Static Load Test - A Comparison of Ultimate Load Between

STATIC LOAD TEST A COMPARISON OF ULTIMATE LOAD BETWEEN
STATNAMIC AND MAINTAINED LOAD TEST
MASTURA BINTI AZMI
A project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the award of degree of Master of
Engineering (Civil-Geotechnic)
Faculty of Civil Engineering

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
MEI 2005
I hereby declare that I have read this thesis and in my opinion

this thesis is sufficient in terms of scope and quality for the
award of the degree of Master of Engineering (CivilGeotechnic)
Signature
Name of Supervisor : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Khairul Anuar b. Kassim

Date
I declare that this thesis entitled Static Load Test- A Comparison of Ultimate Load
between Statnamic and Maintained Load Test is the result of my own research except
as cited in references. The thesis has not been accepted for any degree and concurrently
submitted in candidature of any other degree.
Signature : .
Name:
Mastura Binti Azmi
Date :
26 May 2005
To everybody,
thank you so much
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Through my preparation for this project, I have met several people that gave a
lot of contribution towards this study. Many thanks to Dr. Khairul Anuar b Kassim who
has been supervised me throughout this study and thank you for all the knowledge that
you gave to me. I would also like to forward my thought to Mr. Tan Hui Hock of
Geonamics Sdn. Bhd. who has been providing me with the necessary information for
this study. I would also like to express my appreciation to Mr. Liu Chong Yew of
SPYTL who has been a great mentor to me. Without the support from these people the
thesis would not finish as this.
My sincere appreciation should also go to the peoples incharge of the projects

that I went to get my data and information. All the information are valuable for this
thesis and many thanks to you. I would also like to thank all the people involve directly
or indirectly in this thesis. Not to forget my family and friends.
ABSTRACT
This study is conducted to give a good comparison of the ultimate load between
the statnamic load test and the maintained load test. The study was done using three
methods to predict the ultimate load of statnamic load test. The three methods are the
Unloading Point Method, Matsumoto method and Simultaneous Equation method. The
statnamic and maintained load test was done on two types of bored pile that are bored
pile cast on limestone rock and bored pile cast on granite rock. The result shown in the
study gave a different outcome. From the settlement-load curves derived, the result for
the comparison of statnamic and maintained load test for bored pile cast on limestone
gave an almost similar result. Thus, it can be said that the result for both statnamic and
maintained load test can be used to determine the ultimate capacity of the pile. Where
else, the result for bored pile cast on granite rock gave a very large difference due to
large difference of length for the two bored pile. Therefore, it can be conclude that the
result for this study on comparison of statnamic load test and maintained load test for
bored pile cast on granite can not be used.
ABSTRAK
Projek ini dijalankan untuk memcari perbandingan kekuatan maksima di antara

ujian beban statnamic dan ujian beban tertahan. Projek ini dijalankan menggunakan 3
kaedah berbeza bagi menentukan beban maksima dari ujian beban statnamic. 3 kaedah
itu adalah kaedah pembebanan titik, kaedah Matsumoto dan kaedah penyelesaian
persamaan serentak. Ujian statnamic dan beban tertahan telah dilakukan ke atas dua
jenis bored pile iaitu cerucuk yang ditanam di atas batuan kapur dan di atas batuan
granit. Ujian telah memberikan keputusan yang berbeza. Bagi keputusan ujian statnamic
dan beban tertahan ke atas cerucuk di atas batuan kapur memberikan hasil yang lebih
kurang sama tetapi bagi cerucuk yang terletak di atas batuan granit tidak. Ini
berkemungkinan di sebabkan oleh perbezaan kedalaman yang sangat ketara. Oleh itu,
bolehlah dikatakan bahawa perbandingan bagi ujian statnamic dan ujian beban tertahan
bagi cerucuk yang dikorek di atas batuan granit bagi projek adalah gagal dan tidak boleh
dibandingkan.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
TITLE
PAGE
ORGANISATION OF THESIS
Thesis Status Declaration
Declaration
Supervisors declaration
Declaration of originality
ii
Dedication
iii
Acknowledgement
iv
Abstract
Abstrak
vi
Table of Content
vii
List of Tables
xi
List of Figures
xii
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Objectives
1.2
Scopes
1.3
Problem Statement
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Site Investigation
2.1.1 Planning
2.1.2 Depth of Exploration
2.1.3 Groundwater Condition
2.1.4 Sampling, in-situ testing and lab testing
Basic Piling Methods
10
2.2.1 Pile Types
10
2.2
2.2.1.1 Non-displacement piles

2.2.1.1.1
Bored cast-in-place
2.2.1.1.2
Small-diameter
11
12
Percussion bored-castIn-situ piles

2.2.1.1.3
13
Large-diameter
Percussion bored pile 14
2.2.1.1.4
Rotary bored cast-in

-place pile
15
2.2.1.2 Pile formation with rotary

Boring equipment
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
17
2.2.1.3 Boring and Concreting
18
2.2.2 Concrete mixes for bored piles
19
2.2.3 Reinforcement for bored piles
21
2.2.4 Excavation using a bentonite suspension
21
Pile Testing
22
2.3.1 Introduction
22
Load Testing of Piles
24
2.4.1 General
24
2.4.2 Test equipment
25
2.4.3 Load application and measurement
26
2.4.3.1 Measurement of settlement
27
Pile Load Test Procedure
27
2.5.1 Maintained load test
28
Interpretation of the results
29
2.6.1 Load-settlement curves
29
2.6.2 Estimation of ultimate load
30
2.7
2.6.3 Settlement criteria
30
Statnamic test
31
2.7.1 Introduction
31
2.7.2 Development of statnamic
33
2.7.3 Basic concept of statnamic
33
2.7.4 Application of statnamic test
35
2.7.5 Statnamic theory
36
2.7.5.1 Load duration
36
2.8
Stress Wave Analysis
37
2.9
Pyrotechnics
38
2.10
Data Acquisition
40
2.11
Statnamic Assembly
41
2.12
The Result
43
2.13
Statnamic compared to dynamic and static loading 43
2.14
2.13.1 Dynamic testing
43
2.13.2 Static Testing
44
Soil Types
44
2.14.1 Elementary rock classification
44
3.14.2 Stratigraphy
48
3.14.2 Hardness
48
3.14.3 Defects in rock
49
2.14.4 Uniaxial compressive strength
50
2.14.5 Rock mass classification
51
METHODOLOGY
52
3.1
Statnamic test
52
3.2
Assembly of statnamic test equipment
53
3.3
Data Acquisition
63
DATA ANALYSIS
64
4.1
Interpretation of statnamic pile load test results
64
4.1.1 Unloading point method
67
4.1.2 Matsumoto method
68
4.1.3 Simultaneous equation method
69
Interpretation of maintained load test data
70
4.2
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
71
5.1
Results for bored pile on limestone rock
71
5.2
Results for bored pile on granite rock
78
5.3
Conclusions
85
REFERENCES
86
APPENDICES
Appendix 1
89
Appendix 2
91
Appendix 3
93
Appendix 4
100
Appendix 5
114
Appendix 6
128
Appendix 7
135
Appendix 8
142
Appendix 9
157
Appendix 10
172
LIST OF TABLES
TABLES NO
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
Typical in-situ tests and their application to pile design
2.2
Recommended concrete slumps for cast- in- place pile
20
2.3
Schematic classification of igneous rock
45
2.4
Schematic classification of sedimentary rocks
47
2.5
Rock quality
51
5.1
Results for the statnamic test and maintained load test

for bored pile cast on limestone rock
5.2
72
Results for the statnamic test and maintained load test for
bored pile cast on granite rock
78
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES
TITLE
PAGE
NO
2.1
The unloading-point model
38
2.2
Statnamic devices assembly
42
3.1
Installation of piston and oil application
54
3.2
Piston and oil installation
54
3.3
Ignition system
55
3.4
Fuel cage
55
3.5
Loading of statnamic fuel
56
3.6
Closing of the piston
56
3.7
Installation of base plate
57
3.8
Installation of cylinder
57
3.9
58
3.10
Installation of weight
58
3.11
59
3.12
59
3.13
After installation of weight mass
60
3.14
Placing the gravel structure non-supporting panels
60
3.15
Closing of the structure panels and installation of gravel
61
3.16
Portable computer and data logging device
61
3.17
Cell laser source
62
3.18
After testing
62
4.1
Modelling of pie and soil during statnamic loading
5.1
Results for statnamic test using Unloading Point method

for Limestone rock
73
5.2
Results for statnamic test using Matsumoto method

for Limestone rock
5.3
74
Results for statnamic test using Simultaneous Equation

method for Limestone rock
75
5.4
Results for maintained load test for Limestone rock
76
5.5
Results for statnamic test using 3 methods and

maintained load test (3rd cycle) for Limestone rock
5.6

for Granite rock
5.7
80

for Granite rock
5.8
77
81
Results for statnamic test using Simultaneous

Equation method for Granite rock
82
5.9
Results for maintained load test for Granite rock
83
5.10

maintained load test (2nd cycle) for Granite rock
84
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES
TITLE
PAGE
NO
2.1
The unloading-point model
38
2.2
Statnamic devices assembly
42
3.1
Installation of piston and oil application
54
3.2
Piston and oil installation
54
3.3
Ignition system
55
3.4
Fuel cage
55
3.5
Loading of statnamic fuel
56
3.6
Closing of the piston
56
3.7
Installation of base plate
57
3.8
57
3.9
58
3.10
58
3.11
59
3.12
59
3.13
After installation of weight mass
60
3.14
Placing the gravel structure non-supporting panels
60
3.15
Closing of the structure panels and installation of gravel
61
3.16
Portable computer and data logging device
61
3.17
Cell laser source
62
3.18
After testing
62
4.1
Modelling of pie and soil during statnamic loading
5.1

for Limestone rock
73
5.4

for Limestone rock
5.5
74
Results for statnamic test using Simultaneous Equation

method for Limestone rock
75
5.4
Results for maintained load test for Limestone rock
76
5.5

maintained load test (3rd cycle) for Limestone rock
5.9

for Granite rock
5.10
80

for Granite rock
5.11
77
81
Results for statnamic test using Simultaneous

Equation method for Granite rock
82
5.9
Results for maintained load test for Granite rock
83
5.10

maintained load test (2nd cycle) for Granite rock
84
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
In every construction, foundation is one of the vital component that need a lot of
attention whether in design or in construction. Choosing the correct foundation for a
certain project is important to ensure a stable and longer life span of the structure.
History shows that the usage of foundation in a structure is not new as it has been long
use since man starts built a structure. Until now, there are a lot of efforts to increase the
potency of foundation. This effort can also be seen with the introduction of variety of
testing that would be suitable to see the effectiveness of foundation use. One of the study
use in foundation especially pile foundation is static loading. There are several tests that
can be used including statnamic load testing. This method is not new in construction
engineering and been used in the west countries since 1988. The Statnamic test has now
gained some attention in local construction since it has been used in 1994. Therefore, a
study is needed in ensuring that this test can be used effectively in our construction
industry
2
1.1
Objectives
The objectives that would be achieved in this study are:
i.
The advantages and the disadvantages of the statnamic load test compared to
the ordinary maintained load test.
ii.
A comparison between the statnamic loading test and the typical maintained
load test based on the settlement result and the ultimate bearing capacity of
pile.
iii.
A comparison between the statnamic load test and the maintained load test
based on different types of soils.
1.2
Scopes
The scopes of this study are:
i.
To compare statnamic test result on bored pile size 750mm diameter with
maintained load test result on bored pile size 1050mm diameter cast on
limestone rock.
ii.
To compare the statnamic test result and maintained load test result on bored
pile cast on limestone rock based on three methods of calculation (Unloading
Point method, Matsumoto method and Simultaneous Equation method).
iii.
To compare statnamic test result on bored pile size 1800mm diameter with
maintained load test result on bored pile size 1200mm diameter cast on
granite rock.
iv.
To compare the statnamic test result and maintained load test result on bored
pile cast on granite rock based on three methods of calculation (Unloading
Point method, Matsumoto method and Simultaneous Equation method).
1.3
Problem statement
Although the usage of foundation especially the pile foundation is not new in the
construction industry the people still not satisfy with the outcome of it. The introduction
of latest testing devices shows that people still trying to find the most accurate way in
predicting the pile behaviour. Typically several tests will be done for pile to show the
integrity of the pile and its capacity. This prediction can ensure that the design of the pile
meet the requirement needed for the use of the structure.
For capacity load testing of pile, several tests can be used in determining the pile
capacity. The typical static load test that can show pile capacity and its settlement is the
maintained load test or kentledge load test. This test gives an accurate result of the pile
capacity and its settlement. Although this test gives a nearly perfect result of the pile
behaviour but it does have several limitations such as long test time and it required a 24hour close monitoring of the test.
In order to overcome this problem, several choices of tests that would give
almost the same result as the ordinary maintained load test have been introduced
4
including the statnamic load test. This test has actually been used in the European
countries since 1988 and has gained a lot of reputation on it. This statnamic load test
already came to Malaysia in 1994 and has been used in a lot of projects in the country.
Although it has been almost 11 years since it been introduced here but there are
least studies been carried out in comparing the statnamic load test to the ordinary
maintained load test. Therefore, this study will be conducted to compare the statnamic
load test to the ordinary maintained load test based on Malaysia condition.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
In each project, piling would be one of the essential parts that need to be
monitored and carefully designed. There are several things that need to be included in
choosing the right pile for the project. These include the site investigation of the project,
the method of taking the sample of soil, the tests that related in determining the correct
piling and the suitable choice of piling.
Based on Fuller (1983), under certain conditions, the inspection or engineering

control of pile installations should be very comprehensive and cover all aspects from
pile material to final installation, including equipment and pile load testing. In this
literature review, the study will be focused in determining the suitable pile based on
ground and fundamental study. Although the steps are almost the same for every
construction but the procedure of choosing the correct piles would differ for each
construction related to the soil condition and the purpose of each project. Therefore, in
this literature review, an introduction on site investigation, types of pile and types of pile
testing will be discussed.
2.1
Site Investigation
2.1.1
Planning
The planning of a site investigation for piling works is essentially similar to that
for shallow foundations, apart from the obvious requirement for greater depth of
exploration. The main additional factors that should be considered are the practical
aspects of pile installation.
Based on Fleming et al (1992), The first stage in planning a site investigation

comprises a desk study of the available information. This subject is comprehensively
discussed in BS 5930 (1981). The second stage should include a site inspection in order
to confirm, as far as is possible, the data collected during the desk study, and to make as
many additional preliminary observations as possible.
The investigation should take into account details of foundation design if known,
including the tolerance of the structure to settlement, since this can dictate the extent of
the investigation. Where these details are unknown it is important that the exploratory
work provides sufficient information to permits decisions concerning the type of
foundation, as well as the actual foundation design to be made. The major requirement
of the investigation in terms of the design is to provide comprehensive information over
the full depth of the propose foundations and well below any possible pile toe level. This
is necessary to permit flexibility in the pile design and to be certain that the anticipated
strata thickness exist.
2.1.2
Depth of exploration
Fleming et al (1992) tells that the extent of the exploration is not limited solely
by the zone of influence caused by the loaded piles, but is depend on other factors such
as considerations of general stability, the necessity to understand the overall
groundwater regime, highly heterogeneous soil conditions or the effects of piling on
adjacent structures. The zone of influence is a good starting point, since it quantifies to
some degree the lateral and vertical extent of the stressed zone.
Where piles are to be founded in a bearing stratum of limited thickness (such as a

gravel layer overlying clay) it is essential that the large number of bores or probing are
employed possibly spaced on a close grid, to determine whether the bearing stratum
thickness and level is maintained over the proposed area of loading. In these cases,
detailed exploration may be restricted to a limited number of locations, permitting the
calibration of a lower cost penetration method, which may be used to provide the
necessary coverage. It is important in this situation that the competence of the
underlying stratum to sustain the transmitted stresses is established. Where piles are to
be founded in a rock-bearing stratum, the likely variability of rock-head level should be
assessed from a geological point of view and the investigation should be sufficient to
establish rock-head contours in adequate detail and to obtain profiles strength and
weathering.
2.1.3
Groundwater conditions
The investigation of groundwater conditions is particularly important to piling

works. The findings may influence the choice of pile type and it is essential that the
piling contractors has the data necessary to assess the rate of water inflow that may
occur during the installation of conventional bored piles.
Observations of the ingress of water including the levels at which water seeps
and collects should be made and noted on the site investigation logs in such a way that
they may be related to the casing and borehole depths. These water level observations
8
will be unlikely to reflect the true hydrostatic conditions, but the information is of use to
piling contractors tendering for bored or drilled piles.
2.1.4
Sampling, in-situ testing and laboratory testing
In certain respects, decisions regarding the optimum program of sampling and

testing may only be made after some knowledge of the ground conditions at the site has
been gained, and some conclusions regarding the possible piling alternatives have been
reached. This situation emphasizes the need for a flexible approach and the value of
preliminary studies to facilitate the initial assessment. In many cases, the selection of a
suitable pile type is controlled by external factors such as cost, vibration or noise level,
and there is no simple way to relate pile type to the prevailing soil and groundwater
conditions.
Fleming et al (1992) stated that some situations may arise where special tests may
be required or the intensity of sampling or testing may have to be increased to provide
sufficient data on particular aspects. Such an approach would be very much dependent
on the costs involved in the additional exploration compared with the costs of deeper, or
larger (possibly over-conservative) pile foundations. Table 2.1 summarizes typical insitu tests, which can be carried out and their application to pile design.
In-situ test
Application to pile design
Vane test
For measurement of in-situ undrained strength in soft to

firm clays. Results may be applied to the estimation of
down drag on a pile shaft. The remolded strength of
9
sensitive clays may be relevant to overall stability problems
associated with pile driving in soft clays.
Standard penetration test
Investigation of thickness of bearing strata. Direct
(SPT)
application of N value in empirical formulae for pile load

capacity. Estimation of the angle of friction , in granular
deposits, for use in pile design. Crude estimates of
cohesions in stiff clays or matrix dominant fills. A tentative
relationship between N value and modulus for use in
pile/soil systems has been proposed.
Static cone test
Direct application of sleeve friction and point resistance to

the design of driven piles. Estimation of the shear strength
of clays and production of detailed soil profiles.
Pressuremeter
Estimates the modulus of soil for possible application in pile

design, but results may not be strictly appropriate. Estimates
of shear strength in weak rock.
Stressprobe
Gives a measure of the undrained shear strength of stiff
pressuremeter
clays and especially developed for over-water use.
Plate bearing tests
Gives shear strength and modulus in all soil types. The
(over a range of depths)
shear strength parameters are highly relevant to pile design,

as similar volumes of soil stressed.
Simple permeability tests
For estimation of flow in permeable gravels or fissured

rock. This may be a factor relevant to the selection of pile
type. The tests can also be used in weak rock, to indicate
highly fissured or fractured zones.
Table 2.1: Typical in-situ tests and their application to pile design
2.2
Basic piling methods
The two basic methods of installing piles are well known, namely driving them into
the ground, or excavation of the ground, usually by boring, and filling the void with
concrete. Typical of this type of development are methods, which involve the
10
combination of driven and bored techniques. To install these piles, a casing is driven
into the ground, followed by in-situ concreting. Other more specialized techniques exist,
such as the injection of grout into the ground. Within each category, variations exist
associated with the particular proprietary method in use.
2.2.1
Pile types
Regarding to Fleming et al (1992), in order to categorize the various types of pile

and their method of installation, a simple division into driven or bored piles is often
employed. This is adequate in many situations, but does not satisfactorily cope with the
many hybrid types of pile in use. A more rigorous division into displacement or nondisplacement piles overcomes this difficulty. In the displacement (generally driven)
pile, soil is moved radially as the pile shaft enters the ground. There may also be a
component of movement of the soil in the vertical direction. Granular soils tend to
become compacted by the displacement process, and clay soils may heave, there being
little immediate volume change as the clay is displaced.
Piles of relatively small cross-sectional area, such as H section piles, are termed
low displacement piles, and the effects of compaction or soil heave are reduced. This
can be advantageous if long lengths of pile are to be driven through granular deposits, or
if the piles are at close centers, or if clay heaves is a problem. If non-displacement
(generally bored) pile, lateral stresses in the ground are reduced during excavation and
only partly reinstated by concreting.
Fleming et al (1992) also stated that the displacement of the soil by a pile during
installation is therefore a fundamental property, and its recognition in any classification
of pile type is clearly advantageous. Little-used types such as screw piles can also be
11
covered by the (low) displacement classification, whereas they could not be correctly
term driven piles. The two main categories of pile types may be classified further
according to whether performed units are used, and whether the performed unit is used
as temporary support for the ground and withdrawn during concreting. For nondisplacement piles, factors such as pile diameter and under reaming are introduced to the
classification, as they have a bearing on the method of installation, and particularly in
the type of plant employed.
2.2.1.1 Non-displacement piles
Based on Fleming et al (1992), the excavation of a borehole in the ground, a pile

can be produced by casting concrete in the void. Some soils, such as stiff clays, are
particularly amenable to the information of piles in this way, since the borehole walls do
not require support, except close to the ground. In unstable ground, such as gravels, the
ground requires temporary support, from casing or bentonite slurry. Alternatively, the
casing may be permanent, but driven into a hole which is bored as the casing is
advanced. A different technique, which is still essentially non-displacement, is to intrude
a grout or a concrete from an auger which is rotated into a granular soil, and hence
produce a grouted column of soil. The three non-displacement methods are therefore
i.
Bored cast-in-place piles
ii.
Partially preformed piles
iii.
Grout or concrete intruded piles
Particularly in pile types (i) and (ii), little or even negative soil displacement occurs
during boring, and indeed, granular deposits may be loosened by the boring action. This
is in contrast to a displacement pile, which produces (sometime beneficial) ground
12
compaction in granular deposits. On the other hand, the rough and irregular interface
between the pile and the soil that is formed during the boring action tends to improve
load transfer, and the difference in skin friction between the two types is less than it
might be. In type (iii) the auger is usually made to run full throughout the process, and
relaxation of the walls of the bore may be inhibited.
2.2.1.1.1
Bored cast-in-place piles
The range of pile sizes and hence design loads is considerable for this form of
pile. The excavation process generally (but not exclusively) produces a borehole of
circular cross-section, and piles are referred to as small-diameter when less than 600
mm, and large-diameter when greater than this nominal size. The smaller diameter piles
tend to be bored by tripod rigs employing percussion methods, and larger size by rotary
or percussive grabbing methods. Nominal diameters (mm) for bored piles are as follows:
2.2.1.1.2
i.
300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600 (small-diameter)
ii.
750, 900, 2050, 1200, 1350, 1500, 1800, 2100 (large-diameter)
Small-diameter percussion bored cast-in-place piles
In this type of pile, the boreholes are formed by rigs that is similar to those
employed for site investigation, using equivalent techniques. The tripods and equipment
are heavier, however, and minimum pile diameters start at around 300 mm, which is
13
about the maximum for a site investigation borehole. The percussion tools and screwed
casing are very similar. In cohesive soils, a clay cutter is used, often weighted to
improve penetration. Tripod rigs are light and easily transported and are therefore very
suitable for work on small sites or amongst existing buildings, or even inside buildings.
Short rigs can be used in limited headroom with a slight loss in efficiency. Very little
site preparation is required.
In granular soils, the possibility of removal of material from around the bore can
lead to undermining of adjacent footings, and greater care is necessary. During boring
for a pile the temporary casing may be advanced to considerable depths, and the single
line pull of the winch is then inadequate to extract it.
In granular soils, a shell is used for boring. This comprises a heavy tube with a
flap valve at its base with an open top. The removal of soil by a shell relies on water
being present. Dropping a shell into the a granular soil below the water table causes the
flap at the base to open, the flap closing as the shell is raised. Spoil from the shelling
action is simply tipped out at the surface by up-ending the shell. There is a danger during
shelling that the soil may be over-loosened and material drawn from the sides of the
bore, and in extreme cases, the shell may become buried below the casing. To prevent
this over-break, the temporary casing should be advanced by driving it into the ground
as the borehole advances.
With a long length of heavy casing in loose sandy gravels, it is possible for rapid
shelling action to so loosen the ground that the casing falls under its own weight. Whilst
rapid progress is achieved, there is always a risk of over-break by this means, and the
ground is loosened around the bore to a significant degree. It is important that a positive
head of water is kept in the pile bore when boring through granular deposits to minimize
the loosening effect, and to prevent piping up the pile bore. Water may have to be added
in order to achieve this.
14
2.2.1.1.3
Large-diameter percussion bored piles
Fleming et al (1992) stated that, large-diameter percussion bored piling

equipment is well suited to the penetration of hard strata, which may include weak
sedimentary rock. Where casing is advanced as the drilling proceeds, as with Benoto
system, unstable strata are supported and may be interspersed with harder strata. Semirotary down-hole percussive hammer rigs, of the type used for well boring are now
available in sizes which approached those of large-diameter piles. This equipment does
not handle casing, and a separate reaming and casing operation may be necessary using
an attendant auger rig. However, the plant will bore through weak rock with little
difficulty and in certain circumstances may be suitable for forming deep rock sockets for
example.
The boring machine is mounted on a wheeled or skid-equipped chassis and

employs an oscillatory drive to achieve casing penetration. The casing is sectional, but
because of the semi-rotary driving action, is not screwed together, but employs a flush
quick-action circumferential joint within the twin-walled casing thickness. The boring
tube has a hardened cutting edge and is hydraulically clamped in a collar which
transmits the semi-rotary action and vertical motion provided by hydraulic rams. Other
impact equipment can be used to break through particularly hard ground. The ability of
the machine to penetrate hard ground makes it especially suitable for secant piled walls,
in which each pile overlaps its neighbour by about 10% of the pile diameter. The piles
are reinforced and concreted in the usual way, the casing being hydraulically jacked out
of the ground during concreting. Piles up to around 40 m in length can be formed at a
rake of up to 1 in 5, although in some ground conditions the full depth may not be
possible. Working loads are 200 to 500 tones in suitable ground for pile diameters of
between 670 and 1200 mm respectively.
15
2.2.1.1.4
Rotary bored cast-in-place piles
The majority of large-diameter piles are bored using rotary methods, generally
by augers in the UK, although in other parts of the world, such as the US, large-diameter
drilling plant is more commonly used to construct caisson piles.
The augering plant is usually crane- or lorry-mounted, with a power pack to

drive a ring gear within a rotary drilling table which is fixed to the crane base. The main
advantage of lorry-mounted rigs is the ease of transport between sites, but this is at the
expense of maneuverability on confined sites. The crane-mounted rigs are costly to
transport, but are better able to move between pile positions on uneven sites. A number
of manufacturers produce complete rotary boring rigs, such as Bachy Bauer, Soilmec,
BSP or Casagrande. Other companies offer crane attachments, for fitting to a standard
machine.
In operation, the auger is driven from the ring gear at the drilling table via a
sliding square or keyed circular sectioned Kelly bar, which may be telescopic for deep
boreholes. The auger and Kelly bar are suspended from the crane winch rope. An
attendant crane is generally necessary for handling temporary casing, except with some
specially developed rigs, usually for the smaller diameter piles, which can handle the
casing from a second winch line and double cathead.
The usual crane-mounted auger will bore to a diameter of at least 3000 mm.
Depths of boring vary from around 25 m from cased auger rigs to as much as 60 m for
the larger crane-based auger rigs, with telescopic, triple extension Kelly bars. Typical
design loads vary from 1 to 20 MN, in suitable ground conditions.
16
Special feature of auger bored piles which is sometimes used is the underream,
which enables the bearing capacity of suitable strata to be exploited by providing an
enlarged base. The soil has to be capable of standing open unsupported to employ this
technique, and stiff to hard clays, such as the London clay, are ideal. For large-diameter
deep drilling of pile bores in weak sedimentary rocks augers may not be suitable, and a
core barrel or rock roller bit is employed. High capacity drilling tables are mounted on
heavy base cranes, and air or direct circulation water flush drilling employed.
Core barrels are fitted with a calyx basket to collect cuttings above the core
barrel and have tungsten carbide cutting bits. Core barrels are typically up to 2 m in
diameter, and rock rollers in excess of 3 m are available, although these large sizes are
rarely used.
2.2.1.2 Pile formation with rotary boring equipment
The upper portion of a pile bore is likely to be in loose or weak ground, and
some form of temporary support is then necessary. It is usual for a steel casing to be
employed for this, even when the remainder of the bore is made under the stabilizing
action of a bentonite suspension. The temporary casing also seals off water below the
water table in permeable ground.
Shallow, dry, granular deposits are loosened by the auger, and will generally
stand open long enough for a short length of casing to be inserted. To advance the bore
further in granular soils, the auger can be used to loosen the soil, followed by driving the
casing with a drop hammer. Alternatively, the casing can be advanced with a hydraulic
casing vibrator suspended from the attendant crane. The process can be made more
efficient in some instances by adding bentonite powder to the granular soil, and
mudding in. Water may be also need to be added. The effect is to produce a column of
17
loosened soil with a stable-walled bore through which the casing can be driven more
easily to depths of about 10 m. A casing vibrator can increase the depth of insertion to
around 25 m. Casagrande casing oscillators provide an alternative means of installing
casing. At the level of an impermeable soil, such as stiff clay, the casing can be forced
into the ground to form a seal against entry of water by crowding action. The crowd
force is applied via the Kelly bar by clamps gripping the casing and applying an axial
thrust via retracting hydraulic rams against the reaction of the rig.
18
2.2.1.3 Boring and concreting
Concreting in dry bores is usually a straightforward procedure. On completion

of the borehole, the reinforcement is placed with suitable spacers to locate it centrally in
the bore. When poring concrete in a dry vertical bore, a hopper and tube should be used
to ensure that the mix is not directed towards the reinforcement. In raking piles, a chute
may be required or a first charge of grout placed.
Any sudden drop in concrete level as the casing is withdrawn should be noted.
This would probably indicate a zone of over-break; it is possible in certain
circumstances for intermixing of soil, water and concrete to take place. This occurrence
is sometimes accompanied by a loss or distortion of pile reinforcement, the steel cage
being carried downwards and outwards at the overbreak zone. To prevent this, boring
ahead of the pile casing in unstable ground should be avoided. It is often the casing-off
of such zones overbreak that leads to conditions which produce contaminated concrete
on the pile shaft a feature sometimes mistakenly ascribed to the cross-flow of
groundwater.
In weaker soils, it is possible for the fluid pressure of the wet concrete in the pile
bore to fail the soil, and a slump occurs with a bulge in the pile shaft. A critical
undrained cohesion of around 15 kN/m2 has been observed to the result in this effect.
The possibility of soil failure from this cause can be lessened by pulling the casing at a
steady rate, rather than in short rapid pulls, and limiting the head of concrete in the
casing, provided this can be done without risk of the concrete slumping below the
bottom of the casing in the bore.
19
2.2.1.3.1
Boring and concreting in water-bearing ground
In stratigraphic succession in which water-bearing gravel overlies stiff clay, the

temporary casing is used to support the borehole through the gravel, and is then driven a
short distance into the clay in order to seal off the water. Boring then continues under
dry conditions. This may not always be possible, and the base of the pile may be in
granular deposit below the water table. The tremie method of concreting is then
employed. This is the practical method of forming a pile shaft provided certain
precautions are taken. It is essential that a total collapse slump mix is used (greater than
175mm), and that the tremie pipe is always well below the water/concrete interface
during the concreting. The tremie pipe and hopper connections should be watertight and
in clean condition to permit free flow of the concrete. A minimum internal diameter for
the tremie pipe of 150mm is suggested for use with concrete having maximum aggregate
size of 20mm, increasing for larger aggregates.
2.2.2
Concrete mixes for bored piles
The integrity of the pile shaft is of paramount importance, and the concreting
mixes and methods that have evolved for bored piles are directed towards this, as
opposed to the high-strength concrete necessary for pre-cast piles or structural work
above ground.
Based on Fleming et al (1992), this prerequisite has led to the adoption of highly
workable mixes, and the total collapse mix for tremied piles has been mentioned. In
order to ensure that the concrete flows between the reinforcing bars to ease, and into the
interstices of the soil, a high-slump, self-compacting mix is called for. Minimum cement
20
content of 300 kg/m3 is generally employed, increasing to 400 kg/m3 at slumps greater
than 150mm, with a corresponding increase in fine aggregate content to maintain the
cohesion of the mix. Three mixes recommended by the Federation of Piling Specialists
are given in Table 2.2
Piling mix
Typical slump
Conditions of use
(mm)
A
125
Poured into water-free unlined bore.

