 and 3,300 m, there are nothing but conifers, forming a mixed forest of spruce (picea smithiana), fir (abies webbiana) and pine (pinus wallichiana). formation of pistachio and almond trees (here pistacia atlanticao between ca. 1,200 and 1,800 meters) Aquatic Species and Fisheries Aquatic species in the river are mainly crab, frog, water snake etc. In the project area, no fish species are identified during the reconnaissance visit; however, detail survey will be needed at feasibility level to assess the fishery resources in the river. Wildlife Wildlife of the area identified during the reconnaissance survey may be summarized as below Reptiles: Snake, Scorpion, Spider, Pincer and Lizard Amphibians: From, Turtle, Water Snakes
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-15
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Mammals: Wolf, Rabbit, Dear, Foxes, mouse, Birds: Crow, pigeon, Falcon, Hawk, Nightingale, Duck, Wild Hen, Sicken, Swallow, Lark, Andalif. Wolf, some rabbit species, foxes, falcon, hawk, sicken, turtle species, and pincer are among rare species, and the condition of these rare species will be assessed during feasibility stage for required mitigation measures, if needed. Protected Areas Afghanistans biodiversity is similar to that of Middle East and Central Asia. Conservation of genetic resources in the country was matter of high priority before the war. In 1977 the Afghan Government established a Germ Plasm Unit in the Darul-Aman Research Station, Kabul. However, the entire establishment was destroyed during the conflict era from 1992 to 1995. 1978) Zadaran National Reserved is one of the proposed protected areas located in the south-east part of the Paktia but it is not under the project influence zone but at a distance of around 40 km from the project dam site. In the Project area there are no protected, sensitive or designated sites as such from the point of view of protected areas. Historical \ Archeological Sites There is no any monument or archeological \ historical sites in the project influence area of the Mechalghu Dam Project.
3.9 Ecology 3.9.1 Affected Environment Afghanistan is home to a wide variety of plant and animal life. A more detailed discussion can be found in Appendix B. Over 120 mammal species are found in Afghanistan. Some species have been categorized as threatened by the World Conservation Union (IUCN). The most seriously endangered are the goitered gazelle, leopard, snow leopard, markor goat, the Asiatic black bear, and Bactrian deer.
March-2012
The endangered salamander Batrachuperus mustersi does not occur near this proposed site. This amphibian is found only in streams in the Hindu Kush of Kabul Province. Over 450 bird species are found in Afghanistan. Species identified as globally threatened are the Siberian crane, white-headed duck, marbled teal, Pallas's sea-eagle, greater spotted eagle, imperial eagle, lesser kestrel, corncrake, sociable lapwing and the pale-backed pigeon. The IUCN has categorized the Siberian crane as Critically Endangered. It faces an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. The global population, estimated to contain 2,500-3,000 birds, is divided into three groups. Only a single breeding pair may remain in the central group, which formerly used wetlands in Afghanistan (and Iran) as stopover points during migration between breeding grounds in Russia and the Mazar-e-Sharif Environmental Assessment March 29, 2007 wintering area in India. In Afghanistan, the key resting site is Ab-e-Estada in Gazni Province. No aquatic species occur on the proposed industrial park site. 3.9.2 Environmental Consequences No known threatened or endangered plants have been observed or reported in the area of the proposed site. No occurrences of or suitable habitat for threatened or endangered plant species were identified during field inspections of the proposed site. Therefore, none of the proposed alternatives are expected to have impacts on threatened or endangered plant species or their habitats. The plant communities that occur on the site are common to, and representative of, Balkh Province. Although construction of the proposed facility would affect some plants, the loss is expected to be insignificant. Field surveys indicate that these vegetation communities are characterized by common and widespread species in Balkh Province that would not be adversely affected by the loss of these populations. No endangered or threatened species were identified on the site. Wildlife habitats that occur on the site are common throughout the region. Site
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-17
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
development would remove some plant habitat and displace wildlife populations that favor these habitats. Most species would find refuge in similar habitats adjacent to the site. Following development, many of these species would likely re-colonize in areas surrounding the proposed industrial park. Thus, the proposed project is not expected to result in significant adverse impacts to terrestrial animal populations of the site. Further, implementing BMPs will mitigate any potential concerns. Site development may result in an increase in populations of animals that favor recently modified habitats. Some might become a "nuisance" in the area. The proposed development of the park will not affect any aquatic habitats. 3.10 Prime Farmland, Wetlands, and Managed Areas and Recreation 3.10.1 Affected Environment Neither wetlands, prime farmland, managed areas nor recreation opportunities were identified on or in the vicinity of the proposed industrial park site. 3.10.2 Environmental Consequences There are no potential environmental consequences associated with prime farmlands, wetlands, managed areas or recreation areas. Mazar-e-Sharif Environmental Assessment March 29, 2007 3.1 1
Biological Environment The project site is occupied by a very sparse cover of low perennial shrubs (predominantly Artemesia and Acacia species) and scattered annual forbs and grasses. Currently the village members harvest shrubs and grass in the area to use as fuel wood and fodder. This practice is in
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-18
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
some cases their only livelihood, and has resulted in a severely denuded landscape. Wildlife mainly consists of smaller animals, including upland songbirds and rodents. Rodents are in fact a problem for many farmers as they destroy the walls of the irrigation canals and structures. 3.3.1 Biodiversity and Threatened or Endangered Species Biological (and socio-biological) modification of any environment tends to change the species composition of an ecological community. Afghanistan has prepared a comprehensive draft policy on conservation of species and is embodied in the Environment Act. The Act has been submitted to the Cabinet for approval. Based on conversations with local villager, there were, at one time, many types of wild animals and birds in the remote areas of Khulm District including deer, dogs, foxes, horses, jackasl, leopards, nanny (wild goat), rabbit, rams, wolves, and snakes. Wild birds such as cuckoo (fakhta), hoopoe (hototak), pigeon, quail (Budana), owl, nightingale (Bulbul), hawk (Baz), goose (Qaaz), falcon, crow, crane (kolang), and canary were also common. However, a significant decrease in the biodiversity of the area has been noted as a result of many factors including prolonged drought, conflict, increased population, poor land management, and lack of conservation mechanisms enforced by the government Wildlife and/or Rare/Endangered Species
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-19
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Although Afghanistan mandates conservation of endangered species in their Environmental Law, the government has not established a national list of threatened and endangered species. As previously noted, Afghanistan adopted the policies of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1985. No protected or endangered species listed by CITES are known to occur or have been reported in the area. Many migratory bird species may pass through the region. As such, creation or degradation of any habitat features (e.g., wetland features associated with Khoja Alghar Spring, or created wetland nutrient filters), may impact beneficially or adversely on some bird species. Siberian Cranes, traditionally migrated 5000 km southeast from Western Siberian over Afghanistan to their wintering grounds in northeast India. The wetlands used by Siberian Cranes is vital to the survival of cranes. Dasht-e Nawar and Ab-i-Estada in southern Afghanistan are among the key sites where Siberian Cranes have been reported to consistently rest during their migration. The project site does not provide a resting habitat for Siberian Cranes. The project site has traditionally provided pasture land for sheep. Grazing commonly affects plant communities through desertification and introduction of weed species when not carefully managed. Under such circumstances, biological concerns can be socioeconomically important.
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-20
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Possible biological issues at the site include: Protection of wetland resources Changes in land use from grazing to agricultural use Introduction of weeds and/or insect pests Draft 04Feb08 61 In general, the project is not likely to adversely affect endangered species. Forests/Protected Areas There are no forests or protected areas in the vicinity of the canal area. There are wetlands associated with the Chashma-e-Hayat and Khoja Alghar Springs and riverine ecosystems upstream of the project. A detailed analysis of the project site for wetlands has not been undertaken. The project has a slight potential to affect the hydrology of wetlands upstream, within, and downstream (if any) of the project site. However, it is anticipated that wetlands will not be significantly affected and will ultimately be eliminated from further detailed study. 3.3.2 Proximity to Protected Areas and Forest Resources or Unique or Sensitive Natural Habitat There are no protected areas or sensitive natural habitats in proximity of the project site. As noted, there are wetlands associated with the Khoja Alghar and Chashma-e-Hayat springs and riverine ecosystems upstream of the project. Based on our field visits to date and conversations with local farmers and government organizations, there are no wetlands within the proposed Mazar Foods project area. Therefore it is not anticipated that the project will have direct impacts on wetland
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-21
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