Widely spaced leaving ample room
for free movement of concrete
between bars.
150
Where reinforcement is not spaced

widely enough to give free movement
of concrete between bars. Where cutoff level of concrete is within casing.
Where pile diameter is < 600 mm.
> 175
Where concrete is to be placed by

tremie under water or bentonite in
slurry.
Table 2.2: Recommended concrete slumps for cast-in-place piles
21
2.2.3
Reinforcement for bored piles
For piles loaded in compression alone, it is only necessary to reinforce the shaft
to a depth of 2m greater than the depth of temporary casing, to prevent any tendency for
concrete lifting when pulling the casing. Piles subject to tension or lateral forces and
eccentric loading (possibly by being out of position or out of plumb) require suitable
reinforcement designed to cope with these forces. Nominal reinforcement for piles in
compression only would comprise say four 12mm diameter bars for a 400mm diameter
pile to five 16mm diameter bars for a 550mm diameter pile. A special cage of 5mm
steel, or hoops of flat steel, is employed as lateral ties. The assembled cage should be
sufficiently strong to sustain lifting and lowering into the pile bore without permanent
distortion or displacement of bars. Bars should not be so densely packed that concrete
aggregate cannot pass freely between them, and hoop reinforcement is not recommended
at closer than 100mm centers. It is frequently necessary to lap bars in long piles, and it is
here that trouble can arise, with aggregate blocking at the laps and preventing concrete
flowing to the boreholes walls.
2.2.4
Excavation using a bentonite suspension
A method of borehole wall support developed from slurry trench techniques is

the use of a bentonite suspension. Where pile bores are required to penetrate
considerable depths of unstable soil, the installation of long lengths of temporary casing
is a time-consuming process.
Fleming et al (1992) stated that by employing a bentonite suspension of around

6% by weight bentonite, the borehole walls may be effectively supported, provided there
22
is a positive head of bentonite slurry above the groundwater table of at least 1.5m. in
permeable granular soils, there is an initial flow of slurry into the borehole wall, where a
filter cake rapidly builds up which then prevents further flow, and the excess
hydrostatic pressure in the borehole supports the ground. An additional benefit is the
holding in suspension of fine detritus from the boring operations.
Concreting is carried out by the tremie method, using concrete with a slump in
excess of 175mm. With clean bentonite slurry in the bore, the suspension is effectively
scoured and displaced by the fluid concrete. No decrease in pile adhesion has been
observed in properly constructed bentonite piles, whether the shafts are in granular soils
or cohesive clays.
2.3
Pile testing
2.3.1
Introduction
Load testing of piles is expensive, and the cost should be carefully weighted
against the reduction in risk and assurance of satisfactory behaviour that the pile test
provides. It is not easy for the engineer to be assured that the piled foundations comply
with the specifications and drawings. It goes without saying that a comprehensive site
investigation is essential.
The pile test program should be considered as part of the design and construction
process, and not carried out hurriedly in response to an immediate construction problem.
Pile tests may be performed at various stage of construction; prior at the contract and
during construction. Pre-contract piles may be installed and tested to prove the
23
suitability of the piling system and to confirm the design parameters inferred from the
site investigation. It is common practice not to test piles immediately after placing but to
satisfy a delay of perhaps 1 to 3 weeks or even more, depending on soil type and
experience.
Testing of contract piles may involve integrity testing to check the construction
technique and workmanship and for load testing to confirm the performance of the pile
as a foundation element. Pile testing may range from spot checks on pile quality to
comprehensively instrumented piles bordering on a research exercise.
There are two main aspects of the pile quality to be considered:

i.
The integrity of the pile and its ability to carry the applied loading as a
structural unit
ii.
The load bearing and deformation characteristics of the soil/pile system
It is stressed that any piles test program should be carefully designed, and that the
purpose of each test should be clearly stated. A large amount of information can be
obtained from carefully conducted and instrumental test piles. The information may well
lead to refinements of the foundation design with a consequent possible cost saving, or
certainly greater assurance of the satisfactory performance of the foundation. On the
other hand, poor-quality test pile data may lead to an uneconomic design and are
obviously wasteful of resources and money.
24
2.4
Load testing of piles
2.4.1
General
Pile load testing, using the maintained load or the constant rate of penetration test
procedures, is the most commonly adopted method of checking the performance of a
pile. Any pile testing and loading system should be properly designed, bearing in mind
the large forces and high strain energy in the system under full load. The test pile should
be typical in all respects of the piles in the foundation. Pile testing requires some
considerable time and engineering input to carry out and to interpret the results; this
process should not be rushed at the expense of quality of the data and reliability of the
results.
The objectives of a preliminary pile test program are usually to determine:
i.
The ultimate bearing capacity of the piles, relating this to the

design parameters
ii.
To separate the pile resistance contributed by the adhesion and

end bearing capacity
iii.
To determine the stiffness of the soil/pile system at design load. A

back analysis of this data will enable the soil modulus to be
evaluated, and hence the deformation of pile groups may be
predicted with greatly increased confidence
25
2.4.2
Test equipment
The ultimate load of a pile may range from a few tens of tones to as much 2500
tones, and provision of a reaction to jack against requires careful consideration. The
geometry of the pile-reaction arrangement should be such as to minimize interaction
between the pile and the reaction, and to avoid movement of datum beams used as
references to measure settlement.
Kentledge is commonly used to provide reaction, and more or less any material
available in sufficient quantity can be used. Specially-cast concrete blocks or pigs of cast
iron may be hired and transported to site. Sheet steel piling, steel rail, bricks, or tanks
full of sand or water have to be adopted as kentledge from time to time. The important
criterion is that the mass of material is stable at all times during and after the test.
Clearance is required above the pile cap for the jack, load cell and reaction beam,
and it is necessary to support the whole weight of the kentledge on a timber or other
appropriate cribbage should be sufficient to avoid bearing failure, a severe problem on
soft ground. The kentledge is usually supported on a deck of steel beams and/or a timber
mattress. The cribbage should also be spaced at 3 or 4 diameters from the pile to avoid
an unacceptably large interaction as load is transferred to the pile. This spacing
determines the minimum length of the reaction beam required.
The reaction beam is subjected to high bending and buckling stresses and it
should be designed to carry the maximum load safely. The maximum safe load should
be clearly marked on the beam so that it is not inadvertently exceeded during a test. A
thick spreader plate is normally welded to the center of the beam to disperse the point
load from the jack.
Tension piles may be utilized to provide a satisfactory reaction, particularly for

raking piles. It is obviously most convenient if adjacent permanent piles can be used.
26
The top of the tension pile should be adequately reinforced against the stresses imposed
by the anchors. The tension piles should be normally be reinforced for the full depth of
the pile, though of course reinforcement in the pile may be curtailed as necessary with
depth.
The tension forces may be transmitted to the cross-head using a looped cable and
steel saddle, or individual wires in the cable may be locked separately in an anchor
block. Owing to the high extensibility of the wires, very large amounts of energy are
stored in the system, creating a potentially hazardous situation. Thus each component of
the system should be designed and installed correctly.
2.4.3
Load application and measurement
Based on Fleming et al (1992), it is important that the application of the load to

the test pile can be closely controlled, and a range of hydraulic jacks is readily available.
Short, large-diameter low-pressure jacks are to be preferred to the high-pressure type as
they are more stable. The jack may be actuated by a hand pump for loads up to
approximately 300 tones. However, for very high loadings or constant rate of
penetration tests, it is preferable to use a motorized pumping unit. Pressure gauges
should be fitted to the system to allow the operator to check the load in the system at a
glance, as he may be some way from the test pile.
Load measurement is preferably carried out using a load cell, and several types
are readily available. Commonly adopted load measuring devices, in order of accuracy,
are
i.
Hydraulic load capsule, maximum capacity 450 tones
ii.
Load columns, maximum capacity 1000 tones
27
iii.
Proving rings, maximum capacity 200 tones
iv.
Strain gauged load cells of various types, maximum capacity 200

tones
2.4.3.1 Measurement of settlement
The measurement of deformation is perhaps the most difficult observation to

make reliably. The use of dial gauges calibrated in 0.01 mm may give a false sense of
accuracy to the observations. In practice, measurement to this precision is not necessary
for pile testing and it is extremely difficult to maintain this degree of accuracy over a
long period of time. The most commonly used systems of settlement measurement are
dial test indicators or optical leveling.
2.5
Pile load test procedures
Two types of pile load test are commonly carried out; the maintained load test
and the constant rate of penetration test. The maintained load test is convenient for
testing end-bearing piles and for determining the load/settlement characteristics in clay
soils. Usually, however, it is not as suitable for determining the true ultimate capacity of
a pile.
The constant rate of penetration test procedure is best suited to determining the
ultimate bearing capacity of a pile, as the method of testing is closely related to the test
28
procedures used to obtain the shear strength of the soil. In clay soils, rapid pile testing
may approximate to undrained loading conditions, whilst a constant load for several
days may be necessary to allow full dissipation of pore pressures.
2.5.1
Maintained load tests
Based on Fleming et al (1992), the maintained load test requires a careful

specification of loading increments and period for which these increments are held
constant. The ICE Specification for Piling sets out a suitable minimum scheme, and the
ASTM Test Designation D-1143 specifies a similar procedure. In addition, limits are
placed on the rate of movement before the next load stage is added. The ICE
Specification for Piling limits the rate of movement to 0.25 mm/h provided the rate is
decreasing. Some engineers prefer a limit of 0.1 mm/h, and a frequent requirement is to
hold the load constant for 24 h at design load.
The maintained load test may be used to test contract piles to check acceptance
criteria. Such piles are usually loaded to 100% of the design verification load (DVL)
plus 50% of the specified working load to avoid overstressing the soil whilst still
proving an adequate reserve of strength in the soil/pile system. On special test piles that
will not form part of the permanent works, loading can be increased to failure, enabling
a check to be made on the design parameters (usually by the CRP method).
29
2.6 Interpretation of the results
A considerable amount of data may be computed from a pile test, and with more
sophisticated instrumentation a greater understanding of the soil/pile interaction may be
achieved. It is important that the designer is satisfied that the behavior of an isolated test
pile under relatively short-term loading stresses the bearing stratum in a similar manner
to the piles in the foundation. Interpretation of the test data may be carried out on several
levels:
i.
Qualitative inspection of the load settlement curves
ii.
A check for compliance with load and deformation specifications
iii.
A back analysis of the data to provide information on the soil stiffness

and strength criteria
2.6.1
Load settlement curves
Fleming et al (1992) stated that typical shapes of load settlement curves are given
by M.J. Tomlinson. In particular unusual load settlement curves should be thoroughly
investigated as they may indicate unexpected geological problems, such as soft sensitive
clay, defects in the pile shaft, or poor construction techniques. From straightforward pile
tests in which the load settlement characteristics of the head of pile are measured, there
is as yet no satisfactory published method that allows separation of the components of
shaft friction or adhesion and end-bearing with a satisfactory degree of confidence.
2.6.2
Estimation of ultimate load
30
The ultimate load of a pile is usually not well defined. In practice an exact definition of
the ultimate load is not all that important, provided an adequate factor of safety is clearly
demonstrated. Two simple criteria which cover most situations are
i.
The load at which settlement continues to increase without further

increase in load
ii.
The load causing a settlement of 10% of the pile diameter (base

diameter). The latter limit is likely to give a low estimate of the
ultimate load as it is unlikely that general yielding of the soil
around the pile will have been initiated.
2.6.3
Settlement criteria
Fleming et al (1992) stated that settlement limits at design load or 1.5 times the
design load are frequently specified, on the basis of previous experience. Such specified
settlement limits should be realistic and should take into account the likely elastic
compression of the pile shaft. It is sometimes difficult to discern how the specified
criteria for a single pile relate to the behavior of the pile group.
This data may then be applied to the pile group to estimate the overall
performance of the foundation under the design loads. This approach is particularly
useful in the case of piled structures carrying high lateral loads, as the stiffness of the
soil is difficult to establish and may well be affected by the piling operation.
Contract test piles are frequently loaded to 1 times the design load as a
performance test. Such a load test should avoid serious permanent deformation in the
31
surrounding soil and the significant alteration of the load/deformation characteristics of
the pile so tested. As these tests are not taken to failure it is sometimes difficult to assess
the acceptability of the pile. In such situations it is useful to estimate the likely elastic
settlement of the pile and then to draw up a realistic and unambiguous specification for
test pile performance. Such as assessment can quickly be made by summing the
compression to estimate the shaft and settlement of the toe. For such calculations it is
necessary to estimate the shaft adhesion from the site investigation data. In practice, by
making appropriate assumptions, upper and lower limits to the settlement may be
established.
2.7 Statnamic test
2.7.1
Introduction
The statnamic load test has been developed to meet the construction industrys
demand for an accurate and cost effective method of determining the load bearing
capacity of caissons and high capacity piles. Developed jointly by Berminghammer
Corporation of Canada and TNO Building and Construction Research of the
Netherlands, statnamic can be used on any pile type with minimum pile preparation.
Loading is perfectly axial and relatively slow application and release of compressive
forces eliminates tensile stresses, compressing the pile and the soil as a single unit. As a
result, static load-displacement behaviour can be obtained.
Todays taller buildings, heavier loads, and increased construction costs require
the use of large-diameter, drilled pier foundations systems. As such, the demand for high
capacity piles over 5.0 MN has increased dramatically.
32
Traditionally, static pile loading tests (to failure or twice design load) have been
used to verify the geotechnical design parameters, pile load capacity, and, in some cases,
the integrity of the pile. However, static pile loading test methods are expensive, timeconsuming, and cumbersome. Dynamic load tests have been used, as well as, to predict
static capacity and load-displacement behaviour. The dynamic response of a pile,
however, is controlled by stress waves; the analysis of which requires highly
experienced engineers. Dynamic load testing also creates tensile stresses which can
cause pile damage in concrete piles.
Statnamic testing overcomes the practical difficulties of both static loading and
dynamic load tests. Statnamic is capable of producing a given force using only 10% of
the mass in an equivalent static test. During statnamic loading, a perfectly axial load is
applied for duration of 120 milliseconds; long enough to compress the entire pile. Pile
behaviour is not dominated by stress wave propagation and pile accelerations are on the
order of 1 g. Load duration and loading rate are controlled by the vent height, amount of
fuel, and reaction mass.
2.7.2
Development of Statnamic
Statnamic development began in 1988 with a 0.1 MN test device. Today test
devices are capable of producing loads up to 30MN. Design and fabrication of bigger
devices of 45MN and 60MN are underway and they will be used for testing in the near
future.
33
Statnamic load tests have been conducted in Canada, United States, Japan,
Germany, Israel, Korea, Malaysia and Singapore. Testing options include single piles,
pile groups, structural elements, bridge piers and spread footings.
2.7.3
Basic concept of statnamic
The statnamic device is placed directly atop the test pile. Solid fuel is burned
within a pressure chamber, creating a large pressure which derives the reaction mass
upward. An equal and opposite force pushes downward on the pile.
If the reaction mass of 30 tonnes is initially accelerated upward at 20 g, then a

resultant 600 tonne force acts downward on the foundation. The reaction mass is 1/20
(30 tonnes/600 tonnes = 1/20) or 5% of equivalent statnamic mass. Statnamic loading is
applied in a linearly increasing manner and gradual unloading is achieved by a
controlled venting of a pressure. The duration of force is on the order of 120
milliseconds.
Pile accelerations of 1g are 100-1000 times less than a conventional dynamic

load test. As well, the duration of force is 10 to 20 times greater than a conventional
drop hammer blow. Thus, pile behaviour is not dominated by stress wave propagation. A
dynamic load test is shock load whereas statnamic load can be compared to a push,
subjecting the pile to consistent, high compressive forces throughout the length of the
pile.
Statnamic can be described using each of Newtons three Laws of Motion:
1st Law (Law of Inertia)
34
A body will continue in a state of rest or uniform motion unless compelled to change that
state by an external force.
F = 0
In a load test, two external forces act on a pile the loading force which sets the pile in
motion and the piles resistance to that motion. Pile resistance is primarily a function of
the inertia of the pile mass due to pile stiffness along the pile shaft and the pile toe. By
measuring the pile displacement during test loading, a measurement of the piles
resistance and thus the pile/soil behaviour can be measured.
2nd Law (Law of Acceleration)

When acted upon by an external force, a body accelerates in the direction of that
external force and is proportional to the magnitude of that force.
F = ma
In static, statnamic, and dynamic load testing, the same net force can be applied to a pile
by different means. Compare:
Static: F = M x g = Mg
Statnamic: F x
M
x 20g = Mg
20
Dynamic: F x
M
x 500g = Mg
500
where M is the total mass of static test,

M/20 is the reaction of mass (Statnamic)
M/500 is the drop hammer mass
g is the acceleration due to gravity
20g is the acceleration of the reaction mass (Statnamic)
500g is the acceleration of the drop hammer
35
3rd Law (Action and Reaction)
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
F12 = F21
During Statnamic loading, the pressure vessel exerts an upward force on the reaction
masses, while an equal and opposite force reacts downward on the pile. Furthermore,
since the direction of force is along the cylinder assembly, loading is perfectly axial.
2.7.4
Application of Statnamic test
Statnamic can be used on any pile type or structure: These include barrette piles,
micro piles, batter groups, pile groups, caissons, bored piles, precast concrete piles,
lateral load test, bridge piers and spread footing.
2.7.5
Statnamic Theory
2.7.5.1 Load Duration
Static Loading
Since velocity and acceleration are near zero throughout a static load test, damping and
inertial effects are minimal. However, as the load duration decreases for quick static load
tests, results can differ from conventional static tests due to the strain rate-dependent
nature of soil. Low permeability soils (soft silty or clayey soils) are most susceptible to
quick load rates.
36
Low Rate Dynamic Loading (Statnamic)
The duration of pile loading is on the order of 120 milliseconds. The load duration,
while not on the order of static testing, is still relatively long compared to high rate
dynamic testing. Dynamic rate effects are present only in low permeability, cohesive
soils and can be measured using existing pile/soil models.
High Rate Dynamic Loading (Dynamic Load Tests)
The duration of pile loading is on the order of 4 milliseconds. The short duration of
loading introduces stress waves to the pile and will unduly effect pile/soil behaviour.
Damping and inertial exert a strong influence on the test result and are difficult to
quantify.
2.8 Stress Wave Mechanics
In conventional static loading, the pile compresses as a whole throughout loading

and can be considered as a rigid body. As the load duration decreases, however, stress
waves are introduced to the pile, effecting pile/soil behaviour. Stress waves propagate
along the pile at the speed of sound within the pile.
c = (E/)1/2
c = stress wave velocity
E = pile/soil system modulus
= pile/soil density
37
C is about 3500 to 4000 m/s for reinforced concrete piles and 5000 m/s for steel piles.
For long piles (~ 30 meters) an initial stress at the pile top will reach the pile toe in
approximately 6 milliseconds, corresponding to the piles nature period, (30/5000 =
.006).
Statnamic loading is on the order of 120 milliseconds, well above the natural period
of even the stiffest pile. Because stress wave effects are minimized, the pile can be
considered as a rigid body and conventional static analytical methods apply. Although
results from Statnamic load tests have shown that rate effects are negligible for piles in
very stiff soils and piles end-bearing in rock, rate effects for piles in soft soils have been
relatively large and have significantly influenced load-displacement behaviour. The
Unloading-Point model, as shown in Figure 2.1, is a simple method of analysis for
determining the static resistance from a Statnamic test. As well, rate effects present
during a Statnamic test can be quantified with the Unloading-Point model.
Figure 2.1 : The Unloading-Point model
38
2.9 Pyrotechnics
To produce the characteristic Statnamic loading (force versus time as shown above), the
pressure chamber expands due to the increasing pressure from burning fuel gases. The
Statnamic cylinder, located on top of the pressure chamber, is accelerated upward force
(and hence the downward Statnamic loading) is equal to the product of this acceleration
and the total reaction mass. Thus,
F = ma
where a = C1.t
and
C1 is a constant
The increased volume of the pressure chamber is equal to the product of the
displacement of the cylinder (d) and the area of the pressure vessel (A). Thus,
V = A.d = A a.dt
Equation 1
V = A (C1.t 3 + C 2 .t 2 + C3 .t
where a is integrated twice in Equation 1 to determine d. The rate of increase in

pressurized gas production is therefore cubic, characteristic of solid propellant fuel.
The statnamic fuel consists of a number of small, perforated soil pellets. The burn
rate depends on several parameters:
1. chemical composition
2. pellet geometry
3. temperature
4. pressure
Chemical composition is chosen from factory burn trials. Perforated cylindrical

pellets are preferred to solid pellets or flat plates because they increase in surface area
39
throughout burning desired for statnamic. Furthermore, using many small pellets instead
of one large fuel charge reduces a consistent burn and averages out any imperfections in
a single pellet. As expected, the natural burn rate increases as temperature and pressure
increases in pressure chamber. Under normal operating conditions, burning will not
begin until the fuel temperature reaches 1000oC.
The statnamic propellant can be safely handled and will not ignite under spark,
friction, or agitation. When under atmospheric conditions, the burn is slow and easily
controlled. The fuel can be extinguished with water. Propellant can be transported with
minimum preparation stored for long periods of time without concern.
2.10
Data Acquisition
Load and displacement data are measured at the pile top with a calibrated load
cell and laser sensor and analyzed by TNO s Foundation Pile Diagnostic System
(FPDS). The load measurements are accurate to within 0.1% and the displacement
measurements are accurate to 0.1 mm. A total of 2000 data points are recorded at a
sampling rate of 150 microseconds for a total time 0.3 seconds, suitable to record the
entire event. The sampling time and total measuring time are variable and can be
changed in FPDS. The ignition triggering is also controlled by FPDS.
Load Cell
The statnamic load is measured by a circular load cell, located between the
piston and the pile top. A number of strain gauge transducers, mounted on the load cell
circumference, reduce the effects if any uneven loading. Loads signal from each
transducers are averaged and amplified within the load cell to reduce error and are
further amplified by FPDS.
40
Laser Sensor
Pile displacement is measured with photovoltaic laser sensor (located at the

center of the piston base) and a remote reference laser source. During the statnamic
event, the change in position of the laser sensor is measured relative to the stationary
laser source. Any ground motion due to loading occurs after the event and does not
effect the reference source, 20 meters away.
Throughout loading, load and displacement signals are digitized and written to a
raw data file. After the event, the raw signal voltages are converted to load and
displacement values using factory calibration values. Load-displacement graphs are
presented immediately on-site. Supplementary graphs, including graphs of velocity and
acceleration, are also generated by FPDS. Velocity and acceleration data are to be used
for Unloading-Point Analysis to determine static load settlement behaviour.
2.11
Statnamic Assembly
Statnamic assembly is straightforward. All components are handled with a

hoisting machine. Reaction masses are sectional and made of concrete, lead, steel and
others. Concrete reaction masses can be cast on-site and reused. This can be shown in
Figure 2.2 below.
41
Figure 2.2 : Statnamic devices assembly
42
2.12
The result
The load displacement behavior is almost identical to a static load test. During the entire
test, a state-of-the art load cell and laser sensor, built right into the statnamic device, act
in concert with a high-speed laptop computer to measure load and displacement directly.
During a statnamic test, measured signals from the load cell and laser sensor are digitally
recorded by TNOs Foundation Pile Diagnostic System (FPDS). Over 2000 values of
load and displacement are recorded. Load versus displacement results are presented
immediately on site, as well as graphs of load, displacement, velocity, and acceleration
versus time. Straightforward methods of analysis are provided through user-friendly
software to determine the damping and inertial effects. Load-deflection behavior and the
ultimate capacity of the foundation are clearly presented to the user.
2.13
Statnamic compared to dynamic and static testing
2.13.1 Dynamic Testing
In dynamic testing, a falling mass strikes the pile, delivering a short duration
impulse. Force and velocity are derived from gauges attached to the pile top. In
statnamic testing, a controlled, pre-determined load is applied directly to the pile without
introducing high-tension forces. The duration of loading is substantially longer than both
the impulse produced by dynamic testing and natural frequency of the foundation. The
capacity of large-diameter foundations can be fully mobilized without risking damage.
2.13.2 Static Testing
43
Static testing is expensive and cumbersome. On average, setting up and

dismantling a satnamic test can be done in a shift without interrupting the piling
contractor. Multiple piles can be tested in one day. In a comparative program in
Kanazawa, Japan, a static and statnamic test were conducted on the same foundation
producing virtually identical load-displacement behaviour. Numerous comparisons on
driven and cast in-situ piles have shown similar results.
2.14
Soil Types
In this study, there are two types of rock that need to be taken into account. One
is limestone rock and the other is granite rock. Based on Amir (1986), the main
descriptive properties of rocks which are of interest to the civil engineer are (AGE 197):
Rock type, stratigraphic unit, hardness and structure.
2.14.1 Elementary rock classification
Rocks are classified into 3 main groups according to the process by which they were
formed: Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.
a)
Igneous rocks
When molten rock, or magma, is forced up to the surface in the form of lava it
cools and forms a family of rocks named igneous or magnetic. The specific kind of
44
rock which is created by this process depends on two main factors: The rate of
cooling of the magma and its chemical composition
Magma in this case which loses heat inside the ground forms an intrusive, or
plutonic, rock. Cooling in this case is very slow, and this enables the growth of
relatively large crystals. Extrusive (or volcanic) rocks, on the other hand, solidify on
the surface, in a process of a rapid cooling. As a result, the crystal structure is fine or
even nonexistent.
Composition:
Acid -------------------------------------------------- Basic

Light coloured
Intermediate
Dark
coloured
Light weight
Heavy
Texture
With quartz
No quartz
Coarse
Granite, Granodiorite Syenite, Diorite
Medium
Aplite
Diabase
Dolerite
Fine
Rhyolite
Trachyte, Andesite
Basalt
(Felsite)
(Felsite)
Gabbro
Mixed
---------------- (Porphyry of the above types) -----------------
Glassy
Obsidian
Broken
-----------Breccia, Agglomerate, Tuff ------------------------
Basalt-glass
Table 2.3: Schematic classification of igneous rocks
According to their chemical composition, igneous rocks may range from acidic to basic.
Acidic rocks are those that contain mainly silica. They are generally lighter in colour and
45
lighter in weight. Granite is a typical acid rock. Basic rocks, on the other extreme,
contain large mounts of metals such as iron and magnesium, and are dark and heavy.
Gabbro is a typical basic rock.
(b)
Sedimentary rocks
In the process of erosion, rocks weather and are broken down into small particles or
even totally dissolved. These detritic particles may be carried away by water, wind or
glaciers, and deposited far from their original position. When these sediments start to
form thick deposits, they consolidate under their own weight and eventually, in the
presence of a suitable cementing chemical, may turn into solid rock. As a result of this
process, sedimentary rock will almost invariably possess a distinct stratified, or bedded,
structure. The classification of sedimentary rocks (Table 2.4) is based on several factors,
mainly grain size, composition and origin.
Certain rock types are named according to their origin. Some examples are Tillite
(cemented glacial deposit) and Travertine (carbonaceous hot-spring deposit).
46
Composition
Texture
Detritic
Coarse
Rock type
Conglomerate Rounded
(above 50%
Breccia
Remarks
particles
Angular particles
transported
particles)
Medium
Sandstone
Fine(>2 microns)
Sandstone
Very fine
Shale
Little or no cement
(<2 microns)
Marl
Cemented by
CaCO3
Chemical
Sandy
Flint
SiO2, dark
(below 50%
(5% - 50%
Chert
SiO2, light
transported
transported
Limestone
mainly CaCO3
material)
material)
Dolomite
CaMg(CO3)2
Chalk
microscopic
skeletons
Phosphate
Pure
Gypsum
(<5%
Coal
transported
Rock salt
material)
Iron
of CaCO3
Table 2.4 : Schematic classification of sedimentary rocks
47
2.14.2 Stratigraphy
The determination of the stratigraphic unit to which a rock belongs will normally
be undertaken by a qualified geologist. It can often be helpful in conveying to the reader
of a geological report special characteristic of this specific rock, and give an indication
as to other rock types which may present in the immediate vicinity.
2.14.2 Hardness
The hardness of fresh rock is mainly a function of its mineral composition and
forming process. At a later stage, rock can be modified by weathering processes to such
degree that we may want find ourselves regarding it as soil. Field hardness, defined as
the resistance to indentation or scratching, can be correlated with the strength of the rock
material, which is of much interest to the engineer. Such as correlation (Table 4) enables
useful conclusions to be drawn from simple field tests.
48
2.14.3 Defects in rock
(a)
Discontinuities
Based on Amir (1986), large rock masses are almost never continuous. Since it is
reasonable to assume that the strength of rock mass is determined by its discontinuities,
their study is utmost importance to the engineer. Discontinuities may take the form of
major features such as faults, shear zones and dykes, or small-scale features resulting
from the process which formed the rock (bedding planes) or from tectonic action
(joints). In many cases joints may be concentrated in well-defined directions, thus
forming joint sets which can be analyzed statistically. The following characteristics of
discontinuities are of main concern to the civil engineer.
a) Dip and dip direction. These values help to establish the existence (or
absence) of joint sets. Dip angle may also have a bearing on the loadcarrying behaviour of piles: Horizontal or nearly horizontal open joints
will influence the performance of piles more than vertical ones with
similar characteristics.
b) Frequency, or spacing between adjacent discontinuities. Jointing is
defined as very widely spaced for a typical spacing of more than 1 m, and
very close when joint frequency comes down to between 10 and 30 mm.
when bedding planes are less than 10 mm apart, the term intensely
laminated or intensely foliated may be applicable.
c) Opening ranging from very narrow for wall separation of less than 0.1
mm, to very wide if the width exceeds 5 mm.
d) Gouge or infilling its existence or absence should be noted. Gouge is
often in the form of soil, and has to be described as such, including
information regarding its moisture content and consistency.
49
e) Roughness of joint surfaces rough joints are capable of sustaining high
shear stresses, while the shear strength of smooth and polish joints is only
nominal.
f) Waviness or curvature of the surfaces of the discontinuities.
A meaningful description of a rock mass must, therefore, cover the above parameters as
extensively as possible to enable us to reach a reasonable evaluation of its engineering
properties.
2.14.4 Uniaxial compressive strength
The uniaxial compression test (ISRM 1972) is performed on intact cylinders,

with a diameter exceeding 54mm and a length-to-diameter ratio of 2.5 to 3, at their
natural moisture content. An axial compressive load is applied and continuously
increased until failure is reached after 5 to 15 minutes. The maximum load, divided by
the cross-sectional area of the sample, is defined as the uniaxial compressive strength qu.
The uniaxial compressive strength, or UCS, is an important index property of the rock
material, and some typical values are presented in Table 5.
Certain rock types, such as marls and some chalks, may be sensitive to water.
The strength of such rocks will drop considerably upon wetting, especially under
unconfined conditions.
50
2.14.5 Rock mass classification
Based on Amir (1986), the large number of factors which determine the
mechanical properties of rock masses creates certain whenever these properties have to
be incorporated in a design process. Since it would be convenient if we could express
these properties by a single numerical value, various classification systems have been
proposed for rock masses. Following is the short list of some better known systems.
The Rock Quality Designation (RQD), which is widely used as the ratio of the
total length of core which was recovered in intact pieces 100mm or more in length, to
the length of a given run, expressed as a percentage. The correlation between RQD and
descriptive rock quality is presented in Table 2.5.
RQD (%)
Rock quality
<25
very poor
25 50
poor
50 75
fair
75 90
good
90 100
very good
Table 2.5. Rock quality
The CSIR and the NGI classification systems developed specifically for
tunneling, take into account not only the RQD but also intact rock strength, joint
orientation and condition, ground water influence. So far, these systems have not found
any use in piling.
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
In this project there are two types of data that have been collected. One is the
data for maintained load test and one is from the statnamic load test. In this chapter,
data from statnamic load test will be discussed thoroughly than the maintained load
test procedure, as it is the most common test done for pile. For both type of tests,
there are several data need to be collected that are the bore log record for each pile,
the piling record and the test record. This record will be evaluated to compare the
result for both maintained load test and statnamic load test.
3.1
Statnamic Test.
The main principle of statnamic load testing is based on launching reaction

masses from a pile top by releasing high pressure gases from a cylinder. The reaction
force required to launch the reaction masses upward acts equally downward on the
pile, and drives the pile into the ground. The high pressure gases are produced by the
burning solid fuel within the cylinder assembly.
53
Using Newtons second law of acceleration, the reaction masses are
accelerated upward at 20g where a force acts downwards onto the pile will be 20
times the reaction masses weight. Thus, only 5% of the required test load is required
for the reaction masses assembly. Loading of the pile is monitored using a calibrated
load cell and displacement is monitored using a photo voltaic cell laser sensor. All
data recorded are digitized and stored in a portable computer connected to the
assembly.
The duration of a statnamic load testing is in the order of 120 to 150

millisecond. This produces a dynamic load on the pile top which is enough to allow
the pile react as a rigid body without the influence of stress wave propagation within
the pile. The soil is in turn loaded with minimum inertial effects and damping.
However, in highly viscoelastic soils, some rate effects are inevitable and influence
the interpretation of the test response.
3.2
Assembly of Statnamic test equipment.
Below are the procedures on assembling the statnamic test equipment. The
procedures are shown through photographs.
54
Figure 1 : Installation of piston and oil application
Figure 2: Piston and oil installation
55
Figure 3: Ignition System
Figure 4 Fuel Cage
56
Figure 5:Loading of Statnamic fuel
Figure 6: Closing of the piston
57
Figure 7: Installation of base plate
Figure 8: Installation of cylinder
58
Figure 9: Installation of cylinder
Figure 10: Installation of weight
59
60
Figure 13: After installation of weight mass
Figure 14: Placing the gravel structure non-supporting panels
61
Figure 15: Closing of the structure panels and installation of gravel
Figure 16: Portable computer and data logging device
62
Figure 17: cell laser source
Figure 18: After testing
63
3.3
Data Acquisition
The data for analysis are obtained from two sites. The data for bored pile cast
on limestone rock is collected from a housing project in Sentul, Kuala Lumpur. The
project is conducted by Syarikat Pembenaan Yeoh Tiong Lay Sdn Bhd where the
piling contractor is Geopancar Sdn. Bhd. The statnamic test was conducted on a
bored pile size 750mm diameter and the maintained load test was conducted on a
bored pile size 1050mm. The depth of the bored pile for statnamic test is 17.5m and
the depth of the bored pile for maintained load test is 16.6m. The statnamic test was
done on 2/6/2004 while the maintained load test was done on 4/1/2004 to 6/1/2004.
All record of each bored pile can be seen in Appendix 1.
The data for bored pile cast on granite rock is collected from a new highway
project in Bayan Baru, Pulau Pinang. This is a Jabatan Kerja Raya project where the
main contractor is Seri Meraga Sdn Bhd and the piling contractor is BAUER (M)
Sdn. Bhd. The depth of the bored pile for statnamic test is 35.4m and the depth of the
bored pile for maintained load test is 60.1m. The statnamic test was conducted on a
bored pile size 1800mm diameter on 17/4/2005 and the maintained load test was
conducted on a bored pile size 1200mm diameter on 5/6/2001. All record for each
bored pile can be seen in Appendix 2.
CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS
Once all tests finish, all data transferred into Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for
analysis. Data from the statnamic test is analyzed using 3 methods of calculation that
are the Unloading Point method, Matsumoto method and Simultaneous Equation
method. The analyses are shown below.
4.1
Interpretation of Statnamic pile load test results
The establish procedure for the evaluation of statnamic pile load-deflection

response is based on a simplified pile and soil model that is subjected to a rigid body
translation during the loading and unloading stages. Stress wave propagation within
the pile is minimized. The pile is treated as a rigid mass with elastic properties. The
soil is modeled as a spring and dashpot system in parallel. The spring represents the
static soil resistance, while the dashpot represents the damping of the soil. This can
be shown in Figure 4.1 below.
65
Figure 4.1 : Modelling of pile and soil during statnamic loading
The response of a pile to a statnamic loading can be mathematically described

by the following equation:
Fstn (t) = Fu (t) + Fv (v) +Fa (t)
--Eq 1
where Fstn (t) is the statnamic applied load, Fu (t) is the term accounting for the static
soil resistance, Fv (t) is the term accounting for the effect of damping, and Fa (t)
accounting for the effect of inertia during the loading/unloading stage.
The three components can be represented by:
Fu (t) = K u(t)
Fv (t) = C v(t)
Fa (t) = M a(t)
---Eq 2
where u (t) is the pile top displacement and v (t) is the velocity at the pile top, a(t) is
the acceleration at the pile top, M is the mass of pile, K is the total spring stiffness,
and C is the damping component of the pile-soil system.
66
Substituting Eq. (2) into Eq (1) yields
Fstn (t) = Ku (t) + Cv (t) +M a (t)
--Eq 3
Alternatively, Eq.(3) can be written as
Fstn (t) = Fsoil (t) + Ma (t)
---Eq 4
Fsoil(t) = Ku(t) + Cv (t)
--Eq 5
Where
In a pile load test, u(t), v(t) and a(t) are measured together with Fstn(t) at any time, t.
The mass, M of pile can easily be calculated. The value of K and C are to be
determined, and thus the components of Fu (t) and Fv (t) can then be obtained.
There are currently four methods of interpretation of pile response by

statnamic pile load test, namely, Initial Stiffness method, Equilibrium Point method,
Matsumoto (1994) method (or Modified Initial Stiffness method) and Unloading
Point method (Kusakabe and Matsumoto, 1995). The Unloading Point method and
Matsumoto method are the improved version of the Equilibrium Point method and
Initial Stiffness method respectively. Hence, only the Unloading Point method and
Matsumoto method will be used in this study. Also, a new method developed at the
National University of Singapore, called the Simultaneous Equation method, will
also be used in this study for the comparison of the results.
67
4.1.2 Unloading Point Method (Kusakabe and Matsumoto, 1995)
This is a modification of the Equilibrium Point method. This method assumes

that damping is linear, i.e. the damping coefficient C is constant through out the test.
In the Unloading Point method, Fsoil is calculated from
Fsoil (t) = Fstn (t) Ma (t)
--Eq 6
The point of maximum displacement on the Fsoil versus u curve is called the
Unloading Point, which corresponds to the point when velocity is zero (v=0).
Since this zero velocity point is unique, it also corresponds to the point of maximum
displacement of the Fstn versus u curve.
At this unloading point, the damping force Fv (tu) = 0, where tu is the time at the
Unloading Point. Thus, at the Unloading Point
Fsoil (tu) = F u (tu) = F stn (tu) Ma (tu)
--Eq 7
This value of Fu (tu) corresponding to the Unloading Point is taken to be the

maximum static soil resistance, Fu(max) obtained in the Statnamic test.
The damping factor C is estimated from
C = [Fsoil (max) Fu (max)]
--Eq 8
V*
Where Fsoil (max) is the maximum value of Fsoil determined from the Fsoil versus u
curve, and v* is the pile velocity at Fsoil (max).
68
The complete static load-deflection curve can then be obtained by using this value of
C and calculating the static load Fu(t) as follows:
Fu(t) = Fstn Cv(t) Ma(t)
--Eq 9
4.1.2 Matsumoto (1994) Method
This is a modification of the Initial Stiffness method. In this method, both the
spring and damping factors (K and C in Eq. 3) are assumed to vary during the
load/unloading stage.
The static tangent stiffness, k (i) is determined from
k(i) = Fu (i) Fu (i-1)

u(i) u(i-1)
--Eq 10
The initial value of k (1) is estimated from
k (1) = Fstat (1) / u (1)
--Eq 11
where Fstat (1) is the static resistance at the start of the test (t=0), which is equal to the
weight of the reaction mass, and u (1) is the initial displacement.
For the (i+1)th time step
k(i+1) = k(i)
--Eq 12
Fu(i+1) = Fu (i) + k(i+1) { u(i+1) u(i) }
--Eq 13
69
The damping coefficient can be calculated from
C(i+1) = { Fstn(i+1) Fu(i+1) Ma(i+1) } / v(i+1)
--Eq 14
At the (i+2)th time step, the following equations are solved:
C(i+2) = C(i+1)
--Eq 15
Fu(i+2) = Fstn(i+2) C(i+2) v(i+1) M a(i+2)
--Eq 16
k(i+2) = Fu(i+2) Fu(i+1)

u(i+2) u(i+1)
--Eq 17
The Fu versus u curve can be constructed by iterative use of Eqs. 12 to 17. The values
of k and C are successively updated as the calculations proceed.
4.1.3 Simultaneous Equation method
This is further modification of the Matsumoto method of which at any one

time-step there are 2 unknowns, k (tangent stiffness) and C. hence, by assuming that
the values of k and C remain constant at time i+1 and i+2 and writing the equilibrium
equations at these two time steps, there will be 2 unknowns in 2 equations. The static
soil resistance can be written as
Fu(i+1) = Fu(i) + k {u(i+1) u(i)}
--Eq 18
70
The 2 equilibrium equations can be written as
Fstn (i+1) = Ma(i+1) + Cv(i+1) + Fu(i) + k { u(i+) u(i) }
--Eq 19
Fstn (i+2) = Ma(i+2) + Cv(i+2) + Fu(i) + k { u(i+2) u(i) }
Solving the above simultaneous equations at any 2-time steps enables the
determination of k and C.
4.2 Interpretation of Maintained Load Test data.
From all data gained from the maintained load test, a load versus settlement is
plotted and is compared to the analysis from the statnamic test. All data from the
statnamic test and maintained load test is normalized to produce data that can be
compare together. From the graph produced by the maintained load test data and
statnamic test, a comparison on the effective method will be discussed.
CHAPTER 5
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
In this chapter, all results will be shown and conclusion will be made. For this
project, data was collected from two different sites ad area. One was taken from a
project on a limestone area and one comes from a granite area. The results will be
discussed in the following part of this chapter.
5.1
Results for Bored Pile on Limestone Rock
This data was taken from an apartment project conducted by Syarikat Pembenaan
Yeoh Tiong Lay Sdn. Bhd. in Sentul, Kuala Lumpur. The bored pile was bored by
Geopancar Sdn. Bhd. The bored pile size for maintained load test was 1050mm diameter
and the bored pile for statnamic test was 900mm diameter. The calculation for the three
methods for statnamic test can be seen on Appendix 3, Appendix 4 and Appendix 5. For
maintained load test result, the calculation can be seen on Appendix 6. All data from
72
both test is normalized by dividing the capacity of the pile to the pile size. This is needed
to compare the two tests without much doubt. The summary for the ultimate capacity of
the pile achieved and the maximum settlement obtained for the two tests is presented in
Table 5.1
Test
Ultimate Capacity
(Tonnes/m)
Statnamic Test:
Unloading Point Method
Statnamic Test:
Matsumoto Method
Settlement (mm)
884.01
8.20
909.93
8.20
955.95
8.2
1571.41
13.17
Statnamic Test:
Simultaneous Equation
Method
Maintained Load Test
Table 5.1 Results for the statnamic test and maintained load test for bored pile
cast on limestone rock
The residual settlement for statnamic test is 2.18mm and the residual settlement for
maintained load test is 0.36mm. Below are the results for the statnamic test and
maintained load test presented in charts.
73
Load (Tonnes) versus Displacement (mm)

Load (Tonnes)
-1.00
-100.00
0.00
0.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
700.00
800.00
1.00
Displacement (mm)
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
unloading point method
Figure 5.1: Results for statnamic test using Unloading Point method for Limestone rock
900.00
74