systems. However, analysis of hydrologic regimes will need to be conducted to ensure that upstream riparian areas are not affected by massive surface water usage and drainage. A monitoring program should be implemented to ensure that no adverse indirect impacts occur to wetland systems in the project area. 3.3.3 Proximity to Sensitive Cultural or Archeological Sites During preliminary site visits, ancient ruins was identified outside the village of Deh Hassan, north of the proposed project boundary. Although this resource is well north of the current project boundary, the proximity of the project warrants discussion in the event that project boundaries are modified. Khulm is commonly identified with the ancient town of Aornos on Alexander the Greats line of march (330-329 B.C.). Later known as Khulm, it was destroyed in the mid-16th century, the ruins of which are to the north of present day Khulm. 3.3.4
8.7
SCREENING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
In this section, potential environmental impacts have been assessed according to the magnitude on different environmental resources to project location, as related to design, during construction and regular operation. Mitigation measures have also been recommended for induced impacts. The impacts describes as, I- for insignificant, M- for moderate or S- for significant and impact duration such as, Ttemporary or P-permanent and are presented in a manner that shows magnitude and duration of a particular impact, e.g., I/T means the impact is insignificant and is
March-2012
temporary in nature. The summary of findings is presented in Table 8.3:
Table 8.3 i. Environmental and Social Parameters for Tangi Shadiyan (site no. 17) IEE Matrix No Rating of Impact Negative Smal Moderate Impact l
_
Actions (IECs) Environmental Recommended Affecting Impacts of or Mitigation Environmental on the Project Measures Resources and Values
Major + + +
+ + -
A. Environmental Issues related to Project Location Area submerged due to creation of Dam Submergence of human settlements Submergence of roads infrastructure 0 I/P None X
Nil
M/P (around 1 km)
Adequate compensation to concerned Dept., and realignment of road NIL X
X X
Loss of agricultural land from flooding Loss of historic, cultural or aesthetic features by inundations Land acquisition
Chapter-8 : IEE
None
None
8-23
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces Resettlement of households Loss of wildlife habitat 0 None X x
None
B. Environmental Issues related to Project Design Bank erosion I/T Provision of toe protection, gabions and boulder placement None X x X
Risk of breakage of embankment Seismic effect
I/M or? (Unknown effects within Project life)
The dam will be designed consistent with internationally accepted standards related to the seismic risk of the area to minimize or prevent damage to the structures during earthquakes
C. Environmental Issues during Construction Air and water pollution from construction and waste disposal I/T (Temporary localized dust pollution) Construction mobilize in summer season, select appropriate site for location of camps, provide masks to workers, dispose wastes in a x
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-24
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces designated site Deterioration of water quality in dam M/T Periodic clearance of leaf, aquatic plants and other woody vegetation Proper maintenance of machinery and plant, follow construction impact monitoring and management program checklist None Follow land use regulations, control of land use in watershed, prevention of conversion of forest / pasture to agriculture Provide helmets, gloves, dress, and other appropriate safety devices to workers, arrange periodic medical check up of workers, X X X
Disposal of oil and grease
I/T (Machinery such as, excavators, bulldozers, scrapers, tractors)
Fisheries resources Sedimentation of dam and loss of storage capacity
I/T M/P
x X
Safety of workers from accidents
I/T (Constructio n related hazards, health and site safety)
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-25
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces provision of decent housing, standard food, drinking water and sanitation Social issues Gender issue Physical impacts on cultural heritage Noise and vibration Dust, odors and fumes 0 0 0 None None None x x x
0 I/T (Fugitive emissions due to crusher operation) I/T
None Maintenance of equipment, commissionin g of cyclone in crusher Provision of settling pond
x x
Pollution of water resources
C. Environmental Issues during Operation Operation and maintenance (O&M) M/P Provision of routine maintenance; Ensure required budget for O&M Regeneration of indigenous species that support wildlife and birds Awareness of IPM and IPNM Release of optimum water x x X x
Flora and fauna
I/P
Soil Pollution from fertilizer and pesticide Downstream impacts
I/P
I/P
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-26
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces flow for ecosystem management and downstream users Movement of wildlife Croplands 0 I/P None Monitoring of crop diversification None None x x x x
Rapid melting and inflow of glaciers Gender issue
0 0
ii.
Environmental and Social Parameters for Chasma Dara (Site No. 4) Environmental Impacts of or on the Project Recommended Mitigation Measures IEE Matrix No Rating of Impact Negative Smal Moderate Impact l
_
Actions (IECs) Affecting Environmental Resources and Values
Major + + +
+ + -
A. Environmental Issues related to Project Location Area submerged due to creation of Dam Submergence of human settlements I/P None X
M/P (around 2 houses)
Adequate compensation to PAFs, for houses and alternative sites Adequate compensation to concerned
8-27
Submergence of roads infrastructure

Chapter-8 : IEE
M/P (about 200 m of road)
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces Dept., and realignment of road Loss of agricultural land and trees from flooding Loss of historic, cultural or aesthetic features by inundations Land acquisition Resettl ement of households M/P (around 1 ha) Adequate compensation to PAFs None X x
M/P (about 1 ha) M/P (about 2 houses)
Adequate compensation to PAFs Adequate compensation to PAFs and alternative houses None x
X x
Loss of wildlife habitat
B. Environmental Issues related to Project Design Bank erosion Risk of breakage of embankment Seismi c effect I/T 0 Nil Nil X X x
The dam will be designed consistent with internationally accepted standards related to the seismic risk of the area to minimize or prevent
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-28
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces damage to the structures during earthquakes C. Environmental Issues during Construction Air and water pollution from construction and waste disposal I/T (Temporary localized dust pollution) Constr uction mobilize in summer season, select appropriate site for location of camps, provide masks to workers, dispose wastes in a designated site Periodic clearance of leaf, aquatic plants and other woody vegetation Proper maintenance of machinery and plant, follow construction impact monitoring and management program checklist None X x
Deterioration of water quality in dam
M/T
Fisheries resources during summer Sedimentation of dam and loss of storage capacity
I/T
M/P
Follow land use regulations,
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-29
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces control of land use in watershed, prevention of conversion of forest / pasture to agriculture Safety of workers from accidents I/T (Constructio n related hazards, health and site safety) Provide helmets, gloves, dress, and other appropriate safety devices to workers, arrange periodic medical check up of workers, provision of decent housing, standard food, drinking water and sanitation None None None x x x X X
Social issues Gender issue Physical impacts on cultural heritage Noise and vibration Dust, odors and fumes
0 0 0
None Maintenance of equipment, commissionin g of cyclone in crusher Provision of settling pond
x x
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-30
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces C. Environmental Issues during Operation Operation and maintenance (O&M) M/P Provision of routine maintenance; Ensure required budget for O&M Regeneration of indigenous species that support wildlife and birds Awareness of IPM and IPNM Release of optimum water flow for ecosystem management and downstream users None Monitoring of crop diversification None None x x x x x x X x
Flora and fauna
I/P
I/P
I/P
Movement of wildlife Croplands
0 I/P
0 0
iii.
Environmental and Social Parameters for Bato Baba / Qachan Dara (Site No. 3) IEE Matrix Rating of Impact
Actions (IECs) Affecting Environmental
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-31
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces Resources and Values Environmental Impacts of or on the Project Recommended Mitigation Measures No Smal Negative l Impact
-
Moderate + + +
Major + +
A. Environmental Issues related to Project Location Area submerged due to creation of Dam Submergence of human settlements Submergence of roads infrastructure Loss of agricultural land from flooding Loss of historic, cultural or aesthetic features by inundations Land acquisition Resettlement of households Loss of wildlife habitat 0 I/P None X
Nil
M/P (about 500 m)
Adequate compensation to concerned Dept. Adequate compensation to PAFs None X
X X
M/P (about 1 ha on right bank) 0
M/P (About 1 ha) 0
Adequate compensation to PAPs None X x
None
B. Environmental Issues related to Project Design Bank erosion I/T None X x
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-32
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces Risk of breakage of embankment Seismic effect 0 None X
C. Environmental Issues during Construction Air and water pollution from construction and waste disposal I/T (Temporary localized dust pollution) Construction mobilize in summer season, select appropriate site for location of camps, provide masks to workers, dispose wastes in a designated site Periodic clearance of leaf, aquatic plants and other woody vegetation Proper maintenance of machinery and plant, follow X x
M/T
I/T (Machinery such as, excavators, bulldozers,
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-33
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces scrapers, tractors) construction impact monitoring and management program checklist None x
Impact on Fisheries resources Sedimentation of dam and loss of storage capacity
I/T
M/P
Follow land use regulations, control of land use in watershed, prevention of conversion of forest / pasture to agriculture Provide helmets, gloves, dress, and other appropriate safety devices to workers, arrange periodic medical check up of workers, provision of decent housing, standard food, drinking water and sanitation None None None x x x X
Social issues Gender issue Physical impacts on cultural heritage
0 0 0
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-34
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces Noise and vibration Dust, odors and fumes 0 I/T (Fugitive emissions due to crusher operation) I/T None Maintenance of equipment, commissionin g of cyclone in crusher Provision of settling pond x x
C. Environmental Issues during Operation Operation and maintenance (O&M) M/P Provision of routine maintenance; Ensure required budget for O&M Regeneration of indigenous species that support wildlife and birds Awareness of IPM and IPNM Release of optimum water flow for ecosystem management and downstream users None Monitoring of crop diversification None x x x X x X x
Flora and fauna
I/P
I/M
I/P
0 I/P
Rapid melting and
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-35
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces inflow of glaciers Gender issue 0 None x
iv.
Environmental and Social Parameters for Shamar (Site No.1) Environmental Impacts of or on the Project Recommended Mitigation Measures IEE Matrix No Rating of Impact Negative Smal Moderate Impact l
_
Major + + +
+ + -
A. Environmental Issues related to Project Location Area submerged due to creation of Dam Submergence of human settlements Submergence of roads infrastructure Loss of agricultural land from flooding Loss of historic, cultural or aesthetic features by inundations Land acquisition 0 I/P None X
Nil
M/P (about 500 m)
Adequate compensation to concerned Dept. Adequate compensation would be provided to PAFs None X
M/P
M/P (About 1 ha)
Adequate compensation would be