Load (Tonnes)
-1.00
-100.00
0.00
0.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
700.00
1.00
Displacement (mm)
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
matsumoto method
Figure 5.2: Results for statnamic test using Matsumoto method for Limestone rock
800.00
900.00
75

Load (Tonnes)
-1.00
-100.000
0.000
0.00
100.000
200.000
300.000
400.000
500.000
600.000
700.000
800.000
900.000
1.00
Displacement (mm)
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
simultaneous equation
Figure 5.3: Results for statnamic test using Simultaneous Equation method for Limestone rock
1000.000
76
Load (Tonnes/m) versus Settlement (mm)

Load (Tonnes/m)
0.00
0.00
200.00
400.00
600.00
800.00
1000.00
1200.00
1400.00
2.00
Settlement (mm)
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
1st cycle
2nd cycle
3rd cycle
Figure 5.4: Results for maintained load test for Limestone rock
1600.00
1800.00
77

Load (Tonnes/m)
-2.00
0.00
0.00
200.00
400.00
600.00
800.00
1000.00
1200.00
1400.00
1600.00
Settlement (mm)
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
MLT Maple
simultaneous equation
Matsumoto method
Figure 5.5: Results for statnamic test using 3 methods and maintained load test (3rd cycle) for Limestone rock
1800.00
78
5.2
Results for Bored Pile on Granite Rock
This data was taken from a highway project conducted by Jabatan Kerja Raya
Pulau Pinang. The main contractor is Sri Meraga Sdn Bhd and the bored pile was piled
by BAUER (M) Sdn. Bhd. The bored pile size for maintained load test was 1200mm
diameter and the bored pile for statnamic test was 1800mm diameter. The calculation for
the three methods for statnamic test can be seen on Appendix 7, Appendix 8 and
Appendix 9. For maintained load test result, the calculation can be seen on Appendix 10.
All data from both test is normalized by dividing the capacity of the pile to the pile size.
This is needed to compare the two tests without much doubt. The summary for the
ultimate capacity of the pile achieved and the maximum settlement obtained for the two
tests is presented in Table 5.2
Test
Statnamic Test:
Unloading Point Method
Statnamic Test:
Matsumoto Method
Ultimate Capacity
(Tonnes/m)
Settlement (mm)
1520.20
8.64
1533.35
8.64
1528.62
8.64
2540.00
133.45
Statnamic Test:
Simultaneous Equation
Method
Maintained Load Test
Table 5.2 Results for the statnamic test and maintained load test for bored pile
cast on granite rock
79
The residual settlement for statnamic test is 2.75mm and the residual settlement for
maintained load test is 97.10mm. Below are the results for the statnamic test and
maintained load test presented in charts.
80
Load (Tonnes/m) versus Displacement (mm)

Load (Tonnes/m)
-1.00
-100.00
0.00
100.00
300.00
500.00
700.00
900.00
1100.00
1300.00
1500.00
1.00
Displacement (mm)
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
Figure 5.6: Results for statnamic test using Unloading Point method for Granite rock
1700.00
81

Load (Tonnes/m)
-1.00
-350.00
150.00
650.00
1150.00
1650.00
0.00
1.00
Displacement (mm)
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
matsumoto method
Figure 5.7: Results for statnamic test using Matsumoto method for Granite rock
2150.00
82

Load (Tonnes/m)
-1.00
-300.00
200.00
700.00
1200.00
1700.00
0.00
1.00
Displacement (mm)
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
simultaneous equation method
Figure 5.8: Results for statnamic test using Simultaneous Equation method for Granite rock
83

Load (Tonnes/m)
-20.00
0.00
0.00
500.00
1000.00
1500.00
2000.00
20.00
Displacement (mm)
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
1st cycle
2nd cycle
Figure 5.9: Results for maintained load test for Granite rock
2500.00
3000.00
84

Load (Tonnes/m)
-20.00
-200.00
0.00
300.00
800.00
1300.00
1800.00
2300.00
2800.00
20.00
Settlement (mm)
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
MLT data
simultaneous equation method
matsumoto method
Figure 5.10: Results for statnamic test using 3 methods and maintained load test (2nd cycle) for Granite rock
5.3
Conclusions
From the calculation and data for both types of soils, several conclusions can be
made. The static load-settlement curves obtained from the results of the statnamic test
using the Unloading Point method, Matsumoto method and Simultaneous Equation
method are shown in Figure 5.5 and Figure 5.10.
For bored pile cast on limestone rock, it can be said that all three methods, in
spite of the differences in the calculation of the damping coefficient C, give load
settlement curves which are very similar. In Figure 5.5, it can be shown that the curves
for the three methods compare favorably with the maintained load test curves.
Therefore, it can be said that the Unloading Point method, Matsumoto method and
Simultaneous Equation method can be used to compare the statnamic test result with the
maintained load test result.
For bored pile cast on granite rock, it can be said that the statnamic test result
obtained from the three methods of calculation does not gives a good comparison o the
maintained load test result. Although the loading is high but the settlement in the
maintained load test is too high and does not give a logic comparison to the result from
the statnamic load test. This result happen might be due to the large difference in the
depth of bored pile for each test. From Figure 5.10, it can be said that the result is not
compared favorably. Thus, it can be concluded that for this type of soil for this project,
the data from the statnamic test can not be compared to the maintained load test result.
Although the statnamic test is new, there are several advantages of using this test
than the ordinary maintained load test such as the statnamic test applies loads up to 30
MN and higher. The statnamic test can also be tested on high capacity bored piles,
72
barrette piles, steel piles, augercast piles, timber piles, batter piles, in clay, silt, rock and
sand. This includes test on bridge foundations, pile groups, spread footings, and offshore piles. Statnamic can also be tested laterally and without planning. Another
advantages of statnamic is that no reaction piles are required and this will save a lot of
money in bored piling. Several statnamic test can be conducted for the cost of a single
static test. Other than that, statnamics built-in load cell and laser sensor provide direct
measurements of load-displacement behaviour and it produces load-displacement results
immediately on site.
But there are several limitations on the statnamic test. The main limitation is that
this test produces only 1 cycle load and though the test is very short, it does not
represent the actual settlement of the pile. The pile tested does not gives the actual
settlement because the settlement happen only due to several second of loading not like
the actual reaction where settlement takes a very long time to happen. Although the
statnamic is said to be cheap to be done on several pile but the cost of transportation of
the massive thing is quite expensive if the test need to be done in a remote area project.
Another limitations of statnamic is that for testing purposes, the analysis of statnamic
load testing signals is based on the Unloading Point method. This method assumed that
the pile can be modeled as a concentrated mass and springs. Modeling of the pile as a
concentrated mass and springs is only valid when stress waves phenomena are of
minimal. Deviations can occur with Unloading Point method when the following
phenomena are present and not taken into account.
a)
Soils in which excessive pore water pressures are generated

during statnamic loading.
b)
Soils with significant strain rate sensitive behaviour.
c)
Stress wave phenomena introduced by too short of statnamic

loading duration relative to the pile length (100m and above).
73
Therefore, it can be concluded that the outcome of the statnamic test does not
produce identical result as the ordinary maintained load test. But, a thorough study
should be made in order to determined the differences of the results from the statnamic
test and maintained load test before it can be used in our construction industry.
REFERENCES
Amir, Joram M (1986) Piling in Rock A.A.Balkema
Chow, Y K and Chew, S H (1997) Geotechnical Analysis of Statnamic Pile Load Test
on Bored Pile No W47/5 For The Proposed Ampang Kuala Lumpur Elevated
Highway
Fleming et al (1992) Piling Engineering 2nd Edition, Chapman & Hall
Geonamics (1998) Statnamic Load Testing Technology Economy Express Printing
Goble G.G (1975) Bearing Capacity of piles from dynamic measurements: Final
report Ohio Department of Transportation
Housel, William (1966) Pile Load Capacity: Estimates and Test Results Journal of
The Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division
Kirkaldie, Louise (1988) Rock Classification Systems for Engineering Purposes

Symposium on Rock Classification Systems for Engineering Purposes 1987, ASTM
special technical publication
Peck et al (1974) Foundation Engineering 2nd Edition, Wiley International
Smith, G.N and Smith, G.N (2000) Elements of Soil Mechanics 2nd Edition,
Blackwell Science
APPENDIX 3
No Time (ms)
Load Displacement Velocity Acceleration

(mm)
(m/s)
(MN)
(m/s2)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
25.00
26.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.06
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.06
-0.08
-0.09
-0.11
-0.12
-0.12
-0.13
-0.12
-0.10
-0.08
-0.07
-0.05
-0.03
-0.04
-0.03
-0.01
0.02
0.04
0.07
0.13
0.20
0.28
0.37
M a(t)
Cv
0.00186 0.00 1.10 0.000

0.00
0.000
0.00
0.000
0.00
0.000
0.00
0.000
0.00
0.000
0.00
0.000
0.00
0.000
0.00
0.000
0.00
0.000
0.00
0.000
0.00
-0.001
0.00
-0.001
0.00
0.000
0.00
0.000
0.00
0.000
0.00
-0.001
0.00
-0.001
0.00
-0.001
0.00
-0.001
0.00
-0.001
0.00
-0.001
0.00
-0.001
0.00
-0.001
0.00
-0.001
0.00
-0.001
0.00
-0.001
Fu(t) MN to kN kN to Ton
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
450.11
450.09
450.09
450.09
450.11
450.15
450.17
450.20
450.22
450.22
450.24
451.32
451.29
450.15
450.13
450.09
451.16
451.17
451.16
451.12
451.06
451.03
450.97
450.86
450.73
450.58
450.41
45.17
45.17
45.17
45.17
45.17
45.18
45.18
45.18
45.18
45.18
45.19
45.29
45.29
45.18
45.18
45.17
45.28
45.28
45.28
45.27
45.27
45.26
45.26
45.25
45.24
45.22
45.20
Ton to
Tonnes
Normalised
data
(Tonnes/m)
45.90
45.89
45.89
45.89
45.90
45.90
45.90
45.91
45.91
45.91
45.91
46.02
46.02
45.90
45.90
45.89
46.00
46.00
46.00
46.00
45.99
45.99
45.98
45.97
45.96
45.94
45.93
51.00
50.99
50.99
50.99
51.00
51.00
51.00
51.01
51.01
51.01
51.01
51.13
51.13
51.00
51.00
50.99
51.11
51.12
51.11
51.11
51.10
51.10
51.09
51.08
51.07
51.05
51.03
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
27.00
28.00
29.00
30.00
31.00
32.00
33.00
34.00
35.00
36.00
37.00
38.00
39.00
40.00
41.00
42.00
43.00
44.00
45.00
46.00
47.00
48.00
49.00
50.00
51.00
52.00
53.00
54.00
55.00
56.00
57.00
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.49
0.50
0.53
0.55
0.59
0.63
0.67
0.73
0.78
0.85
0.92
1.01
1.10
1.19
1.30
1.41
1.53
1.65
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.12
0.17
0.24
0.31
0.39
0.46
0.52
0.59
0.66
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.49
0.62
0.76
0.89
1.02
1.16
1.31
1.48
1.69
1.91
2.13
2.38
2.65
2.88
3.12
3.35
3.56
3.78
3.99
4.16
4.33
4.51
4.66
4.80
4.96
5.13
5.28
5.41
5.56
5.72
5.85
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.022
0.022
0.022
0.033
0.033
0.033
0.044
0.044
0.055
0.055
0.066
0.077
0.077
0.088
0.099
0.099
0.110
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.44
0.45
0.47
0.47
0.50
0.52
0.55
0.59
0.63
0.68
0.73
0.79
0.86
0.93
1.01
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.42
1.53
450.19
449.95
449.69
449.45
449.21
447.85
447.57
447.25
446.86
446.46
445.05
444.58
454.08
473.66
472.21
501.78
521.39
549.99
589.60
629.28
677.96
727.63
786.35
856.09
934.80
1013.48
1103.20
1201.96
1300.68
1420.39
1529.14
45.18
45.16
45.13
45.11
45.08
44.95
44.92
44.89
44.85
44.81
44.66
44.62
45.57
47.54
47.39
50.36
52.33
55.20
59.17
63.15
68.04
73.03
78.92
85.92
93.82
101.71
110.72
120.63
130.54
142.55
153.46
45.90
45.88
45.85
45.83
45.80
45.67
45.64
45.60
45.56
45.52
45.38
45.33
46.30
48.30
48.15
51.16
53.16
56.08
60.12
64.17
69.13
74.19
80.18
87.29
95.32
103.34
112.49
122.56
132.63
144.83
155.92
51.00
50.98
50.95
50.92
50.89
50.74
50.71
50.67
50.63
50.58
50.42
50.37
51.45
53.66
53.50
56.85
59.07
62.31
66.80
71.29
76.81
82.44
89.09
96.99
105.91
114.82
124.99
136.18
147.36
160.92
173.24
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
58.00
59.00
60.00
61.00
62.00
63.00
64.00
65.00
66.00
67.00
68.00
69.00
70.00
71.00
72.00
73.00
74.00
75.00
76.00
77.00
78.00
79.00
80.00
81.00
82.00
83.00
84.00
85.00
86.00
87.00
88.00
1.78
1.92
2.07
2.23
2.39
2.56
2.74
2.92
3.11
3.31
3.50
3.71
3.92
4.13
4.34
4.56
4.78
5.00
5.23
5.45
5.67
5.89
6.11
6.32
6.52
6.71
6.89
7.04
7.19
7.32
7.46
0.74
0.83
0.96
1.10
1.26
1.43
1.61
1.76
1.93
2.08
2.21
2.39
2.53
2.66
2.82
2.98
3.15
3.35
3.57
3.82
4.08
4.31
4.54
4.77
5.02
5.25
5.50
5.76
6.01
6.26
6.50
0.10
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.19
0.18
5.97
6.04
6.06
6.02
5.93
5.77
5.56
5.35
5.12
4.91
4.71
4.46
4.23
4.00
3.69
3.33
2.93
2.45
1.89
1.27
0.63
-0.01
-0.65
-1.30
-1.96
-2.62
-3.29
-3.96
-4.62
-5.26
-5.84
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.110
0.121
0.121
0.132
0.132
0.143
0.154
0.154
0.165
0.176
0.176
0.187
0.198
0.198
0.209
0.209
0.220
0.220
0.220
0.220
0.231
0.231
0.231
0.231
0.231
0.231
0.220
0.220
0.220
0.209
0.198
1.66
1.79
1.94
2.09
2.25
2.41
2.58
2.76
2.94
3.12
3.32
3.51
3.71
3.92
4.12
4.34
4.55
4.78
5.01
5.23
5.44
5.66
5.88
6.09
6.29
6.48
6.68
6.83
6.98
7.12
7.27
1658.92
1787.79
1937.75
2086.83
2247.00
2406.29
2575.68
2756.07
2935.50
3124.89
3315.26
3514.72
3714.15
3924.58
4124.15
4344.82
4554.56
4775.45
5006.49
5227.64
5437.83
5659.02
5880.21
6091.41
6292.64
6483.86
6676.11
6827.35
6978.57
7120.76
7272.84
166.49
179.42
194.47
209.43
225.51
241.50
258.50
276.60
294.61
313.61
332.72
352.74
372.75
393.87
413.90
436.05
457.10
479.26
502.45
524.65
545.74
567.94
590.14
611.33
631.53
650.72
670.01
685.19
700.37
714.64
729.90
169.15
182.29
197.58
212.79
229.12
245.36
262.63
281.02
299.32
318.63
338.04
358.38
378.72
400.17
420.52
443.02
464.41
486.93
510.49
533.04
554.47
577.03
599.58
621.12
641.63
661.13
680.73
696.16
711.58
726.07
741.58
187.95
202.55
219.54
236.43
254.57
272.62
291.81
312.25
332.58
354.04
375.60
398.20
420.80
444.64
467.25
492.25
516.01
541.04
567.21
592.27
616.08
641.14
666.20
690.13
712.93
734.59
756.37
773.51
790.64
806.75
823.98
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
89.00
90.00
91.00
92.00
93.00
94.00
95.00
96.00
97.00
98.00
99.00
100.00
101.00
102.00
103.00
104.00
105.00
106.00
107.00
108.00
109.00
110.00
111.00
112.00
113.00
114.00
115.00
116.00
117.00
118.00
119.00
7.57
7.67
7.75
7.81
7.85
7.88
7.90
7.90
7.91
7.90
7.88
7.85
7.80
7.74
7.68
7.61
7.53
7.45
7.36
7.26
7.16
7.05
6.94
6.82
6.70
6.58
6.44
6.29
6.14
5.97
5.79
6.69
6.89
7.06
7.22
7.38
7.54
7.68
7.81
7.90
7.96
8.02
8.06
8.09
8.13
8.15
8.20
8.16
8.14
8.14
8.13
8.10
8.07
8.03
7.97
7.90
7.81
7.69
7.58
7.44
7.31
7.22
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.00
-0.01
-0.02
-0.03
-0.03
-0.04
-0.05
-0.06
-0.07
-0.08
-0.09
-0.10
-0.11
-0.11
-0.12
-6.37
-6.89
-7.39
-7.88
-8.35
-8.76
-9.10
-9.37
-9.59
-9.80
-9.98
-10.08
-10.17
-10.26
-10.34
-10.33
-10.23
-10.10
-10.03
-9.96
-9.85
-9.69
-9.49
-9.24
-8.95
-8.57
-8.10
-7.58
-7.05
-6.55
-6.10
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.198
0.187
0.176
0.165
0.154
0.143
0.132
0.121
0.110
0.099
0.077
0.066
0.055
0.044
0.033
0.011
0.000
-0.011
-0.022
-0.033
-0.033
-0.044
-0.055
-0.066
-0.077
-0.088
-0.099
-0.110
-0.121
-0.121
-0.132
7.38
7.50
7.59
7.66
7.71
7.75
7.78
7.80
7.82
7.82
7.82
7.80
7.76
7.72
7.67
7.62
7.55
7.48
7.40
7.31
7.21
7.11
7.01
6.90
6.79
6.68
6.55
6.41
6.27
6.10
5.93
7383.82
7495.79
7587.71
7659.62
7711.50
7753.26
7784.89
7796.39
7817.80
7819.19
7821.52
7802.71
7763.87
7715.04
7666.19
7618.17
7548.98
7479.74
7400.61
7311.48
7211.28
7111.98
7012.61
6903.15
6793.61
6683.90
6554.03
6414.07
6274.08
6103.15
5933.32
741.04
752.28
761.50
768.72
773.93
778.12
781.29
782.45
784.59
784.73
784.97
783.08
779.18
774.28
769.38
764.56
757.62
750.67
742.73
733.78
723.72
713.76
703.79
692.80
681.81
670.80
657.76
643.72
629.67
612.51
595.47
752.90
764.31
773.69
781.02
786.31
790.57
793.79
794.96
797.15
797.29
797.53
795.61
791.65
786.67
781.69
776.79
769.74
762.68
754.61
745.52
735.30
725.18
715.05
703.88
692.72
681.53
668.29
654.02
639.74
622.31
605.00
836.55
849.24
859.65
867.80
873.68
878.41
881.99
883.29
885.72
885.88
886.14
884.01
879.61
874.08
868.54
863.10
855.26
847.42
838.45
828.36
817.00
805.75
794.50
782.09
769.68
757.25
742.54
726.68
710.82
691.46
672.22
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
120.00
121.00
122.00
123.00
124.00
125.00
126.00
127.00
128.00
129.00
130.00
131.00
132.00
133.00
134.00
135.00
136.00
137.00
138.00
139.00
140.00
141.00
142.00
143.00
144.00
145.00
146.00
147.00
148.00
149.00
150.00
5.61
5.42
5.22
5.01
4.79
4.56
4.33
4.10
3.87
3.63
3.40
3.17
2.96
2.74
2.54
2.34
2.15
1.98
1.81
1.65
1.50
1.36
1.24
1.12
1.01
0.91
0.82
0.74
0.66
0.60
0.53
7.13
7.08
6.99
6.81
6.65
6.48
6.26
6.03
5.75
5.52
5.38
5.21
5.00
4.78
4.55
4.33
4.11
3.90
3.69
3.54
3.44
3.35
3.26
3.16
3.09
3.01
2.95
2.88
2.80
2.74
2.68
-0.13
-0.14
-0.15
-0.15
-0.16
-0.17
-0.17
-0.17
-0.17
-0.17
-0.17
-0.17
-0.16
-0.16
-0.16
-0.16
-0.16
-0.15
-0.15
-0.14
-0.13
-0.13
-0.12
-0.12
-0.11
-0.10
-0.10
-0.09
-0.08
-0.07
-0.07
-5.73
-5.43
-5.07
-4.58
-4.05
-3.51
-2.87
-2.13
-1.36
-0.72
-0.25
0.21
0.79
1.41
2.02
2.60
3.15
3.66
4.09
4.37
4.50
4.57
4.64
4.72
4.83
4.94
5.06
5.14
5.15
5.10
5.02
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
-0.143
-0.154
-0.165
-0.165
-0.176
-0.187
-0.187
-0.187
-0.187
-0.187
-0.187
-0.187
-0.176
-0.176
-0.176
-0.176
-0.176
-0.165
-0.165
-0.154
-0.143
-0.143
-0.132
-0.132
-0.121
-0.110
-0.110
-0.099
-0.088
-0.077
-0.077
5.76
5.58
5.39
5.18
4.97
4.75
4.52
4.29
4.06
3.82
3.59
3.36
3.13
2.91
2.71
2.51
2.32
2.14
1.97
1.80
1.63
1.49
1.36
1.24
1.12
1.01
0.92
0.83
0.74
0.67
0.60
5763.63
5584.08
5394.41
5183.50
4973.52
4753.51
4522.33
4290.95
4059.52
3818.34
3587.46
3356.61
3134.53
2913.38
2712.25
2511.18
2320.15
2138.21
1967.41
1795.89
1634.65
1494.52
1363.39
1243.24
1122.04
1010.83
920.61
829.46
738.44
667.54
597.68
578.44
560.42
541.38
520.22
499.14
477.06
453.86
430.64
407.41
383.21
360.04
336.87
314.58
292.39
272.20
252.02
232.85
214.59
197.45
180.24
164.05
149.99
136.83
124.77
112.61
101.45
92.39
83.24
74.11
66.99
59.98
587.69
569.38
550.04
528.54
507.13
484.70
461.12
437.53
413.93
389.34
365.80
342.26
319.62
297.07
276.56
256.05
236.58
218.02
200.61
183.12
166.68
152.39
139.02
126.77
114.41
103.07
93.87
84.58
75.30
68.07
60.94
652.99
632.65
611.16
587.27
563.48
538.55
512.36
486.14
459.92
432.60
406.44
380.29
355.13
330.07
307.29
284.50
262.86
242.25
222.90
203.47
185.20
169.32
154.47
140.85
127.12
114.52
104.30
93.97
83.66
75.63
67.71
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
151.00
152.00
153.00
154.00
155.00
156.00
157.00
158.00
159.00
160.00
161.00
162.00
163.00
164.00
165.00
166.00
167.00
168.00
169.00
170.00
171.00
172.00
173.00
174.00
175.00
176.00
177.00
178.00
179.00
180.00
181.00
0.47
0.42
0.38
0.33
0.30
0.26
0.23
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
2.62
2.58
2.52
2.48
2.43
2.38
2.35
2.31
2.26
2.21
2.17
2.12
2.08
2.03
2.00
1.99
1.97
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.03
2.04
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.08
2.08
-0.06
-0.06
-0.06
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.04
-0.04
-0.04
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
4.87
4.66
4.42
4.24
4.13
4.02
3.85
3.66
3.48
3.30
3.11
2.92
2.76
2.65
2.57
2.49
2.39
2.27
2.12
1.96
1.81
1.66
1.53
1.41
1.31
1.21
1.12
1.02
0.92
0.82
0.72
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.066
-0.066
-0.066
-0.055
-0.055
-0.055
-0.044
-0.044
-0.044
-0.033
-0.033
-0.033
-0.022
-0.022
-0.022
-0.022
-0.022
-0.011
-0.011
-0.011
-0.011
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.53
0.48
0.44
0.38
0.35
0.31
0.27
0.24
0.22
0.19
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
526.96
477.35
437.80
377.13
347.34
307.54
266.86
237.21
217.54
186.88
177.23
157.58
136.88
127.08
117.23
117.38
117.56
96.79
97.07
97.36
107.64
98.02
98.26
97.38
97.57
97.75
76.92
77.11
77.29
77.48
67.66
52.89
47.91
43.94
37.85
34.86
30.86
26.78
23.81
21.83
18.75
17.79
15.81
13.74
12.75
11.77
11.78
11.80
9.71
9.74
9.77
10.80
9.84
9.86
9.77
9.79
9.81
7.72
7.74
7.76
7.78
6.79
53.73
48.67
44.64
38.45
35.42
31.36
27.21
24.19
22.18
19.05
18.07
16.07
13.96
12.96
11.95
11.97
11.99
9.87
9.90
9.93
10.98
9.99
10.02
9.93
9.95
9.97
7.84
7.86
7.88
7.90
6.90
59.70
54.08
49.60
42.73
39.35
34.84
30.23
26.87
24.65
21.17
20.08
17.85
15.51
14.40
13.28
13.30
13.32
10.97
11.00
11.03
12.20
11.11
11.13
11.03
11.05
11.08
8.71
8.74
8.76
8.78
7.67
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
182.00
183.00
184.00
185.00
186.00
187.00
188.00
189.00
190.00
191.00
192.00
193.00
194.00
195.00
196.00
197.00
198.00
199.00
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.11
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.18
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.19
2.17
2.18
2.16
2.17
2.18
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.59
0.45
0.32
0.20
0.08
0.00
-0.08
-0.17
-0.23
-0.29
-0.35
-0.38
-0.38
-0.37
-0.35
-0.34
-0.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
57.91
58.16
48.41
48.63
38.85
29.00
29.15
19.32
19.43
9.54
9.65
-0.29
-0.29
10.69
0.65
0.63
0.67
0.00
5.81
5.84
4.86
4.88
3.90
2.91
2.93
1.94
1.95
0.96
0.97
-0.03
-0.03
1.07
0.07
0.06
0.07
0.00
5.90
5.93
4.94
4.96
3.96
2.96
2.97
1.97
1.98
0.97
0.98
-0.03
-0.03
1.09
0.07
0.06
0.07
0.00
6.56
6.59
5.48
5.51
4.40
3.29
3.30
2.19
2.20
1.08
1.09
-0.03
-0.03
1.21
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.00
APPENDIX 4
Displace
u(i +
Velocity Acceleration
k(i + 1) 1) ment
(m/s)
(m/s2)
(mm)
u(i)
No
Time
(ms)
Load
(MN)
0.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
-0.06
1.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
-0.05
2.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
-0.05
3.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
-0.05
4.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
-0.06
5.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
-0.08
6.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
-0.09
7.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
-0.11
8.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
-0.12
10
9.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
-0.12
11
10.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
-0.13
12
11.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
-0.12
13
12.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
-0.10
14
13.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
-0.08
15
14.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
-0.07
16
15.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
-0.05
17
16.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
-0.03
18
17.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
-0.04
19
18.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
-0.03
20
19.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
-0.01
21
20.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.02
22
21.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.04
23
22.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.07
G * H Fu(i+1)
0.00
Ma(i+1
C-J-L
)
C(i+1)
C(i+2)*v
Fu(i+2) - u(i+2)C(i+2)
k(i+2)
Fu(i+2)
(i+1)
Fu(i+1) u(i+1)
Fu
MN to kN
kN to
Ton
Ton to
Tonnes
Normali
sed
data
(Tonne
s/m)
0.00186
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

0.000
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000
0.000
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000
0.000
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

0.000
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

0.000
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

0.000
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

0.000
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

0.000
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

0.000
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
24
23.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.13
25
24.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.20
26
25.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.28
27
26.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.37
28
27.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.49
29
28.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.62
30
29.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.76
31
30.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.89
32
31.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
1.02
33
32.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
1.16
34
33.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
1.31
35
34.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
1.48
36
35.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
1.69
37
36.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
1.91
38
37.00
0.46
0.00
0.01
2.13
39
38.00
0.46
0.00
0.01
2.38
40
39.00
0.47
0.00
0.01
2.65
41
40.00
0.49
0.00
0.01
2.88
42
41.00
0.50
0.00
0.02
3.12
43
42.00
0.53
0.00
0.02
3.35
44
43.00
0.55
0.00
0.02
3.56
45
44.00
0.59
0.01
0.03
3.78
46
45.00
0.63
0.02
0.03
3.99
47
46.00
0.67
0.04
0.03
4.16
48
47.00
0.73
0.06
0.04
4.33
49
48.00
0.78
0.08
0.04
4.51
50
49.00
0.85
0.12
0.05
4.66
51
50.00
0.92
0.17
0.05
4.80
52
51.00
1.01
0.24
0.06
4.96
53
52.00
1.10
0.31
0.07
5.13
54
53.00
1.19
0.39
0.07
5.28
0.000
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.001
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.002 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.003 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.002
0.003
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.004 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.005 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.005
0.006
0.590
1.140
0.335
0.965
0.195
0.925
0.271
1.121
0.248
1.258
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
-18.567 -0.557
0.010 3.961
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
1.180
0.040
1140.00
114.41
116.24
129.16
1179.61
118.39
120.28
133.64
0.97
965.00
96.85
98.40
109.33
1125.59
112.96
114.77
127.52
1.126
0.161
0.020 8.030
1.13
0.93
925.00
92.83
94.32
104.80
-3.834
-0.192
1.033
0.108
0.040 2.702
1.03
1033.06
103.68
105.34
117.04
1.12
1120.59
112.46
114.26
126.96
-4.190
-0.251
1.252
0.132
0.070 1.880
1.25
1252.19
125.67
127.68
141.87
1.26
1258.39
126.29
128.31
142.57
-2.399
-0.168
1.348
0.090
0.080 1.122
1.35
1348.11
135.30
137.46
152.73
0.010 -0.168 -2.399

0.010
1.14
1.18
-10.091 -0.404
0.009 -0.209 -4.190

0.009
3.548 0.070
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.008 -0.153 -3.834

0.009
5.412 0.050
#DIV/0!
0.008 -0.303 -10.091

0.008
9.750 0.020
#DIV/0!
0.007 -0.557 -18.567

0.007
16.750 0.020
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.006 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

0.007
59.000 0.010
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.004 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

0.004
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.002 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

0.002
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.001 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

0.001
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.001 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

0.001
#DIV/0! 0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
55
54.00
1.30
0.46
0.08
5.41
56
55.00
1.41
0.52
0.09
5.56
57
56.00
1.53
0.59
0.09
5.72
58
57.00
1.65
0.66
0.10
5.85
59
58.00
1.78
0.74
0.10
5.97
60
59.00
1.92
0.83
0.11
6.04
61
60.00
2.07
0.96
0.11
6.06
62
61.00
2.23
1.10
0.12
6.02
63
62.00
2.39
1.26
0.12
5.93
64
63.00
2.56
1.43
0.13
5.77
65
64.00
2.74
1.61
0.14
5.56
66
65.00
2.92
1.76
0.14
5.35
67
66.00
3.11
1.93
0.15
5.12
68
67.00
3.31
2.08
0.16
4.91
69
68.00
3.50
2.21
0.16
4.71
70
69.00
3.71
2.39
0.17
4.46
71
70.00
3.92
2.53
0.18
4.23
72
71.00
4.13
2.66
0.18
4.00
73
72.00
4.34
2.82
0.19
3.69
74
73.00
4.56
2.98
0.19
3.33
75
74.00
4.78
3.15
0.20
2.93
76
75.00
5.00
3.35
0.20
2.45
77
76.00
5.23
3.57
0.20
1.89
78
77.00
5.45
3.82
0.20
1.27
79
78.00
5.67
4.08
0.21
0.63
80
79.00
5.89
4.31
0.21
-0.01
81
80.00
6.11
4.54
0.21
-0.65
82
81.00
6.32
4.77
0.21
-1.30
83
82.00
6.52
5.02
0.21
-1.96
84
83.00
6.71
5.25
0.21
-2.62
85
84.00
6.89
5.50
0.20
-3.29
2.826 0.070
0.198
1.388
0.010 -0.098 -1.223

0.010
2.593 0.070
0.182
1.592
2.405 0.080
0.192
1.842
0.011 -0.074 -0.735
2.156 0.130
0.280
2.200
0.011 -0.142 -1.287
0.011
0.011
0.303
2.533
0.306
2.866
0.274
3.194
0.206
3.516
0.217
3.927
0.246
4.376
1.517 0.170
0.258
4.818
0.005 -0.043 -0.217
1.465 0.220
0.322
5.322
0.004 -0.096 -0.479
0.005
0.002
0.361
5.811
1.346 0.230
0.310
6.200
-0.001 -0.088 -0.421
1.299 0.250
0.325
6.645
-0.004 -0.121 -0.576
-0.002
-0.005
0.313
7.023
-0.154
1.990
2.373
0.128
0.147
0.173
0.070 1.825
0.090 1.636
0.140 1.235
-0.006 -0.127 -0.635
1.39
1387.83
139.28
141.51
157.23
1.51
1509.78
151.52
153.95
171.05
1.59
1591.53
159.73
162.28
180.31
1.72
1719.30
172.55
175.31
194.79
1.84
1842.43
184.91
187.87
208.74
1.99
1989.65
199.68
202.88
225.42
2.20
2200.31
220.82
224.36
249.29
2.37
2373.26
238.18
241.99
268.88
2.53
2533.49
254.26
258.33
287.03
2716.66
272.64
277.01
307.79
-1.287
-0.167
2.717
0.183
0.170 1.077
2.72
2.87
2866.34
287.67
292.27
324.74
-0.976
-0.137
3.047
0.180
0.150 1.203
3.05
3046.73
305.77
310.66
345.18
3.19
3193.94
320.54
325.67
361.86
3.40
3400.56
341.28
346.74
385.27
3.52
3515.88
352.85
358.50
398.33
3727.89
374.13
380.12
422.35
-0.623
-0.100
3.401
0.207
0.150 1.377
-0.154
-0.026
3.728
0.212
0.180 1.178
3.73
3.93
3926.92
394.11
400.41
444.90
-0.082
-0.015
4.137
0.210
0.130 1.619
4.14
4137.34
415.22
421.87
468.74
4.38
4376.24
439.20
446.23
495.81
4.60
4596.91
461.35
468.73
520.81
4.82
4817.97
483.53
491.27
545.85
5.04
5038.86
505.70
513.79
570.88
5.32
5322.30
534.15
542.69
602.99
5.54
5543.45
556.34
565.24
628.05
5.81
5811.32
583.22
592.56
658.40
6.03
6032.51
605.42
615.11
683.46
6.20
6199.54
622.19
632.14
702.38
6.41
6410.74
643.38
653.68
726.31
6.64
6644.70
666.86
677.53
752.81
6.84
6835.93
686.05
697.03
774.48
7.02
7023.18
704.85
716.12
795.69
-0.227
-0.217
-0.479
-0.043
-0.043
-0.096
4.597
5.039
5.543
0.221
0.221
0.221
0.160 1.379
0.200 1.104
0.250 0.885
0.001 -0.142 -0.679