8-36
Chapter-8 : IEE
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces provided to PAFs Resettlement of households Loss of wildlife habitat 0 None X x
None
B. Environmental Issues related to Project Design Bank erosion Risk of breakage of embankment Seismic effect I/T 0 Nil Nil X X
C. Environmental Issues during Construction Air and water pollution from construction and waste disposal I/T (Temporary localized dust pollution) Construction mobilize in summer season, select appropriate site for location of camps, provide masks to workers, dispose wastes in a designated site x
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-37
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces Deterioration of water quality in dam M/T Periodic clearance of leaf, aquatic plants and other woody vegetation Proper maintenance of machinery and plant, follow construction impact monitoring and management program checklist None Follow land use regulations, control of land use in watershed, prevention of conversion of forest / pasture to agriculture Provide helmets, gloves, dress, and other appropriate safety devices to workers, arrange periodic medical check up of workers, provision of decent housing, standard food, drinking water and sanitation X X
I/T M/P
x X
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-38
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces Social issues Gender issue Physical impacts on cultural heritage Noise and vibration Dust, odors and fumes 0 0 0 None None None x x x
None Maintenance of equipment, commissioning of cyclone in crusher Provision of settling pond
x x
C. Environmental Issues during Operation Operation and maintenance (O&M) M/P Provision of routine maintenance; Ensure required budget for O&M Regeneration of indigenous species that support wildlife and birds I/P Awareness of IPM and IPNM Release of optimum water flow for ecosystem management and downstream users X x X x
Flora and fauna
I/P
I/P
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-39
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces Movement of wildlife Croplands 0 I/P None Monitoring of crop diversification None None x x x x
0 0
v.
Environmental and Social Parameters for Anbar / Chali Duzda (Site No. 15) Environmental Impacts of or on the Project Recommended Mitigation Measures IEE Matrix No Rating of Impact Negative Smal Moderate Impact l
_
Major + + +
+ + -
A. Environmental Issues related to Project Location Area submerged due to creation of Dam Submergence of human settlements Submergence of roads infrastructure Loss of agricultural land from flooding Loss of historic, cultural or
Chapter-8 : IEE
I/P
None
Nil
Nil
Nil
None
8-40
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces aesthetic features by inundations Land acquisition Resettlement of households Loss of wildlife habitat 0 0 None X X x
None
B. Environmental Issues related to Project Design Bank erosion Risk of breakage of embankment Seismic effect I/T 0 None None X X x
C. Environmental Issues during Construction Air and water pollution from construction and waste disposal I/T (Temporary localized dust pollution) Construction mobilize in summer season, select appropriate site for location of camps, provide masks x
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-41
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces to workers, dispose wastes in a designated site Deterioration of water quality in dam M/T Periodic clearance of leaf, aquatic plants and other woody vegetation Proper maintenance of machinery and plant, follow construction impact monitoring and management program checklist None X X
I/T
M/P
Follow land use regulations, control of land use in watershed, prevention of conversion of forest / pasture to agriculture Provide helmets, gloves, dress, and other appropriate safety devices to workers, X
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-42
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces arrange periodic medical check up of workers, provision of decent housing, standard food, drinking water and sanitation Social issues Gender issue Physical impacts on cultural heritage Noise and vibration Dust, odors and fumes 0 0 0 None None None x x x
0 I/T (Fugitive emissions due to crusher operation)
None Maintenance of equipment, commissionin g of cyclone in crusher
x x
I/T
Provision of settling pond
C. Environmental Issues during Operation Operation and maintenance (O&M) M/P Provision of routine maintenance; Ensure required budget for O&M I/P Regeneration of indigenous species that support wildlife and birds Awareness of IPM and IPNM x X x
Flora and fauna
Soil Pollution from fertilizer and
I/M
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-43
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces pesticide Downstream impacts I/P Release of optimum water flow for ecosystem management and downstream user None Monitoring of crop diversification None None x x x x x
0 I/P
0 0
vi.
Environmental and Social Parameters for Dar e Negaar (Site No. 21) Environmental Impacts of or on the Project Recommended Mitigation Measures IEE Matrix No Rating of Impact Negative Smal Moderate Impact l
_
Major + + +
+ + -
A. Environmental Issues related to Project Location Area submerged due to creation of Dam Submergence of human settlements 0 I/T None X