0.000
1.253 0.250
-1.287
-0.081
1.719
0.007 -0.043 -0.227

0.006
1.390 0.260
-0.735
-0.080
0.008 -0.015 -0.082

0.007
1.539 0.160
-0.802
0.009 -0.025 -0.154

0.008
1.549 0.140
0.060 2.033
0.010 -0.093 -0.623

0.009
1.584 0.130
0.122
0.010 -0.137 -0.976

0.010
1.611 0.170
1.510
0.011 -0.154 -1.287

0.011
1.702 0.180
-0.110
0.011 -0.072 -0.802

0.011
1.897 0.160
-1.223
-0.679
-0.421
-0.576
-0.142
-0.088
-0.121
6.033
6.411
6.836
0.221
0.211
0.191
0.230 0.962
0.230 0.918
0.230 0.831
86
85.00
7.04
5.76
0.20
-3.96
87
86.00
7.19
6.01
0.20
-4.62
88
87.00
7.32
6.26
0.19
-5.26
89
88.00
7.46
6.50
0.18
-5.84
90
89.00
7.57
6.69
0.18
-6.37
91
90.00
7.67
6.89
0.17
-6.89
92
91.00
7.75
7.06
0.16
-7.39
93
92.00
7.81
7.22
0.15
-7.88
94
93.00
7.85
7.38
0.14
-8.35
95
94.00
7.88
7.54
0.13
-8.76
96
95.00
7.90
7.68
0.12
-9.10
97
96.00
7.90
7.81
0.11
-9.37
98
97.00
7.91
7.90
0.10
-9.59
99
98.00
7.90
7.96
0.09
-9.80
100 99.00
7.88
8.02
0.07
-9.98
101 100.00
7.85
8.06
0.06
-10.08
102 101.00
7.80
8.09
0.05
-10.17
103 102.00
7.74
8.13
0.04
-10.26
104 103.00
7.68
8.15
0.03
-10.34
105 104.00
7.61
8.20
0.01
-10.33
106 105.00
7.53
8.16
0.00
-10.23
107 106.00
7.45
8.14
-0.01
-10.10
108 107.00
7.36
8.14
-0.02
-10.03
109 108.00
7.26
8.13
-0.03
-9.96
110 109.00
7.16
8.10
-0.03
-9.85
111 110.00
7.05
8.07
-0.04
-9.69
112 111.00
6.94
8.03
-0.05
-9.49
113 112.00
6.82
7.97
-0.06
-9.24
114 113.00
6.70
7.90
-0.07
-8.95
115 114.00
6.58
7.81
-0.08
-8.57
116 115.00
6.44
7.69
-0.09
-8.10
-0.007
1.196 0.250
0.299
7.339
-0.635
-0.010
1.148 0.240
0.275
7.595
-0.703
0.223
7.793
0.173
7.923
0.167
8.017
-0.016 -0.121 -0.930
1.012 0.130
0.131
8.031
-0.017 -0.114 -1.037
-0.017
7.919
-0.019 -0.050 -0.838
0.952 0.040
0.038
7.838
-0.019 -0.079 -1.976
-0.019
0.915 -0.020 -0.018
7.512
0.893 -0.010 -0.009
7.351
-0.018 -0.073
0.874 -0.030 -0.026
7.134
-0.018 -0.066
0.856 -0.060 -0.051
6.889
-0.017 -0.052
0.843 -0.090 -0.076
6.624
-0.016 -0.028
-0.015
7595.45
762.28
774.48
860.53
7706.43
773.42
785.79
873.10
7.79
7792.64
782.07
794.58
882.87
0.170 0.438
7.87
7867.11
789.54
802.18
891.31
7.92
7923.07
795.16
807.88
897.65
7.96
7957.38
798.60
811.38
901.53
8.02
8017.21
804.61
817.48
908.31
8.03
8028.54
805.74
818.64
909.60
8.03
8031.50
806.04
818.94
909.93
8.03
8031.53
806.04
818.94
909.93
7.97
7969.55
799.82
812.62
902.91
7.94
7938.47
796.70
809.45
899.39
7.92
7918.96
794.75
807.46
897.18
7.86
7860.75
788.90
801.53
890.59
7.84
7838.08
786.63
799.22
888.02
7.76
7758.47
778.64
791.10
879.00
7.73
7726.40
775.42
787.83
875.36
7548.98
757.62
769.74
855.26
-0.092
-0.112
-0.104
7.957
8.029
8.032
0.034
0.011
0.000
0.160 0.214
0.140 0.081
0.090 0.000
-0.040
-0.042
-0.059
7.938
7.861
7.758
-0.031
-0.058
-0.080
0.060 -0.518
0.030 -1.940
0.020 -3.981
-9.723
0.000
7.549
-0.177
-0.040 4.435
7.55
7.51
7511.70
753.87
765.94
851.04
4.295
-0.086
7.465
-0.047
0.000 #DIV/0!
7.46
7464.52
749.14
761.13
845.69
7.35
7351.07
737.75
749.56
832.84
7.25
7250.87
727.70
739.34
821.49
7.13
7133.79
715.95
727.40
808.23
7039.87
706.52
717.83
797.58
-0.073
7.251
-0.100
-0.030 3.340
1.645
1.645
-0.082
7.040
-0.094
-0.040 2.348
7.04
6.89
6888.66
691.35
702.41
780.45
0.859
-0.060
6.777
-0.112
-0.070 1.599
6.78
6776.70
680.11
690.99
767.77
6.62
6624.17
664.80
675.44
750.49
6.49
6486.84
651.02
661.44
734.93
0.859
-0.017
845.55
7.60
0.074
2.420
-0.018
761.00
7.867
2.420
-0.018
749.01
-0.103
4.295
-0.019
7463.25
-0.646
-0.019 -0.097 -9.723

-0.019 -0.043
831.48
7.46
7.71
-1.976
-0.019
812.83
748.34
0.190 0.584
-0.838
-0.019
731.55
736.55
0.111
-0.571
0.039
7.726
0.250 0.497
-0.018 -0.051 -0.571
0.974 0.040
0.046
0.124
720.03
7339.08
7.706
-1.037
-0.019
0.928 0.050
7.463
7174.43
7.34
-0.125
-0.930
-0.018
7.970
-0.133
7.17
-0.692
-0.656
1.045 0.160
0.060
0.260 0.582
-0.015 -0.098 -0.656

-0.015
0.992 0.060
0.151
-0.013 -0.110 -0.646

-0.014
1.082 0.160
7.174
-0.011 -0.125 -0.692

-0.012
1.113 0.200
-0.127
-0.009 -0.141 -0.703
0.353
0.353
-0.032
6.487
-0.137
-0.120 1.144
117 116.00
6.29
7.58
-0.10
-7.58
118 117.00
6.14
7.44
-0.11
-7.05
119 118.00
5.97
7.31
-0.11
-6.55
120 119.00
5.79
7.22
-0.12
-6.10
121 120.00
5.61
7.13
-0.13
-5.73
122 121.00
5.42
7.08
-0.14
-5.43
123 122.00
5.22
6.99
-0.15
-5.07
124 123.00
5.01
6.81
-0.15
-4.58
125 124.00
4.79
6.65
-0.16
-4.05
126 125.00
4.56
6.48
-0.17
-3.51
127 126.00
4.33
6.26
-0.17
-2.87
128 127.00
4.10
6.03
-0.17
-2.13
129 128.00
3.87
5.75
-0.17
-1.36
130 129.00
3.63
5.52
-0.17
-0.72
131 130.00
3.40
5.38
-0.17
-0.25
132 131.00
3.17
5.21
-0.17
0.21
133 132.00
2.96
5.00
-0.16
0.79
134 133.00
2.74
4.78
-0.16
1.41
135 134.00
2.54
4.55
-0.16
2.02
136 135.00
2.34
4.33
-0.16
2.60
137 136.00
2.15
4.11
-0.16
3.15
138 137.00
1.98
3.90
-0.15
3.66
139 138.00
1.81
3.69
-0.15
4.09
140 139.00
1.65
3.54
-0.14
4.37
141 140.00
1.50
3.44
-0.13
4.50
142 141.00
1.36
3.35
-0.13
4.57
143 142.00
1.24
3.26
-0.12
4.64
144 143.00
1.12
3.16
-0.12
4.72
145 144.00
1.01
3.09
-0.11
4.83
146 145.00
0.91
3.01
-0.10
4.94
147 146.00
0.82
2.95
-0.10
5.06
0.830 -0.110 -0.091
6.349
-0.014 -0.045
0.447
-0.013
0.817 -0.130 -0.106
6.034
-0.012 -0.052
0.447
5.719
-0.011 -0.099
0.747 -0.090 -0.067
5.353
-0.009 -0.123
0.470
-0.008 -0.097
0.758
0.823
4.408
-0.005 -0.073
3.912
-0.003 -0.039
3.542
0.000 -0.141
3.046
0.001 -0.087
2.612
0.004 -0.075
2.225
0.006 -0.081
0.491 -0.210 -0.103
1.877
0.008 -0.075
0.008 -0.115
1.326
0.009 -0.094
0.327 -0.070 -0.023
1.097
0.009 -0.096
0.009 -0.083
-0.211
-0.180 1.172
647.35
719.28
622.45
632.41
702.68
6.03
6033.83
605.56
615.24
683.60
5.86
5857.69
587.88
597.28
663.65
5.72
5719.19
573.98
583.16
647.96
5.54
5536.21
555.61
564.50
627.23
5.35
5352.79
537.21
545.80
606.45
5.14
5141.88
516.04
524.30
582.55
4.89
4894.75
491.24
499.10
554.55
4669.83
468.66
476.16
529.07
-0.225
-0.170 1.323
4.67
4.41
4407.83
442.37
449.45
499.39
0.426
-0.073
4.176
-0.231
-0.230 1.006
4.18
4176.45
419.15
425.86
473.17
3.91
3911.55
392.56
398.84
443.16
3.67
3670.36
368.36
374.25
415.83
3.54
3541.52
355.43
361.11
401.24
3310.67
332.26
337.58
375.08
-0.039
3.670
-0.241
-0.230 1.049
0.830
-0.141
3.311
-0.231
-0.170 1.358
3.31
3.05
3045.68
305.66
310.56
345.06
0.545
-0.087
2.825
-0.221
-0.220 1.005
2.82
2824.53
283.47
288.01
320.01
2.61
2611.60
262.10
266.29
295.88
2.41
2410.53
241.92
245.79
273.10
2.22
2224.91
223.29
226.87
252.07
2.05
2048.92
205.63
208.92
232.13
1.88
1876.99
188.37
191.39
212.65
1.71
1711.50
171.77
174.51
193.90
1.61
1606.40
161.22
163.80
182.00
1.47
1466.27
147.15
149.51
166.12
1.33
1325.77
133.05
135.18
150.20
1.21
1205.62
121.00
122.93
136.59
1.10
1097.12
110.11
111.87
124.30
0.99
988.18
99.17
100.76
111.96
0.89
893.32
89.65
91.09
101.21
0.497
-0.075
2.411
-0.201
-0.220 0.914
-0.076
2.049
-0.176
-0.210 0.838
-0.070
1.712
-0.165
-0.150 1.103
0.883
0.883
-0.115
1.466
-0.140
-0.090 1.557
0.786
0.786
-0.094
1.206
-0.120
-0.100 1.201
0.873
0.873
0.827
637.16
4.670
0.505
0.009
0.893
5.142
0.497
0.009
0.278 -0.060 -0.017
-0.123
0.505
0.008
0.380 -0.090 -0.034
-0.050 3.660
6348.72
6202.20
-0.103
0.471
0.008
1.606
-0.183
0.471
0.007
0.436 -0.100 -0.044
5.536
0.545
0.005
0.523 -0.220 -0.115
-0.106
0.830
0.003
0.558 -0.230 -0.128
-0.090 1.957
6.35
6.20
0.608
0.230
0.000
0.592 -0.210 -0.124
-0.176
0.230
-0.001
0.632 -0.140 -0.088
5.858
0.426
-0.004
0.673 -0.280 -0.188
-0.056
0.608
-0.007
0.692 -0.220 -0.152
-0.140 1.047
0.823
-0.008
4.895
-0.147
0.758
-0.010
0.720 -0.160 -0.115
6.202
0.470
-0.011
0.787 -0.090 -0.071
-0.049
-0.087
0.988
-0.109
-0.080 1.362
148 147.00
0.74
2.88
-0.09
5.14
149 148.00
0.66
2.80
-0.08
5.15
150 149.00
0.60
2.74
-0.07
5.10
151 150.00
0.53
2.68
-0.07
5.02
152 151.00
0.47
2.62
-0.06
4.87
153 152.00
0.42
2.58
-0.06
4.66
154 153.00
0.38
2.52
-0.06
4.42
155 154.00
0.33
2.48
-0.05
4.24
156 155.00
0.30
2.43
-0.05
4.13
157 156.00
0.26
2.38
-0.05
4.02
158 157.00
0.23
2.35
-0.04
3.85
159 158.00
0.20
2.31
-0.04
3.66
160 159.00
0.18
2.26
-0.04
3.48
161 160.00
0.16
2.21
-0.03
3.30
162 161.00
0.15
2.17
-0.03
3.11
163 162.00
0.13
2.12
-0.03
2.92
164 163.00
0.12
2.08
-0.02
2.76
165 164.00
0.11
2.03
-0.02
2.65
166 165.00
0.10
2.00
-0.02
2.57
167 166.00
0.10
1.99
-0.02
2.49
168 167.00
0.10
1.97
-0.02
2.39
169 168.00
0.09
1.96
-0.01
2.27
170 169.00
0.09
1.97
-0.01
2.12
171 170.00
0.09
1.98
-0.01
1.96
172 171.00
0.10
1.99
-0.01
1.81
173 172.00
0.10
2.01
0.00
1.66
174 173.00
0.10
2.02
0.00
1.53
175 174.00
0.10
2.03
0.00
1.41
176 175.00
0.10
2.03
0.00
1.31
177 176.00
0.10
2.04
0.00
1.21
178 177.00
0.09
2.04
0.01
1.12
0.010
0.236 -0.080 -0.019
0.721
0.010 -0.071
0.827
0.009
0.198 -0.060 -0.012
0.588
0.009 -0.067
0.463
0.009 -0.052
0.375
0.008 -0.053
0.295
0.007 -0.042
0.087 -0.040 -0.003
0.227
0.007 -0.033
0.176
0.006 -0.023
0.061 -0.050 -0.003
0.147
0.005 -0.022
0.054 -0.050 -0.003
0.117
0.005 -0.012
0.050 -0.010 -0.001
0.099
0.005 -0.004
0.046 -0.010 0.000
0.100
0.004 -0.014
0.045 0.010
0.000
0.090
0.004 -0.004
0.050 0.020
0.001
0.101
0.003 -0.004
0.049 0.010
0.000
0.100
0.049 0.010
0.000
0.100
0.59
588.13
59.03
59.97
66.63
-0.060 1.156
0.52
518.78
52.06
52.90
58.77
0.46
463.49
46.52
47.26
52.51
0.869
-0.052
0.424
-0.040
-0.060 0.659
0.42
423.93
42.55
43.23
48.03
0.37
374.68
37.60
38.20
42.45
1.051
-0.053
0.345
-0.030
-0.050 0.596
0.34
344.88
34.61
35.17
39.07
0.29
294.54
29.56
30.03
33.37
0.26
256.45
25.74
26.15
29.06
0.23
226.54
22.74
23.10
25.67
206.87
20.76
21.09
23.44
-0.034
0.256
-0.038
-0.030 1.269
0.833
-0.033
0.207
-0.020
-0.050 0.393
0.21
0.18
176.38
17.70
17.98
19.98
0.750
-0.023
0.167
-0.010
-0.040 0.241
0.17
166.73
16.73
17.00
18.89
0.15
146.93
14.75
14.98
16.65
0.13
129.78
13.02
13.23
14.70
0.12
117.29
11.77
11.96
13.29
107.44
10.78
10.96
12.17
-0.015
0.130
-0.017
-0.040 0.429
0.610
-0.012
0.107
-0.010
-0.030 0.328
0.11
0.10
99.50
9.99
10.15
11.27
0.206
-0.004
0.100
0.000
-0.020 -0.009
0.10
99.68
10.00
10.16
11.29
0.10
99.54
9.99
10.15
11.28
1.375
-0.014
0.100
0.000
0.010 0.028
0.10
99.82
10.02
10.18
11.31
0.09
90.45
9.08
9.22
10.25
0.409
-0.004
0.101
0.010
0.010 1.028
0.10
100.73
10.11
10.27
11.41
0.10
101.00
10.14
10.30
11.44
4.075
-0.004
0.101
0.000
0.010 0.024
0.10
101.24
10.16
10.32
11.47
10.25
11.39
4.075
0.003 -0.003 #DIV/0!
0.10
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.002 -0.003 #DIV/0!

0.002
73.91
-0.069
0.409
0.002
66.52
0.519
1.375
0.003
65.47
-0.058
0.206
0.003
81.70
652.40
0.964
0.745
0.004
91.19
0.65
0.610
0.004
73.53
-0.060 1.146
0.745
0.005
82.07
72.37
-0.069
0.750
0.005
80.78
721.14
0.652
0.840
0.006
804.90
0.72
-0.062
0.833
0.006
0.80
0.884
0.840
0.007
0.072 -0.050 -0.004
-0.070 1.263
1.051
0.008
0.109 -0.050 -0.005
-0.088
0.869
0.008
0.133 -0.040 -0.005
0.805
0.964
0.009
0.163 -0.040 -0.007
-0.074
0.884
0.10
100.49
10.09
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
100.49
10.09
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
10.25
11.39
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
179 178.00
0.09
2.05
0.01
1.02
180 179.00
0.09
2.06
0.01
0.92
181 180.00
0.09
2.08
0.01
0.82
182 181.00
0.08
2.08
0.01
0.72
183 182.00
0.07
2.11
0.01
0.59
184 183.00
0.07
2.13
0.01
0.45
185 184.00
0.06
2.14
0.01
0.32
186 185.00
0.06
2.15
0.01
0.20
187 186.00
0.05
2.16
0.01
0.08
188 187.00
0.04
2.17
0.01
0.00
189 188.00
0.04
2.18
0.01
-0.08
190 189.00
0.03
2.18
0.01
-0.17
191 190.00
0.03
2.17
0.01
-0.23
192 191.00
0.02
2.18
0.01
-0.29
193 192.00
0.02
2.19
0.01
-0.35
194 193.00
0.01
2.19
0.01
-0.38
195 194.00
0.01
2.17
0.01
-0.38
196 195.00
0.01
2.18
0.00
-0.37
197 196.00
0.00
2.16
0.00
-0.35
198 197.00
0.00
2.17
0.00
-0.34
199 198.00
0.00
2.18
0.00
-0.36
200 199.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.044 0.010
0.000
0.090
0.002 -0.002 -0.233

0.002
0.043 0.020
0.001
0.091
0.033 0.030
0.001
0.081
0.001 -0.012 -1.209
0.028 0.010
0.000
0.070
0.001 -0.011 -1.087
0.001
0.060
0.000
0.040
0.000
0.000
0.030
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.020
-0.001 0.001
0.010
-0.001 0.001
0.010
0.000
0.000
9.24
10.27
0.09
90.87
9.12
9.27
10.29
-0.239
-0.002
0.081
-0.010
0.000 #DIV/0!
0.08
81.05
8.13
8.26
9.18
0.08
81.00
8.13
8.26
9.18
0.08
81.26
8.15
8.29
9.21
0.07
70.28
7.05
7.17
7.96
70.50
7.08
7.19
7.99
-0.012
0.081
0.000
0.020 0.013
-1.087
-0.011
0.071
0.000
0.010 0.022
0.07
0.06
60.23
6.04
6.14
6.82
-1.038
-0.010
0.050
-0.010
0.010 -0.985
0.05
50.38
5.06
5.14
5.71
0.04
40.18
4.03
4.10
4.55
-0.004
0.000
0.030
-0.010
0.000 #DIV/0!
0.03
30.35
3.05
3.09
3.44
0.03
29.86
3.00
3.04
3.38
0.057
0.001
0.020
-0.010
0.010 -0.989
0.02
19.97
2.00
2.04
2.26
0.02
20.09
2.02
2.05
2.28
0.056
0.001
0.010
-0.010
0.000 #DIV/0!
0.01
10.15
1.02
1.03
1.15
0.01
9.91
0.99
1.01
1.12
0.080
0.000
0.011
0.001
0.010 0.078
0.01
10.69
1.07
1.09
1.21
1.02
1.13
-0.001 -0.009 #DIV/0!

-0.001
0.000 0.010
9.10
0.080
-0.001
0.000 -0.020 0.000
90.62
0.056
-0.001
0.005 -0.020 0.000
0.09
0.057
-0.001
0.009 0.010
10.25
0.010 0.019
-0.004
0.000
0.014 -0.010 0.000
9.22
0.000
0.000 -0.010 -1.038

0.000
0.018 0.010
9.08
0.091
-1.209
0.000
0.000
90.44
-0.002
0.002 -0.002 -0.239

0.001
0.023 0.010
0.09
-0.233
-0.001 0.001 #DIV/0!

0.000
0.01
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.010 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

0.00
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -2.180 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
10.00
1.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
APPENDIX 5
No
Displace Veloci Acceler

Time Load
ment
ty
ation
(ms) (MN)
(mm) (m/s) (m/s2)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Ma(i+1)
u(i+1) Fstat
- u(i) - Ma
Cv
Ku
Fu
Form Consta
ula
nt
Fu(i)
Ku
Fu
MN to
kN
Normali
sed
kN to Ton to
data
Ton Tonnes
(Tonne
s/m)
-0.06 0.00186 -0.0001 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450 0.000 0.000 0.450 0.000 0.450 450.094 45.171 45.894 50.994
-0.05
-0.0001 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450
0.000 0.450 450.094 45.171 45.894 50.994
-0.05
-0.0001 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450 0.000 0.000 0.450 0.000 0.450 450.094 45.171 45.894 50.994
-0.05
-0.0001 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450
0.000 0.450 450.094 45.171 45.894 50.994
-0.06
-0.0001 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450 0.000 0.000 0.450 0.000 0.450 450.112 45.173 45.896 50.996
-0.08
-0.0001 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450
0.000 0.450 450.112 45.173 45.896 50.996
-0.09
-0.0002 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450 0.000 0.000 0.450 0.000 0.450 450.168 45.179 45.902 51.002
-0.11
-0.0002 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450
0.000 0.450 450.168 45.179 45.902 51.002
-0.12
-0.0002 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450 0.000 0.000 0.450 0.000 0.450 450.224 45.184 45.907 51.008
-0.12
-0.0002 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450
0.000 0.450 450.224 45.184 45.907 51.008
-0.13
-0.0002 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450 0.019 0.000 0.450 0.000 0.450 450.242 45.186 45.909 51.010
-0.12
-0.0002 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450
0.000 0.450 450.242 45.186 45.909 51.010
-0.10
-0.0002 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450 -0.037 0.000 0.450 0.000 0.450 450.149 45.177 45.900 51.000
-0.08
-0.0001 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450
0.000 0.450 450.149 45.177 45.900 51.000
-0.07
-0.0001 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450 0.000 0.000 0.450 0.000 0.450 450.094 45.171 45.894 50.994
-0.05
-0.0001 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450
0.000 0.450 450.094 45.171 45.894 50.994
-0.03
-0.0001 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450 0.000 0.000 0.450 0.000 0.450 450.056 45.168 45.890 50.989
-0.04
-0.0001 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450
0.000 0.450 450.056 45.168 45.890 50.989
-0.03
-0.0001 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450 0.000 0.000 0.450 0.000 0.450 450.019 45.164 45.887 50.985
-0.01
0.0000 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450
0.000 0.450 450.019 45.164 45.887 50.985
0.02
0.0000 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450 0.000 0.000 0.450 0.000 0.450 449.926 45.155 45.877 50.975
0.04
0.0001 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450
0.000 0.450 449.926 45.155 45.877 50.975
0.07
0.0001 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.450 0.450 0.000 0.000 0.450 0.000 0.450 449.759 45.138 45.860 50.956
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
23.00
24.00
25.00
26.00
27.00
28.00
29.00
30.00
31.00
32.00
33.00
34.00
35.00
36.00
37.00
38.00
39.00
40.00
41.00
42.00
43.00
44.00
45.00
46.00
47.00
48.00
49.00
50.00
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.49
0.50
0.53
0.55
0.59
0.63
0.67
0.73
0.78
0.85
0.92
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.12
0.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.13
0.20
0.28
0.37
0.49
0.62
0.76
0.89
1.02
1.16
1.31
1.48
1.69
1.91
2.13
2.38
2.65
2.88
3.12
3.35
3.56
3.78
3.99
4.16
4.33
4.51
4.66
4.80
52 51.00 1.01
53 52.00 1.10
0.24
0.31
0.06
0.07
4.96
5.13
0.0002
0.0004
0.0005
0.0007
0.0009
0.0012
0.0014
0.0017
0.0019
0.0022
0.0024
0.0027
0.0031
0.0035
0.0040
0.0044
0.0049
0.0053
0.0058
0.0062
0.0066
0.0070
0.0074
0.0077
0.0080
0.0084
0.0086
0.0089
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.05
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.52
0.54
0.58
0.62
0.66
0.72
0.77
0.84
0.91
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.05
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.450
0.449
0.449
0.449
0.449
0.449
0.449
0.448
0.448
0.448
0.448
0.447
0.447
0.446
0.456
0.456
0.456
0.485
0.494
0.524
0.524
0.583
0.583
0.662
0.722
0.772
0.841
0.911
0.450
0.450
0.449
0.449
0.449
0.449
0.449
0.448
0.448
0.448
0.448
0.447
0.447
0.446
0.456
0.456
0.465
0.485
0.494
0.524
0.543
0.583
0.623
0.662
0.722
0.772
0.841
0.911
0.000
0.000 0.000 0.449 0.000
0.000
0.000 0.000 0.449 0.000
0.000
0.000 0.000 0.449 0.000
0.000
0.000 0.000 0.448 0.000
0.000
0.000 0.000 0.448 0.000
0.000
0.000 0.000 0.447 0.000
0.000
0.959 0.000 0.446 0.000
0.000
0.005 0.000 0.456 0.000
0.000
0.956 0.000 0.475 0.000
0.000
0.010 0.000 0.524 0.000
0.000
0.017 0.006 0.582 0.000
0.000
5.968 0.013 0.483 0.000
0.000
1.413 2.780 0.660 0.056
0.111
1.812 3.579 0.642 0.179
0.450
0.449
0.449
0.449
0.449
0.449
0.449
0.448
0.448
0.448
0.448
0.447
0.447
0.446
0.446
0.456
0.456
0.475
0.475
0.524
0.524
0.582
0.582
0.483
0.483
0.715
0.771
0.820
449.759
449.481
449.481
449.091
449.091
448.590
448.590
448.108
448.108
447.570
447.570
446.865
446.865
446.457
446.457
455.539
455.539
475.100
475.100
523.575
523.575
582.461
582.461
483.227
483.227
715.114
770.707
820.483
45.138
45.110
45.110
45.071
45.071
45.021
45.021
44.972
44.972
44.918
44.918
44.847
44.847
44.806
44.806
45.718
45.718
47.681
47.681
52.546
52.546
58.456
58.456
48.497
48.497
71.769
77.348
82.344
45.860
45.832
45.832
45.792
45.792
45.741
45.741
45.692
45.692
45.637
45.637
45.565
45.565
45.523
45.523
46.449
46.449
48.444
48.444
53.387
53.387
59.391
59.391
49.273
49.273
72.917
78.586
83.661
50.956
50.924
50.924
50.880
50.880
50.823
50.823
50.768
50.768
50.708
50.708
50.628
50.628
50.581
50.581
51.610
51.610
53.827
53.827
59.319
59.319
65.990
65.990
54.747
54.747
81.019
87.317
92.957
101.06
0.0092 0.07 1.00 0.06 0.07 1.00 1.001 1.001
0.251 0.892 892.065 89.528 90.960
7
0.0095 0.07 1.09 0.07 0.07 1.00 1.090 1.090 0.076 8.972 0.457 0.628 1.085 1085.19 108.91 110.65 122.94
1
0
2
7
1174.91 117.91 119.80 133.11
3
4
1
2
0.718 1.175
1.221 -0.377 0.843 843.417 84.645 86.000 95.555
101.66
-0.323 0.897 897.322 90.055 91.496
2
0.434 0.007 0.442 441.557 44.315 45.024 50.026
0.007 0.442 441.557 44.315 45.024 50.026
1067.82 107.16 108.88 120.98
0.510 0.558 1.068
7
7
2
0
1137.58 114.16 115.99 128.88
0.628 1.138
9
8
5
3
1180.54 118.47 120.37 133.75
5
9
5
0
0.137 1.043 1.181
1260.78 126.53 128.55 142.84
1.123 1.261
2
2
7
1
1362.69 136.76 138.94 154.38
-0.007 1.370 1.363
7
0
8
7
1448.30 145.35 147.67 164.08
3
2
7
6
1.455 1.448
2678.69 268.83 273.13 303.48
3.761 -1.082 2.679
4
4
5
3
2859.08 286.93 291.52 323.92
-0.902 2.859
4
8
9
1
2416.09 242.47 246.35 273.73
5
9
9
2
3.732 -1.315 2.416
2570.85 258.01 262.13 291.26
-1.161 2.571
8
1
9
6
3292.97 330.48 335.77 373.07
2.778 0.515 3.293
1
3
0
8
3491.04 350.36 355.96 395.51
2
1
7
9
0.713 3.491
54 53.00 1.19
55 54.00 1.30
0.39
0.46
0.07
0.08
5.28
5.41
0.0098 0.08 1.18 0.07 0.08 1.00 1.180 1.180

0.0100 0.07 1.29 0.08 0.07 1.00 1.290 1.290 5.582 -5.390
56 55.00 1.41
57 56.00 1.53
58 57.00 1.65
0.52
0.59
0.66
0.09
0.09
0.10
5.56
5.72
5.85
0.0103 0.06 1.40 0.09 0.06 1.00 1.400 1.400

0.0106 0.07 1.52 0.09 0.07 1.00 1.519 1.519 11.976 0.105
0.0109 0.07 1.64 0.10 0.07 1.00 1.639 1.639
59 58.00 1.78
0.74
0.10
5.97
0.0111 0.08 1.77 0.10 0.08 1.00 1.769 1.769 7.011 6.976
60 59.00 1.92
0.83
0.11
6.04
0.0112 0.09 1.91 0.11 0.09 1.00 1.909 1.909
61 60.00 2.07
0.96
0.11
6.06
0.0112 0.13 2.06 0.11 0.13 1.00 2.059 2.059 7.984 8.024
62 61.00 2.23
1.10
0.12
6.02
0.0112 0.14 2.22 0.12 0.14 1.00 2.219 2.219
63 62.00 2.39
1.26
0.12
5.93
0.0110 0.16 2.38 0.12 0.16 1.00 2.379 2.379 8.469 8.561
64 63.00 2.56
1.43
0.13
5.77
0.0107 0.17 2.55 0.13 0.17 1.00 2.549 2.549
65 64.00 2.74
1.61
0.14
5.56
0.0103 0.18 2.73 0.14 0.18 1.00 2.730 2.730 0.364 -6.013
66 65.00 2.92
1.76
0.14
5.35
0.0099 0.15 2.91 0.14 0.15 1.00 2.910 2.910
67 66.00 3.11
1.93
0.15
5.12
0.0095 0.17 3.10 0.15 0.17 1.00 3.100 3.100 4.563 -7.738
68 67.00 3.31
2.08
0.16
4.91
0.0091 0.15 3.30 0.16 0.15 1.00 3.301 3.301
69 68.00 3.50
2.21
0.16
4.71
0.0087 0.13 3.49 0.16 0.13 1.00 3.491 3.491 1.239 3.961
70 69.00 3.71
2.39
0.17
4.46
0.0083 0.18 3.70 0.17 0.18 1.00 3.702 3.702
4.23
3791.58 380.52 386.61 429.56

21.04
6.738 -2.946 3.792
2
3
2
8
0.0078 0.14 3.91 0.18 0.14 1.00 3.912 3.912 0.670
3
71 70.00 3.92
2.53
0.18
72 71.00 4.13
2.66
0.18
4.00
0.0074 0.13 4.12 0.18 0.13 1.00 4.123 4.123
-2.736 4.002
73 72.00 4.34
2.82
0.19
3.69
0.0068 0.16 4.33 0.19 0.16 1.00 4.333 4.333 0.775 0.653 4.081 0.104 4.186
74 73.00 4.56
2.98
0.19
3.33
0.0062 0.16 4.55 0.19 0.16 1.00 4.333 4.554
75 74.00 4.78
3.15
0.20
2.93
0.0054 0.17 4.77 0.20 0.17 1.00 4.775 4.775 0.891 7.363 3.345 1.252 4.596
76 75.00 5.00
3.35
0.20
2.45
0.0045 0.20 5.00 0.20 0.20 1.00 4.995 4.995
77 76.00 5.23
3.57
0.20
1.89
0.0035 0.22 5.23 0.20 0.22 1.00 5.226 5.226 0.957 7.372 3.413 1.622 5.035
78 77.00 5.45
3.82
0.20
1.27
0.0024 0.25 5.45 0.20 0.25 1.00 5.448 5.448
79 78.00 5.67
4.08
0.21
0.63
0.0012 0.26 5.67 0.21 0.26 1.00 5.669 5.669 1.075 -7.373 7.360 -1.917 5.443
80 79.00 5.89
4.31
0.21
-0.01
0.0000 0.23 5.89 0.21 0.23 1.00 5.890 5.890
81 80.00 6.11
4.54
0.21
-0.65
-0.0012 0.23 6.11 0.21 0.23 1.00 6.111 6.111 1.170 1.281 5.571 0.295 5.866
82 81.00 6.32
4.77
0.21
-1.30
-0.0024 0.23 6.32 0.21 0.23 1.00 6.111 6.322
83 82.00 6.52
5.02
0.21
-1.96
-0.0036 0.25 6.52 0.21 0.25 1.00 6.524 6.524 1.241 -9.561 8.653 -2.390 6.263
84 83.00 6.71
5.25
0.21
-2.62
-0.0049 0.23 6.71 0.21 0.23 1.00 6.715 6.715
85 84.00 6.89
5.50
0.20
-3.29
-2.199 6.454
15.12
2.865 3.781 6.646
-0.0061 0.25 6.90 0.20 0.25 1.00 6.896 6.896 1.250
4
86 85.00 7.04
5.76
0.20
-3.96
-0.0073 0.26 7.05 0.20 0.26 1.00 7.047 7.047
87 86.00 7.19
6.01
0.20
-4.62
3.932 6.797
-0.0086 0.25 7.20 0.20 0.25 1.00 4.028 7.199 13.119 1.634 6.244 0.408 6.652
88 87.00 7.32
89 88.00 7.46
6.26
6.50
0.19
0.18
-5.26
-5.84
-0.0098 0.25 7.33 0.19 0.25 1.00 4.159 7.330

0.408 6.652
-0.0108 0.24 7.47 0.18 0.24 1.00 7.471 7.471 1.241 -2.220 7.780 -0.533 7.248
0.104 4.186
1.473 4.817
1.843 5.256
-1.696 5.664
0.295 5.866
4002.00
9
4185.81
6
4185.81
6
4596.31
6
4817.20
7
5034.99
3
5256.14
4
5443.16
2
5664.35
1
5865.53
2
5865.53
2
6263.07
0
6454.29
5
6646.19
0
6797.43
3
6652.02
1
6652.02
1
7247.53
401.64
2
420.08
9
420.08
9
461.28
6
483.45
5
505.31
2
527.50
7
546.27
6
568.47
4
588.66
5
588.66
5
628.56
2
647.75
3
667.01
2
682.19
0
667.59
7
667.59
7
727.36
408.06
8
426.81
0
426.81
0
468.66
7
491.19
0
513.39
7
535.94
7
555.01
6
577.57
0
598.08
3
598.08
3
638.61
9
658.11
7
677.68
4
693.10
5
678.27
8
678.27
8
739.00
453.40
9
474.23
3
474.23
3
520.74
1
545.76
7
570.44
1
595.49
6
616.68
5
641.74
4
664.53
7
664.53
7
709.57
6
731.24
1
752.98
2
770.11
7
753.64
3
753.64
3
821.11
90 89.00 7.57
6.69
0.18
-6.37
-0.0118 0.19 7.58 0.18 0.19 1.00 7.582 7.582
-0.422 7.359
91 90.00 7.67
6.89
0.17
-6.89
-0.0128 0.20 7.68 0.17 0.20 1.00 7.683 7.683 -0.138 -2.651 8.237 -0.530 7.706
92 91.00 7.75
7.06
0.16
-7.39
-0.0137 0.17 7.76 0.16 0.17 1.00 7.764 7.764
93 92.00 7.81
7.22
0.15
-7.88
-0.0146 0.16 7.82 0.15 0.16 1.00 7.825 7.825 -4.087 1.195 8.246 0.191 8.438
94 93.00 7.85
7.38
0.14
-8.35
-0.0155 0.16 7.87 0.14 0.16 1.00 7.865 7.865
95 94.00 7.88
7.54
0.13
-8.76
-0.0163 0.16 7.90 0.13 0.16 1.00 7.896 7.896 -0.109 -0.977 8.067 -0.156 7.910
96 95.00 7.90
7.68
0.12
-9.10
-0.0169 0.14 7.92 0.12 0.14 1.00 7.917 7.917
97 96.00 7.90
7.81
0.11
-9.37
-0.0174 0.13 7.92 0.11 0.13 1.00 7.917 7.917 0.502 -0.386 7.912 -0.050 7.862
98 97.00 7.91
7.90
0.10
-9.59
-0.0178 0.09 7.93 0.10 0.09 1.00 7.928 7.928
99 98.00 7.90
7.96
0.09
-9.80
-0.0182 0.06 7.92 0.09 0.06 1.00 7.918 7.918 0.983 0.470 7.802 0.028 7.830
100 99.00 7.88
8.02
0.07
-9.98
-0.0185 0.06 7.90 0.07 0.06 1.00 7.899 7.899
101 100.00 7.85
8.06
0.06
-10.08
-0.0187 0.04 7.87 0.06 0.04 1.00 7.869 7.869 2.570 2.414 7.618 0.097 7.715
102 101.00 7.80
8.09
0.05
-10.17
-0.0189 0.03 7.82 0.05 0.03 1.00 7.819 7.819
103 102.00 7.74
8.13
0.04
-10.26
-0.0190 0.04 7.76 0.04 0.04 1.00 7.759 7.759 1.320 2.333 7.613 0.093 7.706
104 103.00 7.68
8.15
0.03
-10.34
-0.0192 0.02 7.70 0.03 0.02 1.00 7.699 7.699
105 104.00 7.61
8.20
0.01
-10.33
-0.0192 0.05 7.63 0.01 0.05 1.00 7.629 7.629 0.131 0.876 7.584 0.044 7.628
106 105.00 7.53
8.16
0.00
-10.23
-0.0190 -0.04 7.55 0.00 -0.04 1.00 7.549 7.549
-0.451 7.786
0.191 8.438
-0.137 7.930
-0.035 7.878
0.028 7.830
0.072 7.690
0.047 7.660
-0.035 7.549
9
7358.52
3
7706.31
7
7785.86
1
8437.72
0
8437.72
0
7910.42
7
7929.96
9
7862.19
8
7877.62
4
7829.68
9
7829.68
9
7714.53
3
7690.39
5
7706.23
9
7659.58
7
7627.86
0
7548.98
4
3
738.50
1
773.40
6
781.38
9
846.81
0
846.81
0
793.89
0
795.85
2
789.05
0
790.59
8
785.78
8
785.78
8
774.23
1
771.80
8
773.39
8
768.71
6
765.53
2
757.61
6
1
750.31
7
785.78
0
793.89
1
860.35
9
860.35
9
806.59
3
808.58
5
801.67
5
803.24
8
798.36
0
798.36
0
786.61
8
784.15
7
785.77
3
781.01
6
777.78
1
769.73
8
2
833.68
6
873.08
9
882.10
1
955.95
4
955.95
4
896.21
4
898.42
8
890.75
0
892.49
8
887.06
7
887.06
7
874.02
0
871.28
6
873.08
1
867.79
5
864.20
1
855.26
4
107 106.00 7.45
8.14
-0.01 -10.10
-0.0187 -0.02 7.47 -0.01 -0.02 1.00 7.469 7.469 1.685 -3.664 7.412 0.073 7.486
108 107.00 7.36
8.14
-0.02 -10.03
-0.0186 0.00 7.38 -0.02 0.00 1.00 7.379 7.379
109 108.00 7.26
8.13
-0.03
-9.96
-0.0185 -0.01 7.28 -0.03 -0.01 1.00 7.278 7.278 -0.215 5.010 7.322 -0.050 7.272
110 109.00 7.16
8.10
-0.03
-9.85
-0.0183 -0.03 7.18 -0.03 -0.03 1.00 7.178 7.178
111 110.00 7.05
8.07
-0.04
-9.69
-0.0180 -0.03 7.07 -0.04 -0.03 1.00 7.068 7.068 5.484 5.553 7.454 -0.167 7.287
112 111.00 6.94
8.03
-0.05
-9.49
-0.0176 -0.04 6.96 -0.05 -0.04 1.00 6.958 6.958
113 112.00 6.82
7.97
-0.06
-9.24
-0.0171 -0.06 6.84 -0.06 -0.06 1.00 6.837 6.837 6.027 6.027 7.560 -0.362 7.199
114 113.00 6.70
7.90
-0.07
-8.95
-0.0166 -0.07 6.72 -0.07 -0.07 1.00 6.717 6.717
115 114.00 6.58
7.81
-0.08
-8.57
-0.0159 -0.09 6.60 -0.08 -0.09 1.00 6.596 6.596 1.124 4.321 7.075 -0.389 6.686
116 115.00 6.44
7.69
-0.09
-8.10
-0.0150 -0.12 6.46 -0.09 -0.12 1.00 6.455 6.455
117 116.00 6.29
7.58
-0.10
-7.58
-0.0141 -0.11 6.30 -0.10 -0.11 1.00 6.304 6.304 1.169 4.643 6.932 -0.511 6.421
118 117.00 6.14
7.44
-0.11
-7.05
-0.0131 -0.14 6.15 -0.11 -0.14 1.00 6.153 6.153
119 118.00 5.97
7.31
-0.11
-6.55
-0.0122 -0.13 5.98 -0.11 -0.13 1.00 5.982 5.982 0.304 -4.445 5.438 0.578 6.016
120 119.00 5.79
7.22
-0.12
-6.10
-0.0113 -0.09 5.80 -0.12 -0.09 1.00 5.801 5.801
121 120.00 5.61
7.13
-0.13
-5.73
-0.0106 -0.09 5.62 -0.13 -0.09 1.00 5.621 5.621 0.359 -4.674 5.247 0.421 5.667
122 121.00 5.42
7.08
-0.14
-5.43
-0.0101 -0.05 5.43 -0.14 -0.05 1.00 5.430 5.430
123 122.00 5.22