Nil
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-44
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces Submergence of roads and other infrastructure Loss of agricultural land from flooding Loss of historic, cultural or aesthetic features by inundations Land acquisition Resettlement of households Loss of wildlife habitat 0 Nil X
I/T
Nil
None
0 0
None None
X X x
None
The dam will be designed consistent with internationally accepted standards related to the seismic risk of the area to minimize or prevent damage to the structures during
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-45
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces earthquakes C. Environmental Issues during Construction Air and water pollution from construction and waste disposal I/T (Temporary localized dust pollution) Construction mobilize in summer season, select appropriate site for location of camps, provide masks to workers, dispose wastes in a designated site Periodic clearance of leaf, aquatic plants and other woody vegetation Proper maintenance of machinery and plant, follow construction impact monitoring and management program checklist None Follow land use regulations, control of land use in watershed, prevention of conversion of X x
M/T
I/T M/P
x X
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-46
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces forest/pasture to agriculture Safety of workers from accidents I/T (Constructio n related hazards, health and site safety) Provide helmets, gloves, dress, and other appropriate safety devices to workers, arrange periodic medical check up of workers, provision of decent housing, standard food, drinking water and sanitation None None None x x x X X
Social issues Gender issue Physical impacts on cultural heritage Noise and vibration Dust, odors and fumes
0 0 0
0 I/T (Fugitive emissions due to crusher operation)
x x
I/T
C. Environmental Issues during Operation Operation and maintenance (O&M) M/P Provision of routine maintenance; Ensure required budget for X x
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-47
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces O&M Flora and fauna I/P Regeneration of indigenous species that support wildlife and birds Awareness of IPM and IPNM Release of optimum water flow for ecosystem management and adequate compensation for existing minihydropower plant of PAFs None Monitoring of crop diversification None None x x x x x
I/P
I/P
0 I/P
0 0
vii.
Environmental and Social Parameters for Ab e Keli (Site No. 22) Environmental Impacts of or on the Project Recommended Mitigation Measures IEE Matrix No Rating of Impact Negative Smal Moderate Impact l
Major
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-48
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
_
+ + -
+ -
A. Environmental Issues related to Project Location Area submerged due to creation of Dam Submergence of human settlements Submergence of roads infrastructure P I/P None X
3 houses
I/P
Adequate compensation for road realignment due to construction of powerhouse Adequate compensation to PAPs None X
X X
Loss of agricultural land and trees from flooding Loss of historic, cultural or aesthetic features by inundations Land acquisition Resettlement of households
M/P
Adequate compensation to PAPs Adequate compensation for 3 households and alternative houses for PAFs None X x
Loss of wildlife habitat
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-49
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces B. Environmental Issues related to Project Design Bank erosion Risk of breakage of embankment Seismic effect I/T 0 None None X X x
C. Environmental Issues during Construction Air and water pollution from construction and waste disposal I/T (Temporary localized dust pollution) Construction mobilize in summer season, select appropriate site for location of camps, provide masks to workers, dispose wastes in a designated site Periodic clearance of leaf, aquatic plants and other woody vegetation Proper X x
M/T
Disposal of oil
I/T
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-50
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces and grease (Machinery such as, excavators, bulldozers, scrapers, tractors) maintenance of machinery and plant, follow construction impact monitoring and management program checklist None x
I/T
M/P
Follow land use regulations, control of land use in watershed, prevention of conversion of forest / pasture to agriculture Provide helmets, gloves, dress, and other appropriate safety devices to workers, arrange periodic medical check up of workers, provision of decent housing, standard food, drinking water and sanitation None None x x X
Social issues Gender issue
0 0
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-51
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces Physical impacts on cultural heritage Noise and vibration Dust, odors and fumes 0 None x
x x
C. Environmental Issues during Operation Operation and maintenance (O&M) M/P Provision of routine maintenance; Ensure required budget for O&M Regeneration of indigenous species that support wildlife and birds Awareness of IPM and IPNM Release of optimum water flow for ecosystem management and for downstream users None Monitor
8-52
Flora and fauna
I/P
I/M
I/P