124 123.00 5.01
6.99
6.81
-0.15
-0.15
-5.07
-4.58
-0.0094 -0.09 5.23 -0.15 -0.09 1.00 5.229 5.229 -0.719 2.343 5.332 -0.211 5.122
-0.0085 -0.18 5.02 -0.15 -0.18 1.00 5.018 5.018
-0.422 4.911
0.000 7.412
-0.150 7.172
-0.222 7.232
-0.422 7.138
-0.519 6.556
-0.650 6.282
0.400 5.838
0.234 5.480
7485.58
8
7412.30
4
7272.03
2
7171.82
8
7287.33
8
7231.80
5
7198.76
1
7138.49
2
6685.82
4
6556.19
2
6420.96
7
6281.67
4
6015.56
1
5837.76
2
5667.25
4
5480.28
4
5121.54
0
4910.63
751.25
4
743.89
9
729.82
1
719.76
5
731.35
7
725.78
4
722.46
8
716.41
9
670.98
9
657.97
9
644.40
8
630.42
9
603.72
2
585.87
8
568.76
6
550.00
1
513.99
8
492.83
763.27
4
755.80
1
741.49
8
731.28
1
743.05
9
737.39
7
734.02
7
727.88
2
681.72
5
668.50
7
654.71
9
640.51
6
613.38
1
595.25
2
577.86
6
558.80
1
522.22
2
500.71
848.08
2
839.77
9
823.88
7
812.53
4
825.62
1
819.32
9
815.58
6
808.75
8
757.47
2
742.78
6
727.46
5
711.68
4
681.53
5
661.39
1
642.07
3
620.89
0
580.24
6
556.35
16.87
9
8.494 -2.701 5.793
125 124.00 4.79
6.65
-0.16
-4.05
-0.0075 -0.16 4.80 -0.16 -0.16 1.00 3.945 4.798 11.550
126 125.00 4.56
6.48
-0.17
-3.51
-0.0065 -0.17 4.57 -0.17 -0.17 1.00 3.661 4.567
127 126.00 4.33
6.26
-0.17
-2.87
-2.869 5.624
23.13
9.316 -5.090 4.226
-0.0053 -0.22 4.34 -0.17 -0.22 1.00 4.335 4.335 -0.646
7
128 127.00 4.10
6.03
-0.17
-2.13
-0.0040 -0.23 4.10 -0.17 -0.23 1.00 4.104 4.104
129 128.00 3.87
5.75
-0.17
-1.36
-0.0025 -0.28 3.87 -0.17 -0.28 1.00 3.873 3.873 -0.568 -4.824 2.425 1.351 3.776
130 129.00 3.63
5.52
-0.17
-0.72
-0.0013 -0.23 3.63 -0.17 -0.23 1.00 3.631 3.631
131 130.00 3.40
5.38
-0.17
-0.25
-0.0005 -0.14 3.40 -0.17 -0.14 1.00 3.400 3.400 -0.511 7.695 4.391 -1.077 3.314
132 131.00 3.17
5.21
-0.17
0.21
0.0004 -0.17 3.17 -0.17 -0.17 1.00 3.170 3.170
133 132.00 2.96
5.00
-0.16
0.79
-1.308 3.083
22.11
7.537 -4.644 2.893
0.0015 -0.21 2.96 -0.16 -0.21 1.00 2.959 2.959 -0.408
5
134 133.00 2.74
4.78
-0.16
1.41
0.0026 -0.22 2.74 -0.16 -0.22 1.00 2.737 2.737
135 134.00 2.54
4.55
-0.16
2.02
0.0037 -0.23 2.54 -0.16 -0.23 1.00
136 135.00 2.34

137 136.00 2.15
138 137.00 1.98
4.33
4.11
3.90
-0.16
-0.16
-0.15
2.60
3.15
3.66
0.0048 -0.22 2.34 -0.16 -0.22 1.00

0.0058 -0.22 2.14 -0.16 -0.22 1.00
0.0068 -0.21 1.97 -0.15 -0.21 1.00
139 138.00 1.81
3.69
-0.15
4.09
0.0076 -0.21 1.80 -0.15 -0.21 1.00
140 139.00 1.65
3.54
-0.14
4.37
0.0081 -0.15 1.64 -0.14 -0.15 1.00
141 140.00 1.50
3.44
-0.13
4.50
0.0084 -0.10 1.49 -0.13 -0.10 1.00
-5.322 3.994
1.109 3.535
1
5792.92
5
5624.13
5
4225.57
3
3994.20
0
3776.02
6
3534.83
9
3313.65
8
3082.80
5
2893.21
8
2672.06
8
-4.865 2.672
2480.64
20.10
2.536 2.536 -0.348
8
8 -2.144 4.625 2.481
2279.57
2.335 2.335
4.424 2.280
1
2.144 2.144 -8.492 -8.603 -1.107 1.893 0.785 785.449
1.973 1.973
1.807 0.699 699.422
1711.02
1.802 1.802 -0.609 -2.574 1.171 0.540 1.711
3
1556.59
6
1.642 1.642
0.386 1.557
1469.37
14.01
7
1.492 1.492 -0.171
3
0.068 1.401 1.469
1
581.37
8
564.43
8
424.07
9
400.85
8
378.96
2
354.75
6
332.55
9
309.39
0
290.36
3
268.16
9
6
590.68
0
573.46
9
430.86
4
407.27
2
385.02
5
360.43
3
337.88
0
314.34
1
295.00
9
272.45
9
1
656.31
1
637.18
8
478.73
8
452.52
4
427.80
6
400.48
1
375.42
2
349.26
7
327.78
8
302.73
3
248.95
8
228.77
8
78.828
70.194
171.71
8
156.22
0
252.94
1
232.43
8
80.089
71.317
174.46
6
158.71
9
281.04
6
258.26
5
88.988
79.241
193.85
1
176.35
5
147.46 149.82 166.47

7
6
3
142 141.00 1.36
3.35
-0.13
4.57
0.0085 -0.09 1.35 -0.13 -0.09 1.00 1.352 1.352
143 142.00 1.24
3.26
-0.12
4.64
0.0086 -0.09 1.23 -0.12 -0.09 1.00 1.231 1.231 -0.130
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
3.16
3.09
3.01
2.95
2.88
2.80
2.74
2.68
2.62
2.58
2.52
2.48
2.43
2.38
2.35
2.31
2.26
2.21
2.17
2.12
2.08
2.03
2.00
1.99
1.97
1.96
1.97
-0.12
-0.11
-0.10
-0.10
-0.09
-0.08
-0.07
-0.07
-0.06
-0.06
-0.06
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.04
-0.04
-0.04
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.01
-0.01
4.72
4.83
4.94
5.06
5.14
5.15
5.10
5.02
4.87
4.66
4.42
4.24
4.13
4.02
3.85
3.66
3.48
3.30
3.11
2.92
2.76
2.65
2.57
2.49
2.39
2.27
2.12
0.0088
0.0090
0.0092
0.0094
0.0095
0.0096
0.0095
0.0093
0.0090
0.0086
0.0082
0.0079
0.0077
0.0075
0.0071
0.0068
0.0065
0.0061
0.0058
0.0054
0.0051
0.0049
0.0048
0.0046
0.0044
0.0042
0.0039
143.00
144.00
145.00
146.00
147.00
148.00
149.00
150.00
151.00
152.00
153.00
154.00
155.00
156.00
157.00
158.00
159.00
160.00
161.00
162.00
163.00
164.00
165.00
166.00
167.00
168.00
169.00
1.12
1.01
0.91
0.82
0.74
0.66
0.60
0.53
0.47
0.42
0.38
0.33
0.30
0.26
0.23
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
-0.10
-0.07
-0.08
-0.06
-0.07
-0.08
-0.06
-0.06
-0.06
-0.04
-0.06
-0.04
-0.05
-0.05
-0.03
-0.04
-0.05
-0.05
-0.04
-0.05
-0.04
-0.05
-0.03
-0.01
-0.02
-0.01
0.01
1.11
1.00
0.90
0.81
0.73
0.65
0.59
0.52
0.46
0.41
0.37
0.32
0.29
0.25
0.22
0.19
0.17
0.15
0.14
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
-0.12
-0.11
-0.10
-0.10
-0.09
-0.08
-0.07
-0.07
-0.06
-0.06
-0.06
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.04
-0.04
-0.04
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.01
-0.01
-0.10
-0.07
-0.08
-0.06
-0.07
-0.08
-0.06
-0.06
-0.06
-0.04
-0.06
-0.04
-0.05
-0.05
-0.03
-0.04
-0.05
-0.05
-0.04
-0.05
-0.04
-0.05
-0.03
-0.01
-0.02
-0.01
0.01
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.111
1.001
0.901
0.811
0.730
0.650
0.591
0.521
0.461
0.411
0.372
0.322
0.292
0.253
0.223
0.193
0.174
0.154
0.144
0.125
0.115
0.105
0.095
0.095
0.096
0.086
0.086
1.111
1.001
0.901
0.811
0.730
0.650
0.591
0.521
0.461
0.411
0.372
0.322
0.292
0.253
0.223
0.193
0.174
0.154
0.144
0.125
0.115
0.105
0.095
0.095
0.096
0.086
0.086
1.261 1.329
12.01
2.297 -1.081 1.216
5
-1.201
-5.090 4.930 0.786 -0.345
-0.394
-4.065 3.950 0.641 -0.237
-0.276
-1.217 -2.387 0.362 0.191
0.143
-5.972 -0.027 0.101 0.002
0.002
-0.022 1.978 0.489 -0.079
-0.119
-0.015 2.980 0.441 -0.119
-0.149
-0.598 -1.185 0.163 0.059
0.036
-0.007 1.967 0.272 -0.079
-0.098
-0.004 -0.965 0.106 0.048
0.039
-0.484 -0.486 0.086 0.024
0.019
-0.002 -0.493 0.080 0.025
0.015
-0.002 -0.019 0.095 0.000
0.000
-0.001 0.014 0.086 0.000
0.000
1.096
0.441
0.392
0.404
0.365
0.553
0.505
0.103
0.103
0.410
0.370
0.321
0.292
0.223
0.199
0.193
0.173
0.154
0.144
0.110
0.105
0.105
0.095
0.095
0.096
0.086
0.086
1329.24
6
1215.76
2
1095.61
3
441.136
391.831
404.100
364.602
553.094
505.355
102.633
102.633
410.024
370.469
321.404
291.609
222.633
198.929
192.932
173.266
153.747
144.099
110.061
105.198
105.044
95.193
95.341
95.528
85.779
86.057
133.40
3
122.01
4
109.95
6
44.272
39.324
40.555
36.591
55.509
50.717
10.300
10.300
41.150
37.180
32.256
29.266
22.343
19.965
19.363
17.389
15.430
14.462
11.046
10.558
10.542
9.554
9.568
9.587
8.609
8.637
135.53
8
123.96
6
111.71
5
44.981
39.953
41.204
37.177
56.397
51.529
10.465
10.465
41.808
37.775
32.772
29.734
22.701
20.284
19.672
17.667
15.677
14.693
11.222
10.727
10.711
9.706
9.722
9.741
8.747
8.775
150.59
7
137.74
0
124.12
8
49.979
44.393
45.783
41.308
62.663
57.254
11.628
11.628
46.454
41.972
36.414
33.038
25.223
22.538
21.858
19.630
17.419
16.326
12.469
11.918
11.901
10.785
10.802
10.823
9.718
9.750
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
170.00
171.00
172.00
173.00
174.00
175.00
176.00
177.00
178.00
179.00
180.00
181.00
182.00
183.00
184.00
185.00
186.00
187.00
188.00
189.00
190.00
191.00
192.00
193.00
194.00
195.00
196.00
197.00
198.00
199.00
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.98
1.99
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.03
2.04
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.08
2.08
2.11
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.18
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.19
2.17
2.18
2.16
2.17
2.18
0.00
-0.01
-0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.96
1.81
1.66
1.53
1.41
1.31
1.21
1.12
1.02
0.92
0.82
0.72
0.59
0.45
0.32
0.20
0.08
0.00
-0.08
-0.17
-0.23
-0.29
-0.35
-0.38
-0.38
-0.37
-0.35
-0.34
-0.36
0.00
0.0036
0.0034
0.0031
0.0028
0.0026
0.0024
0.0022
0.0021
0.0019
0.0017
0.0015
0.0013
0.0011
0.0008
0.0006
0.0004
0.0001
0.0000
-0.0001
-0.0003
-0.0004
-0.0005
-0.0006
-0.0007
-0.0007
-0.0007
-0.0006
-0.0006
-0.0007
0.0000
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
-0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
-0.02
0.01
-0.02
0.01
0.01
-2.18
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.01
-0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
-0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
-0.02
0.01
-0.02
0.01
0.01
-2.18
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.086
0.086
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.098
0.098
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.079
0.069
0.069
0.059
0.059
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.030
0.030
0.021
0.021
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.086
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.098
0.098
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.079
0.069
0.069
0.059
0.060
0.050
0.040
0.040
0.030
0.030
0.021
0.021
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
-0.001 0.001 0.086 0.000

0.000
0.000 -0.024 0.097 0.000
0.000
0.000 -0.019 0.098 0.000
0.000
-0.491 0.492 0.093 0.005
0.000
0.001 0.001 0.088 0.000
0.000
0.001 0.491 0.079 0.010
0.000
0.001 -0.026 0.070 -0.001
-0.001
0.001 0.001 0.059 0.000
0.000
0.000 0.000 0.040 0.000
0.000
0.000 0.983 0.030 0.010
0.000
0.000 -0.494 0.025 0.005
-0.005
0.000 0.994 0.011 0.010
0.000
0.000 -0.001 0.011 0.000
0.000
0.000 -0.001 0.001 0.000
0.000
0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000
-0.001
0.086
0.086
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.098
0.098
0.093
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.079
0.069
0.069
0.059
0.059
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.030
0.030
0.021
0.021
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
86.354
86.354
96.919
97.161
97.383
97.569
97.755
92.834
88.098
88.098
88.470
78.656
68.898
69.158
59.400
59.400
39.998
39.998
40.145
30.312
30.425
20.536
20.648
10.704
10.704
10.687
0.649
0.631
0.668
0.000
8.667
8.667
9.727
9.751
9.773
9.792
9.811
9.317
8.842
8.842
8.879
7.894
6.915
6.941
5.961
5.961
4.014
4.014
4.029
3.042
3.053
2.061
2.072
1.074
1.074
1.073
0.065
0.063
0.067
0.000
8.805
8.805
9.882
9.907
9.930
9.949
9.968
9.466
8.983
8.983
9.021
8.020
7.025
7.052
6.057
6.057
4.078
4.078
4.093
3.091
3.102
2.094
2.105
1.091
1.091
1.090
0.066
0.064
0.068
0.000
9.784
9.784
10.981
11.008
11.033
11.054
11.075
10.518
9.981
9.981
10.023
8.911
7.806
7.835
6.730
6.730
4.532
4.532
4.548
3.434
3.447
2.327
2.339
1.213
1.213
1.211
0.074
0.071
0.076
0.000
APPENDIX 6
No
Load
Dial
Dial
Dial
Dial
Average
c+d+e+f
(ton) Gauge 1 Gauge 2 Gauge 3 Gauge 4
Settlement
Ton to
Tonnes
Normalised
data
(Tonnes/m)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
0.0
163.0
163.0
163.0
163.0
163.0
163.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
488.0
488.0
488.0
488.0
488.0
488.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
488.0
488.0
488.0
488.0
488.0
488.0
488.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
163.0
163.0
163.0
163.0
163.0
0.00
165.61
165.61
165.61
165.61
165.61
165.61
330.20
330.20
330.20
330.20
330.20
330.20
495.81
495.81
495.81
495.81
495.81
495.81
660.40
660.40
660.40
660.40
660.40
660.40
660.40
660.40
660.40
660.40
660.40
495.81
495.81
495.81
495.81
495.81
495.81
495.81
330.20
330.20
330.20
330.20
330.20
330.20
165.61
165.61
165.61
165.61
165.61
0.00
157.72
157.72
157.72
157.72
157.72
157.72
314.48
314.48
314.48
314.48
314.48
314.48
472.20
472.20
472.20
472.20
472.20
472.20
628.95
628.95
628.95
628.95
628.95
628.95
628.95
628.95
628.95
628.95
628.95
472.20
472.20
472.20
472.20
472.20
472.20
472.20
314.48
314.48
314.48
314.48
314.48
314.48
157.72
157.72
157.72
157.72
157.72
0.00
1.10
1.10
1.16
1.17
1.16
1.16
2.22
2.28
2.30
2.33
2.34
2.37
3.39
3.47
3.48
3.50
3.54
3.60
4.62
4.71
4.74
4.80
4.80
4.86
4.86
4.94
5.03
5.05
5.04
4.39
4.39
4.39
4.38
4.38
4.31
4.31
3.52
3.52
3.45
3.45
3.44
3.44
2.51
2.51
2.42
2.42
2.42
0.00
0.99
1.01
1.05
1.07
1.07
1.06
2.33
2.41
2.42
2.45
2.45
2.48
3.66
3.75
3.76
3.78
3.82
3.86
4.97
5.08
5.11
5.16
5.17
5.22
5.23
5.33
5.39
5.40
5.40
4.65
4.64
4.64
4.63
4.64
4.56
4.56
3.71
3.71
3.63
3.63
3.62
3.62
2.54
2.53
2.44
2.44
2.43
0.00
0.52
0.52
0.58
0.59
0.58
0.58
1.79
1.88
1.90
1.94
1.94
1.97
3.23
3.34
3.36
3.37
3.42
3.47
4.74
4.86
4.89
4.95
4.97
5.03
5.03
5.14
5.21
5.24
5.24
4.34
4.33
4.33
4.33
4.33
4.25
4.24
3.30
3.29
3.21
3.19
3.19
3.19
2.07
2.06
1.96
1.96
1.95
0.00
0.84
0.84
0.89
0.89
0.90
0.91
1.87
1.95
1.97
2.01
2.02
2.04
3.14
3.24
3.27
3.29
3.34
3.38
4.56
4.67
4.70
4.77
4.78
4.84
4.85
4.95
5.04
5.05
5.08
4.20
4.19
4.19
4.18
4.19
4.11
4.09
3.23
3.23
3.15
3.12
3.12
3.13
2.13
2.12
2.12
2.01
2.01
0.00
3.45
3.47
3.68
3.72
3.71
3.71
8.21
8.52
8.59
8.73
8.75
8.86
13.42
13.80
13.87
13.94
14.12
14.31
18.89
19.32
19.44
19.68
19.72
19.95
19.97
20.36
20.67
20.74
20.76
17.58
17.55
17.55
17.52
17.54
17.23
17.20
13.76
13.75
13.44
13.39
13.37
13.38
9.25
9.22
8.94
8.83
8.81
0.00
0.86
0.87
0.92
0.93
0.93
0.93
2.05
2.13
2.15
2.18
2.19
2.22
3.36
3.45
3.47
3.49
3.53
3.58
4.72
4.83
4.86
4.92
4.93
4.99
4.99
5.09
5.17
5.19
5.19
4.40
4.39
4.39
4.38
4.39
4.31
4.30
3.44
3.44
3.36
3.35
3.34
3.35
2.31
2.31
2.24
2.21
2.20
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
163.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
163.0
163.0
163.0
163.0
163.0
163.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
488.0
488.0
488.0
488.0
488.0
488.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
812.0
812.0
812.0
812.0
812.0
812.0
975.0
975.0
975.0
975.0
975.0
1137.0
2.43
0.90
0.85
0.81
0.77
0.75
0.73
0.71
0.70
0.68
0.68
0.66
0.64
0.64
0.63
0.61
0.61
1.36
1.37
1.36
1.37
1.37
1.37
2.33
2.33
2.37
2.37
2.36
2.41
3.33
3.35
3.34
3.35
3.35
3.37
4.35
4.40
4.40
4.43
4.45
4.45
5.41
5.44
5.49
5.53
5.56
5.56
6.72
6.77
6.84
6.88
6.90
8.15
2.43
1.05
1.00
0.97
0.91
0.88
0.87
0.85
0.83
0.83
0.82
0.80
0.78
0.77
0.76
0.77
0.76
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.84
3.01
3.02
3.06
3.06
3.05
3.09
4.14
4.17
4.16
4.18
4.19
4.19
5.21
5.26
5.27
5.30
5.31
5.31
6.20
6.24
6.29
6.33
6.36
6.38
7.13
7.20
7.26
7.31
7.32
8.09
1.94
0.85
0.81
0.77
0.67
0.68
0.67
0.66
0.65
0.63
0.63
0.61
0.59
0.56
0.55
0.56
0.56
1.59
1.59
1.60
1.59
1.60
1.60
2.76
2.77
2.81
2.82
2.80
2.84
3.97
4.00
4.00
4.02
4.03
4.03
5.18
5.24
5.26
5.29
5.31
5.31
6.50
6.55
6.61
6.65
6.67
6.71
7.96
8.02
8.08
8.15
8.16
9.35
2.00
0.66
0.62
0.58
0.53
0.52
0.50
0.48
0.47
0.46
0.46
0.43
0.41
0.42
0.40
0.38
0.39
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.32
1.31
2.21
2.23
2.26
2.26
2.25
2.29
3.28
3.31
3.31
3.33
3.33
3.34
4.40
4.45
4.46
4.50
4.51
4.51
5.83
5.85
5.91
5.96
5.99
6.01
7.72
7.77
7.86
7.92
7.93
9.58
8.80
3.46
3.28
3.13
2.88
2.83
2.77
2.70
2.65
2.60
2.59
2.50
2.42
2.39
2.34
2.32
2.32
6.06
6.08
6.09
6.09
6.12
6.12
10.31
10.35
10.50
10.51
10.46
10.63
14.72
14.83
14.81
14.88
14.90
14.93
19.14
19.35
19.39
19.52
19.58
19.58
23.94
24.08
24.30
24.47
24.58
24.66
29.53
29.76
30.04
30.26
30.31
35.17
2.20
0.87
0.82
0.78
0.72
0.71
0.69
0.68
0.66
0.65
0.65
0.63
0.61
0.60
0.59
0.58
0.58
1.52
1.52
1.52
1.52
1.53
1.53
2.58
2.59
2.63
2.63
2.62
2.66
3.68
3.71
3.70
3.72
3.73
3.73
4.79
4.84
4.85
4.88
4.90
4.90
5.99
6.02
6.08
6.12
6.15
6.17
7.38
7.44
7.51
7.57
7.58
8.79
165.61
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
165.61
165.61
165.61
165.61
165.61
165.61
330.20
330.20
330.20
330.20
330.20
330.20
495.81
495.81
495.81
495.81
495.81
495.81
660.40
660.40
660.40
660.40
660.40
660.40
824.99
824.99
824.99
824.99
824.99
824.99
990.60
990.60
990.60
990.60
990.60
1155.19
157.72
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
157.72
157.72
157.72
157.72
157.72
157.72
314.48
314.48
314.48
314.48
314.48
314.48
472.20
472.20
472.20
472.20
472.20
472.20
628.95
628.95
628.95
628.95
628.95
628.95
785.71
785.71
785.71
785.71
785.71
785.71
943.43
943.43
943.43
943.43
943.43
1100.18
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
1137.0
1137.0
1137.0
1137.0
1137.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1137.0
1137.0
1137.0
1137.0
8.28
8.31
8.34
8.38
8.41
9.67
9.74
9.78
9.86
9.89
9.91
9.93
9.97
9.97
9.98
10.00
10.03
10.03
10.07
10.06
10.06
10.08
10.08
10.15
10.21
10.21
10.39
10.53
10.55
10.63
10.71
10.75
10.78
10.83
10.98
11.07
11.14
11.23
11.25
11.31
11.34
11.39
11.41
11.36
11.32
11.21
11.15
11.01
11.06
10.33
10.33
10.30
10.30
8.21
8.25
8.28
8.33
8.35
9.25
9.33
9.38
9.44
9.48
9.50
9.51
9.54
9.55
9.56
9.57
9.59
9.60
9.62
9.64
9.64
9.65
9.66
9.72
9.78
9.78
9.97
10.11
10.16
10.24
10.30
10.36
10.37
10.48
10.65
10.75
10.84
10.93
10.97
11.03
11.06
11.06
11.05
10.98
10.92
10.82
10.76
10.61
10.68
10.14
10.14
10.12
10.12
9.47
9.52
9.55
9.62
9.64
10.92
11.01
11.06
11.15
11.18
11.20
11.22
11.26
11.27
11.27
11.29
11.30
11.31
11.35
11.36
11.37
11.38
11.38
11.45
11.51
11.51
11.70
11.90
11.96
12.05
12.11
12.16
12.18
12.28
12.51
12.61
12.69
12.78
12.82
12.89
12.94
12.95
12.95
12.89
12.84
12.74
12.68
12.53
12.59
11.94
11.94
11.92
11.92
9.71
9.76
9.79
9.85
9.86
11.53
11.61
11.67
11.78
11.81
11.83
11.86
11.90
11.90
11.92
11.92
11.94
11.95
11.99
11.99
12.00
12.01
12.01
12.08
12.14
12.14
12.34
12.50
12.55
12.63
12.72
12.76
12.78
12.88
13.05
13.16
13.23
13.33
13.35
13.41
13.46
13.47
13.49
13.41
13.37
13.25
13.20
13.11
13.16
12.32
12.32
12.28
12.28
35.67
35.84
35.96
36.18
36.26
41.37
41.69
41.89
42.23
42.36
42.44
42.52
42.67
42.69
42.73
42.78
42.86
42.89
43.03
43.05
43.07
43.12
43.13
43.40
43.64
43.64
44.40
45.04
45.22
45.55
45.84
46.03
46.11
46.47
47.19
47.59
47.90
48.27
48.39
48.64
48.80
48.87
48.90
48.64
48.45
48.02
47.79
47.26
47.49
44.73
44.73
44.62
44.62
8.92
8.96
8.99
9.05
9.07
10.34
10.42
10.47
10.56
10.59
10.61
10.63
10.67
10.67
10.68
10.70
10.72
10.72
10.76
10.76
10.77
10.78
10.78
10.85
10.91
10.91
11.10
11.26
11.31
11.39
11.46
11.51
11.53
11.62
11.80
11.90
11.98
12.07
12.10
12.16
12.20
12.22
12.23
12.16
12.11
12.01
11.95
11.82
11.87
11.18
11.18
11.16
11.16
1155.19
1155.19
1155.19
1155.19
1155.19
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1155.19
1155.19
1155.19
1155.19
1100.18
1100.18
1100.18
1100.18
1100.18
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1100.18
1100.18
1100.18
1100.18
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
1137.0
1137.0
975.0
975.0
975.0
975.0
975.0
975.0
812.0
812.0
812.0
812.0
812.0
812.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
488.0
488.0
488.0
488.0
488.0
488.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
163.0
163.0
163.0
163.0
163.0
163.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.31
10.30
9.34
9.32
9.32
9.32
9.30
9.30
8.29
8.29
8.29
8.29
8.27
8.27
7.21
7.14
7.14
7.14
7.14
7.14
6.11
6.07
6.03
6.01
6.00
6.00
4.89
4.89
4.83
4.83
4.75
4.75
3.56
3.52
3.52
3.44
3.37
3.37
2.26
2.16
2.10
2.04
1.99
1.95
1.92
1.90
1.89
1.66
1.52
1.50
1.13
0.90
0.67
10.12
10.12
9.45
9.44
9.44
9.43
9.41
9.42
8.66
8.65
8.66
8.66
8.63
8.63
7.75
7.68
7.68
7.68
7.68
7.68
6.67
6.63
6.60
6.57
6.57
6.57
5.41
5.42
5.37
5.37
5.30
5.29
3.97
3.93
3.93
3.85
3.78
3.77
2.31
2.20
2.13
2.08
2.03
1.99
1.95
1.93
1.91
1.71
1.57
1.56
1.17
0.92
0.71
11.92
11.91
11.09
11.08
11.08
11.08
11.06
11.06
10.10
10.10
10.10
10.10
10.07
10.07
8.98
8.91
8.91
8.90
8.90
8.90
7.69
7.64
7.59
7.57
7.56
7.57
6.24
6.24
6.17
6.17
6.08
6.08
4.60
4.54
4.54
4.45
4.36
4.36
2.66
2.55
2.47
2.41
2.36
2.32
2.28
2.25
2.23
2.03
1.89
1.88
1.48
1.21
0.99
12.28
12.27
11.15
11.14
11.13
11.13
11.09
11.09
9.89
9.89
9.89
9.89
9.86
9.86
8.62
8.55
8.54
8.54
8.54
8.54
7.31
7.26
7.22
7.19
7.19
7.19
5.91
5.91
5.83
5.83
5.72
5.72
4.34
4.28
4.27
4.19
4.12
4.11
2.83
2.73
2.66
2.61
2.55
2.52
2.48
2.46
2.44
2.18
2.05
2.04
1.66
1.36
1.16
44.63
44.60
41.03
40.98
40.97
40.96
40.86
40.87
36.94
36.93
36.94
36.94
36.83
36.83
32.56
32.28
32.27
32.26
32.26
32.26
27.78
27.60
27.44
27.34
27.32
27.33
22.45
22.46
22.20
22.20
21.85
21.84
16.47
16.27
16.26
15.93
15.63
15.61
10.06
9.64
9.36
9.14
8.93
8.78
8.63
8.54
8.47
7.58
7.03
6.98
5.44
4.39
3.53
11.16
11.15
10.26
10.25
10.24
10.24
10.22
10.22
9.24
9.23
9.24
9.24
9.21
9.21
8.14
8.07
8.07
8.07
8.07
8.07
6.95
6.90
6.86
6.84
6.83
6.83
5.61
5.62
5.55
5.55
5.46
5.46
4.12
4.07
4.07
3.98
3.91
3.90
2.52
2.41
2.34
2.29
2.23
2.20
2.16
2.14
2.12
1.90
1.76
1.75
1.36
1.10
0.88
1155.19
1155.19
990.60
990.60
990.60
990.60
990.60
990.60
824.99
824.99
824.99
824.99
824.99
824.99
660.40
660.40
660.40
660.40
660.40
660.40
495.81
495.81
495.81
495.81
495.81
495.81
330.20
330.20
330.20
330.20
330.20
330.20
165.61
165.61
165.61
165.61
165.61
165.61
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1100.18
1100.18
943.43
943.43
943.43
943.43
943.43
943.43
785.71
785.71
785.71
785.71
785.71
785.71
628.95
628.95
628.95
628.95
628.95
628.95
472.20
472.20
472.20
472.20
472.20
472.20
314.48
314.48
314.48
314.48
314.48
314.48
157.72
157.72
157.72
157.72
157.72
157.72
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
0.0
0.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
975.0
975.0
975.0
975.0
975.0
975.0
975.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1400.0
1400.0
1400.0
1400.0
1400.0
1624.0
1624.0
1624.0
1624.0
1624.0
1624.0
1624.0
1624.0
1624.0
1624.0
1624.0
1624.0
1624.0
1624.0
1624.0
1624.0
1624.0
1299.0
1299.0
0.46
0.01
1.06
1.14
1.17
1.24
1.26
1.26
3.42
3.45
3.50
3.56
3.58
3.61
5.62
5.77
5.83
5.87
5.87
5.88
5.91
7.97
8.07
8.08
8.17
8.22
8.25
8.29
8.31
9.24
9.63
9.92
10.07
10.14
10.19
10.24
10.30
10.34
10.40
10.47
10.47
10.50
10.50
10.64
10.80
10.80
11.09
11.24
11.31
11.40
11.49
10.36
10.35
0.53
0.09
2.16
2.21
2.25
2.31
2.37
2.37
4.68
4.71
4.76
4.82
4.82
4.86
6.69
6.80
6.87
6.91
6.94
6.94
6.96
8.51
8.61
8.63
8.72
8.77
8.81
8.85
8.86
9.76
10.19
10.55
10.72
10.81
10.85
10.94
11.00
11.04
11.10
11.14
11.16
11.19
11.19
11.30
11.42
11.43
11.74
11.91
11.98
12.08
12.18
10.82
10.81
0.76
0.31
2.49
2.55
2.60
2.67
2.73
2.75
5.28
5.32
5.37
5.44
5.45
5.47
7.65
7.78
7.85
7.88
7.89
7.90
7.93
9.93
10.04
10.06
10.16
10.21
10.25
10.29
10.30
11.50
12.13
12.68
12.90
13.04
13.14
13.23
13.29
13.36
13.44
13.51
13.53
13.57
13.56
13.69
13.84
13.84
14.18
14.36
14.46
14.58
14.70
12.79
12.78
0.94
0.47
1.55
1.63
1.67
1.75
1.77
1.79
4.11
4.16
4.23
4.29
4.30
4.36
6.66
6.84
6.93
6.97
6.98
7.00
7.05
9.55
9.67
9.69
9.80
9.85
9.88
9.93
9.95
11.14
11.73
12.25
12.45
12.59
12.66
12.75
12.81
12.88
12.96
13.05
13.05
13.11
13.11
13.28
13.46
13.46
13.80
13.99
14.07
14.19
14.31
12.60
12.56
2.69
0.88
7.26
7.53
7.69
7.97
8.13
8.17
17.49
17.64
17.86
18.11
18.15
18.30
26.62
27.19
27.48
27.63
27.68
27.72
27.85
35.96
36.39
36.46
36.85
37.05
37.19
37.36
37.42
41.64
43.68
45.40
46.14
46.58
46.84
47.16
47.40
47.62
47.90
48.17
48.21
48.37
48.36
48.91
49.52
49.53
50.81
51.50
51.82
52.25
52.68
46.57
46.50
0.67
0.22
1.82
1.88
1.92
1.99
2.03
2.04
4.37
4.41
4.47
4.53
4.54
4.58
6.66
6.80
6.87
6.91
6.92
6.93
6.96
8.99
9.10
9.12
9.21
9.26
9.30
9.34
9.36
10.41
10.92
11.35
11.54
11.65
11.71
11.79
11.85
11.91
11.98
12.04
12.05
12.09
12.09
12.23
12.38
12.38
12.70
12.88
12.96
13.06
13.17
11.64
11.63
0.00
0.00
330.20
330.20
330.20
330.20
330.20
330.20
660.40
660.40
660.40
660.40
660.40
660.40
990.60
990.60
990.60
990.60
990.60
990.60
990.60
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1422.40
1422.40
1422.40
1422.40
1422.40
1649.98
1649.98
1649.98
1649.98
1649.98
1649.98
1649.98
1649.98
1649.98
1649.98
1649.98
1649.98
1649.98
1649.98
1649.98
1649.98
1649.98
1319.78
1319.78
0.00
0.00
314.48
314.48
314.48
314.48
314.48
314.48
628.95
628.95
628.95
628.95
628.95
628.95
943.43
943.43
943.43
943.43
943.43
943.43
943.43
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1354.67
1354.67
1354.67
1354.67
1354.67
1571.41
1571.41
1571.41
1571.41
1571.41
1571.41
1571.41
1571.41
1571.41
1571.41
1571.41
1571.41
1571.41
1571.41
1571.41
1571.41
1571.41
1256.94
1256.94
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
1299.0
975.0
975.0
975.0
975.0
975.0
975.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
650.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
325.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.31
10.31
10.31
10.31
8.40
8.35
8.31
8.27
8.28
8.27
6.10
6.05
6.01
6.01
5.97
5.96
3.61
3.55
3.55
3.55
3.41
3.42
0.90
0.71
0.62
0.52
0.42
0.37
0.32
0.25
0.19
0.17
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.03
10.77
10.77
10.77
10.77
9.38
9.34
9.31
9.28
9.27
9.27
7.21
7.17
7.13
7.12
7.09
7.07
4.61
4.54
4.55
4.55
4.39
4.39
1.41
1.23
1.12
1.03
0.94
0.89
0.84
0.78
0.74
0.72
0.50
0.34
0.15
0.15
0.32
0.77
12.75
12.74
12.75
12.75
10.95
10.90
10.87
10.83
10.83
10.83
8.48
8.44
8.39
8.39
8.35
8.33
5.60
5.54
5.54
5.54
5.38
5.38
1.83
1.63
1.51
1.41
1.31
1.24
1.19
1.12
1.05
1.03
0.79
0.58
0.37
0.36
0.17
0.63
12.52
12.53
12.52
12.52
10.24
10.18
10.14
10.09
10.09
10.09
7.61
7.51
7.47
7.47
7.42
7.41
4.85
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.60
4.60
1.64
1.45
1.33
1.23
1.09
1.02
0.95
0.89
0.78
0.77
0.52
0.28
0.07
0.06
0.04
0.02
46.35
46.35
46.35
46.35
38.97
38.77
38.63
38.47
38.47
38.46
29.40
29.17
29.00
28.99
28.83
28.77
18.67
18.37
18.38
18.38
17.78
17.79
5.78
5.02
4.58
4.19
3.76
3.52
3.30
3.04
2.76
2.69
1.88
1.27
0.66
0.63
0.58
1.45
11.59
11.59
11.59
11.59
9.74
9.69
9.66
9.62
9.62
9.62
7.35
7.29
7.25
7.25
7.21
7.19
4.67
4.59
4.60
4.60
4.45
4.45
1.45
1.26
1.15
1.05
0.94
0.88
0.83
0.76
0.69
0.67
0.47
0.32
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.36
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
1319.78
990.60
990.60
990.60
990.60
990.60
990.60
660.40
660.40
660.40
660.40
660.40
660.40
330.20
330.20
330.20
330.20
330.20
330.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
1256.94
943.43
943.43
943.43
943.43
943.43
943.43
628.95
628.95
628.95
628.95
628.95
628.95
314.48
314.48
314.48
314.48
314.48
314.48
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
APPENDIX 7
No
Time Load
(ms) (MN)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
25.00
26.00
27.00
28.00
29.00
30.00
31.00
32.00
33.00
34.00
35.00
36.00
37.00
38.00
39.00
40.00
41.00
42.00
43.00
44.00
45.00
46.00
1.42
1.33
1.52
1.49
1.52
1.45
1.36
1.36
1.23
1.49
1.36
1.58
1.36
1.42
1.20
1.42
1.36
1.55
1.36
1.55
1.45
1.36
1.42
1.45
1.49
1.36
1.58
1.42
1.61
1.36
1.52
1.36
1.71
1.61
1.77
1.68
1.74
1.77
1.87
2.19
2.25
2.47
2.57
2.73
2.85
3.17
3.17
Displace Veloci Acceler

ment
ty
ation
(mm) (m/s) (m/s2)
-0.06
-0.01
-0.03
-0.08
0.01
0.06
-0.01
0.01
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.06
0.06
0.10
0.06
0.06
0.01
0.06
0.03
0.06
0.03
0.06
-0.01
-0.06
-0.04
-0.04
-0.08
-0.06
-0.04
-0.01
-0.03
0.01
0.06
-0.01
-0.04
-0.04
-0.08
-0.04
-0.01
0.03
0.06
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.15
0.20
0.17
0.05
0.02
-0.04
0.02
0.07
-0.01
-0.03
0.04
0.01
-0.03
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.00
-0.02
-0.03
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.02
-0.06
-0.02
0.01
-0.02
-0.01
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.04
-0.01
-0.05
-0.02
-0.02
0.00
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.04
0.06
0.01
0.00
-35.16
-43.95
0.00
52.73
-13.18
-48.34
21.97
17.58
-30.76
4.39
26.37
0.00
-13.18
-17.58
-13.18
8.79
17.58
0.00
-4.39
0.00
-8.79
-30.76
0.00
35.16
0.00
-8.79
17.58
17.58
-4.39
-8.79
17.58
-8.79
-48.34
-4.39
17.58
8.79
26.37
17.58
0.00
-4.39
-13.18
-13.18
13.18
30.76
-13.18
-30.76
-4.39
Ma(t)
MN to
Cv(t) Fu(t)
kN
Normalise
Ton to
kN to
d data
Tonne
Ton
(Tonnes/
s
m)
0.021
3754 -0.75 4.40 0.22 1.95 1951.56 195.86 198.99
-0.94
0.09 2.18 2181.45 218.93 222.43
0.00
-0.18 1.70 1696.00 170.21 172.93
1.13
0.09 0.27 274.88 27.59 28.03
-0.28
0.31 1.49 1493.73 149.91 152.31
-1.03
-0.04 2.53 2527.29 253.64 257.70
0.47
-0.13 1.02 1022.38 102.61 104.25
0.38
0.18 0.81 808.22 81.11 82.41
-0.66
0.04 1.84 1843.51 185.01 187.97
0.09
-0.13 1.53 1528.16 153.37 155.82
0.56
0.09 0.71 708.33 71.09 72.23
0.00
0.13 1.45 1448.00 145.32 147.65
-0.28
0.09 1.55 1553.73 155.93 158.43
-0.38
0.00 1.80 1795.78 180.22 183.11
-0.28
-0.09 1.57 1569.73 157.54 160.06
0.19
-0.13 1.36 1364.11 136.90 139.09
0.38
0.00 0.98 984.22 98.78 100.36
0.00
0.04 1.51 1506.00 151.14 153.56
-0.09
0.00 1.45 1453.84 145.91 148.24
0.00
0.00 1.55 1550.00 155.56 158.05
-0.19
0.00 1.64 1637.89 164.38 167.01
-0.66
-0.09 2.11 2105.51 211.31 214.69
0.00
-0.26 1.68 1684.00 169.01 171.71
0.75
-0.09 0.79 786.44 78.93 80.19
0.00
0.04 1.45 1446.00 145.12 147.44
-0.19
-0.09 1.64 1635.89 164.18 166.80
0.38
-0.04 1.25 1248.22 125.27 127.28
0.38
0.09 0.96 956.22 95.97 97.50
-0.09
0.13 1.57 1571.84 157.75 160.27
-0.19
0.04 1.50 1503.89 150.93 153.35
0.38
0.04 1.10 1100.22 110.42 112.18
-0.19
0.18 1.37 1371.89 137.68 139.89
-1.03
-0.04 2.79 2787.29 279.73 284.21
-0.09
-0.22 1.92 1923.84 193.08 196.17
0.38
-0.09 1.48 1482.22 148.76 151.14
0.19
-0.09 1.58 1580.11 158.58 161.12
0.56
0.00 1.18 1176.33 118.06 119.95
0.38
0.18 1.22 1218.22 122.26 124.22
0.00
0.18 1.69 1694.00 170.01 172.73
-0.09
0.18 2.11 2107.84 211.54 214.93
-0.28
0.13 2.40 2399.73 240.84 244.69
-0.28
0.04 2.71 2707.73 271.75 276.10
0.28
0.00 2.29 2288.27 229.65 233.33
0.66
0.18 1.90 1896.49 190.33 193.38
-0.28
0.26 2.87 2867.73 287.81 292.41
-0.66
0.04 3.78 3783.51 379.71 385.79
-0.09
0.00 3.26 3263.84 327.56 332.80
110.55
123.57
96.07
15.57
84.62
143.16
57.92
45.78
104.43
86.57
40.13
82.03
88.02
101.73
88.92
77.27
55.75
85.31
82.36
87.80
92.78
119.27
95.39
44.55
81.91
92.67
70.71
54.17
89.04
85.19
62.32
77.71
157.89
108.98
83.96
89.51
66.64
69.01
95.96
119.40
135.94
153.39
129.63
107.43
162.45
214.33
184.89
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
47.00
48.00
49.00
50.00
51.00
52.00
53.00
54.00
55.00
56.00
57.00
58.00
59.00
60.00
61.00
62.00
63.00
64.00
65.00
3.55
3.46
4.06
4.13
4.48
4.79
4.89
5.30
5.69
6.04
6.32
6.83
7.12
7.53
7.85
8.61
9.06
9.66
10.11
0.20
0.17
0.26
0.20
0.34
0.38
0.43
0.43
0.55
0.59
0.66
0.78
0.91
1.06
1.08
1.20
1.26
1.36
1.47
0.00
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.09
0.04
0.03
0.06
0.08
0.05
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.09
0.07
0.09
0.08
0.11
0.10
13.18
8.79
8.79
35.16
0.00
-30.76
8.79
26.37
-4.39
8.79
35.16
21.97
-17.58
-35.16
0.00
4.39
8.79
8.79
4.39
0.28
0.19
0.19
0.75
0.00
-0.66
0.19
0.56
-0.09
0.19
0.75
0.47
-0.38
-0.75
0.00
0.09
0.19
0.19
0.09
0.00
0.13
0.09
0.18
0.40
0.18
0.13
0.26
0.35
0.22
0.44
0.53
0.62
0.40
0.31
0.40
0.35
0.48
0.44
67 66.00 10.71
1.56
0.11
8.79
0.19
0.48
68 67.00 11.29
1.70
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.48
69 68.00 12.05
1.78
0.11
39.55
0.85
0.48
70 69.00 12.56
1.93
0.19
57.13
1.22
0.84
71 70.00 13.26
2.17
0.23
-8.79
-0.19
1.01
72 71.00 13.83
2.38
0.18
-21.97
-0.47
0.79
73 72.00 14.60
2.52
0.18
17.58
0.38
0.79
74 73.00 15.33
2.75
0.21
-8.79
-0.19
0.92
75 74.00 16.12
2.95
0.17
-17.58
-0.38
0.75
76 75.00 16.57
3.09
0.18
48.34
1.03
0.79
77 76.00 17.30
3.30
0.26
65.92
1.41
1.14
78 77.00 17.84
3.61
0.31
-35.16
-0.75
1.36
79 78.00 18.73
3.91
0.19
-87.89
-1.88
0.84
80 79.00 19.43
4.00
0.13
4.39
0.09
0.57
81 80.00 20.20
4.18
0.20
74.71
1.60
0.88
82 81.00 20.87
4.40
0.28
79.10
1.69
1.23
83 82.00 21.53
4.74
0.36
8.79
0.19
1.58
84 83.00 22.20
5.12
0.30
-74.71
-1.60
1.32
85 84.00 22.84
86 85.00 23.48
5.34
5.55
0.21
0.19
-52.73
-17.58
-1.13
-0.38
0.92
0.84
3.27
3.14
3.78
3.20
4.08
5.27
4.57
4.47
5.43
5.63
5.13
5.83
6.88
7.89
7.54
8.12
8.52
8.99
9.58
10.0
4
10.8
1
10.7
2
10.5
0
12.4
4
13.5
1
13.4
3
14.5
9
15.7
5
14.7
4
14.7
5
17.2
3
19.7
7
18.7
6
17.7
2
17.9
5
19.7
6
22.4
8
23.0
4
23.0
3268.27
3140.11
3784.11
3202.44
4084.00
5271.51
4570.11
4472.33
5431.84
5632.11
5128.44
5832.38
6879.78
7885.56
7542.00
8120.16
8520.11
8988.11
9576.16
10038.1
1
10806.0
0
10720.6
0
10502.8
2
12435.8
9
13507.6
2
13432.2
2
14593.8
9
15747.7
8
14744.7
1
14746.9
3
17227.5
6
19772.6
8
18764.1
6
17723.0
4
17947.2
1
19758.1
1
22476.9
6
23043.1
2
23019.7
328.00
315.14
379.77
321.40
409.87
529.05
458.66
448.84
545.14
565.24
514.69
585.34
690.45
791.39
756.92
814.94
855.08
902.05
961.06
1007.4
2
1084.4
9
1075.9
2
1054.0
6
1248.0
7
1355.6
2
1348.0
6
1464.6
4
1580.4
5
1479.7
8
1480.0
0
1728.9
6
1984.3
9
1883.1
7
1778.6
8
1801.1
8
1982.9
2
2255.7
9
2312.6
1
2310.2
333.25
320.18
385.85
326.54
416.43
537.51
465.99
456.02
553.86
574.28
522.93
594.70
701.50
804.06
769.03
827.98
868.76
916.48
976.44
1023.5
4
1101.8
4
1093.1
3
1070.9
3
1268.0
3
1377.3
1
1369.6
3
1488.0
8
1605.7
3
1503.4
6
1503.6
8
1756.6
2
2016.1
4
1913.3
0
1807.1
4
1830.0
0
2014.6
5
2291.8
8
2349.6
1
2347.2
185.14
177.88
214.36
181.41
231.35
298.62
258.89
253.35
307.70
319.05
290.51
330.39
389.72
446.70
427.24
459.99
482.64
509.16
542.47
568.64
612.13
607.30
594.96
704.46
765.17
760.90
826.71
892.07
835.25
835.38
975.90
1120.08
1062.95
1003.97
1016.67
1119.25
1273.27
1305.34
1304.02
87 86.00 23.89
5.72
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.79
88 87.00 24.14
5.90
0.19
35.16
0.75
0.84
89 88.00 24.33
6.11
0.25
35.16
0.75
1.10
90 89.00 24.46
6.39
0.26
17.58
0.38
1.14
91 90.00 24.56
6.64
0.28
21.97
0.47
1.23
92 91.00 24.62
6.95
0.31
-65.92
-1.41
1.36
93 92.00 24.49
7.25
0.15 -140.63
-3.01
0.66
94 93.00 24.53
7.25
0.03
-26.37
-0.56
0.13
95 94.00 24.37
7.30
0.10
74.71
1.60
0.44
96 95.00 24.24
7.45
0.18
13.18
0.28
0.79
97 96.00 24.11
7.66
0.12
-43.95
-0.94
0.53
98 97.00 23.83
7.69
0.09
8.79
0.19
0.40
99 98.00 23.57
7.83
0.14
17.58
0.38
0.62
100 99.00 23.44
7.97
0.12
-26.37
-0.56
0.53
101 100.00 23.32
8.08
0.09
4.39
0.09
0.40
102 101.00 23.19
8.15
0.13
35.16
0.75
0.57
103 102.00 23.06
8.34
0.16
8.79
0.19
0.70
104 103.00 22.74
8.46
0.15
-52.73
-1.13
0.66
105 104.00 22.58
8.64
0.05
-74.71
-1.60
0.22
106 105.00 22.23
8.57
0.00
-21.97
-0.47
0.00
107 106.00 22.23
8.64
0.01
-13.18
-0.28
0.04
108 107.00 21.98
8.59
-0.03
-4.39
-0.09
-0.13
109 108.00 21.82
8.59
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
110 109.00 21.47
8.59
-0.03
-4.39
-0.09
-0.13
111 110.00 21.28
8.53
-0.01
-13.18
-0.28
-0.04
112 111.00 21.02
8.57
-0.05
-65.92
-1.41
-0.22
113 112.00 20.77
8.43
-0.14
-17.58
-0.38
-0.62
114 113.00 20.64
8.29
-0.09
4.39
0.09
-0.40
115 114.00 20.48
8.25
-0.13
-26.37
-0.56
-0.57
116 115.00 20.13
8.03
-0.14
-8.79
-0.19
-0.62
2
23.1
0
22.5
5
22.4
8
22.9
4
22.8
6
24.6
7
26.8
4
24.9
6
22.3
3
23.1
7
24.5
2
23.2
5
22.5
8
23.4
8
22.8
3
21.8
7
22.1
7
23.2
1
23.9
6
22.7
0
22.4
7
22.2
1
21.8
2
21.7
0
21.6
1
22.6
5
21.7
6
20.9
4
21.6
2
20.9
3
8
23098.0
0
22552.4
4
22478.4
4
22940.2
2
22858.3
8
24665.0
7
26836.0
2
24961.6
7
22333.0
4
23166.2
7
24521.4
5
23246.1
1
22578.2
2
23475.6
7
22830.1
6
21866.4
4
22168.1
1
23207.1
2
23956.9
6
22699.6
2
22467.7
3
22205.8
4
21820.0
0
21695.8
4
21605.7
3
22649.0
7
21761.7
8
20942.1
6
21615.6
7
20933.8
9
7
2318.1
2
2263.3
6
2255.9
4
2302.2
8
2294.0
7
2475.3
9
2693.2
6
2505.1
5
2241.3
4
2324.9
7
2460.9
7
2332.9
8
2265.9
5
2356.0
2
2291.2
4
2194.5
2
2224.7
9
2329.0
7
2404.3
2
2278.1
3
2254.8
6
2228.5
8
2189.8
6
2177.3
9
2168.3
5
2273.0
6
2184.0
1
2101.7
6
2169.3
5
2100.9
3
3
2355.2
1
2299.5
8
2292.0
3
2339.1
2
2330.7
7
2514.9
9
2736.3
6
2545.2
4
2277.2
1
2362.1
7
2500.3
5
2370.3
1
2302.2
1
2393.7
1
2327.8
9
2229.6
3
2260.3
9
2366.3
3
2442.7
9
2314.5
8
2290.9
4
2264.2
4
2224.8
9
2212.2
3
2203.0
4
2309.4
3
2218.9
6
2135.3
8
2204.0
6
2134.5
4
1308.45
1277.54
1273.35
1299.51
1294.87
1397.22
1520.20
1414.02
1265.11
1312.31
1389.08
1316.84
1279.00
1329.84
1293.27
1238.68
1255.77
1314.63
1357.11
1285.88
1272.74
1257.91
1236.05
1229.02
1223.91
1283.02
1232.75
1186.32
1224.48
1185.86
117 116.00 19.78
7.97
-0.15
8.79
0.19
-0.66
118 117.00 19.18
7.73
-0.12
30.76
0.66
-0.53
119 118.00 18.80
7.73
-0.09
-13.18
-0.28
-0.40
120 119.00 18.29
7.55
-0.15
-26.37
-0.56
-0.66
121 120.00 17.49
7.43
-0.14
43.95
0.94
-0.62
122 121.00 17.05
7.27
-0.06
79.10
1.69
-0.26
123 122.00 16.38
7.30
0.02
17.58
0.38
0.09
124 123.00 15.93
7.30
-0.03
-61.52
-1.32
-0.13
125 124.00 15.20
7.25
-0.11
-26.37
-0.56
-0.48
126 125.00 14.31
7.09
-0.08
21.97
0.47
-0.35
127 126.00 13.77
7.09
-0.06
-74.71
-1.60
-0.26
128 127.00 12.94
6.97
-0.23
-57.13
-1.22
-1.01
129 128.00 12.05
6.64
-0.18
21.97
0.47
-0.79
130 129.00 12.11
6.62
-0.18
-52.73
-1.13
-0.79
131 130.00 11.25

132 131.00 10.81
6.27
6.06
-0.28
-0.15
17.58
92.29
0.38
1.97
-1.23
-0.66
133 132.00 10.17
5.97
-0.10
-48.34
-1.03
-0.44
134 133.00 8.68

135 134.00 8.10
136 135.00 8.26
5.86
5.48
5.55
-0.25 -30.76
-0.16 140.62
0.04 17.58
-0.66
3.01
0.38
-1.10
-0.70
0.18
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
5.55
5.30
4.91
4.84
4.56
4.51
4.30
4.07
4.07
3.67
3.70
3.61
3.65
3.23
3.17
3.10
3.02
2.87
2.95
2.95
-0.12 -175.78
-0.32 -52.73
-0.23 70.31
-0.18 30.76
-0.17 21.97
-0.13 -26.37
-0.22 8.79
-0.11 8.79
-0.20 -35.16
-0.18 87.89
-0.03 79.10
-0.03 -83.50
-0.19 -105.47
-0.24 65.92
-0.06 79.10
-0.08 -26.37
-0.11 21.97
-0.04 74.71
0.04 -26.37
-0.09 -35.16
-3.76
-1.13
1.50
0.66
0.47
-0.56
0.19
0.19
-0.75
1.88
1.69
-1.78
-2.25
1.41
1.69
-0.56
0.47
1.60
-0.56
-0.75
-0.53
-1.41
-1.01
-0.79
-0.75
-0.57
-0.97
-0.48
-0.88
-0.79
-0.13
-0.13
-0.84
-1.06
-0.26
-0.35
-0.48
-0.18
0.18
-0.40
136.00
137.00
138.00
139.00
140.00
141.00
142.00
143.00
144.00
145.00
146.00
147.00
148.00
149.00
150.00
151.00
152.00
153.00
154.00
155.00
7.12
6.42
6.00
5.75
5.40
4.70
4.32
3.65
3.52
2.95
3.46
2.98
2.54
1.80
2.44
2.12
1.74
1.55
2.03
1.36
20.2
5
19.0
5
19.4
8
19.5
1
17.1
7
15.6
2
15.9
2
17.3
8
16.2
5
14.1
9
15.6
3
15.1
7
12.3
7
14.0
3
12.1
1
9.50
11.6
4
10.4
4
5.80
7.71
11.4
1
8.96
5.51
5.88
5.68
5.84
5.10
3.95
5.15
1.86
1.90
4.90
5.63
1.45
1.01
3.04
1.75
0.13
2.42
2.51
20252.1
1
19050.4
9
19477.7
3
19513.6
7
17166.5
5
15623.2
1
15916.2
2
17377.0
1
16247.6
7
14192.3
8
15630.9
6
15173.1
8
12372.3
8
14029.1
2
12106.2
2
9497.26
11643.2
9
10437.5
1
5798.19
7708.22
11405.3
7
8955.12
5509.10
5884.49
5678.38
5835.67
5100.11
3946.11
5151.56
1863.32
1901.21
4896.85
5630.46
1446.93
1013.21
3035.67
1754.38
129.04
2417.67
2507.56
2032.5
0
1911.9
1
1954.7
8
1958.3
9
1722.8
4
1567.9
4
1597.3
5
1743.9
6
1630.6
2
1424.3
5
1568.7
2
1522.7
8
1241.6
9
1407.9
6
1214.9
8
953.15
1168.5
2
1047.5
1
581.91
773.60
1144.6
4
898.74
552.89
590.57
569.88
585.67
511.85
396.03
517.01
187.00
190.81
491.45
565.07
145.21
101.69
304.66
176.07
12.95
242.64
251.66
2065.0
2
1942.5
0
1986.0
6
1989.7
3
1750.4
0
1593.0
3
1622.9
1
1771.8
6
1656.7
1
1447.1
4
1593.8
2
1547.1
4
1261.5
6
1430.4
9
1234.4
2
968.40
1187.2
2
1064.2
7
591.22
785.97
1162.9
6
913.12
561.74
600.02
579.00
595.04
520.04
402.37
525.28
189.99
193.86
499.31
574.11
147.54
103.31
309.53
178.89
13.16
246.52
255.69
1147.23
1079.17
1103.37
1105.40
972.44
885.02
901.62
984.37
920.39
803.97
885.46
859.52
700.87
794.72
685.79
538.00
659.56
591.26
328.45
436.65
646.09
507.29
312.08
333.34
321.67
330.58
288.91
223.54
291.82
105.55
107.70
277.39
318.95
81.97
57.40
171.96
99.38
7.31
136.96
142.05
157
158
159
160
156.00
157.00
158.00
159.00
1.29
1.55
1.17
1.01
2.77
2.87
2.87
2.89
-0.04
0.05
0.01
-0.06
70.31
21.97
-57.13
-4.39
1.50
0.47
-1.22
-0.09
-0.18
0.22
0.04
-0.26
161
162
163
164
165
166
160.00
161.00
162.00
163.00
164.00
165.00
0.59
0.98
0.98
0.85
0.79
0.53
2.75
2.89
2.95
2.96
3.02
3.03
0.00
0.10
0.04
0.04
0.04
-0.01
79.10
17.58
-30.76
0.00
-21.97
-4.39
1.69
0.38
-0.66
0.00
-0.47
-0.09
0.00
0.44
0.18
0.18
0.18
-0.04
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
166.00
167.00
168.00
169.00
170.00
171.00
172.00
173.00
0.82
0.59
0.91
0.69
0.72
0.91
0.56
0.59
3.00
3.09
3.16
3.16
3.23
3.19
3.30
3.17
0.03
0.08
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.04
-0.01
-0.04
43.95
4.39
-21.97
-8.79
0.00
-13.18
-35.16
21.97
0.94
0.09
-0.47
-0.19
0.00
-0.28
-0.75
0.47
0.13
0.35
0.18
0.18
0.09
0.18
-0.04
-0.18
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
174.00
175.00
176.00
177.00
178.00
179.00
180.00
181.00
182.00
183.00
184.00
185.00
0.69
0.82
0.98
0.91
0.85
0.47
0.79
0.85
0.75
0.79
0.66
0.66
3.23
3.24
3.38
3.37
3.44
3.37
3.38
3.44
3.44
3.44
3.53
3.51
0.04
0.08
0.06
0.03
0.00
-0.03
0.04
0.03
0.00
0.04
0.04
0.01
57.13
13.18
-26.37
-30.76
-26.37
17.58
26.37
-17.58
8.79
17.58
-17.58
0.00
1.22
0.28
-0.56
-0.66
-0.56
0.38
0.56
-0.38
0.19
0.38
-0.38
0.00
0.18
0.35
0.26
0.13
0.00
-0.13
0.18
0.13
0.00
0.18
0.18
0.04
187
188
189
190
186.00
187.00
188.00
189.00
0.72
0.72
0.59
0.66
3.54
3.58
3.67
3.65
0.04
0.06
0.04
0.00
26.37
0.00
-30.76
17.58
0.56
0.00
-0.66
0.38
0.18
0.26
0.18
0.00
191
192
193
194
190.00
191.00
192.00
193.00
0.98
0.69
0.47
0.02
3.67
3.79
3.95
3.93
0.07 70.31
0.14
0.00
0.07 -127.44
-0.11 -65.92
1.50
0.00
-2.72
-1.41
0.31
0.62
0.31
-0.48
195
196
197
198
199
200
194.00
195.00
196.00
197.00
198.00
199.00
0.34
1.04
0.69
0.53
0.40
0.00
3.72
3.81
3.79
3.84
3.79
0.00
-0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
-0.05
0.00
1.60
0.85
-0.38
-0.75
-1.13
0.00
-0.26
0.18
0.09
0.00
-0.22
0.00
74.71
39.55
-17.58
-35.16
-52.73
0.00
0.04
0.86
2.35
1.37
1.10
0.16
1.46
0.67
1.08
0.67
0.25
0.14
1.20
0.70
0.63
1.02
1.36
0.30
0.71
0.19
1.28
1.44
1.41
0.23
0.05
1.09
0.56
0.24
0.86
0.62
0.02
0.46
1.07
0.28
0.83
0.07
2.89
1.91
0.99
0.02
0.98
1.28
1.75
0.00
-36.90
860.38
2347.18
1367.84
1100.79
164.22
1461.51
674.00
1083.62
667.84
-3.70
86.35
235.56
137.28
-2.09
48.74
132.96
77.48
-110.48
16.48
146.68
67.64
108.75
67.02
-3.76
87.73
239.33
139.47
112.24
16.74
149.02
68.72
110.49
68.10
-251.45
144.16
1203.62
701.89
632.00
1015.73
1355.56
296.38
-25.24
14.47
120.80
70.44
63.43
101.94
136.04
29.74
-25.64
14.70
122.73
71.57
64.44
103.57
138.22
30.22
-14.24
8.17
68.18
39.76
35.80
57.54
76.79
16.79
-707.18
186.27
1279.67
1435.51
1413.67
226.22
50.33
1093.78
562.11
238.22
859.78
616.00
-70.97
18.69
128.43
144.07
141.88
22.70
5.05
109.77
56.41
23.91
86.29
61.82
-72.11
18.99
130.48
146.37
144.15
23.07
5.13
111.53
57.32
24.29
87.67
62.81
-40.06
10.55
72.49
81.32
80.08
12.81
2.85
61.96
31.84
13.49
48.70
34.89
-19.67
456.00
1071.51
284.22
-1.97
45.76
107.54
28.52
-2.01
46.50
109.26
28.98
-1.11
25.83
60.70
16.10
-830.90 -83.39 -84.72

74.00
7.43
7.55
2886.08 289.65 294.28
1913.07 192.00 195.07
-992.96 -99.65 101.25
18.60
1.87
1.90
977.78 98.13 99.70
1281.56 128.62 130.68
1747.12 175.34 178.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
-47.07
4.19
163.49
108.37
-62.36
9.30
82.79
38.18
61.38
37.83
-56.25
1.05
55.39
72.60
98.97
0.00
APPENDIX 8
No
Time
(ms)
Displa Velocit Acceler

u(i + 1)
Load
G * H Fu(i+1)
cemen y
ation k(i + 1)
- u(i)
(MN)
t (mm) (m/s) (m/s2)
Ma(i+1)
C-J-L
C(i+1)
-0.752
0.752
15.031
-0.823
20.583
C(i+2)
C(i+2)*
Fu(i+2)
v(i+1)
Fu(i+2)
u(i+2)u(i+1)
Fu(i+1)
k(i+2)
Fu
Ton to
MN to kN kN to Ton
Tonnes
Normali
sed
data
(Tonnes
/m)
0.021
3754
1
0.00
1.42
-0.06
0.05 -35.16 -23.667 -0.060
1.00
1.33
-0.01
0.02 -43.95
2.00
1.52
-0.03 -0.04
0.00
3.00
1.49
-0.08
0.02
52.73
4.00
1.52
0.01
0.07 -13.18 152.000
5.00
1.45
0.06
-0.01 -48.34
6.00
1.36
-0.01 -0.03 21.97 -136.000 -0.070
7.00
1.36
0.01
0.04
8.00
1.23
0.06
0.01 -30.76
10
9.00
1.49
0.03
-0.03
4.39
11
10.00
1.36
0.01
0.02
26.37
12
11.00
1.58
0.06
0.03
0.00
13
12.00
1.36
0.06
0.02 -13.18
14
13.00
1.42
0.10
0.00 -17.58
15
14.00
1.20
0.06
-0.02 -13.18
16
15.00
1.42
0.06
-0.03
8.79
17
16.00
1.36
0.01
0.00
17.58
18
17.00
1.55
0.06
0.01
0.00
19
18.00
1.36
0.03
0.00
-4.39
20
19.00
1.55
0.06
0.00
0.00
21
20.00
1.45
0.03
0.00
-8.79
22
21.00
1.36
0.06
-0.02 -30.76
23
22.00
1.42
-0.01 -0.06
1.420
1.420
1.013
2.343
-0.939
-50.667 -0.020
15.031
1.127
0.090 13.680 15.170
20.583
-1.033
0.470
0.050
1.025
-0.658
2.385
0.000
0.000
1.580
-0.040 -0.800
0.620
0.564
2.026
-0.282
-0.282
0.376
-0.030 -1.360
0.190
-0.094
0.062
-0.030 -1.450
0.100
-0.188
0.862
9.940 11.300
0.000
-291.929
6.364
1.264
1.538
1.492
-0.096
-2.481 -0.030
82.711
80.44
1.969
1968.83
197.59
200.75
111.53
2.343
2343.33
235.18
238.94
132.74
-0.049
-48.79
-4.90
-4.98
-2.76
0.574
573.53
57.56
58.48
32.49
2385.00
239.36
243.19
135.10
-96.32
-9.67
-9.82
-5.46
-1.230
-1230.00
-123.44
-125.42 -69.68
-1459.50
-146.48
-148.82 -82.68
3.039
-1.459
-0.229
0.050
-4.590
-1.459
1.580
1580.00
158.57
161.11
89.50
3.086
0.000
1.796
0.216
0.040
5.394
1.796
1795.78
180.22
183.11
101.73
0.620
620.00
62.22
63.22
35.12
-43.086
1.293
-0.060
-0.680
0.000
#DIV/0!
-0.060
-60.48
-6.07
-6.17
-3.43
-5.380
-5380.00
-539.94
-548.58 -304.76
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.050
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.190
190.00
19.07
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.030
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.100
100.00
10.04
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.030
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
-9.880 164.667
2.385
-0.096
101.317
-43.086
-0.658
-142.000 -0.070
0.574 -14.596 0.050
3.086
0.000
48.333
1.910
101.317
0.000
45.333
47.842
144.79
10.970 10970.00 1100.95 1118.56 621.42
-49.749
0.188
136.000 -0.050 -6.800 -5.380
-2.392 -0.050
10.977
142.51
335.987 13.439 -12.455 -23.425 0.020 -1171.263 -12.455 -12455.27 -1250.01 -1270.01 -100.00
-0.376
20.000
0.050
-0.497 -49.749
0.000
22.667
-0.049
0.549
1420.00
15.170 15170.00 1522.46 1546.82 859.34

-190.975
0.094
136.000 -0.020 -2.720 -1.230
0.412
1.969
-10.080 335.987
0.376
20.500
0.301
-0.282 -13.368 -190.975
9.520 10.970
17.58
0.00
0.000
1.420
19.37
10.76
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
10.20
5.66
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
11.300 11300.00 1134.07 1152.21 640.12
24
23.00
1.45
-0.06 -0.02 35.16
25
24.00
1.49
-0.04
0.01
0.00
26
25.00
1.36
-0.04 -0.02
-8.79
27
26.00
1.58
-0.08 -0.01 17.58
28
27.00
1.42
-0.06
0.02
17.58
29
28.00
1.61
-0.04
0.03
-4.39
30
29.00
1.36
-0.01
0.01
-8.79
31
30.00
1.52
-0.03
0.01
17.58
32
31.00
1.36
0.01
0.04
-8.79
33
32.00
1.71
0.06
-0.01 -48.34
34
33.00
1.61
-0.01 -0.05
35
34.00
1.77
-0.04 -0.02 17.58
36
35.00
1.68
-0.04 -0.02
8.79
37
36.00
1.74
-0.08
0.00
26.37
38
37.00
1.77
-0.04
0.04
17.58
39
38.00
1.87
-0.01
0.04
0.00
40
39.00
2.19
0.03
0.04
-4.39
41
40.00
2.25
0.06
0.03 -13.18
42
41.00
2.47
0.08
0.01 -13.18
43
42.00
2.57
0.08
0.00
13.18
44
43.00
2.73
0.08
0.04
30.76
45
44.00
2.85
0.15
0.06 -13.18
46
45.00
3.17
0.20
0.01 -30.76
47
46.00
3.17
0.17
0.00
-4.39
48
47.00
3.55
0.20
0.00
13.18
49
48.00
3.46
0.17
0.03
8.79
50
49.00
4.06
0.26
0.02
8.79
51
50.00
4.13
0.20
0.04
35.16
52
51.00
4.48
0.34
0.09
0.00
53
52.00
4.79
0.38
0.04 -30.76
54
53.00
4.89
0.43
0.03
0.752
-37.250
0.020
-0.745
0.705
164.667
0.785
-19.750 -0.040
0.790
2.150
0.376
-0.946
0.020
-0.805
0.615
-0.094
1.089
1.013
2.373
0.376
0.050
1.425
2.785
-44.250 -0.030
1.328
2.938
-1.033
-0.042
4.171
-1.543
77.164
-0.094
0.376
0.870
2.550
0.564
-187.000 0.030
-5.610 -3.840
0.000
0.030
1.125
-0.282
3.315
32.125
0.000
0.000
2.470
0.282
19.000
0.070
1.330
4.060
-0.282
18.647
-0.030 -0.559
2.611
-0.094
20.353
-0.030 -0.611
2.939
0.188
-0.060 -1.239
2.821
0.752
0.653
0.040
0.504
4.984
-0.658
0.188
317.92
176.62
2.150
2150.00
215.77
219.23
121.79
94.578
1.892
-0.847
-2.997
0.020
-149.867
-0.847
-847.34
-85.04
-86.40
-48.00
0.615
615.00
61.72
62.71
34.84
36.295
0.363
1.185
0.570
0.030
18.998
1.185
1184.94
118.92
120.82
67.12
2.373
2373.33
238.19
242.00
134.44
-122.911 -4.916
6.464
4.091
0.040
102.275
6.464
6464.34
648.76
659.14
366.19
2.785
2785.00
279.50
283.97
157.76
1.912
1912.40
191.93
195.00
108.33
2.938
2937.50
294.81
299.52
166.40
304.63
309.51
171.95
144.45
-0.209
-1.543
1.912
3.035
-0.873 -0.070
0.098
12.466
0.000
#DIV/0!
3.035
3035.39
2.550
2550.00
255.92
260.01
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.040
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
-3.840
-3840.00
-385.38
-391.55 -217.53
-3.426
-3426.16
-343.85
-349.35 -194.08
3.315
3315.00
332.69
338.02
187.79
302.37
307.20
170.67
139.92
5.710
-3.426
0.414
0.040
10.346
-0.261
3.013
-0.302
0.020
-15.109
3.013
3012.82
2.470
2470.00
247.89
251.86
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.000
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
4.060
4060.00
407.46
413.98
229.99
-15.471
0.050
-1.556
3.982
3982.22
399.66
406.05
225.58
2.611
2610.59
262.00
266.19
147.88
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.030
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.333
0.557
0.463
-0.155
3.982
-0.078
#DIV/0!
11.090
2.939
2939.41
295.00
299.72
166.51
11.090
0.222
3.650
0.711
0.090
7.899
3.650
3650.31
366.35
372.21
206.78
2.821
2821.00
283.12
287.65
159.80
13.936
1.254
3.226
0.405
0.140
2.891
3.226
3225.76
323.74
328.92
182.73
4.984
4984.21
500.22
508.22
282.34
11.582
0.347
4.355
-0.630
0.050
-12.591
4.355
4354.64
437.03
444.02
246.68
13.936
0.000
12.605
312.91
-0.928 -15.471
0.188
20.650
3117.89
-0.182 #DIV/0!
0.282
39.94
3.118
-26.109
-0.658
226.12
#DIV/0!
142.750
0.658
71.89
0.000
-0.783 -26.109
-0.282
407.02
70.75
2.413
142.750
-0.094
37.500
400.61
705.00
3.118
-1.374 #DIV/0!
5.710
3991.77
0.705
-1.570
77.164
0.376
3.992
78.500
4.171
0.188
-21.750 -0.040
146.165
-1.229 -122.911
-0.188
28.500
-7.308 -0.050
36.295
-0.188
-50.667 -0.020
3.992
94.578
0.376
-40.250
-3.293
78.500
-0.188
-4.39
8.79
0.000
11.582
55
54.00
5.30
0.43
0.06
26.37
56
55.00
5.69
0.55
0.08
-4.39
57
56.00
6.04
0.59
0.05
8.79
58
57.00
6.32
0.66
0.10
35.16
59
58.00
6.83
0.78
0.12
21.97
60
59.00
7.12
0.91
0.14 -17.58
61
60.00
7.53
1.06
0.09 -35.16
62
61.00
7.85
1.08
0.07
0.00
63
62.00
8.61
1.20
0.09
4.39
64
63.00
9.06
1.26
0.08
8.79
65
64.00
9.66
1.36
0.11
8.79
66
65.00 10.11 1.47
0.10
4.39
67
66.00 10.71 1.56
0.11
8.79
68
67.00 11.29 1.70
0.11
0.00
69
68.00 12.05 1.78
0.11
39.55
70
69.00 12.56 1.93
0.19
57.13
71
70.00 13.26 2.17
0.23
-8.79
72
71.00 13.83 2.38
0.18 -21.97
73
72.00 14.60 2.52
0.18
17.58
74
73.00 15.33 2.75
0.21
-8.79
75
74.00 16.12 2.95
0.17 -17.58
76
75.00 16.57 3.09
0.18
48.34
77
76.00 17.30 3.30
0.26
65.92
78
77.00 17.84 3.61
0.31 -35.16
79
78.00 18.73 3.91
0.19 -87.89
80
79.00 19.43 4.00
0.13
4.39
81
80.00 20.20 4.18
0.20
74.71
82
81.00 20.87 4.40
0.28
79.10
83
82.00 21.53 4.74
0.36
8.79
84
83.00 22.20 5.12
0.30 -74.71
85
84.00 22.84 5.34
0.21 -52.73
12.326
0.000
0.000
4.890
0.564
-0.154
-2.561
-0.094
10.237
0.040
0.409
6.099
0.188
-0.247
0.120
1.051
7.371
0.470
7.104
0.150
1.066
8.186
-0.752
-1.010
-8.420
0.096
1.067
-0.376
0.120
0.861
8.711
0.094
-0.195
0.100
0.710
9.770
0.188
-0.298
0.090
0.618 10.728
0.188
-0.206
0.080
0.542 11.832
0.845
-0.627
0.240
1.467 14.027
-0.188
-0.579
0.140
0.811 14.641
0.376
-0.417
0.200
1.093 16.423
-0.376
5.242
0.210
1.101 17.671
1.409
0.073
0.429
-1.780
-6.846
1.033
-0.752
4.790
0.300
1.437 19.277
-1.879
1.332
0.180
0.870 20.300
1.597
4.542
0.340
1.544 22.414
0.188
-1.697
-8.484
-1.072
-2.978
1.691
-1.597
4.277
0.220
0.941 23.141
-1.127
610.65
339.25
6.099
6099.49
612.14
621.94
345.52
-4.948
-0.495
6.063
-0.036
0.070
-0.518
6.063
6063.20
608.50
618.24
343.47
7.371
7370.77
739.73
751.57
417.54
8.675
8674.56
870.58
884.51
491.39
8.186
8185.57
821.50
834.65
463.69
7775.34
780.33
792.82
440.45
0.826
-1.179
8.675
1.304
0.130
10.029
1.067
0.075
7.775
-0.410
0.020
-20.511
7.775
8.711
8711.00
874.24
888.22
493.46
-2.165
-0.173
9.045
0.334
0.060
5.572
9.045
9045.30
907.79
922.31
512.39
9.770
9770.29
980.55
996.24
553.46
-2.711
-0.271 10.287
0.517
0.110
4.699
10.287 10287.24 1032.43 1048.95 582.75
-1.871
-0.206 11.496
0.768
0.140
5.485
11.496 11495.77 1153.72 1172.18 651.21
-5.700
-1.083 12.422
0.590
0.150
3.935
12.422 12421.77 1246.65 1266.60 703.66
-2.516
-0.453 14.752
0.726
0.210
3.457
14.752 14752.48 1480.56 1504.25 835.69
-2.316
-0.486 16.004
1.363
0.230
5.927
16.004 16004.26 1606.19 1631.89 906.60
10.728 10727.88 1076.65 1093.88 607.71