Chapter-8 : IEE
0 I/P
x x
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces ing of crop diversification Rapid melting and inflow of glaciers Gender issue 0 0 None None x x
viii.
Environmental and Social Parameters for Quran Dara (Site No.2) Environmental Impacts of or on the Project Recommended Mitigation Measures IEE Matrix No Rating of Impact Negative Smal Moderate Impact l
_
Major + + +
+ + -
A. Environmental Issues related to Project Location Area submerged due to creation of Dam Submergence of human settlements Submergence of roads infrastructure Loss of agricultural land from flooding Loss of historic, cultural or aesthetic features by inundations
Chapter-8 : IEE
I/T
None X
Nil
Nil
Nil
None
8-53
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces Land acquisition Resettl ement of households Loss of wildlife habitat 0 0 None None X X x x
None
C. Environmental Issues during Construction Air and water pollution from construction and waste disposal I/T (Temporary localized dust pollution) Construction mobilize in summer season, select appropriate site for location of camps, provide masks to workers, dispose wastes in a designated x
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-54
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces site Deterioration of water quality in dam I/T Periodic clearance of leaf, aquatic plants and other woody vegetation Proper maintenance of machinery and plant, follow construction impact monitoring and management program checklist None Follow land use regulations, control of land use in watershed, prevention of conversion of forest/pasture to agriculture Provide helmets, gloves, dress, and other appropriate safety devices to workers, arrange periodic medical check up of workers, provision of decent X X X
I/T M/P
x X
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-55
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces housing, standard food, drinking water and sanitation Social issues Gender issue Physical impacts on cultural heritage Noise and vibration Dust, odors and fumes 0 0 0 None None None x x x
x x
C. Environmental Issues during Operation Operation and maintenance (O&M) M/P Provision of routine maintenance; Ensure required budget for O&M Regeneration of indigenous species that support wildlife and birds Awareness of IPM and IPNM Release of optimum water flow for ecosystem x x X x
Flora and fauna
I/P
I/P
I/P
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-56
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces management and downstream users Movement of wildlife Croplands 0 I/P None Monitoring of crop diversification None None x x x x
0 0
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-57
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces 8.8 INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN
8.8.1 Environmental Mitigation Institutions responsible for executing and monitoring the environmental aspects of this project are: MEW is responsible for planning, constructing, operating and maintaining EIRP in Afghanistan. The PCU in MEW is in charge of project management to ensure that the contract provisions are adhered to. PCU is responsible for environmental monitoring and management Plan also. The MEW and its provincial authorities will also undertake routine and random monitoring of specific environmental plans NEPA will be consulted if complicated issues arise during construction and operation stages. Implementation and monitoring of mitigation measures as per the Environmental Monitoring and Management Plan during the construction stage will be the responsibility of the contractor to be deployed.
B. Environmental Monitoring Program (EMP) Environmental mitigation measures will be undertaken to avoid, reduce, remedy, or compensate for an adverse effect of this project and to promote environmental benefits. The most effective form of mitigation is to have an effective project design that avoids environmental damage. Environmental monitoring is a very important aspect of environmental management during construction and operation stages of the project to safeguard the protection of environment. Compliance monitoring will be conducted in accordance with the EMP provided with this report (Table 1). Aspects to be monitored are as follows: Pre-construction phase: updating of EMP during detailed design phase and inclusion of environmental clauses in bid and contract documents. Construction phase: environmental performance of contractors with regard to control
March-2012
measures pertaining to material storage, location of work camp, noise, waste disposal, traffic management, workers safety etc. A detailed Environmental Monitoring Plan, including environmental parameters to be monitored, their frequency and cost, during construction and operation phases will be formulated during the feasibility stage. To minimize the likely deterioration of the soil quality, IPM and IPNM program will be suggested. A lump sum tentative provision of US $ 5,000 per year would be allocated for each project/scheme to cover the monitoring requirements.
8.8.2 Environmental Monitoring Program
An environmental monitoring program for the construction and operation stage of the Project will be undertaken to monitor environmental impacts of the Project. Such monitoring program will determine conditions requiring remedial measures and will assess compliance with NIPA and WB or other donors environmental safeguard policies. The contractor will be responsible for implementing the monitoring program and for preparation of monthly progress reports regarding implementation. The Project Consultant will oversee the environmental monitoring program during the construction stage and will also monitor compliance of the contractor with the implementation of required mitigation measures and contract provisions pertaining to environmental aspects. During operation, the MEW staff will implement the monitoring plan. The following parameters will be monitored. Land use pattern in the upstream/downstream Soil quality in command area SPM near construction site and labor camp
March-2012
Water quality in the barrage and downstream Sedimentation in the barrage Flora, fauna and wildlife habitat in project influence area Fisheries resources in the barrage
It is estimated that US$ 4,000 per year will be required for the environmental monitoring. 8.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING COST Tentative estimate of the environmental management cost and monitoring cost at this stage may be summarized as below:

8.10
Afforestation: 15,000 USD IPM and IPNM Program: 20,000 USD Environmental Monitoring: 40,000 USD for first 10 years Total: 75,000 USD
CONCLUSION
Findings of the IEE reveal that temporary minor negative environmental impacts are likely to occur with the construction of the Mechalghu Dam. The impacts could be in terms of the change in local hydrology of the river that can disturb the seasonal fluctuations, the deterioration of water quality, reductions in water quantities in the downstream. For such impacts no mitigation measures are required. The potential negative environmental impacts associated with the construction activities are relatively minor in comparison to the significant environmental and economic benefits resulting from project implementation. During operation stage, deterioration of soil quality in the command area is likely and mitigation measures like IPM and IPNM may minimize this impact. Further environmental monitoring proposed as per donor guideline will ensure the priori knowledge of any negative impact in advance for the corrective measures. The environmental management and monitoring cost for the project is estimated to be 75,000 USD. Finally, IEE shows, that there are no insurmountable environmental issues that should prevent the project from going ahead.
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-60
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012
Chapter-8 : IEE
8-61
WRD, WAPCOS Limited
March-2012

Chapter 8 - Iee - Draft

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Chapter 8 - Iee - Draft

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/Medium Dam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related

Structures in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

Name of Proposed Dam Shamar Quran dara

Samangan Aybeek center Shalaktu Samangan Hazrat Sultan Sharik yar

36 14' 5.7" 68 13' 19" 36 25' 21" 68 9' 34.5"

36 34' 6.3" 67 8' 31"

Cloor e Baala 35 52' 22"

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

METHODOLOGY FOR IEE

- Climate - Geology -Seismology -Hydrology -Sociology

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

POLICY, LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

8.4.3 World Bank Guidelines

PROJECT BENEFITS-ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

downstream of the reservoir. The Project will

improve terrestrial and aquatic

DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

8.6.1 Physical Environment

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

SCREENING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

temporary in nature. The summary of findings is presented in Table 8.3:

M/P (around 1 km)

Adequate compensation to concerned Dept., and realignment of road NIL X

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

Risk of breakage of embankment Seismic effect

I/M or? (Unknown effects within Project life)

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

Disposal of oil and grease

I/T (Machinery such as, excavators, bulldozers, scrapers, tractors)

Fisheries resources Sedimentation of dam and loss of storage capacity

Safety of workers from accidents

I/T (Constructio n related hazards, health and site safety)

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

0 I/T (Fugitive emissions due to crusher operation) I/T

None Maintenance of equipment, commissionin g of cyclone in crusher Provision of settling pond

Pollution of water resources

Flora and fauna

Soil Pollution from fertilizer and pesticide Downstream impacts

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

Rapid melting and inflow of glaciers Gender issue

Actions (IECs) Affecting Environmental Resources and Values

M/P (around 2 houses)

Submergence of roads infrastructure

M/P (about 200 m of road)

WRD, WAPCOS Limited

M/P (about 1 ha) M/P (about 2 houses)

Loss of wildlife habitat

I/M or? (Unknown effects within Project life)

WRD, WAPCOS Limited