11.832 11831.57 1187.42 1206.42 670.23
14.027 14026.54 1407.70 1430.23 794.57
14.641 14641.11 1469.38 1492.89 829.38
16.423 16422.88 1648.20 1674.57 930.32
0.429
0.077 15.460 -0.963
0.140
-6.881
15.460 15459.53 1551.52 1576.34 875.75
-6.846
-2.122 20.714
3.043
0.310
9.816
20.714 20713.84 2078.84 2112.10 1173.39
7.008
0.911 18.425 -0.852
0.090
-9.467
18.425 18425.07 1849.14 1878.73 1043.74
17.671 17670.91 1773.45 1801.83 1001.02
7.008
0.094
4.833
601.03
-2.316
-0.188
5.464
5988.73
-2.516
-0.470
5.794
5.989
-5.700
1.221
6.111
9.156
-1.871
0.000
6.770
277.01
0.120
-2.711
0.094
6.865
498.61
1.099
-2.165
0.188
7.103
490.76
5.989
-8.420
0.000
7.175
4890.00
-0.205
-4.948
0.752
8.756
4.890
-2.561
3.934
19.277 19277.08 1934.65 1965.60 1092.00

20.300 20299.86 2037.29 2069.89 1149.94
-8.484
-2.376 21.555
1.255
0.220
5.704
21.555 21554.74 2163.23 2197.85 1221.03
-2.978
-0.894 24.690
2.276
0.380
5.990
24.690 24690.49 2477.94 2517.58 1398.66
22.414 22414.35 2249.50 2285.50 1269.72

23.141 23140.97 2322.43 2359.59 1310.88
86
85.00 23.48 5.55
0.19 -17.58
87
86.00 23.89 5.72
0.18
0.00
88
87.00 24.14 5.90
0.19
35.16
89
88.00 24.33 6.11
0.25
35.16
90
89.00 24.46 6.39
0.26
17.58
91
90.00 24.56 6.64
0.28
21.97
92
91.00 24.62 6.95
93
92.00 24.49 7.25
0.31 -65.92
0.15 140.63
94
93.00 24.53 7.25
0.03 -26.37
95
94.00 24.37 7.30
0.10
74.71
96
95.00 24.24 7.45
0.18
13.18
97
96.00 24.11 7.66
0.12 -43.95
98
97.00 23.83 7.69
0.09
8.79
99
98.00 23.57 7.83
0.14
17.58
100 99.00 23.44 7.97
0.12 -26.37
101 100.00 23.32 8.08
0.09
4.39
102 101.00 23.19 8.15
0.13
35.16
103 102.00 23.06 8.34
0.16
8.79
104 103.00 22.74 8.46
0.15 -52.73
105 104.00 22.58 8.64
0.05 -74.71
106 105.00 22.23 8.57
0.00 -21.97
107 106.00 22.23 8.64
0.01 -13.18
108 107.00 21.98 8.59
-0.03
109 108.00 21.82 8.59
-0.03
0.00
110 109.00 21.47 8.59
-0.03
-4.39
111 110.00 21.28 8.53
-0.01 -13.18
112 111.00 21.02 8.57
-0.05 -65.92
113 112.00 20.77 8.43
-0.14 -17.58
114 113.00 20.64 8.29
-0.09
115 114.00 20.48 8.25
-0.13 -26.37
-0.376
4.177
0.170
0.710 24.190
0.000
-0.300
0.752
3.982
0.210
0.836 24.976
0.752
-1.398
0.250
0.925 25.385
0.470
-1.294
0.300
1.013 25.633
-3.006
1.863
0.050
0.167 24.697
1.597
0.210
0.661 24.901
-0.939
0.148
0.140
0.421 24.251
2.886
0.110
0.317 23.757
0.376
-1.057
-7.551
-0.531
-5.903
0.752
2.765
0.190
0.525 23.715
0.188
-0.843
0.180
0.470 23.210
-1.597
0.967
2.573
0.070
0.180 22.410
-0.282
0.102
0.000
0.000 21.980
0.000
-0.160
-0.060 -0.150 21.320
-0.282
0.241
2.464
-0.140 -0.345 20.675
-0.376
0.471
-0.040 -0.099 20.541
-0.564
0.562
0.280
2.006
25.538 25537.91 2562.98 2603.99 1446.66
-4.623
-1.433 27.462
2.077
0.310
6.701
27.462 27462.06 2756.09 2800.19 1555.66
12.418
0.373 24.721 -0.912
0.000
#DIV/0!
24.721 24721.14 2481.01 2520.71 1400.39
-19.239
-3.463 27.421
2.724
0.150
18.162
27.421 27421.25 2752.00 2796.03 1553.35
0.111 23.531 -1.370
0.030
-45.674
23.531 23530.76 2361.55 2399.33 1332.96
24.976 24976.22 2506.61 2546.72 1414.84

25.385 25384.70 2547.61 2588.37 1437.98
25.633 25633.38 2572.57 2613.73 1452.07

24.697 24696.92 2478.58 2518.24 1399.02
24.901 24900.98 2499.06 2539.05 1410.58
0.503
24.251 24251.43 2433.87 2472.82 1373.79

-7.551
-0.906 24.910
0.658
0.140
4.703
24.910 24909.85 2499.95 2539.95 1411.08
-5.903
-0.767 23.206 -0.552
0.070
-7.880
23.206 23205.89 2328.94 2366.21 1314.56
-5.270
-0.791 24.658
0.120
7.853
24.658 24657.66 2474.64 2514.24 1396.80
19.331
0.000 22.700 -0.511 -0.070
7.297
22.700 22699.62 2278.13 2314.58 1285.88
10.162
-0.305 22.379 -0.031 -0.050
0.628
22.379 22378.71 2245.93 2281.86 1267.70
5.333
-0.160 21.724 -0.256
0.000
#DIV/0!
21.724 21723.84 2180.20 2215.09 1230.60
-24.141
1.207 21.222 -0.098
0.040
-2.458
21.222 21222.01 2129.84 2163.92 1202.18
-3.362
0.303 20.244 -0.432 -0.140
3.082
20.244 20243.56 2031.64 2064.15 1146.75
23.757 23757.48 2384.30 2422.45 1345.81

23.715 23715.35 2380.07 2418.15 1343.42
0.942
23.210 23210.42 2329.40 2366.67 1314.82

22.410 22410.10 2249.08 2285.06 1269.48
21.980 21980.00 2205.91 2241.21 1245.12
21.320 21320.32 2139.71 2173.94 1207.75
-3.362
0.094
2.482
-1.454 25.538
-24.141
-1.409
4.39
-5.591
24.190 24190.02 2427.71 2466.55 1370.31
5.333
-0.094
2.495
23.705 23705.13 2379.05 2417.11 1342.84
10.162
-0.094
2.540
-2.694
19.331
-0.470
-4.39
0.180
-5.270
-1.127
2.613
-0.317 23.705 -0.485
1.237
-0.564
0.094
-1.667
1.237
0.188
3.010
23.108 23108.31 2319.15 2356.26 1309.03
-1.924 -19.239
0.282
3.148
-0.156
12.418
-0.564
3.338
0.210
-4.623
-1.409
3.378
0.747 23.108 -0.033
-5.591
0.376
3.699
3.934
-1.667
-3.869
20.675 20675.07 2074.95 2108.15 1171.19

20.541 20540.70 2061.46 2094.45 1163.58
116 115.00 20.13 8.03
-0.14
-8.79
117 116.00 19.78 7.97
-0.15
8.79
118 117.00 19.18 7.73
-0.12 30.76
119 118.00 18.80 7.73
-0.09 -13.18
120 119.00 18.29 7.55
-0.15 -26.37
121 120.00 17.49 7.43
-0.14 43.95
122 121.00 17.05 7.27
-0.06 79.10
123 122.00 16.38 7.30
0.02
124 123.00 15.93 7.30
-0.03 -61.52
17.58
125 124.00 15.20 7.25
-0.11 -26.37
126 125.00 14.31 7.09
-0.08 21.97
127 126.00 13.77 7.09
-0.06 -74.71
128 127.00 12.94 6.97
-0.23 -57.13
129 128.00 12.05 6.64
-0.18 21.97
130 129.00 12.11 6.62
-0.18 -52.73
131 130.00 11.25 6.27
-0.28 17.58
132 131.00 10.81 6.06
-0.15 92.29
133 132.00 10.17 5.97
-0.10 -48.34
134 133.00 8.68
5.86
-0.25 -30.76
135 134.00 8.10
5.48
-0.16 140.62
136 135.00 8.26
5.55
0.04
137 136.00 7.12
5.55
17.58
-0.12 175.78
138 137.00 6.42
5.30
-0.32 -52.73
139 138.00 6.00
4.91
-0.23 70.31
140 139.00 5.75
4.84
-0.18 30.76
141 140.00 5.40
4.56
-0.17 21.97
142 141.00 4.70
4.51
-0.13 -26.37
143 142.00 4.32
4.30
-0.22
8.79
144 143.00 3.65
4.07
-0.11
8.79
145 144.00 3.52
4.07
-0.20 -35.16
-0.188
2.482
-0.060 -0.149 19.981
0.188
-0.389
0.658
2.432
0.000
0.000 19.180
-0.282
-0.098
-0.120 -0.282 18.008
0.939
-1.457
0.030
0.067 17.117
0.376
-0.050 -0.105 15.825
-0.564
1.942
0.000
-1.597
-0.062
0.559
1.057
-17.616
0.470
0.000 14.310
-1.221
1.815
-0.330 -0.599 12.341
0.470
-0.761
-0.350 -0.628 11.482
0.376
1.704
-0.090 -0.153 10.657
-1.033
1.478
-0.380 -0.562
-0.608
2.171
0.547
-5.466
-3.024
18.901
0.000
0.000
8.260
-3.757
2.617
-0.390 -0.477
5.943
1.503
-1.446
-0.280 -0.332
5.418
0.470
-0.488
-0.210 -0.211
4.489
0.188
-0.357
0.000
0.000
3.650
-0.752
19.017 19017.46 1908.59 1939.13 1077.29
10.407
-0.624 15.984 -2.024 -0.160
12.649
15.984 15983.62 1604.12 1629.78 905.43
-55.655
1.670 15.575 -1.542
#DIV/0!
15.575 15575.37 1563.14 1588.15 882.31
19.180 19180.00 1924.90 1955.70 1086.50

18.008 18007.52 1807.24 1836.15 1020.08
17.117 17117.32 1717.89 1745.38 969.66
0.622
0.000
15.825 15825.17 1588.21 1613.63 896.46

0.559
-0.045 13.885 -1.940 -0.160
12.125
13.885 13885.11 1393.51 1415.81 786.56
-17.616
4.052 10.110 -4.200 -0.120
35.004
10.110 10109.51 1014.59 1030.82 572.68
-0.761 13.998
-82.837
13.998 13997.87 1404.83 1427.30 792.95
14.310 14310.00 1436.15 1459.13 810.63

12.341 12341.13 1238.56 1258.37 699.10
1.657
-0.020
11.482 11482.01 1152.33 1170.77 650.43

-0.326
9.163
-2.319 -0.210
11.044
-3.108
9.163
9162.87
919.59
934.30
519.05
10.657 10656.68 1069.50 1086.62 603.68

1.367
7.971
-2.686 -0.110
24.415
7.971
7971.00
799.97
812.77
8.118
8118.32
814.75
827.79
451.54
459.88
18.901
0.756
7.128
-0.990
0.070
-14.145
7.128
7128.19
715.38
726.83
403.80
8.260
8260.00
828.97
842.24
467.91
-21.811
6.980
0.567
-7.693 -0.250
30.770
0.567
567.48
56.95
57.86
32.15
5.943
5943.42
596.48
606.03
336.68
6224.40
624.68
634.68
352.60
6.288
-1.132
6.224
0.281
-0.070
-4.014
6.224
5.418
5418.42
543.79
552.49
306.94
2.871
-0.373
5.637
0.218
-0.050
-4.369
5.637
5636.88
565.72
574.77
319.32
4.489
4489.02
450.52
457.73
254.29
1.622
-0.178
3.641
-0.848 -0.230
3.689
3.641
3640.57
365.37
371.21
206.23
3.650
3650.00
366.31
372.18
206.76
1.622
0.188
0.865
0.903
2.871
-0.564
1.005
-0.164 19.017 -0.163 -0.180
6.288
0.658
1.184
1.092
19.981 19981.09 2005.30 2037.39 1131.88
-21.811
-1.127
1.222
18.834 18833.68 1890.15 1920.39 1066.88
-5.466
0.376
1.283
4.781
2.171
-0.658
3.006
-0.311 18.834 -1.147 -0.240
4.226
1.973
8.118
2.593
4.226
-1.127
1.794
19.776 19776.23 1984.74 2016.50 1120.28
-1.113 -55.655
-1.315
2.097
3.475
10.407
1.691
2.244
0.542 19.776 -0.764 -0.220
1.092
-0.564
2.354
-3.869
2.593
146 145.00 2.95
3.67
-0.18 87.89
147 146.00 3.46
3.70
-0.03 79.10
148 147.00 2.98
3.61
149 148.00 2.54
3.65
-0.03 -83.50
-0.19 105.47
150 149.00 1.80
3.23
-0.24 65.92
151 150.00 2.44
3.17
-0.06 79.10
152 151.00 2.12
3.10
-0.08 -26.37
153 152.00 1.74
3.02
-0.11 21.97
154 153.00 1.55
2.87
-0.04 74.71
155 154.00 2.03
2.95
0.04 -26.37
156 155.00 1.36
2.95
-0.09 -35.16
157 156.00 1.29
2.77
-0.04 70.31
158 157.00 1.55
2.87
0.05
159 158.00 1.17
2.87
0.01 -57.13
160 159.00 1.01
2.89
-0.06
-4.39
161 160.00 0.59
2.75
0.00
79.10
162 161.00 0.98
2.89
0.10
17.58
163 162.00 0.98
2.95
0.04 -30.76
164 163.00 0.85
2.96
0.04
165 164.00 0.79
3.02
0.04 -21.97
166 165.00 0.53
3.03
-0.01
-4.39
167 166.00 0.82
3.00
0.03
43.95
168 167.00 0.59
3.09
0.08
4.39
169 168.00 0.91
3.16
0.04 -21.97
170 169.00 0.69
3.16
0.04
-8.79
171 170.00 0.72
3.23
0.02
0.00
172 171.00 0.91
3.19
0.04 -13.18
173 172.00 0.56
3.30
-0.01 -35.16
174 173.00 0.59
3.17
-0.04 21.97
175 174.00 0.69
3.23
0.04
1.879
0.935
0.030
0.028
2.978
-3.108
-1.209
0.696
0.040
0.028
3.008
-2.254
1.787
-0.060 -0.046
1.754
1.691
-1.005
-0.080 -0.046
2.074
0.470
-0.804
0.080
0.055
1.605
-0.564
0.989
-0.180 -0.084
1.276
1.503
-1.489
0.408
0.000
0.000
1.550
0.215
-0.140 -0.030
0.980
-1.221
0.841
1.691
0.332
0.060
0.020
1.000
0.00
-0.658
0.638
0.262
0.060
0.016
0.866
-0.470
0.394
0.273
-0.030 -0.008
0.522
0.939
0.288
0.070
0.020
0.610
-0.470
0.769
0.223
0.070
0.016
0.706
0.000
0.014
0.170
0.110
0.019
0.929
-0.752
0.383
0.214
0.060
0.013
0.603
1.221
170.39
3.008
3007.84
301.87
306.70
-4.874 -0.420
11.604
-1.866
-1865.86
-187.26
-190.25 -105.70
1.754
1753.82
176.01
178.83
99.35
16.744
-1.339
4.023
2.269
-0.070
-32.419
4.023
4023.15
403.76
410.22
227.90
2.074
2073.91
208.14
211.47
117.48
7.305
-0.292
0.245
-1.829 -0.150
12.191
0.245
245.23
24.61
25.01
13.89
1.605
1605.05
161.08
163.66
90.92
24.715
-2.224
4.336
2.731
0.000
#DIV/0!
4.336
4335.95
435.16
442.12
245.62
1.276
1276.17
128.08
130.13
72.29
37.227
1.861
-0.781
-2.057
0.100
-20.571
-0.781
-780.96
-78.38
-79.63
-44.24
1.550
1550.00
155.56
158.05
87.80
6.151
6150.90
617.30
627.18
348.43
0.980
979.96
98.35
99.92
55.51
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
-5.047
6.151
4.601
0.020
230.045
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.140
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
1.000
999.93
100.35
101.96
56.64
15.939
0.638
0.212
-0.788
0.010
-78.751
0.212
212.42
21.32
21.66
12.03
0.866
865.70
86.88
88.27
49.04
9.848
-0.098
0.722
-0.143
0.010
-14.338
0.722
722.32
72.49
73.65
40.92
0.522
521.80
52.37
53.21
29.56
-21.375
-1.710
2.206
1.684
0.090
18.715
2.206
2206.16
221.41
224.95
124.97
0.610
610.16
61.24
62.22
34.56
19.236
0.769
0.108
-0.502
0.000
#DIV/0!
0.108
108.43
10.88
11.06
6.14
0.706
705.60
70.81
71.95
39.97
0.720
0.029
1.163
0.457
-0.040
-11.433
1.163
1162.94
116.71
118.58
65.88
0.929
928.67
93.20
94.69
52.61
-38.289
1.532
-1.411
-2.340 -0.130
17.999
-1.411
-1411.19
-141.63
0.603
602.82
60.50
-38.289
-1.134 -28.350
338.40
-1.866
0.720
0.470
609.11
2.257
19.236
-0.282
599.52
-9.403
-0.641 -21.375
-0.188
5973.69
5.974
9.848
0.094
168.70
-33.285
15.939
-0.094
29.00
303.66
-0.090
84.118
0.000
52.20
298.88
2.996
-2.081 #DIV/0!
0.376
51.38
2978.05
5.974
84.118
-0.094
511.91
2.978
-1.209
37.227
0.470
0.512
40.295
24.715
-0.752
0.466
7.845
7.305
1.597
0.688
-3.138 -0.400
16.744
-0.564
0.576
0.512
-9.403
1.409
0.770
0.559
40.295
-1.785
21.97
57.13
1.691
-143.89 -79.94
61.47
34.15
176 175.00 0.82
3.24
0.08
177 176.00 0.98
3.38
0.06 -26.37
13.18
178 177.00 0.91
3.37
0.03 -30.76
179 178.00 0.85
3.44
0.00 -26.37
180 179.00 0.47
3.37
-0.03 17.58
181 180.00 0.79
3.38
0.04
182 181.00 0.85
3.44
0.03 -17.58
183 182.00 0.75
3.44
0.00
8.79
184 183.00 0.79
3.44
0.04
17.58
185 184.00 0.66
3.53
0.04 -17.58
186 185.00 0.66
3.51
0.01
0.00
187 186.00 0.72
3.54
0.04
26.37
188 187.00 0.72
3.58
0.06
0.00
189 188.00 0.59
3.67
0.04 -30.76
190 189.00 0.66
3.65
0.00
17.58
191 190.00 0.98
3.67
0.07
70.31
192 191.00 0.69
3.79
0.14
193 192.00 0.47
3.95
0.00
0.07 127.44
194 193.00 0.02
3.93
-0.11 -65.92
195 194.00 0.34
3.72
-0.06 74.71
196 195.00 1.04
3.81
0.04
197 196.00 0.69
3.79
0.02 -17.58
198 197.00 0.53
3.84
0.00 -35.16
199 198.00 0.40
3.79
-0.05 -52.73
200 199.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
26.37
0.282
0.290
0.140
0.041
0.861
-28.350
0.683
0.247
0.070
0.017
0.927
-0.564
11.385
0.486
0.010
0.002
0.472
0.564
-0.246
0.000
0.000
0.850
0.188
0.090
0.017
0.807
-0.376
0.203
0.030
0.006
0.666
0.564
0.229
0.014
0.734
-0.658
0.020
0.005
0.665
1.503
0.513
0.160
0.019
0.709
-2.724
2.485
-0.210 -0.019
0.001
1.597
-1.258
0.182
-0.020 -0.004
1.036
-0.376
0.029
0.106
-0.050 -0.005
0.525
-1.127
0.000
1.002
286.14
86.37
87.75
158.97
48.75
1225.97
123.04
125.01
69.45
94.55
52.53
0.927
927.30
93.06
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -0.070
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.472
472.34
47.40
48.16
26.76
-6.150
0.060
15.632
1.410
1410.28
141.54
143.80
79.89
0.850
850.00
85.31
86.67
48.15
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.000
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.807
806.83
80.97
82.27
45.70
0.603
602.76
60.49
61.46
34.15
0.666
666.10
66.85
67.92
37.73
1484.66
149.00
151.38
84.10
-0.185
1.410
0.938
0.057
0.603
-0.204 -0.020
10.203
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
-12.744
-0.765
1.485
0.819
0.040
20.464
1.485
0.734
734.47
73.71
74.89
41.61
12.826
0.000
0.284
-0.450 -0.020
22.512
0.284
284.22
28.52
28.98
16.10
0.665
665.34
66.77
67.84
37.69
3.066
3066.49
307.75
312.68
173.71
-16.975
-2.376
3.066
2.401
0.120
20.010
0.709
709.04
71.16
72.30
40.17
35.501
-3.905
5.334
4.625
-0.020 -231.255
5.334
5334.13
535.33
543.90
302.17
0.001
0.81
0.08
0.08
0.05
20.963
0.839
-0.644
-0.645
0.090
-7.163
-0.644
-643.91
-64.62
-65.66
-36.48
1.036
1036.36
104.01
105.67
58.71
1.471
0.000
1.282
0.245
0.050
4.904
1.282
1281.56
128.62
130.68
72.60
0.525
524.72
52.66
53.50
29.72
-20.048
0.000
0.000
-0.525 -3.790
0.138
0.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
20.963
1.471
-0.752
281.64
860.59
1.226
35.501
0.845
2806.26
0.861
-36.538
-1.188 -16.975
-1.409
0.091
0.365
12.826
0.000
0.119
1.226
2.806
-0.010
5.724
0.376
0.267
0.342
-0.510 -12.744
0.000
0.090
220.344
5.724
0.000
0.161
0.010
-0.288 #DIV/0!
0.376
0.187
2.203
-6.150
-0.376
0.218
2.806
#DIV/0!
0.376
0.234
-2.268
11.385
-0.658
39.55
0.00
-0.564
-20.048
APPENDIX 9
No
Time
(ms)
Load
(MN)
Displac Velo Acceler

ement city ation
(mm) (m/s) (m/s2)
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
1.42
1.33
1.52
1.49
1.52
1.45
1.36
1.36
1.23
1.49
1.36
1.58
1.36
1.42
1.20
1.42
1.36
1.55
1.36
1.55
1.45
1.36
-0.06
-0.01
-0.03
-0.08
0.01
0.06
-0.01
0.01
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.06
0.06
0.10
0.06
0.06
0.01
0.06
0.03
0.06
0.03
0.06
Ku
Formul Consta
Fu
a
nt
-0.16
0.85
Fu(i)
Ku
Fu
MN to
kN
2.18
2.27
0.90
0.67
2.28
2.41
0.91
0.96
1.86
1.47
0.76
1.53
1.67
1.80
1.51
1.28
0.98
1.54
1.45
1.55
1.64
1.98
2179.46
2272.61
902.64
671.56
2281.57
2414.74
905.95
963.47
1863.11
1469.36
764.63
1532.44
1672.01
1795.78
1510.40
1275.12
984.22
1544.35
1453.84
1550.00
1637.89
1979.25
Normalis
Ton to
kN to
ed data
Tonne
(Tonnes/
Ton
s
m)
0.02137
54
0.00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
M u(i+1) Fstat Cv
a(i+1) - u(i) Ma
0.05
0.02
-0.04
0.02
0.07
-0.01
-0.03
0.04
0.01
-0.03
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.00
-0.02
-0.03
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.02
-35.16
-43.95
0.00
52.73
-13.18
-48.34
21.97
17.58
-30.76
4.39
26.37
0.00
-13.18
-17.58
-13.18
8.79
17.58
0.00
-4.39
0.00
-8.79
-30.76
-0.75
-0.94
0.00
1.13
-0.28
-1.03
0.47
0.38
-0.66
0.09
0.56
0.00
-0.28
-0.38
-0.28
0.19
0.38
0.00
-0.09
0.00
-0.19
-0.66
-0.06
0.05
-0.02
-0.05
0.09
0.05
-0.07
0.02
0.05
-0.03
-0.02
0.05
0.00
0.04
-0.04
0.00
-0.05
0.05
-0.03
0.03
-0.03
0.03
2.17
2.27
1.52
0.36
1.80
2.48
0.89
0.98
1.89
1.40
0.80
1.58
1.64
1.80
1.48
1.23
0.98
1.55
1.45
1.55
1.64
2.02
0.05
0.02
-0.04
0.02
0.07
-0.01
-0.03
0.04
0.01
-0.03
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.00
-0.02
-0.03
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.02
-0.06
0.05
-0.02
-0.05
0.09
0.05
-0.07
0.02
0.05
-0.03
-0.02
0.05
0.00
0.04
-0.04
0.00
-0.05
0.05
-0.03
0.03
-0.03
0.03
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.17
2.27
1.52
0.36
1.80
2.48
0.89
0.98
1.89
1.40
0.80
1.58
1.64
1.80
1.48
1.23
0.98
1.55
1.45
1.55
1.64
2.02
2.17
2.27
1.52
0.36
1.80
2.48
0.89
0.98
1.89
1.40
0.80
1.58
1.64
1.80
1.48
1.23
0.98
1.55
1.45
1.55
1.64
2.02
2.23 -0.05
0.04
-15.43 7.70 1.06 -0.15
-0.39
-6.85 -3.33 2.58 -0.30
-0.17
0.52 0.64 0.95 -0.04
0.01
2.44 4.92 1.62 0.25
-0.15
1.59 10.97 0.98 -0.22
0.55
-1.51 3.09 1.67 0.00
0.12
1.43 -5.88 1.28 0.24
0.00
0.57 5.60 1.26 -0.28
0.28
0.00 1.60 1.50 -0.05
0.05
-1.91 5.69 1.81 -0.17
0.17
218.73
228.08
90.59
67.40
228.98
242.34
90.92
96.69
186.98
147.47
76.74
153.80
167.80
180.22
151.58
127.97
98.78
154.99
145.91
155.56
164.38
198.64
222.23
231.73
92.04
68.48
232.64
246.22
92.38
98.24
189.97
149.82
77.97
156.26
170.49
183.11
154.01
130.02
100.36
157.47
148.24
158.05
167.01
201.82
123.46
128.74
51.13
38.04
129.25
136.79
51.32
54.58
105.54
83.24
43.31
86.81
94.72
101.73
85.56
72.23
55.75
87.48
82.36
87.80
92.78
112.12
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
22.00
23.00
24.00
25.00
26.00
27.00
28.00
29.00
30.00
31.00
32.00
33.00
34.00
35.00
36.00
37.00
38.00
39.00
40.00
41.00
42.00
43.00
44.00
45.00
46.00
47.00
48.00
49.00
50.00
51.00
52.00
1.42
1.45
1.49
1.36
1.58
1.42
1.61
1.36
1.52
1.36
1.71
1.61
1.77
1.68
1.74
1.77
1.87
2.19
2.25
2.47
2.57
2.73
2.85
3.17
3.17
3.55
3.46
4.06
4.13
4.48
4.79
-0.01
-0.06
-0.04
-0.04
-0.08
-0.06
-0.04
-0.01
-0.03
0.01
0.06
-0.01
-0.04
-0.04
-0.08
-0.04
-0.01
0.03
0.06
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.15
0.20
0.17
0.20
0.17
0.26
0.20
0.34
0.38
-0.06
-0.02
0.01
-0.02
-0.01
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.04
-0.01
-0.05
-0.02
-0.02
0.00
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.04
0.06
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.09
0.04
0.00
35.16
0.00
-8.79
17.58
17.58
-4.39
-8.79
17.58
-8.79
-48.34
-4.39
17.58
8.79
26.37
17.58
0.00
-4.39
-13.18
-13.18
13.18
30.76
-13.18
-30.76
-4.39
13.18
8.79
8.79
35.16
0.00
-30.76
0.00
0.75
0.00
-0.19
0.38
0.38
-0.09
-0.19
0.38
-0.19
-1.03
-0.09
0.38
0.19
0.56
0.38
0.00
-0.09
-0.28
-0.28
0.28
0.66
-0.28
-0.66
-0.09
0.28
0.19
0.19
0.75
0.00
-0.66
-0.07
-0.05
0.02
0.00
-0.04
0.02
0.02
0.03
-0.02
0.04
0.05
-0.07
-0.03
0.00
-0.04
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.05
-0.03
0.03
-0.03
0.09
-0.06
0.14
0.04
1.42
0.70
1.49
1.55
1.20
1.04
1.70
1.55
1.14
1.55
2.74
1.70
1.39
1.49
1.18
1.39
1.87
2.28
2.53
2.75
2.29
2.07
3.13
3.83
3.26
3.27
3.27
3.87
3.38
4.48
5.45
-0.06
-0.02
0.01
-0.02
-0.01
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.04
-0.01
-0.05
-0.02
-0.02
0.00
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.04
0.06
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.09
0.04
-0.07
-0.05
0.02
0.00
-0.04
0.02
0.02
0.03
-0.02
0.04
0.05
-0.07
-0.03
0.00
-0.04
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.05
-0.03
0.03
-0.03
0.09
-0.06
0.14
0.04
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.42
0.70
1.49
1.55
1.20
1.04
1.70
1.55
1.14
1.55
2.74
1.70
1.39
1.49
1.18
1.39
1.87
2.28
2.53
2.75
2.29
2.07
3.13
3.83
3.26
3.27
3.27
3.87
3.38
4.48
5.45
1.42
0.70
1.49
1.55
1.20
1.04
1.70
1.55
1.14
1.55
2.74
1.70
1.39
1.49
1.18
1.39
1.87
2.28
2.53
2.75
2.29
2.07
3.13
3.83
3.26
3.27
3.27
3.87
3.38
4.48
5.45
-14.42 -7.24 0.05 0.51

0.36
-1.35 -0.88 1.52 -0.02
0.00
-1.06 -2.14 1.11 0.09
-0.04
6.26 -3.08 1.58 -0.06
-0.09
2.71 5.37 1.22 -0.11
0.21
2.56 7.81 2.38 0.39
-0.55
-0.03 3.26 1.49 -0.10
0.00
1.11 2.17 1.26 -0.09
0.09
0.07 41.38 0.63 1.24
1.66
-8.82 -4.37 2.93 -0.13
-0.09
-5.39 0.00 2.29 0.00
0.00
-12.05 -4.68 4.18 -0.33
-0.23
0.00 0.07 3.27 0.00
0.00
-0.32 4.97 3.43 -0.15
0.45
1.47 5.14 3.63 -0.31
0.72
37.46 -37.08 5.43 -1.48
0.55
0.41
1.50
1.52
1.19
1.07
1.52
1.49
1.12
1.44
2.77
1.83
1.39
1.49
1.18
1.35
1.87
2.28
2.80
2.84
2.29
2.29
3.85
3.95
3.26
3.27
3.28
3.88
3.32
4.35
3.95
554.80
410.04
1503.45
1520.99
1193.64
1065.39
1516.05
1485.29
1117.13
1439.51
2768.87
1831.73
1393.66
1491.55
1176.33
1349.89
1867.02
2280.85
2796.18
2839.88
2288.27
2288.27
3854.46
3947.96
3263.84
3268.27
3281.84
3878.60
3319.61
4347.63
3949.21
55.68
41.15
150.89
152.65
119.79
106.92
152.15
149.06
112.11
144.47
277.88
183.83
139.87
149.69
118.06
135.48
187.37
228.91
280.62
285.01
229.65
229.65
386.83
396.22
327.56
328.00
329.37
389.26
333.16
436.33
396.34
56.57
41.81
153.30
155.09
121.71
108.63
154.59
151.45
113.91
146.78
282.33
186.77
142.11
152.09
119.95
137.64
190.37
232.57
285.11
289.57
233.33
233.33
393.02
402.56
332.80
333.25
334.64
395.48
338.49
443.31
402.68
31.43
23.23
85.17
86.16
67.62
60.35
85.88
84.14
63.28
81.54
156.85
103.76
78.95
84.49
66.64
76.47
105.76
129.21
158.40
160.87
129.63
129.63
218.35
223.64
184.89
185.14
185.91
219.71
188.05
246.28
223.71
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
53.00
54.00
55.00
56.00
57.00
58.00
59.00
60.00
61.00
62.00
63.00
4.89
5.30
5.69
6.04
6.32
6.83
7.12
7.53
7.85
8.61
9.06
0.43
0.43
0.55
0.59
0.66
0.78
0.91
1.06
1.08
1.20
1.26
0.03 8.79
0.06 26.37
0.08 -4.39
0.05 8.79
0.10 35.16
0.12 21.97
0.14 -17.58
0.09 -35.16
0.07 0.00
0.09 4.39
0.08 8.79
0.19
0.56
-0.09
0.19
0.75
0.47
-0.38
-0.75
0.00
0.09
0.19
0.05
0.00
0.12
0.04
0.07
0.12
0.13
0.15
0.02
0.12
0.06
4.70
4.74
5.78
5.85
5.57
6.36
7.50
8.28
7.85
8.52
8.87
0.03
0.06
0.08
0.05
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.09
0.07
0.09
0.08
0.05
0.00
0.12
0.04
0.07
0.12
0.13
0.15
0.02
0.12
0.06
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
4.70
4.74
5.78
5.85
5.57
6.36
7.50
8.28
7.85
8.52
8.87
4.70
4.74
5.78
5.85
5.57
6.36
7.50
8.28
7.85
8.52
8.87
45.27 23.00
65 64.00
9.66
1.36
0.11
8.79
0.19
0.10
9.47 0.11 0.10 1.00 9.47
9.47
-26.23 28.18 9.54 2.82
66 65.00 10.11
1.47
0.10
4.39
0.09
0.11 10.02 0.10 0.11 1.00 10.02
10.02
3.10
67 66.00 10.71
1.56
0.11
8.79
0.19
0.09 10.52 0.11 0.09 1.00 10.52
10.52
1.13 15.36 9.02 1.38
68 67.00 11.29
1.70
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.14 11.29 0.11 0.14 1.00 11.29
11.29
2.15
69 68.00 12.05
1.78
0.11
39.55
0.85
0.08 11.20 0.11 0.08 1.00 11.20
11.20
70 69.00 12.56
1.93
0.19
57.13
1.22
0.15 11.34 0.19 0.15 1.00 11.34
11.34
71 70.00 13.26
2.17
0.23
-8.79
-0.19
0.24 13.45 0.23 0.24 1.00 13.45
13.45 -13.07 -6.60 18.04 -1.58
72 71.00 13.83
2.38
0.18 -21.97
-0.47
0.21 14.30 0.18 0.21 1.00 14.30
14.30
-1.39
73 72.00 14.60
2.52
0.18
17.58
0.38
0.14 14.22 0.18 0.14 1.00 14.22
14.22
5.92 12.40 11.42 1.74
74 73.00 15.33
2.75
0.21
-8.79
-0.19
0.23 15.52 0.21 0.23 1.00 15.52
15.52
2.85
75 74.00 16.12
76 75.00 16.57
2.95
3.09
0.17 -17.58
0.18 48.34
-0.38
1.03
0.20 16.50 0.17 0.20 1.00 16.50

0.14 15.54 0.18 0.14 1.00 15.54
16.50
15.54
0.32 16.04 13.23 3.21

2.25
1.69
8.45
-4.20 -2.46
1.01
3.16
-0.39 -5.87
1.04
-1.85
4.63 0.00
1.01
6.16 -0.10
-0.17
-1.83 2.76
2.99
7.72 0.47
0.06
9.26 -0.70
-0.35
0.73 11.03 0.06

0.11
3.58
4.63
5.65
6.06
5.99
0.93
1.16
8.19
7.78
8.55
8.90
3578.39
4634.88
5648.57
6061.91
5988.03
928.25
1158.29
8190.80
7779.41
8551.49
8903.51
12357.3
12.36
6
12639.1
12.64
2
10397.5
10.40
9
11165.4
11.17
8
11090.4
11.09
7
11141.6
11.14
9
16455.1
16.46
4
16653.1
16.65
2
13158.4
13.16
4
14274.4
14.27
8
16441.2
16.44
8
15.48 15479.0
359.13
465.16
566.89
608.37
600.96
93.16
116.25
822.03
780.74
858.23
893.56
1240.1
8
1268.4
6
1043.5
0
1120.5
7
1113.0
4
1118.1
8
1651.4
4
1671.3
1
1320.5
8
1432.5
9
1650.0
5
1553.4
364.87
472.60
575.96
618.11
610.57
94.65
118.11
835.18
793.23
871.96
907.85
1260.0
3
1288.7
6
1060.2
0
1138.5
0
1130.8
5
1136.0
7
1677.8
6
1698.0
5
1341.7
1
1455.5
1
1676.4
5
1578.3
202.71
262.55
319.98
343.39
339.21
52.58
65.61
463.99
440.69
484.42
504.36
700.02
715.98
589.00
632.50
628.25
631.15
932.14
943.36
745.39
808.62
931.36
876.85
77 76.00 17.30
3.30
0.26
65.92
1.41
0.21 15.89 0.26 0.21 1.00 15.89
15.89 12.55 20.73 8.27 4.35
78 77.00 17.84
3.61
0.31 -35.16
-0.75
0.31 18.59 0.31 0.31 1.00 18.59
18.59
79 78.00 18.73
3.91
0.19 -87.89
-1.88
0.30 20.61 0.19 0.30 1.00 20.61
20.61
80 79.00 19.43
4.00
0.13
4.39
0.09
0.09 19.34 0.13 0.09 1.00 19.34
19.34
81 80.00 20.20
4.18
0.20
74.71
1.60
0.18 18.60 0.20 0.18 1.00 18.60
18.60
82 81.00 20.87
4.40
0.28
79.10
1.69
0.22 19.18 0.28 0.22 1.00 19.18
19.18
83 82.00 21.53
4.74
0.36
8.79
0.19
0.34 21.34 0.36 0.34 1.00 14.27
21.34 -23.72 5.00 21.11 1.70
84 83.00 22.20
5.12
0.30 -74.71
-1.60
0.38 23.80 0.30 0.38 1.00 15.90
23.80
85 84.00 22.84
5.34
0.21 -52.73
-1.13
0.22 23.97 0.21 0.22 1.00 23.97
23.97
86 85.00 23.48
5.55
0.19 -17.58
-0.38
0.21 23.86 0.19 0.21 1.00 23.86
23.86
87 86.00 23.89
5.72
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.17 23.89 0.18 0.17 1.00 20.69
23.89 -24.97 -44.00 32.67 -7.48
88 87.00 24.14
5.90
0.19
35.16
0.75
0.18 23.39 0.19 0.18 1.00 20.00
23.39
89 88.00 24.33
6.11
0.25
35.16
0.75
0.21 23.58 0.25 0.21 1.00 23.58
23.58
90 89.00 24.46
6.39
0.26
17.58
0.38
0.28 24.08 0.26 0.28 1.00 24.08
24.08
91 90.00 24.56
6.64
0.28
21.97
0.47
0.25 24.09 0.28 0.25 1.00 24.09
24.09 15.52 24.55 13.61 6.14
92 91.00 24.62
6.95
0.31 -65.92
-1.41
0.31 26.03 0.31 0.31 1.00 26.03
26.03
93 92.00 24.49
7.25
0.15 -140.63
-3.01
0.30 27.50 0.15 0.30 1.00 27.50
27.50
6.43
3.40
5.09 18.44 1.53

0.46
5.21
3.98 16.84 0.72

0.88
1.90
3.44
4.25 22.31 0.94

0.89
-7.92
5.57
6.43 20.84 1.35

1.80
7.61
3.41
6.64 24.99 1.99
0
12628.3
8
12.63
14701.5
14.70
9
19963.4
19.96
3
18894.6
7
18.89
17560.5
17.56
5
17719.7
17.72
2
22814.2
8
22.81
23014.2
23.01
8
23244.3
23.24
8
23201.8
6
23.20
25186.1
25.19
9
24746.1
24.75
9
22185.9
22.19
5
22636.0
22.64
3
19745.8
19.75
2
21219.0
21.22
2
26984.7
26.98
4
7
1267.3
8
1475.4
5
2003.5
3
1896.2
7
1762.3
8
1778.3
5
2289.6
4
2309.7
1
2332.8
1
2328.5
4
2527.6
9
2483.5
3
2226.5
8
2271.7
5
1981.6
9
2129.5
4
2708.1
9
3
1287.6
6
1499.0
6
2035.5
9
1926.6
1
1790.5
8
1806.8
0
2326.2
8
2346.6
7
2370.1
3
2365.8
0
2568.1
3
2523.2
6
2262.2
1
2308.1
0
2013.4
0
2163.6
1
2751.5
2
715.37
832.81
1130.88
1070.34
994.76
1003.78
1292.38
1303.70
1316.74
1314.33
1426.74
1401.81
1256.78
1282.28
1118.55
1202.01
1528.62
94 93.00 24.53
7.25
0.03 -26.37
-0.56
0.00 25.09 0.03 0.00 1.00 25.09
25.09
95 94.00 24.37
7.30
0.10
74.71
1.60
0.05 22.77 0.10 0.05 1.00 22.77
22.77
96 95.00 24.24
7.45
0.18
13.18
0.28
0.15 23.96 0.18 0.15 1.00 23.96
23.96
97 96.00 24.11
7.66
0.12 -43.95
-0.94
0.21 25.05 0.12 0.21 1.00 25.05
25.05
98 97.00 23.83
7.69
0.09
8.79
0.19
0.03 23.64 0.09 0.03 1.00 23.64
23.64
99 98.00 23.57
7.83
0.14
17.58
0.38
0.14 23.19 0.14 0.14 1.00 23.19
23.19 -40.47 3.13 28.42 0.44
100 99.00 23.44
7.97
0.12 -26.37
-0.56
0.14 24.00 0.12 0.14 1.00 24.00
24.00
0.44
101 100.00 23.32
8.08
0.09
4.39
0.09
0.11 23.23 0.09 0.11 1.00 23.23
23.23
-7.65 12.05 22.59 1.32
102 101.00 23.19
8.15
0.13
35.16
0.75
0.07 22.44 0.13 0.07 1.00 22.44
22.44
0.84
103 102.00 23.06
8.34
0.16
8.79
0.19
0.19 22.87 0.16 0.19 1.00 22.87
22.87
0.83 -14.33 25.46 -2.72
104 103.00 22.74
8.46
0.15 -52.73
-1.13
0.12 23.87 0.15 0.12 1.00 23.87
23.87
-1.72
105 104.00 22.58
8.64
0.05 -74.71
-1.60
0.18 24.18 0.05 0.18 1.00 24.18
24.18
106 105.00 22.23
8.57
0.00 -21.97
-0.47 -0.07 22.70 0.00 -0.07 1.00 22.70
22.70
107 106.00 22.23
8.64
0.01 -13.18
-0.28
0.07 22.51 0.01 0.07 1.00 22.51
22.51
108 107.00 21.98
8.59
-0.03
-4.39
-0.09 -0.05 22.07 -0.03 -0.05 1.00 22.07
22.07
109 108.00 21.82
8.59
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 21.82 0.00 0.00 1.00 21.82
21.82
110 109.00 21.47

111 110.00 21.28
8.59
8.53
-0.03 -4.39
-0.01 -13.18
-0.09 0.00 21.56 -0.03 0.00 1.00 21.56

-0.28 -0.06 21.56 -0.01 -0.06 1.00 21.56
21.56
21.56
24991.4
1
22113.1
22.11
2
22770.4
22.77
1
24665.6
9
24.67
23354.2
23.35
9
28860.3
28.86
6
28860.3
28.86
6
23914.4
23.91
8
23432.6
23.43
8
22738.5
22.74
6
23741.9
23.74
2
24104.8
24.10
0
22699.6
2
22.70
22503.4
22.50
3
22098.7
22.10
3
21820.0
0
21.82
21820.0
21.82
0
21.53 21525.5
0.00 24.99
6.60
6.57 21.78 0.33

0.99
3.20
7.29 23.14 1.53

0.22
1.44
5.62 23.09 1.01

-0.39
0.83
3.37 22.27 0.24

-0.17
8.54
0.00 21.82 0.00
-3.62
0.00
7.22 21.96 -0.43
2508.1
4
2219.2
7
2285.2
4
2475.4
5
2343.8
4
2896.4
3
2896.4
3
2400.0
6
2351.7
0
2282.0
4
2382.7
4
2419.1
6
2278.1
3
2258.4
4
2217.8
3
2189.8
6
2189.8
6
2160.3
2548.2
7
2254.7
8
2321.8
0
2515.0
6
2381.3
4
2942.7
7
2942.7
7
2438.4
6
2389.3
3
2318.5
5
2420.8
6
2457.8
6
2314.5
8
2294.5
8
2253.3
1
2224.8
9
2224.8
9
2194.8
1415.70
1252.66
1289.89
1397.25
1322.97
1634.87
1634.87
1354.70
1327.41
1288.09
1344.92
1365.48
1285.88
1274.77
1251.84
1236.05
1236.05
1219.37
112 111.00 21.02
8.57
-0.05 -65.92
-1.41
113 112.00 20.77
8.43
-0.14 -17.58
-0.38 -0.14 21.15 -0.14 -0.14 1.00 21.15
21.15 -11.99 -2.79 19.08 0.39
114 113.00 20.64
8.29
-0.09
0.09
-0.14 20.55 -0.09 -0.14 1.00 20.55
20.55
115 114.00 20.48
8.25
-0.13 -26.37
-0.56 -0.04 21.04 -0.13 -0.04 1.00 21.04
21.04
116 115.00 20.13
8.03
-0.14
-8.79
-0.19 -0.22 20.32 -0.14 -0.22 1.00 20.32
20.32
117 116.00 19.78
7.97
-0.15
8.79
0.19
-0.06 19.59 -0.15 -0.06 1.00 19.59
19.59
118 117.00 19.18
7.73
-0.12 30.76
0.66
-0.24 18.52 -0.12 -0.24 1.00 18.52
18.52
119 118.00 18.80
7.73
-0.09 -13.18
-0.28
0.00 19.08 -0.09 0.00 1.00 19.08
19.08
120 119.00 18.29
7.55
-0.15 -26.37
-0.56 -0.18 18.85 -0.15 -0.18 1.00 18.85
18.85
121 120.00 17.49
7.43
-0.14 43.95
0.94
-0.12 16.55 -0.14 -0.12 1.00 16.55
16.55 -13.05 3.69 15.17 -0.44
122 121.00 17.05
7.27
-0.06 79.10
1.69
-0.16 15.36 -0.06 -0.16 1.00 15.36
15.36
123 122.00 16.38
7.30
0.02
17.58
0.38
0.03 16.00 0.02 0.03 1.00 16.00
16.00 -18.37 -10.74 16.69 -0.32
124 123.00 15.93
7.30
-0.03 -61.52
-1.32
0.00 17.25 -0.03 0.00 1.00 17.25
17.25
0.00
125 124.00 15.20
7.25
-0.11 -26.37
-0.56 -0.05 15.76 -0.11 -0.05 1.00 15.76
15.76
-5.99 15.85 15.90 -0.79
126 125.00 14.31
7.09
-0.08 21.97
0.47
-0.16 13.84 -0.08 -0.16 1.00 13.84
13.84
-2.54
127 126.00 13.77
7.09
-0.06 -74.71
-1.60
0.00 15.37 -0.06 0.00 1.00 15.37
15.37
128 127.00 12.94
6.97
-0.23 -57.13
-1.22 -0.12 14.16 -0.23 -0.12 1.00 14.16
14.16
4.39
0.04 22.43 -0.05 0.04 1.00 22.43
22.43
0.29
0.39
-2.25
4.16 20.92 -0.17

-0.91
-3.70
5.32 19.36 -0.32

-1.28
-1.10
1.63 18.98 0.00

-0.29
-0.59
4.46
3.73 15.63 0.00

-0.45
1
22247.9
5
22.25
19466.8
19.47
5
19466.8
19.47
5
20751.4
9
20.75
20003.2
20.00
4
19036.5
19.04
0
18078.0
0
18.08
18983.0
18.98
4
18689.1
18.69
9
14723.7
6
14.72
14576.2
14.58
9
16371.7
16.37
0
16693.7
16.69
9
15104.4
15.10
3
13360.9
13.36
3
15634.7
15.63
0
15187.5
15.19
4
0
2232.8
0
1953.6
9
1953.6
9
2082.6
2
2007.5
3
1910.5
0
1814.3
1
1905.1
4
1875.6
5
1477.6
8
1462.8
8
1643.0
6
1675.3
9
1515.8
8
1340.9
0
1569.1
0
1524.2
2
6
2268.5
3
1984.9
5
1984.9
5
2115.9
4
2039.6
5
1941.0
7
1843.3
4
1935.6
2
1905.6
6
1501.3
2
1486.2
8
1669.3
5
1702.2
0
1540.1
3
1362.3
6
1594.2
0
1548.6
1
1260.29
1102.75
1102.75
1175.52
1133.14
1078.37
1024.08
1075.34
1058.70
834.07
825.71
927.42
945.66
855.63
756.87
885.67
860.34
129 128.00 12.05
6.64
-0.18 21.97
0.47
-0.33 11.58 -0.18 -0.33 1.00 11.58
11.58
-1.91
130 129.00 12.11

131 130.00 11.25
132 131.00 10.81
6.62
6.27
6.06
-0.18 -52.73
-0.28 17.58
-0.15 92.29
-1.13 -0.02 13.24 -0.18 -0.02 1.00 13.24

0.38 -0.35 10.87 -0.28 -0.35 1.00 10.87
1.97 -0.21 8.84 -0.15 -0.21 1.00 8.84
13.24
10.87
8.84
-0.11
-7.06 -7.99 6.10 2.80
1.68
133 132.00 10.17
5.97
-0.10 -48.34
-1.03 -0.09 11.20 -0.10 -0.09 1.00 11.20
11.20 12.31 0.96 12.52 -0.09
134 133.00 8.68

135 134.00 8.10
136 135.00 8.26
5.86
5.48
5.55
-0.25 -30.76
-0.16 140.62
0.04 17.58
-0.66 -0.11
3.01 -0.38
0.38 0.07
9.34 -0.25 -0.11 1.00 9.34

5.09 -0.16 -0.38 1.00 5.09
7.88 0.04 0.07 1.00 7.88
9.34
5.09
7.88
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
7.12
6.42
6.00
5.75
5.40
4.70
4.32
3.65
3.52
2.95
3.46
2.98
2.54
1.80
5.55
5.30
4.91
4.84
4.56
4.51
4.30
4.07
4.07
3.67
3.70
3.61
3.65
3.23
-0.12
-0.32
-0.23
-0.18
-0.17
-0.13
-0.22
-0.11
-0.20
-0.18
-0.03
-0.03
-0.19
-0.24
-3.76
-1.13
1.50
0.66
0.47
-0.56
0.19
0.19
-0.75
1.88
1.69
-1.78
-2.25
1.41
0.00 10.88 -0.12 0.00 1.00 10.88

-0.25 7.55 -0.32 -0.25 1.00 7.55
-0.39 4.50 -0.23 -0.39 1.00 4.50
-0.07 5.09 -0.18 -0.07 1.00 5.09
-0.28 4.93 -0.17 -0.28 1.00 4.93
-0.05 5.26 -0.13 -0.05 1.00 5.26
-0.21 4.13 -0.22 -0.21 1.00 4.13
-0.23 3.46 -0.11 -0.23 1.00 3.46
0.00 4.27 -0.20 0.00 1.00 4.27
-0.40 1.07 -0.18 -0.40 1.00 1.07
0.03 1.77 -0.03 0.03 1.00 1.77
-0.09 4.76 -0.03 -0.09 1.00 4.76
0.04 4.79 -0.19 0.04 1.00 4.79
-0.42 0.39 -0.24 -0.42 1.00 0.39
10.88
7.55
4.50
5.09
4.93
5.26
4.13
3.46
4.27
1.07
1.77
4.76
4.79
0.39
151 150.00 2.44
3.17
-0.06 79.10
1.69
-0.06
0.75 -0.06 -0.06 1.00 0.75
0.75
-77.37 -38.71 -6.22 2.32
152 151.00 2.12

153 152.00 1.74
154 153.00 1.55
3.10
3.02
2.87
-0.08 -26.37
-0.11 21.97
-0.04 74.71
-0.56 -0.07 2.68 -0.08 -0.07 1.00 2.68

0.47 -0.08 1.27 -0.11 -0.08 1.00 1.27
1.60 -0.15 -0.05 -0.04 -0.15 1.00 -0.05
2.68
1.27
-0.05
-9.41
136.00
137.00
138.00
139.00
140.00
141.00
142.00
143.00
144.00
145.00
146.00
147.00
148.00
149.00
-175.78
-52.73
70.31
30.76
21.97
-26.37
8.79
8.79
-35.16
87.89
79.10
-83.50
-105.47
65.92
2.34
6.00
-0.37
-0.30
-6.04
-0.59
-0.05
0.96
11236.2 1127.6
1
7
12892.9 1293.9
12.89
5
4
8.90 8897.65 892.97
7.78 7778.39 780.64
12434.3 1247.9
12.43
1
1
12415.0 1245.9
5
7
12.42
5.47 5468.02 548.77
7.79 7790.76 781.88
11596.9 1163.8
8
7
11.60
9.47 9466.09 950.02
4.41 4412.22 442.81
5.03 5026.07 504.42
4.88 4879.88 489.74
5.23 5225.05 524.39
2.80 2803.63 281.37
2.80 2797.87 280.79
4.15 4153.39 416.83
0.96 964.96 96.84
1.77 1767.61 177.40
4.76 4763.25 478.04
4.98 4977.25 499.52
0.62 621.82 62.41
-3.89 3892.97 -390.70
-3.51 3505.90 -351.85
0.24 235.33 23.62
-0.42 -423.34 -42.49
5.34 13.00 -1.76 11.24
5.16
-0.11
7.43 -1.96
0.36
8.52 11.60 0.00

-2.13
1.92 5.16 -0.75
-0.13
1.50 5.30 -0.42
-0.08
0.29 2.86 -0.06
-0.07
7.97 4.15 0.00
-3.19
-24.96 2.52 -0.75
2.25
9.47 4.60 0.38
-3.98
9.41
2.71
0.99 -0.75
-1.41
1145.7
1
1314.6
4
907.26
793.13
1267.8
7
1265.9
1
557.55
794.39
1182.4
9
965.22
449.90
512.49
497.58
532.78
285.87
285.29
423.50
98.39
180.24
485.69
507.51
63.40
396.95
357.48
24.00
-43.17
636.50
730.36
504.03
440.63
704.37
703.28
309.75
441.33
656.94
536.23
249.94
284.71
276.43
295.99
158.82
158.49
235.28
54.66
100.13
269.83
281.95
35.22
-220.53
-198.60
13.33
-23.98
155
156
157
158
159
160
154.00
155.00
156.00
157.00
158.00
159.00
2.03
1.36
1.29
1.55
1.17
1.01
2.95
2.95
2.77
2.87
2.87
2.89
0.04
-0.09
-0.04
0.05
0.01
-0.06
-26.37
-35.16
70.31
21.97
-57.13
-4.39
-0.56 0.08 2.59 0.04 0.08 1.00

-0.75 0.00 2.11 -0.09 0.00 1.00
1.50 -0.18 -0.21 -0.04 -0.18 1.00
0.47 0.10 1.08 0.05 0.10 1.00
-1.22 0.00 2.39 0.01 0.00 1.00
-0.09 0.02 1.10 -0.06 0.02 1.00
2.59
2.11
-0.21
1.08
2.39
1.10
2.59
2.11
-0.21
1.08
2.39
1.10
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
160.00
161.00
162.00
163.00
164.00
165.00
166.00
167.00
168.00
169.00
170.00
171.00
172.00
173.00
174.00
175.00
176.00
177.00
178.00
179.00
180.00
181.00
182.00
183.00
0.59
0.98
0.98
0.85
0.79
0.53
0.82
0.59
0.91
0.69
0.72
0.91
0.56
0.59
0.69
0.82
0.98
0.91
0.85
0.47
0.79
0.85
0.75
0.79
2.75
2.89
2.95
2.96
3.02
3.03
3.00
3.09
3.16
3.16
3.23
3.19
3.30
3.17
3.23
3.24
3.38
3.37
3.44
3.37
3.38
3.44
3.44
3.44
0.00
0.10
0.04
0.04
0.04
-0.01
0.03
0.08
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.04
-0.01
-0.04
0.04
0.08
0.06
0.03
0.00
-0.03
0.04
0.03
0.00
0.04
79.10
17.58
-30.76
0.00
-21.97
-4.39
43.95
4.39
-21.97
-8.79
0.00
-13.18
-35.16
21.97
57.13
13.18
-26.37
-30.76
-26.37
17.58
26.37
-17.58
8.79
17.58
1.69
0.38
-0.66
0.00
-0.47
-0.09
0.94
0.09
-0.47
-0.19
0.00
-0.28
-0.75
0.47
1.22
0.28
-0.56
-0.66
-0.56
0.38
0.56
-0.38
0.19
0.38
2.64
2.35 0.14
0.00
1.35 4.19 0.59 -0.75
0.42
17.00 -4.85 2.22 0.00
-0.10
2.49
2.35
-0.16
1.01
2.22
2.12
-0.14 -1.10 0.00 -0.14 1.00 -1.10

0.14 0.60 0.10 0.14 1.00 0.60
0.06 1.64 0.04 0.06 1.00 1.64
0.01 0.85 0.04 0.01 1.00 0.85
0.06 1.26 0.04 0.06 1.00 1.26
0.01 0.62 -0.01 0.01 1.00 0.62
-0.03 -0.12 0.03 -0.03 1.00 -0.12
0.09 0.50 0.08 0.09 1.00 0.50
0.07 1.38 0.04 0.07 1.00 1.38
0.00 0.88 0.04 0.00 1.00 0.88
0.07 0.72 0.02 0.07 1.00 0.72
-0.04 1.19 0.04 -0.04 1.00 1.19
0.11 1.31 -0.01 0.11 1.00 1.31
-0.13 0.12 -0.04 -0.13 1.00 0.12
0.06 -0.53 0.04 0.06 1.00 -0.53
0.01 0.54 0.08 0.01 1.00 0.54
0.14 1.54 0.06 0.14 1.00 1.54
-0.01 1.57 0.03 -0.01 1.00 1.57
0.07 1.41 0.00 0.07 1.00 1.41
-0.07 0.09 -0.03 -0.07 1.00 0.09
0.01 0.23 0.04 0.01 1.00 0.23
0.06 1.23 0.03 0.06 1.00 1.23
0.00 0.56 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.56
0.00 0.41 0.04 0.00 1.00 0.41
-1.10
0.60
1.64
0.85
1.26
0.62
-0.12
0.50
1.38
0.88
0.72
1.19
1.31
0.12
-0.53
0.54
1.54
1.57
1.41
0.09
0.23
1.23
0.56
0.41
1.93
-1.10
0.41
1.64
0.85
1.01
0.69
-0.17
0.35
1.38
0.88
0.70
1.16
1.32
0.14
-0.95
-0.30
1.54
1.57
1.41
0.15
0.38
1.34
0.56
0.56
0.03
6.35
1.82
0.04
0.78
0.61
10.43
0.02
1.93
-3.83
-3.70
1.74
5.40 -0.34 -0.76

0.76
15.75 0.69 0.95
0.16
6.36 0.62 0.38
0.06
4.37 -0.04 -0.13
0.39
7.17 0.88 0.50
0.00
-4.15 0.99 -0.29
0.17
4.89 0.78 0.54
-0.64
-13.04 -0.17 -0.78
-0.13
-0.16 1.57 -0.02
0.00
9.01 0.78 0.63
-0.63
19.22 0.19 0.19
1.15
0.00 0.56 0.00
0.00
2488.16 249.71
2348.96 235.74
-159.08 -15.97
1013.10 101.67
2221.14 222.91
2124.04 213.17
1100.80 -110.48
411.35 41.28
1636.15 164.20
848.64 85.17
1005.56 100.92
687.35 68.98
-174.09 -17.47
350.46 35.17
1378.22 138.32
876.49 87.96
704.45 70.70
1160.63 116.48
1317.64 132.24
144.71 14.52
-948.52 -95.19
-296.42 -29.75
1542.69 154.82
1567.02 157.27
1413.67 141.88
152.11 15.27
379.73 38.11
1340.83 134.57
562.11 56.41
562.11 56.41
253.71
239.51
-16.22
103.30
226.48
216.58
112.24
41.94
166.83
86.53
102.53
70.09
-17.75
35.73
140.53
89.37
71.83
118.34
134.35
14.76
-96.72
-30.22
157.30
159.78
144.15
15.51
38.72
136.72
57.32
57.32
140.95
133.06
-9.01
57.39
125.82
120.32
-62.36
23.30
92.68
48.07
56.96
38.94
-9.86
19.85
78.07
49.65
39.91
65.75
74.64
8.20
-53.73
-16.79
87.39
88.77
80.08
8.62
21.51
75.95
31.84
31.84
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
184.00
185.00
186.00
187.00
188.00
189.00
190.00
191.00
192.00
193.00
0.66
0.66
0.72
0.72
0.59
0.66
0.98
0.69
0.47
0.02
3.53
3.51
3.54
3.58
3.67
3.65
3.67
3.79
3.95
3.93
0.04
0.01
0.04
0.06
0.04
0.00
0.07
0.14
0.07
-0.11
-17.58
0.00
26.37
0.00
-30.76
17.58
70.31
0.00
-127.44
-65.92
-0.38 0.09 1.04 0.04 0.09 1.00

0.00 -0.02 0.66 0.01 -0.02 1.00
0.56 0.03 0.16 0.04 0.03 1.00
0.00 0.04 0.72 0.06 0.04 1.00
-0.66 0.09 1.25 0.04 0.09 1.00
0.38 -0.02 0.28 0.00 -0.02 1.00
1.50 0.02 -0.52 0.07 0.02 1.00
0.00 0.12 0.69 0.14 0.12 1.00
-2.72 0.16 3.19 0.07 0.16 1.00
-1.41 -0.02 1.43 -0.11 -0.02 1.00
1.04
0.66
0.16
0.72
1.25
0.28
-0.52
0.69
3.19
1.43
1.04
0.66
0.16
0.72
1.25
0.28
-0.52
0.69
3.19
1.43
195
196
197
198
199
200
194.00
195.00
196.00
197.00
198.00
199.00
0.34
1.04
0.69
0.53
0.40
0.00
3.72
3.81
3.79
3.84
3.79
0.00
-0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
-0.05
0.00
74.71
39.55
-17.58
-35.16
-52.73
0.00
1.60
0.85
-0.38
-0.75
-1.13
0.00
-0.21 -1.26 -0.06 -0.21 1.00 -1.26

0.09 0.19 0.04 0.09 1.00 0.19
-0.02 1.07 0.02 -0.02 1.00 1.07
0.05 1.28 0.00 0.05 1.00 1.28
-0.05 1.53 -0.05 -0.05 1.00 1.53
-3.79 0.00 0.00 -3.79 1.00 0.00
-1.26
0.19
1.07
1.28
1.53
0.00
0.88
3.18
22.55 11.27
0.71 0.29
-0.06
-1.08 0.34
0.45
0.44 0.70
-0.15
-1.08 0.16
0.98
2.06 0.79
-0.10
1.00
0.65
-0.75
-0.63
1.13
0.28
-0.92
-0.11
2.86
1.96
-1.17
0.14
1.08
1.28
1.52
0.00
2.81
7.73
5.70
8.14
4.84
4.97
1.45
4.35 -0.26 -0.91

0.39
2.85 1.14 -0.06
0.14
0.41 1.54 -0.02
-1.54
-0.80
-0.08
1000.71 100.43
651.23 65.36
-745.52 -74.82
-632.77 -63.50
1134.93 113.90
284.22 28.52
-921.78 -92.51
-107.75 -10.81
2855.38 286.57
1961.31 196.84
1169.86 -117.41
136.54 13.70
1081.78 108.57
1281.56 128.62
1523.22 152.87
0.00
0.00
102.04
66.40
-76.02
-64.52
115.72
28.98
-93.99
-10.99
291.15
199.99
119.29
13.92
110.30
130.68
155.32
0.00
56.69
36.89
-42.23
-35.84
64.29
16.10
-52.22
-6.10
161.75
111.10
-66.27
7.73
61.28
72.60
86.29
0.00
APPENDIX 10
No
Total
Load
(Tons)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
1
48
117
149
201
249
303
350
399
448
498
548
597
646
696
750
800
845
897
950
1003
1047
1098
1147
1199
944
587
304
0
198
300
399
501
598
701
903
999
1098
1192
1297
1398
1506
1598
1696
1798
1899
1997
Reference
Corrected
Settlement Beam
Pile Top
(mm)
Movement
Settlement
(mm)
-0.01
0.43
1.13
1.5
1.93
2.51
3.33
4.12
4.91
5.74
6.53
7.31
8.05
8.93
9.86
10.91
12.02
13.32
14.59
16.03
17.31
18.55
19.95
21.92
24.12
22.34
17.97
15.52
9.55
11.08
12.19
13.37
14.51
15.56
16.66
18.81
19.98
21.73
24.81
29.59
34.44
39.64
45.06
50.47
56.08
61.67
67.34
0.00
-0.35
-0.65
-0.74
-0.94
-1.07
-1.41
-1.78
-2.26
-2.50
-2.70
-2.88
-3.35
-3.83
-3.66
-4.45
-4.50
-4.86
-5.11
-5.56
-5.76
-6.03
-6.43
-6.78
-6.93
-6.23
-4.98
-3.91
-2.28
-2.62
-2.94
-3.07
-3.50
-3.65
-3.81
-4.25
-4.33
-4.77
-5.11
-5.56
-5.89
-6.13
-6.50
-6.77
-7.08
-7.14
-7.37
-0.01
0.08
0.48
0.77
1.00
1.44
1.93
2.34
2.66
3.24
3.82
4.43
4.71
5.10
6.20
6.46
7.52
8.47
9.49
10.47
11.55
12.52
13.52
15.14
17.19
16.11
12.99
11.61
7.27
8.46
9.25
10.30
11.01
11.91
12.85
14.56
15.65
16.96
19.70
24.03
28.55
33.51
38.56
43.70
49.00
54.53
59.97
Ton to
Tonnes
Normalised
data
(Tonnes/m)
1.02
48.77
118.87
151.38
204.22
252.98
307.85
355.60
405.38
455.17
505.97
556.77
606.55
656.34
707.14
762.00
812.80
858.52
911.35
965.20
1019.05
1063.75
1115.57
1165.35
1218.18
959.10
596.39
308.86
0.00
201.17
304.80
405.38
509.02
607.57
712.22
917.45
1014.98
1115.57
1211.07
1317.75
1420.37
1530.10
1623.57
1723.14
1826.77
1929.38
2028.95
0.85
40.64
99.06
126.15
170.18
210.82
256.54
296.33
337.82
379.31
421.64
463.97
505.46
546.95
589.28
635.00
677.33
715.43
759.46
804.33
849.21
886.46
929.64
971.13
1015.15
799.25
496.99
257.39
0.00
167.64
254.00
337.82
424.18
506.31
593.51
764.54
845.82
929.64
1009.23
1098.13
1183.64
1275.08
1352.97
1435.95
1522.31
1607.82
1690.79
1st cycle
2nd cycle
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
2098
2194
2300
2396
2493
2591
2698
2800
2896
3000
3000
2197
1542
768
1
74.35
79.77
6.02
13.08
19.66
27.82
34.29
40.67
47.25
50.43
65.30
58.66
48.20
39.08
21.70
-7.76
-7.97
-8.33
-8.63
-9.00
-9.39
-9.82
-10.31
-10.59
-11.61
-11.28
-8.73
-6.86
-5.27
-4.03
66.59
71.80
77.12
83.88
90.09
97.85
103.89
109.79
116.09
118.25
133.45
129.36
120.77
113.24
97.10
2131.57
2229.10
2336.80
2434.34
2532.89
2632.46
2741.17
2844.80
2942.34
3048.00
3048.00
2232.15
1566.67
780.29
1.02
1776.31
1857.59
1947.33
2028.61
2110.74
2193.71
2284.31
2370.67
2451.95
2540.00
2540.00
1860.13
1305.56
650.24
0.85

Static Load Test - A Comparison of Ultimate Load Between

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Static Load Test - A Comparison of Ultimate Load Between

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

STATIC LOAD TEST A COMPARISON OF ULTIMATE LOAD BETWEEN

STATNAMIC AND MAINTAINED LOAD TEST

MASTURA BINTI AZMI

A project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the

Faculty of Civil Engineering

I hereby declare that I have read this thesis and in my opinion

Name of Supervisor : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Khairul Anuar b. Kassim

Mastura Binti Azmi

My sincere appreciation should also go to the peoples incharge of the projects

Projek ini dijalankan untuk memcari perbandingan kekuatan maksima di antara

2.1.2 Depth of Exploration

2.1.3 Groundwater Condition

2.1.4 Sampling, in-situ testing and lab testing

Basic Piling Methods

2.2.1 Pile Types

2.2.1.1 Non-displacement piles

Percussion bored-castIn-situ piles

Rotary bored cast-in

2.2.1.2 Pile formation with rotary

2.2.1.3 Boring and Concreting

2.2.2 Concrete mixes for bored piles

2.2.3 Reinforcement for bored piles

2.2.4 Excavation using a bentonite suspension

Load Testing of Piles

2.4.2 Test equipment

2.4.3 Load application and measurement

2.4.3.1 Measurement of settlement

Pile Load Test Procedure

2.5.1 Maintained load test

Interpretation of the results

2.6.1 Load-settlement curves

2.6.2 Estimation of ultimate load

2.6.3 Settlement criteria

2.7.2 Development of statnamic

2.7.3 Basic concept of statnamic

2.7.4 Application of statnamic test

2.7.5 Statnamic theory

2.7.5.1 Load duration

Stress Wave Analysis

Statnamic compared to dynamic and static loading 43

2.13.1 Dynamic testing

2.13.2 Static Testing

2.14.1 Elementary rock classification

3.14.3 Defects in rock

2.14.4 Uniaxial compressive strength

2.14.5 Rock mass classification

Assembly of statnamic test equipment

Interpretation of statnamic pile load test results

4.1.1 Unloading point method

4.1.2 Matsumoto method

4.1.3 Simultaneous equation method

Interpretation of maintained load test data

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Results for bored pile on limestone rock

Results for bored pile on granite rock

Typical in-situ tests and their application to pile design

Recommended concrete slumps for cast- in- place pile

Schematic classification of igneous rock

Schematic classification of sedimentary rocks

Results for the statnamic test and maintained load test

The unloading-point model

Statnamic devices assembly